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Interdisciplinary Collaboration in the Design Process of Interactive Exhibits Focusing on New Materials
Abstract
The study reported in this paper focuses on the creation of captivating and innovative interactive science and technology museum exhibits by leveraging digital technology to support interdisciplinary collaborative design in the context of a rapidly evolving technological landscape. In introducing new prospects for science and technology museum exhibit design we focus on a specific theme-related question: How can the distinctive properties of graphene, a key future material, be made accessible in a high quality educational spatial experience through a collective, collaborative, and interdisciplinary design process that transcends boundaries of scale and conventional professional purview? To address this question, we first observed a multidisciplinary team comprising architects, material scientists, educational experts, and technology designers engaged in applied spatial interactive exhibit design for science and technology museums. Based on a critical analysis of this design process, we propose a new type of design workflow, leveraging the synergetic effects of interdisciplinary cooperation to foster novel types of digital spatial design approaches. The paper finally reports on the simulation and testing of the technical features of the designed exhibit and summarizes generalizable observations regarding the viability of the design process in broader contexts.
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Li-ion batteries are in demand due to technological advancements in the electronics industry; thus, expanding the battery supply chain and improving its electrochemical performance is crucial. Carbon materials are used to increase the cyclic stability and specific capacity of cathode materials, which are essential to batteries. LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes are generally safe and have a long cycle life. However, the common LFP cathode has a low inherent conductivity, and adding a carbon nanomaterial significantly influences how well it performs electrochemically. Therefore, the major focus of this review is on the importance, current developments, and future possibilities of carbon-LFP (C-LFP) cathodes in LIBs. Recent research on the impacts of different carbon sizes, LFP’s shape, diffusion, bonding, additives, dopants, and surface functionalization was reviewed. Overall, with suitable modifications, C-LFP cathodes are expected to bring many benefits to the energy storage sector in the forthcoming years.
Designing science exhibits that promote visitor engagement and learning remains a challenge. While theoretical models about visitor learning has been thoroughly addressed in the academic literature, there is little empirical knowledge about actual exhibit design. This takes place in a landscape of rapidly developing interaction technologies, while the demand for inclusion and equity measures increases. This literature review aims at bridging knowledge from across various disciplines to offer a recent and comprehensible overview, providing a new status quo for further research and practice in exhibit design. Beginning with a definition and introduction of central terms and theoretical constructs around informal learning and visitor experience, the paper continues with a chronological overview of exhibit design research. Finally, a comprehensive female-promoting science exhibit design framework is presented, and major research gaps are identified.
A tangible user interface or TUI connects physical objects and digital interfaces. It is more interactive and interesting for users than a classic graphic user interface. This article presents a descriptive overview of TUI’s real-world applications sorted into ten main application areas—teaching of traditional subjects, medicine and psychology, programming, database development, music and arts, modeling of 3D objects, modeling in architecture, literature and storytelling, adjustable TUI solutions, and commercial TUI smart toys. The paper focuses on TUI’s technical solutions and a description of technical constructions that influences the applicability of TUIs in the real world. Based on the review, the technical concept was divided into two main approaches: the sensory technical concept and technology based on a computer vision algorithm. The sensory technical concept is processed to use wireless technology, sensors, and feedback possibilities in TUI applications. The image processing approach is processed to a marker and markerless approach for object recognition, the use of cameras, and the use of computer vision platforms for TUI applications.
Designers are entrusted with increasingly complex and impactful challenges. However, the current system of design education does not always prepare students for these challenges. When we examine what and how our system teaches young designers, we discover that the most valuable elements of the designer’s perspective and process are seldom taught. Instead, some designers grow beyond their education through their experience working in industry, essentially learning by accident. Many design programs still maintain an insular perspective and an inefficient mechanism of tacit knowledge transfer.
Meanwhile, skills for developing creative solutions to complex problems are increasingly essential. Organizations are starting to recognize that designers bring something special to this type of work, a rational belief based upon numerous studies that link commercial success to a design-driven approach.
So, what are we to do? Other learned professions such as medicine, law, and business provide excellent advice and guidance embedded within their own histories of professionalization. In this article, we borrow from their experiences to recommend a course of action for design. It will not be easy: it will require a study group to make recommendations for a roster of design and educational practices that schools can use to build a curriculum that matches their goals and abilities. And then it will require a conscious effort to bootstrap the design profession toward both a robust practitioner community and an effective professoriate, capable together of fully realizing the value of design in the 21st century. In this article, we lay out that path.
As two-dimensional materials with a high specific surface area, strength, and electrical and thermal conductivity, graphene (Gr) and its derivatives have great application prospects in various fields such as structural reinforcement, energy storage, optics, and electrical and thermal conductivity. However, the current preparation method of Gr is complicated and expensive. Its preparation cost can be reduced using Gr composites that include inorganic materials or other polymers. Composite materials comprising Gr and inorganic materials are generally prepared using sinter molding, chemical reduction, or chemical deposition. Gr should be able to mitigate several of the defects resulting from inorganic materials, including their poor toughness, small specific capacity, and low photoelectric conversion rate. The mitigation of these defects should result in the expansion of the applications of Gr composites for use in capacitors, catalysts, and sensors, among other devices. Although solution blending or in situ polymerization produces a relatively good mixing effect, in general, melt blending is used in the large-scale processing of Gr composites with polymer materials. Gr can be used to partially mitigate several weaknesses of polymer materials, including their low strength, poor electrical and thermal conductivities, and poor isolation performance, and expand the applications of Gr composites for use in electrical and thermal conductive materials and functional membrane materials, among other applications. The goal of the present paper is to introduce the structural properties of Gr and a surface modification method for Gr. In addition, the preparation methods and application fields of different Gr composite materials are reviewed. Finally, the development prospects and key issues are discussed.
Economical and efficient energy storage in general, and battery technology, in particular, are as imperative as humanity transitions to a renewable energy economy. Rare and/or expensive battery materials are unsuitable for widespread practical application, and an alternative has to be found for the currently prevalent lithium-ion battery technology. In this review article, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of battery materials from a perspective that focuses on the renewable energy market pull. We provide an overview of the most common materials classes and a guideline for practitioners and researchers for the choice of sustainable and promising future materials. In addition, we also discussed the best practice for battery performance testing and reporting.
This paper investigates the potential role of AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology in the design of future-oriented interdisciplinary exhibitions for science and technology museums. With AI leading technological advancements in the field, this paper explores how AI can not only be the subject of exhibitions but also support the design of exhibits. Drawing on applied design experience from an ongoing science museum project in China, central questions for designers and researchers working with AI-based techniques is whether and how such tools can support original design outcomes: Are ideas developed by designers before using AI tools or in the process of AI generation? Can skilled use of AI allow designers to set aside more time for creative ideas, thus enhancing their productivity? We describe in detail the process of exhibition design from the perspective of the exhibit designer, and focus on the dynamics of AI-supported design processes, where schemes are quickly iterated until suitable results are produced for final selection. Finally, we discuss how we have employed the potentials and addressed challenges introduced by creative AI use in our work.
The complex chemical composition and material interactions of lithium-ion batteries challenge the in-depth understanding of thermal runaway reactions and failure mechanisms. In this study, detailed analysis and implementation have been made from three levels to further explain the thermal failure mechanism, from material interactions to cell-level experiments and applications. The LiFePO4 thermal runaway mechanism is put forward to characterize exothermic peaks from differential analysis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) data. Furthermore, the development, parameterization, and application of the thermal runaway prediction model are also discussed. Multi-heating rate data is a prerequisite to kinetic analysis and modeling work and provides valuable data set for LiFePO4 thermal failure. And the unraveled mechanism is believed to provide a profound understanding of the thermal failure mechanism, strengthening interactions between material characterization and thermal runaway modeling.
As an important pattern of scientific research, interdisciplinary collaboration is universally encouraged by science and technology policy makers. However, it remains a question whether interdisciplinary collaboration research is more disruptive than monodisciplinary research. To address this research question in this study, interdisciplinary collaboration is measured as whether the authors of a paper are from at least two disciplines, and the degree of “disruptive” is measured by the Disruption index proposed by Funk & Owen‐Smith (2017). By using articles published in six journals from 1978 to 2019 in the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) database, we constructed an OLS regression model with journal fixed effect and time fixed effect to analyze the influence of interdisciplinary collaboration on the Disruption values with different citation windows. The findings show that interdisciplinary collaboration research is less disruptive than monodisciplinary research.
Central to positive learning outcomes for students with disabilities is the ability of the individualized education program (IEP) team to work collaboratively. Within the IEP team, effective service delivery involves direct and related service providers working in an interdisciplinary capacity as they share professional responsibilities to implement the student’s program and achieve the common goal of improved student outcomes. With support from the literature, this paper discusses the core components of Bronstein’s Interdisciplinary Collaboration Model (2003); and elucidates how professionals share their content knowledge and technical skills with each other, collaborate in instructional design, and gain a firm understanding of each other’s discipline in practice. Practical applications that promote interdisciplinary collaboration between adapted physical educators, special educators, related service providers, and parents to improve service delivery and learner outcomes are shared.
A systematic literature review was conducted to condense recent contributions on interdisciplinary collaboration for creativity as a strategic approach to aim innovation. Sixty-one documents from the period of the last five years were selected from Scopus. Findings were analyzed to identify what has currently been investigated about interdisciplinary collaboration in creativity; namely, what types of problems emerge within interdisciplinary collaboration and what elements are important to consider regarding interdisciplinary collaboration to foster creativity. A rising tendency for research in interdisciplinary groups and creativity was detected. Results of the studied texts include working definitions, knowledge domain aggrupations, highlights on organizational, educational and research fields and arguments that enhance creativity in the individual, collective and environmental dimensions. Their practical implications for management and theoretical models are also identified. This review integrates studied ideas with a proposition of a more detailed definition of creative interdisciplinary collaboration in the given framework.
This paper presents a theoretical framework in which fundamental exhibition factors were defined, communicative relationship between humans and exhibitions was presented, and a systematic literature review was conducted through a tool-supported method. There have been 59 exhibition design factors (EDFs), 18 audience experience factors (AEFs), and 14 behavior data (BD) that were explored, and a framework of HEI (human-exhibition interaction) was described. Quantitative analysis and exploratory method were refined using analytic software such as NVivo and EndNote, and total 1467 documents were extracted from EDFs while 270 focusing on AEFs and 162 on BD. The structured review addresses the issue lacking a clear introduction to the term HEI in prior literature. It describes the dynamic HEI framework for designing exhibitions at both concept and application level, which connects humans and exhibitions with EDFs, AEFs, and BD. These results have implications for introduction, development, and execution of exhibition design and management.
A visitor’s review of Manchester’s graphene exhibition - Volume 42 Issue 9 - Tal Fox