Rules of Persuasive Text in Banners and Posters Implemented in Learning Indonesian Class VIII Junior High School

Full text

Rules of Persuasive Text in Banners and Posters
Implemented in Learning Indonesian Class VIII Junior
High School
Munika Nendriyani1, Rifa Dwi Hamidah1, Isnaini Nurjanah1
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: a310200166@student.ums.ac.id
Abstract. This study aims to a) Know the data that contains polite persuasive words, b) Know the
arrangement of polite persuasive text patterns, and c) Know the implementation of persuasive text on
banners and posters in class VIII Indonesian language learning. The method used in this research is
descriptive qualitative method. Sources of data obtained are from banners and posters which have the
meaning of persuasive perlocutionary speech acts. The technique of analyzing the data taken is the
technique of observing and noting. Namely observing the various posters and banners along Jalan Slamet
Riyadi and noting the posters and banners which have meaning perlocutionary speech acts and contain
persuasive text. The results showed that 1) there were 14 banners and posters containing polite persuasive
words that were found and analyzed by researchers, 2) The correct pattern of persuasive text was prepared
by: a) determining the topic and purpose of the persuasive text, b) making an outline persuasive texts, c)
collect material for persuasive texts, d) draw conclusions from persuasive texts, and e) close persuasive
texts. 3) Implementation of persuasive text on banners and posters in learning Indonesian is integrated into
teaching materials for grade 8 junior high school, namely advertising text material, slogans/banners, and
posters.
Keywords: persuasive, banner, poster, learning
INTRODUCTION
In the current era of globalization, there are various methods employed to promote or
introduce products to the general public [1]. The advancement of technology in this age has
brought sophistication to advertising, such as banners and posters that are disseminated through
billboards placed along the highways [2]. Posters are graphic media that contain text and images
or illustrations and are affixed or pasted on walls [3]. Posters can also serve as a campaign tool,
strategically placed on walls or other prominent locations to capture the attention of the target
audience and convey the intended message [4].
Banners, as one of the advertising media, consist of visual elements (illustrations created by
hand or photos) combined with written elements (letters, words, and sentences) arranged to attract
or captivate readers [5]. In advertising, the mutual influence between words and images always
leaves an impression, as illustrations and headlines in advertisements are studied as interconnected
elements [6]. As stated by Sari et al., banners are promotional media consisting of stretched fabric
containing slogans, propaganda, or information that needs to be known by the public [7]. For
© The Author(s) 2024
https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-226-2_13
H. J. Prayitno et al. (eds.),
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Education for All (ICEDUALL 2023),
Humanities Research 822,
Advances in Social Science, Education and

example, there are banners along Jalan Siliwangi, Kuningan Regency. The benefits of banners are
very diverse, including that they are not just for looking at; banners can influence the product
image of a company, institution, or agency, increase the trust of many people, especially
consumers, in a product or business, remind the general public about the product or company, and
create or build loyalty. the general public or consumers of a business [8]. High-quality banners
require high creativity, as the choice of words must be appropriate and able to capture the
audience's attention, making it easy to remember [9].
From an educational perspective, the teaching of the Indonesian language in eighth-grade
classes can utilize banners and posters as teaching tools, especially for persuasive texts
incorporated into banners and posters. These educational resources are systematically compiled
materials in accordance with relevant curricula [10]. Media such as banners and posters have
significant potential to influence the teaching and learning process within a classroom environment
[11]. These educational resources have the power to spark curiosity and motivation in students,
providing the necessary stimulation for teaching and learning, and impacting their psychological
well-being [12]. Teachers can create more engaging and dynamic learning experiences by using
banners and posters as teaching tools [13], [14]. Students will find it easier to understand
persuasive prose ideas and practice them in an authentic atmosphere using these visual aids.
Furthermore, the use of educational materials such as banners and posters can help students
sharpen their analytical and critical visual skills [15]. Their understanding of the Indonesian
language increases, contributing to the development of visual literacy, which is becoming
increasingly important in the digital era. Therefore, there is a greater potential to enhance the
standards of Indonesian language teaching at the eighth-grade level when banners and posters are
used as teaching tools.
Indonesian language learning includes text-based learning. Text is a complete expression of
human thoughts that includes situations and contexts as a realization of value and norm systems
based on noble characters [16]. Text-based Indonesian language learning with persuasive text
content in eighth-grade junior high school, as stated by Hasibuan and Tarigan [17] indicates that
persuasive text is one type of text that contains invitations or presents persuasive elements,
encouraging or persuading readers to follow the writer's instructions. According to Pane et al.,
writing persuasive text involves paragraphs inviting, advising, persuading, or suggesting to
readers, with persuasion emphasizing the reader's emotions or feelings [18], One characteristic of
persuasive paragraphs is the use of words that are invitations/suggestions such as "let's" or "come
on," which in persuasive texts can convince readers with proper arguments or reasons [19], [20].
According to Al-Adeimi and O'Connor [21] persuasive paragraphs aim to make readers believe,
trust, and be persuaded by communicated things, which may include facts, general opinions,
opinions, or someone's feelings.
Research on pragmatic politeness in Indonesian language teaching materials has been
conducted by Suhartono [22] with the title "Integration of Politeness Material into the Core
Competencies of Indonesian Language Subjects: A Pragmatic Review." The research results show
that Core Competencies III (knowledge domain) and Core Competencies IV (skill domain) have
the potential to be integrated with polite materials. The presence of the word "polite" in the Core
Competencies brings consequences that the word "polite" is included in several learning
objectives, polite material is developed explicitly in textbooks and taught in classroom learning,
and language proficiency in politeness is part of the assessment criteria.
Rosmiati and Noviati [23] conducted research on pragmatic language politeness in a poster
titled "Point of Interest in Covid 19 Handling Posters in Indonesia." The research, published in the
Rules of Persuasive Text in Banners and Posters Implemented 133

Acintya journal, found that in the educational poster for handling COVID-19, politeness principles
were found to be moral and social. Speech acts in this poster were made with concise and attractive
language. Points of interest were also presented in the form of words and pictures that supported
the sentences in the poster. Points of interest in sentences became an attraction to educate the public
about the still prevalent spread of the coronavirus. This poster aims to provide education to the
general public about preventing the spread of the virus and living a healthy life. The research
benefits include theoretical and practical benefits.
Theoretical benefits: The research results are expected to be a reference for developing
knowledge about the use and structuring patterns of persuasive text on banners and posters as
teaching materials for eighth-grade Indonesian language classes. Practical benefits: The research
results are expected to serve as a reference for society, reflecting guidelines for creating banners
and posters in the future, with correct language and structural patterns. For researchers, it serves
as a guide for other researchers to conduct data analysis in the future, aiming to provide maximum
results in the implementation of persuasive text research in banner and poster advertising. For
educators, it serves as a guide for teaching persuasive text in the Indonesian language, conducted
in the classroom, to achieve satisfactory results for both educators and students.
METHOD
The method employed in this research is qualitative descriptive method. Qualitative approach
strongly emphasizes the acquisition of original data or data from natural conditions [24]–[26]. The
data used are based on banners and posters along Slamet Riyadi street. The data source is obtained
from banners and posters that convey perlocutionary persuasive speech acts. The theory utilized is
Austin's theory[27], [28]. According to Austin's theory, verbs used for persuasion are considered
speech acts. Persuasive speech acts fall under perlocution. As known, speech acts consist of
locution, illocution, and perlocution. Persuasion falls under perlocution. The data analysis
technique employed is the observe and record technique. This involves observing various posters
and banners along Slamet Riyadi street and noting down posters and banners that convey
perlocutionary persuasive speech acts and contain persuasive text.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Analysis of Polite Persuasive Texts in Banners and Posters
To obtain maximum results, data analysis was conducted based on observations along Slamet
Riyadi Street. The analysis revealed the presence of polite persuasive texts in banners and posters.
Tabl e 1. Data Analysis
Data
Description
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "melayani" ("to
serve") which is persuasive in nature. This
sentence aims to invite/capture the reader's
attention to come.
134 M. Nendriyani et al.

Data
Description
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there are the phrases "mulai" ("start") and
"ditutup" ("closed") which are instructive. These
sentences aim to inform road users not to pass
through that lane.
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "Bertumbuh berkreasi
peduli!" ("Grow, be creative, care!") which is
inspirational, aiming to encourage individuals to
grow creatively with their expertise in education.
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "Tambah tinggi badan
1-6 cm terbukti!" ("Increase height by 1-6 cm
proven!") which implies that it has been proven
through a treatment method and is intended to
help increase height for those who are not tall
enough.
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "Tambal ban press &
tubles" ("Puncture repair & tire service") which
informs with the intention to provide press and
tubeless tire repair services.
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "Melayani umum"
("Serving the public") which indicates readiness
to serve and can serve various online purchases
and payments for items in the store.
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "juaranya penyetan
dan ayam kuah pedas" ("champion of smashed
dishes and spicy chicken") which informs with
the aim of letting people know that the eatery
offers a variety of smashed dishes and spicy
chicken.
Rules of Persuasive Text in Banners and Posters Implemented 135

Data
Description
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because it includes the phrase "dilarang!!!"
("prohibited!!!") which is a prohibition with the
intention of urging not to litter to avoid polluting
the area
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "hidup sehat tanpa
narkoba" ("live healthy without drugs") which is
an invitation or advisory, aiming to promote a
healthy lifestyle by avoiding the use or
consumption of drugs.
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "hindari parkir
kendaraan disembarang tempat" ("avoid parking
vehicles anywhere") which serves as a warning
and advisory, aiming to prevent parking vehicles
in random places to avoid theft.
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "jangan ngebut!"
("don't speed!") which is a warning with the
intention of advising against driving at high
speeds to ensure safety while driving. menjaga
keselamatan Ketika berkendara.
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because it includes the phrase "masuk polri tidak
di pungut biaya!" ("entering the police force is
free!") which is informative, providing clear
information that joining the police force is free
and cautioning against falling victim to
irresponsible individuals.
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "harap tenang!"
("please calm down!") which is a warning,
providing information to stay calm as there is an
exam in progress.
136 M. Nendriyani et al.

Data
Description
The banner contains persuasive sentences
because there is the phrase "awas!" ("beware!")
which serves as a warning, intending to inform
drivers about a sharp turn and urging them to be
cautious.
The examined advertising texts demonstrate various styles of persuasive sentences used for
various purposes. Examples of sentences intended to persuade and invite readers include
"melayani" ("serve"), intended to attract the reader's attention. However, the terms "buka" ("open")
and "tutup" ("close") are used to give directions and warn other drivers not to pass through that
lane. Additionally, there are other expressions offering positive motivation, such as "Tumbuh,
kreatif, peduli!" ("Grow, be creative, care!"), encouraging individuals to develop and be
imaginative in their educational efforts. Furthermore, some advertisements use strong language to
convey requests or warnings, such as "dilarang!!!" ("prohibited!!!") to prevent littering. All of
these illustrate various persuasive strategies used in advertising. Conversely, persuasive sentences
like "jangan ngebut!" ("don't speed!") and "hidup sehat tanpa narkoba" ("live healthy without
drugs") attempt to provide advice and safety-oriented warnings. Sentences also aim to prevent
fraud, such as "Gabung di Polri tidak dipungut biaya!" ("Joining the Police is free!"), convey
unambiguous information. Additionally, terms like "awas!" ("beware!") and "tolong tenang!"
("please calm down!") are used to ensure safety and issue warnings in examination environments.
Overall, these advertising texts effectively use various persuasive sentence structures in line with
the intended message, eliciting the desired response from readers and enhancing the impact of the
conveyed message.
Crafting Persuasive Text Patterns Correctly
In composing persuasive texts, specific steps are necessary to avoid errors in meaning or
content in the persuasive text to be used. The steps for creating correct persuasive texts according
to Awalludin [29] are: 1) determining the topic and purpose in the persuasive text. In persuasive
texts, the writing purpose can be stated directly. 2) creating the framework of the persuasive text
composition; the framework is needed to make the arrangement of the writing systematic and
logical. The appropriate discussion arrangement for this text is a logical sequence with cause and
effect. This way, readers or observers are immediately confronted with the issue being discussed.
3) collecting materials for persuasive texts; materials can be obtained through observation
activities, interviews, and distributing questionnaires to respondents. 4) drawing conclusions from
persuasive texts; drawing conclusions from persuasive paragraphs must be done correctly. 5)
concluding the persuasive text; in this section, the author will convey the essence and purpose of
the facts presented in the paragraph. The characteristics of persuasive texts according to Pebrinda
et al., [30] are 1) persuasive arises from the belief that human thoughts can be changed. 2) it must
instill trust in readers. 3) persuasive must be able to create agreement or adjustment through trust
between the writer and the reader. 4) persuasive must avoid conflict as much as possible so that
trust is not lost. 5) persuasive requires facts and data.
Rules of Persuasive Text in Banners and Posters Implemented 137

Implementation of Persuasive Text in Banners and Posters in Indonesian Language
Learning for Eighth Grade
The analysis results in this study, as mentioned earlier regarding persuasive perlocutionary
data from banners and posters, can be used as one of the teaching materials for Indonesian language
learning, especially in the eighth grade of junior high school. Teaching materials are a set of
systematically organized materials, whether written or not, creating an environment or atmosphere
that allows students to learn [31]. Banners and posters fall into the category of persuasive texts
integrated into teaching materials for seventh-grade junior high school, specifically in the materials
on advertising texts, slogans/banners, and posters.
The internalized persuasive texts in the data from banners and posters in Table 1 contain
positive invitations/advice that can be used as learning material in everyday life. The recorded
banners and posters include community service and public/commercial services. Therefore, the
invitations in banners and posters contain language politeness, and their content includes
invitations to things that are beneficial for students.
The role of the teacher as an educator and the student as a learner must go hand in hand,
especially considering the student's role, given that national education now uses a liberated
curriculum that focuses on a student-centered approach, meaning students are at the center and
focus of learning, in addition to being collaborative and communicative. Teachers can stimulate
students' interest in interesting banners and posters that convey positive and persuasive
perlocutionary messages, as exemplified by the data mentioned above. This responsive student
activity can be used as an initial step to guide students to be independent and critical.
CONCLUSION
Indonesian language learning involves text-based learning. Text is a complete expression of
human thoughts that includes situations and contexts as a realization of value and norms as well
as being based on noble characters. To ensure that the persuasive language used has no errors in
meaning or content, it needs to be well-prepared. This procedure includes selecting the subject and
purpose, outlining, gathering information, drawing conclusions, and concluding the persuasive
essay. Persuasive writing also has the ability to change the reader's perspective, foster consensus,
build trust, avoid confrontation, and is supported by evidence and facts. The application of
persuasive text analysis in the Indonesian language curriculum for eighth grade highlights the
importance of these skills. Analysis findings show the practicality of using banners and posters
with convincing perlocutionary features as learning tools in everyday life. This content helps
students understand the practical application of persuasive writing, especially in public and private
sector services, as well as community service arrangements. Instructors play a crucial role in
sparking students' curiosity about banner and poster data so that they can actively engage in the
learning process and apply critical thinking skills. Therefore, persuasive literature can help eighth-
grade Indonesian language learners become more proficient communicators and critical thinkers.
From the data analysis, numerous persuasive texts containing language politeness in banners and
posters were generated. These analysis results will then serve as the basis for teaching materials
for eighth-grade Indonesian language.
138 M. Nendriyani et al.

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Rules of Persuasive Text in Banners and Posters Implemented 141