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Unlocking Community Engagement in REDD+ Initiatives: Insights from a Case Study in the Amazon

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Castro Gomes
Castro Gomes
Castro Gomes
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luis fernando cardoso Cardoso at Federal University of Para
luis fernando cardoso Cardoso
Rosa Cardoso
Rosa Cardoso
Rosa Cardoso
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Antônio Cabral
Antônio Cabral
Antônio Cabral
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Abstract

The literature on national plans to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) shows that the stakeholders present in the territory, especially the communities, are the focus of these actions. The article questions the level of community engagement in a proposed REDD+ project in the Amazon by private companies, with the aim of analyzing the socioeconomic and environmental aspects of community residents. The theoretical framework integrates stakeholder theory and community participation theory to support the analysis of the level of engagement. 338 small rural producers were chosen from among the residents of 23 communities in four municipalities in the state of Pará. The sociodemographic characteristics were collected and structured in tables and graphs. The results reveal that the communities are socially disjointed, with problems defining property rights and access to government goods and services, which makes it difficult to achieve the benefits declared by the REDD+ project.
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© 2024. Sérgio Castro Gomes, Luis Fernando Cardoso e Cardoso, Eugênia Rosa Cabral, Antônio Cordeiro de Santana, Keila
Regina Mota Negrão & Pablo Queiroz Bahia. This research/review article is distributed under the terms of the Attribution-
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Unlocking Community Engagement in REDD+ Initiatives: Insights
from a Case Study in the Amazon
By Sérgio Castro Gomes, Luis Fernando Cardoso e Cardoso, Eugênia Rosa Cabral,
Antônio Cordeiro de Santana, Keila Regina Mota Negrão & Pablo Queiroz Bahia
University of the Amazon
Abstract- The literature on national plans to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
(REDD+) shows that the stakeholders present in the territory, especially the communities, are the focus of
these actions. The article questions the level of community engagement in a proposed REDD+ project in
the Amazon by private companies, with the aim of analyzing the socio-economic and environmental
aspects of community residents. The theoretical framework integrates stakeholder theory and community
participation theory to support the analysis of the level of engagement. 338 small rural producers were
chosen from among the residents of 23 communities in four municipalities in the state of Pará. The
sociodemographic characteristics were collected and structured in tables and graphs. The results reveal
that the communities are socially disjointed, with problems defining property rights and access to
government goods and services, which makes it difficult to achieve the benefits declared by the REDD+
project.
Keywords: community participation; socio-economic and environmental conditions; social organisation;
greenhouse gas emissions.
GJHSS-B Classification: LCC Code: GE300-350
UnlockingCommunityEngagementinREDD+InitiativesInsightsfromaCaseStudyintheAmazon
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: B
Geography, Geo-Sciences, Environmental Science & Disaster
Management
Volume 24Issue 2Version 1.0 Year 2024
Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
Publisher: Global Journals
Online ISSN: 2249-460x &Print ISSN: 0975-587X
Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:
... , according toFerreira et al. (2016),Purba (2019),Jezeer and Paisiecznik(2019),Mulyasari et al. (2019),Ferreira and Santana (2020),Masure et al. (2023), Eggen et al. (2024 andGomes et al. (2024), due to asymmetry of information, low level of formal education and technical expertise on palm oil, there is discontent of family producers with the knowledge about the constraints contained in the contracts, disadvantages in relation to the activities occupied before integration, greater dedication of time in the crop, high use of agrotoxics, as well as worldwide conflicts, according toDell' Angelo et al. (2021), Saavedra (2023 andOliveita et al. (2023). In these conflicts, the dispute for land is present in the process of transition of areas from common to occupation with the palm oil of large companies and with direct and indirect impact, according toSantana et al. (2024) andEggen et al. (2024), in the deforestation of the amazon forest. ...
... , according toFerreira et al. (2016),Purba (2019),Jezeer and Paisiecznik(2019),Mulyasari et al. (2019),Ferreira and Santana (2020),Masure et al. (2023), Eggen et al. (2024 andGomes et al. (2024), due to asymmetry of information, low level of formal education and technical expertise on palm oil, there is discontent of family producers with the knowledge about the constraints contained in the contracts, disadvantages in relation to the activities occupied before integration, greater dedication of time in the crop, high use of agrotoxics, as well as worldwide conflicts, according toDell' Angelo et al. (2021), Saavedra (2023 andOliveita et al. (2023). In these conflicts, the dispute for land is present in the process of transition of areas from common to occupation with the palm oil of large companies and with direct and indirect impact, according toSantana et al. (2024) andEggen et al. (2024), in the deforestation of the amazon forest. ...
Yield of Bunches of Fresh Oil Palm Fruits (Elaeis Guineenses JACQ.) Grown in Pará: Barrier to Illegal Transport
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2024
Objective: The goal of this study was to generate technical and scientific information to support the inspection of transportation of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm in the state of Pará and to estimate the average yield curve (AYC) of FFB of varieties of oil palm cultivated in the municipalities of Pará. Theoretical framework: Theories about limited rationality and asymmetric information was applied to production and commercialization negotiations of FFB oil palm in the state of Pará. Econometric modelling and statistical tests were used to estimate the AY curve and to compare the sample averages among the business production, family farming, and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Results and conclusion: The maximum AY of FFB oil palm were estimated for the state of Pará, Brazil (16.27 ± 1.46 t/ha), and to the most productive variety, Compacta-Nigeria (23.86 ± 2.24 t/ha). It was evident that AY of FFB for the Family farmers (average 22.63 ± 3.17 t/ha) was higher than that obtained by companies (average of 17.10 ± 4.05 t/ha) and that reported by IBGE (average of 15.98 ± 1.25 t/ha). The IBGE data are not different or superior to those of companies. Research implications: The study estimated the FFB oil palm AY curve by variety cultivated in the state of Pará to enable the traceability of FFB oil palm production and transportation. It validates IBGE data as a mechanism for monitoring the transit of CFF. Originality/value: The CFF yield curve adds unprecedented scientific knowledge to support the traceability of oil palm production. The data provided by this research contributes to reduce the information asymmetry, and to improve the efficiency of chain Governance.
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... This yield, although higher than the 483 kg/ha in Brazil and 326 kg/ha in Bahia, lost share in harvested area and also a variation of -10.37% in yield compared to 2022 (IBGE, 2024). In the perspective of the productive restructuring of the Trans-Amazonian cocoa hub, following the trend of other producing countries, farmers are advancing in the use of more productive, inclusive and sustainable good practices, which contemplate the objectives of sustainable development of generating income, employment, reducing poverty and food insecurity and contributing to avoiding deforestation and impacts on climate change ( Kroeger et al. , 2017;Santana, 2018;Musure et al. , 2023;Krumbiegel & Tillie , 2024, Santana et al. , 2024a, with emphasis on carbon sequestration and recovery of degraded areas (Santana et al. , 2024b;Zugaib , 2023;Gomes et al. , 2024). ...
Identification and Use of Latent Variables in the Analysis of The Effects of Certification on Cocoa Farms in the Transamazon
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2025
Objective: The goal of this research was to identify and to analyze the effects of certifications on the value-adding in all links of cocoa supply chain, with special focus on the productive efficiency, training and inclusion of human capital, and the use of good sustainable practices. Theoretical framework: We applied the Inclusive and Sustainable Value Chain concept and the Reverse Asymmetric Information theory in the analysis of certification, premium pricing formation and the management of cocoa farms in the Trans-Amazonian region. Exploratory Factorial Analysis (EFA) was used to identify the latent factors or variables associated with the effect of certification to improve the life quality of cocoa producers. Results and conclusion: Female management of the farms was 20%, which was consistent with the reality of family farming in the state of Pará. The EFA identified four latent variables, which explained 77.059% of the total variance of the data. To explain the reality of the certified cocoa farms of Transamazon region, the latent variables Productive Efficiency, Human Capital Formation, Certification Power and Certified Farm contributed to 22.054%, 21.63%, 17.03% and 16.35% respectively. It is concluded that certification improved productive efficiency and human capital formation in the activity but was unable to prevent deforestation. Research implications: The effects of certification on the cocoa farms analyzed have led to progresses in human capital formation and productive efficiency through good crop management practices and improvements in working conditions. However, limitations on livelihoods, labor recruitment, access to credit, and reduction of deforestation remain. Premium pricing is the variable that must be adjusted to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of certification in differentiating products and inserting them into global food chains. Originality/value: According to 68% of respondents, the premium pricing paid for cocoa does not compensate all social opportunity costs and ecosystem services of the standing forest, which limits the effectiveness of certification in meeting the needs and well-being of producers, the preservation of biodiversity and greenhouse gas emissions.
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