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LIFESTYLE DISEASES: AN EMERGING HEALTH BURDEN
Abstract
Book series on Medical Science gives the opportunity to students and doctors from all over the world to publish their research work in a set of Preclinical sciences, Internal medicine, Surgery and Public Health. This book series aim to inspire innovation and promote academic quality through outstanding publications of scientists and doctors. It also provides a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners, and educators to publish the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Medical Science. It also provides a remarkable opportunity for the academic, research and doctors communities to address new challenges and share solutions and discuss future research directions.
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Lifestyle diseases are ailments that are primarily based on the day to day habits of people. Habits that detract people from activity and push them towards a sedentary routine can cause a number of health issues that can lead to chronic non-communicable diseases that can have near life-threatening consequences. The world population has gained more than a decade of life expectancy since 1980, rising to 69.0 years in men and 74.8 years in women in 2015. The rate of people dying from cardiovascular disease and cancers has also fallen, although at a slower pace. An estimated 17.5 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2012, representing 31 percent of all global deaths. This number is expected to increase to more than 23 million by 2030. The number of annual deaths has increased from roughly 48 million in 1990 to almost 56 million in 2015. 70% (40 million) of global deaths in 2015 were due to non-communicable diseases. People are spending more years living with illness and disability. High blood pressure, smoking, high blood sugar, high body mass index, and childhood undernutrition were the world's leading risk factors for premature death and ill health in 2015. Innovative approaches and effective and evidence based interventions are required for the prevention, control and treatment of cardiovascular diseases to reduce the burden and save lives. There is need to develop broad and sustainable strategy for cardiovascular research and prevention. Such a strategy should recognize the unique societal influences, regional cultural diversity and the changing lifestyles as rates of urbanization continue to increase dramatically. The involvement of the medical community in prevention efforts is important. Strong methods to control the use of and exposure to tobacco, coupled with promotion of healthy lifestyles, such as increased physical activity and decreased fat and carbohydrate consumption, should be an integral part of any national program. A comprehensive strategy should be designed so that all stages of the life cycle are targeted. Reducing demand for tobacco products and content of salt in foods can help millions of people avoid unnecessary death and suffering from cardiovascular disease.