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Magnetic, Biocompatible and Biodegradable
Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Hydrogel for Cationic Dye
Adsorption
Mehran Kurdtabar,*[a] Fatemeh Akhlaghi,[a] Gholam Bagheri Marandi,[a]
Mahdi Taghvay Nakhjiri,[a] and Mohammad Hasan Zargazi[a]
Ensuring the availability of water resources that are both clean
and safe is crucial for the preservation of environmental health
and the well-being of humans. Here, we fabricated carbox-
ymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel nanocomposite using acrylic
acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfuric acid
(AMPS) monomers and Fe3O4nanoparticles through a free
radical crosslinking process for adsorption of dyes from
contaminated water. The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel
was characterized using various techniques, including TEM,
XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, TGA, and AFM analysis. The swelling
capacity of samples in an aqueous medium at multiple pH
levels and the presence of different salts were investigated. The
adsorption efficiency of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet
(CV), emphasizing the effect of hydrogel concentration and the
medium’s pH, was studied. It was concluded that the hydrogel
sample containing 17% AMPS and 51 % AA had better swelling
capacity and dye removal efficiency. The dye adsorption
kinetics data were fitted to pseudo-first and second-order
kinetic models and the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models.
The maximum adsorption capacity for MB and CV was 53.97
and 53.57 mg/g, respectively. It was revealed that the pseudo-
second-order kinetic model could best describe adsorption
(qe=79.2 mg/g for MB and qe=65.8 mg/g for CV). The intra-
particle diffusion model was found to be the rate-limiting
mechanism of dye adsorption. Thermodynamic studies pro-
posed that the adsorption of MB and CV was spontaneous and
endothermic. Additionally, magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel‘s
reusability up to four successive cycles further determines its
probability of adsorption of dyes from wastewater.
Introduction
Many industries produce toxic effluents due to the presence of
synthetic organic dyes, such as cosmetics, petroleum, printing,
dyeing, and textile production.[1–3] Human and environmental
health can be adversely affected by these substances due to
their nonbiodegradability, carcinogenic effects, and solubility.[4]
Therefore, the importance of efficiently removing toxic dyes
from industrial wastewater through a cost-effective and envi-
ronmentally friendly technique has increased both from the
toxicological and ecological points of view.[5] Among the various
methods for removing dyes, for instance, coagulation and
clotting, adsorption and oxidation, membrane separation, and
ozonation, the adsorption system has proven to be an
inexpensive and potentially actual technique to eliminate many
contaminants.[6–8]
Hydrogels are water-swellable polymers that can absorb
and retain significant amounts of water or other aqueous media
without dissolving.[9] These materials can be used in many
sectors, such as drug delivery,[10,11] health[12] and beauty care
products,[13] wastewater treatments,[14] and farming due to their
response to external stimuli such as pH, temperature and ionic
strength.[15] There have been many attempts to develop hydro-
gels as polymeric-based adsorbents to remove dyes from
industrial effluents.[16] Therefore, there is an increasing interest
in natural-based hydrogels as an ideal adsorption material due
to their non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.[17,18]
To overcome the limitations regarding applying natural-based
adsorbents, such as poor mechanical stability, low surface areas,
and poor hydrodynamic volumes, these hydrogels are usually
synthesized by graft copolymerization of hydrophilic vinylic
monomers onto their main natural backbone.[19] By grafting,
hydrogels could cover many nonionic or ionic functional groups
such as hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid in
their structure that could help them to adsorb ionic dyes from
wastewater.[20] Synthetic dyes in polluted water can be
effectively removed by these hydrogels, which exhibit high
adsorption and recovery rates, multiple regeneration cycles,
and pH-dependent behavior.[20] One of the polysaccharides
widely used in the preparation of natural-based hydrogels is
carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).[21,22] CMC is a water-soluble
anionic and semi-synthetic cellulose derivative produced by
partially substituting the hydroxyl groups of D-glucose units
with carboxymethyl groups. Environmentally friendly CMC-
based hydrogels can be considered perfect materials thanks to
Low cost and high water content.[23] There have been many
attempts to develop polymeric-based adsorbents to remove
dyes from industrial effluents. However, due to their cost and
[a] M. Kurdtabar, F. Akhlaghi, G. B. Marandi, M. T. Nakhjiri, M. Hasan Zargazi
Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box:
31485–313 Karaj, Iran
Tel:
+
982634182315,
E-mail: m.kurdtabar@kiau.ac.ir
Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under
https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202303594
Wiley VCH Dienstag, 16.04.2024
2415 / 349297 [S. 426/442] 1
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Research Article
doi.org/10.1002/slct.202303594