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Comparative morphoanatomic and histochemical characterization of Cucurbita pepo L. specimens microanalysis of Cucurbita pepo L. specimens
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Cucurbitacin B (CuB) is a widely available triterpenoid molecule that exhibits various biological activities. Previous studies on the anti-tumour mechanism of CuB have mostly focused on cell apoptosis, and research on the ferroptosis-inducing effect has rarely been reported. Herein, we first discovered the excellent cytotoxicity of CuB towards human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and elucidated its potential ferroptosis-inducing mechanisms. Morphology alterations of mitochondrial ultrastructure, as observed via transmission electron microscopy, showed that CuB-treated cells undergo ferroptosis. CuB caused intracellular accumulation of iron ions and depletion of glutathione. Detailed molecular mechanism investigation confirmed that CuB both induced widespread lipid peroxidation and downregulated the expression of GPX4, ultimately initiating a multipronged mechanism of ferroptosis. Furthermore, CuB exhibited anti-tumour effects in vitro by inhibiting cellular microtubule polymerization, arresting cell cycle and suppressing migration and invasion. Finally, CuB significantly inhibited tumour progression without causing obvious side effects in vivo. Altogether, our study highlighted the therapeutic potential of CuB as a ferroptosis-inducing agent for nasopharyngeal cancer, and it provided valuable insights for developing effective anti-tumour agents with novel molecular mechanisms derived from natural products.
Cucurbita, Cyclanthera y Sicana son géneros
de la familia Cucurbitaceae nativos de
América, sobre los cuales no hay tratamientos
taxonómicos recientes y los estudios
anatómicos son escasos. Cucurbita ficifolia
Bouche, Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam,
Sicana odorífera (Vell.) Naud, y Cyclanthera
pedata (L.) Schrad, crecen preferiblemente en
zonas con temperaturas más frescas que el
resto de las especies de esta familia. Se
estudiaron los tipos de tricomas de hojas de las
cuatro especies, a fin de aportar información
útil para estudios de ubicación taxonómica y
ampliar los conocimientos botánicos de la
familia.
The morphological and anatomical studies of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. from Nigeria was carried out with the view to reporting morphological and anatomical characteristics for the first time. Physical and microscopic (microtomy) observations were used. B. hispida is a monoecious climbing or trailing herb, stem hairy, 5-angled, with suborbicular stipuliform bract at the petiole-base; leaves simple, very hairy on both surface, alternate, blade palmately or ovate in young plant, base cordate. Flowering occurs between April and May. Female flowers solitary, male flowers solitary or in a slender-pedunculate racemes, petals-5, cream, yellow or pale yellow, ovary ellipsoid, ovules many, stigma 3-lobed and stamen 3. Fruits are large, weighs 8.5 - 9.0 kg, succulent, densely hairy when young, with a thick waxy deposit when mature, cylindrical to oblong with hairy stalk. Seeds are ovate-obovate, cream. Leaves and petals of male flower are amphistomatic with anomocytic, tetracytic and anisocytic stomata while petals of the female flower are hypostomatic with anomocytic stomata only on the abaxial surface. It has glandular and non-glandular trichomes with uniseriate stalk, clavate and multicellular gland heads. The midrib, petiole, stem, tendril, male and female flower stalks and tendril have hollow pith with 3, 9, 6-7, 16, 14 and 10 bicollateral vascular bundles respectively. The percentage crude protein, ash, carbohydrate, lipid, crude fibre, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and phytate could account for the numerous medicinal properties.
Studies on morphological, anatomical and proximate characteristics of Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (Cucurbitaceae) was carried out using morphological observation and microtomy in order to determine the relationship between this species and other cucurbits and complement the existing data on the taxon. T. cucumerina is a climber that grows up to 30m tall. The leaves are persistent partly ovate, trilobate to heptalobate, slightly hairy to densely hairy with glandular trichomes and non-glandular trichomes (2-5 celled, with a prominent flattened disk of two rows of cells). Tendril bifid, ovary consists of 3 syncarpous carpels and fruits 23.0-56.4 cm long. The species is hypostomatic with mainly anomocytic and tetracytic stomata and the epidermal cells appeared irregular in shape. Stem, peduncle, and tendril were angled with 5-13 bicollateral vascular bundles in open rings. The petiole and the midrib comprised 1-3 accessory vascular bundles. The sclerenchymatous cells were continuous or non-continuous. The tendril and stem have hollow pith. The similarity in morphological and anatomical features of this species and other members of cucurbits depicts taxonomic and evolutionary relationship among them, however; the type of trichomes we observed suggests that this species could be T. cucumerina var. anguina and not T. cucumerina. Further studies using electron microscope is therefore needed to affirm this finding.
Cucurbita pepo L. is widely used as a vegetable all around the globe. This review aimed at forming a relation between the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and nutritional composition of C. pepo. Traditionally this plant is used in Africa and Asia for the treatment of different diseases including fever, whopping cough, urinary problems, anti-scorbutic, hyperplasia, rheumatism, hemorrhoid, miscarriage, prostate cancer, constipation and blindness. Therapeutically, C. pepo is effective in antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, hypoglycemic (anti diabetic) and hypolipidemic activities. These activities of C. pepo might be due to the existence of certain classes of compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and cucurbitacins glycoside. C. pepo is also rich in nutritional components like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and minerals. Hence, there is need to isolate and characterize active compounds in each class and developing new allopathic drugs with less or no side effects. Moreover, toxicity of this plant with dose dependent manner may also be tested along with measurements to conserve this species.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major example for inflammatory-associated cancer. cucurbitacins are natural triterpenoids known for their potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Recent studies showed that cucurbitacins protect the HepG2 cell lines against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity, however the mechanism is unknown. A molecular docking study coupled with in vitro biological assays were conducted to test the hepatoprotective effect of cucurbitacin on the inhibition of potential inflammatory factors. The effect of cucurbitacins on the activation of NF-kB pathway was analyzed using in cell-based NF-kB immunoassay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed the potential of Cuc D and dihydro cucurbitacin D to prevent the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 from HSC-T6 cells. Thus, Cuc D and dihydro cucurbitacin D could have hepatoprotective effects on the activated rat HSC-T6 cells due to inhibition of the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 through NF-kB pathway. In-silico molecular modeling data revealed potential cucurbitacin analogs with higher binding affinity to the hydrophobic pocket of NF-kB and IKKβ compared to standard IKK inhibitor (PS-1145).
Comparative studies on macro-morphology, foliar epidermis, stem and petiole anatomy of two indigenous wild cucurbits (Zehneria capillacea and Zehneria scabra) in Nigeria were carried out in order to improve the delimitation of the species based on these parameters. The morphological features of significance observed include variations in leaf and stem pubescence density, leaf shape, fruit shape and color, flower color, seed shape and coat texture. Similarities were observed in their growth habit, shape of foliar epidermal cells, stomatal features and stem anatomy. The two species evaluated have a creeping growth habit, uniseriate eglandular trichomes, anomocytic and tetracytic stomata, pentagonal shaped stem with 8 bicollateral vascular bundles. Glandular 4-celled head trichome and isotricytic stoma were only found in Z. capillacea. The leaves of both species are amphistomatic having adaxial and abaxial stomatal densities of 2.47±0.058 and 13.68±0.021 for Z. capillacea and 3.24±0.125 and 19.72±0.199 for Z. scabra. However, the observed petiolar vascular bundle was 5 in Z. capillacea and 7 in Z. scabra. This distinct number in the petiole provides additional distinguishing information for maintaining them as different species.
Comparative anatomy of the fruit stalk and tendril of nine (9) species representing 8 genera of Cucurbits from Nigeria has been carried out to complement the existing taxonomic data on the family. Fresh plant materials from representative members of the genera Zehneria, Luffa, Momordica, Coccinnia, Telfairia, Cucurbita, Lagenaria and Cucumis collected from the wild during field trips to various parts of Nigeria were used for this study. The specimens were wax embedded, sectioned, stained and photographed with Leitz Diaplan photomicroscope fitted with Leica WILD MPS 52 camera. The findings of this study showed that there are similarities and variations in the shape, number and size of vascular bundles, nature of epidermis, layers and nature of sclerenchymatuous, chllenchymatuous and chlorenchymatuous cells in the fruit stalk and tendril could be used to delimit the species of Cucurbitaceae in Nigeria. The variation in number and layers of these tissues among the species studied include vascular bundles (4 – 22 in fruit stalk, 4 – 10 in tendril), sclerenchymatuous cells (1-8 layers in both tendril and fruit stalk), chlorenchymatuous cells (1 – 8 layers in both tendril and fruit stalk) and collenchymatuous cells (1 – 6 layers in friut stalks, 2 – 6 layers in tendrils). Druses and prismatic crystals were observed among the species and the taxonomic implications of these features are discussed and represent the first report on the anatomy of fruit stalk of these cucurbits from Nigeria.
The purpose of this study consisted in the identification of the macroscopic and microscopic characters of the vegetative and reproductive organs of Bryonia alba L., by the analysis of vegetal material, both integral and as powder. Optical microscopy was used to reveal the anatomical structure of the vegetative (root, stem, tendrils, leaves) and reproductive (ovary, male flower petals) organs. Histo-anatomical derails were highlighted by coloration with an original combination of reagents for the double coloration of cellulose and lignin. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and stereomicroscopy led to the elucidation of the structure of Lector and secretory trichomes on the inferior epidermis of the leaf. Micrographic analysis of the powder obtained from aerial parts revealed segments of each organ (e.g. stomata, trichomes) and confirmed furthermore the results obtained by the hisro-anatomical studies. Sections achieved through vegetative organs reveal typical anatomical structures: a transition to the secondary structure for the root, a typical dicotyledons' structure with bicollareral vascular bundles for the stem, a bifacial structure of the leaf and stem-like structures for the tendrils and petioles, which prove they are metamorphosis of the stem. Anatomical structure of reproductive organs was performed hereby for the first time and revealed a typical anatomical structure for the 3-lodged ovary and a leaf-like structure of the male flower petal. Some of the results obtained confirm existing data from the scientific literature and additional information have been provided, outlining features that were not previously reported, such as SEM analysis of the leaf trichomes and histo-anatomical structure of the reproductive organs.
Momordica charantia L. é uma trepadeira pentencente à família Cucurbitaceae e conhecida no Brasil principalmente por melão-de-são-caetano. Na medicina popular, é empregada no tratamento do diabetes, lesões cutâneas, Apresenta propriedades febrífugas, cicatrizante e anti-reumática, sendo utilizada pela população principalmente como antidiabética. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar caracteres morfo-anatômicos de folhas dessa espécie a fim de contribuir para o controle de qualidade farmacognóstico do vegetal. A descrição morfológica foi realizada a vista desarmada e com auxílio de estreomicroscópio. Para a morfodiagnose microscópicas, secções transversais da lâmina e pecíolo e paradérmicas da lâmina foram coradas com fucsina básica e azul de Astra e analisadas em microscópio óptico. As folhas mostraram ser simples, membranáceas e orbiculares. O pecíolo apresentou colênquima angular e feixe vascular bicolateral. A região do limbo tem mesófilo dorsiventral e nervura central de contorno biconvexo com feixes bicolaterais e colaterais. Estruturas secretoras, tricomas tectores e glandulares e drusas de oxalato de cálcio estão presentes nas folhas.
Cucurbitacins which are structurally diverse triterpenes found in the members of Cucurbitaceae and several other plant families possess immense pharmacological potential. This diverse group of compounds may prove to be important lead molecules for future research. Research focused on these unattended medicinal leads from the nature can prove to be of immense significance in generating scientifically validated data with regard to their efficacy and possible role in various diseases. This review is aimed to provide an insight into the chemical nature and medicinal potential of these compounds exploring their proposed mode of action, probable molecular targets and to have an outlook on future directions of their use as medicinal agents.
The genus Citrullus (Cucurbitaceae) consists of four species of desert vines. Two species (Citrullus colocynthis and Citrullus lanatus) are widespread weeds on several continents. Above ground, they can be relatively difficult to distinguish apart. However, Citrullus colocynthis is a perennial with a tuberous taproot, whereas Citrullus lanatus is an annual with a slender taproot. We studied the morphology and anatomy of taproot development to better understand their structural and ecological differences. The annual Citrullus lanatus reached close to its maximum taproot diameter (~3 mm) soon after germination. The vascular cambium formed four relatively broad triangular sectors of fibres in which were embedded relatively large diameter vessels. These sectors were separated by narrower triangular areas of secondary ray parenchyma. In contrast, the taproot diameter of the perennial Citrullus colocynthis continued to increase during the study, reaching ~20 mm after 14 weeks. Most of this substantial root consisted of secondary xylem parenchyma, with a low density of relatively small diameter vessels and few fibres. The remarkable differences in root morphology and anatomy of the studied species of Citrullus are related to differences in their annual and perennial lifecycles. Interestingly, the slender taproots of Citrullus lanatus were calculated to have a similar theoretical hydraulic conductance to that of Citrullus colocynthis (large diameter taproot).
Endress, P. K., Baas, P. & Gregory, M.: Systematic plant morphology and anatomy –50 years of progress. ‐ Taxon 49: 401–434. 2000. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.
Fifty years of comparative and systematic plant morphology and anatomy are reviewed. Thanks to new techniques (TEM, SEM, cinematography, molecular analyses), and new methods and concepts (cladistics, evolutionary paleobotany, molecular systematics and molecular developmental genetics), plant systematics and comparative structural studies saw major progress. The integration of micromorphological with molecular data has led to an increasingly robust phylogeny of the angiosperms. Successes and failures in the premolecular era of phylogenetic classification using morphological and/or anatomical markers only are illustrated with examples. With the new phylogenetic framework, it becomes possible to trace the evolution of characters more accurately than before. Central problems in comparative and systematic structural studies are the meaning of homology and character definition; some aspects have been elucidated but new ones have appeared with the molecular dimension in evolutionary biology. In vegetative anatomy, the integration of ecological and systematic anatomy into “ecophyletic” anatomy has led to a better understanding of the driving forces behind evolutionary diversification of wood and leaf anatomical attributes. However, the intertwining of ecological (extrinsic) and organisational (intrinsic) constraints in the origin of form remains a major challenge for future studies.
The study was aimed at establishing pharmacognostical profile for the tubers of plant Momordica tuberosa Cogn., Cucurbitaceae. Morphoanatomy of tubers of this plant were studied in order to establish its complete profile to aid in its identification and avoid confusion in its taxanomic species. These were established using light microscopy, WHO recommended physicochemical and phytochemical procedures. The parameters presented here may be used to establish the authenticity of tubers of this plant as this part has been used traditionally in India and also to differentiate between closely related Momordica species.
Since secondary metabolites represent a chemical interface between plants and surrounding environment, their syntheses are frequently affected by environmental conditions. Thus, variations in the total content and/or of the relative proportions of secondary metabolites in plants can take place. We review the main environmental factors that can streamline or alter the production or concentration of secondary metabolites in plants. How seasonality, circadian rhythm, developmental stage and age, temperature, water availability, UV radiation, soil nutrients, altitude, atmospheric composition and tissue damage influence secondary metabolism are discussed.
The antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed cucurbits vegetable was determined by the DPPH, FRAP, Fe3+ reducing power, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. The aqueous extract of Luffa cylindrica showed the highest value of phenolic content and antioxidant capacity based on FRAP, Fe3+ reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. However, Laginaria siceraria extract showed highest flavonoid and DPPH scavenging activities among all the three cucurbits used in this study. Phenolic content in aqueous extracts of Luffa cylindrica and Laginaria siceraria was almost equal. Cucurbita maxima exhibited lowest phenolic, flavonoid content and exhibited lowest power of antioxidant scavenging. The antioxidant capacity of cucurbits was significantly correlated (P<0.05) with the phenolic content of their extracts. The antioxidant capacity of Luffa cylindrica and Laginaria siceraria have also shown the significant correlation (P<0.05).
The cucurbitacins are highly oxygenated triterpenoid compounds found in several botanical families that show high toxicity and varied biological activities. This review presents the main cucurbitacins so far isolated and their key structural characteristics. It complements and updates the existing reviews on this subject.
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. tiene un papel importante nutricional y terapéuticamente en la medicina popular, especialmente utilizado como agente hipotensor. Para ampliar la información farmacológica sobre esta especie, este trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio histoanatómico de sus hojas. Se prepararon muestras con secciones transversales y paradérmicas de la hoja para el estudio microscópico. Para el análisis histoquímico, se utilizaron reactivos específicos para los metabolitos objetivo. A través del análisis realizado se identificaron estructuras anatómicas para la correcta identificación de la especie estudiada. La histoquímica mostró la presencia de alcaloides, triterpenos y esteroides, compuestos lipofílicos y lignina. Esta información sobre la localización de los compuestos no tiene precedentes. Así, el trabajo amplía el conocimiento sobre la especie y la familia Cucurbitaceae.
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. plays an important role as for its nutritional and therapeutical use in folk medicine, being especially used as a hypotensive agent. In order to expand the pharmacobotanical information on this species, this work aims to perform the histoanatomical study of its leaves. Samples containing cross-section and paradermic sections of the leaf were prepared for microscopic study. For the histochemical analysis, specific reagents were used, according to the targeted metabolites. Through the performed analysis, it was possible to identify the anatomical structures that confer the correct identification of the studied species. The histochemistry showed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes and steroids, lipophilic compounds and lignin. This information on the localisation of the compounds is unprecedented. Thus, the work expands the knowledge about the species and the family Cucurbitaceae.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is expressed aberrantly in multiple tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). STAT3 overexpression and excessive activation have been confirmed to play vital roles in tumorigenesis. Cucurbitacin B (CuB) is a natural product with potent anti-cancer activities in solid tumors. Here, we systematically studied the underlying molecular mechanisms of CuB inhibition of GC both in vitro and in vivo. In GC cell lines, nanomolar concentrations of CuB decreased the phosphorylation of TYR-705 in STAT3 and suppressed STAT3 target gene expression, including c-Myc and Bcl-xL. Computational docking analysis showed that CuB interacts with the DNA-binding domain of STAT3 at several hydrophobic residues. In addition, pull-down experiments showed that CuB is a direct inhibitor of STAT3. CuB in combination with the conventional chemotherapy drug cisplatin exerted enhanced cytotoxicity in GC cells, possibly due to the potentiated inhibition of STAT3 activation. Moreover, a xenograft mouse model confirmed the therapeutic effect of CuB in vivo. These characteristics render CuB a promising candidate drug for further development in the design of new effective STAT3 inhibitors for treating GC.
Introdução: a semente de abóbora é considerada um subproduto e por muitas vezes é descartada, porém, vem ganhando importância devido a sua rica composição nutricional, além de efeitos anticancerígenos, antihelmínticos, antivirais, antiinflamatórios e antioxidantes. Ademais, é rica em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, os quais são essenciais para o organismo, e em compostos bioativos, como carotenóides, vitaminas do complexo B, vitamina E e compostos fenólicos (principalmente fitoestrógenos). É também uma excelente fonte de fibras, que auxilia no trânsito intestinal e no aporte de ingestão diária. Carboidratos e proteínas também estão presentes na semente e podem auxiliar no aporte calórico. Objetivo: correlacionar diversos artigos já existentes sobre este vegetal e pontuar os principais nutrientes e propriedades funcionais presentes na semente de abóbora. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão de literatura de artigos e teses, publicados entre 1996 e 2019, que abordaram assuntos relacionados à semente de abóbora.
By-products from fruits and vegetables are slices and peels that have been removed or rejected by the food industry and are considered to have low commercial value. Pumpkin peel is a source of carotenoids, minerals, antioxidants and phenolic compounds. This work studied the nutritional value of pumpkin peel flours produced by convective drying (40 °C) and milling. Pumpkin peel flours contained high contents of insoluble fibres (24.46 g/100 g), potassium (19.1 g/kg) and iron (152.5 mg/kg). Carotenoids were extracted using hexane at 40 °C, and flour particles were classified by 35-, 80- and 100-mesh sieves. The total carotenoids content ranged from 216.9 to 306.8 μg/g. Fick’s second law model computed that 215 min was required to extract 99 % of the total carotenoids. This work evidenced the effects of particle size on carotenoids extraction efficiency and demonstrated that pumpkin by-product flour could be used as a food ingredient or natural dye.
Background: Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), is an herbaceous plant used for food and traditional medicine. It presents a proven antidiabetic activity in the literature, being a promising species for the development of phytotherapics. Objective: The objective was performing an anatomical study and characterizing the metabolites in leaves of M. charantia. Materials and Methods: Semipermanent histological slides were prepared for analysis of petiole and leaf blade in optical, polarization and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Maceration and histochemical tests were also performed in the leaf blade. Results: The anatomical characterization revealed information about the type of trichomes, cuticle, vascular bundles and arrangement of the idioblasts and tissues that determine the botanical identity of this species. The histochemistry allowed determining the location of the metabolites and, along with the chemical microanalyses, to identify the type of crystal in the leaf blade. Conclusion: The study described new characters for M. charantia and the results provide support to quality control of the species.
Chromic acid, iodine-potassium iodide and Dragendorff reagent were employed to identify reactive cells that may indicate sites of alkaloid accumulation in fresh tissues and latex of C. roseus. Laticifers in all parts of the mature plant and certain parenchyma cells in the cortex and pith regions accumulated reaction products of these alkaloid indicators. These same cells showed primary fluorescence, accumulated vital dyes and lipid indicators in excess of other cells, and exhibited a more intense nadi reaction than other cells. Tests on fresh tissues are interpreted to indicate possible qualitative and quantitative differences in alkaloid content between subterranean and aerial portions of the plant and between mature and immature tissues. These studies showed that reactive products are unevenly distributed in cells and organs of the plant and can be microscopically detected only in laticifers and specialized parenchyma cells.
Lagenaria breviflora (Benth.) Roberty, a cucurbit, was investigated in respect of its morphology, anatomy and cytology. Morphological studies involved visual observations of the species in the wild. Specimens for anatomical studies were collected from Omuokiri, Aluu in Ikwerre L.G.A. and neighbouring villages in Rivers State, Nigeria. Free-hand sectioning of the foliar and cauline parts as well as epidermal studies were conducted. Fresh roots for mitotic studies were obtained from staminate and pistillate plants in the wild, pre-treated, fixed, hydrolysed and squashed in FLP–orcein. The morphology revealed exhibition of dioecism in the species. Anatomical studies showed 10 and seven bicollateral vascular bundles in the stem and petiole, respectively. Contiguous and giant stomata in the genus are here reported for the first time. Glandular and non-glandular trichomes were also observed on the epidermal peels. Chromosome counts of 2n = 21 and 2n = 22 are here reported in the species for the first time. Prior to this investigation, information on L. breviflora had been meagre and unco-ordinated. This study supplements the available taxonomic information upon which further research and exploitation of the species could be based.
A growing number of studies have revealed that natural molecules own interesting antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties in cell culture as well as in animal models of human diseases such as cancer, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. During the past sixty years, several cucurbitacins have been isolated from a number of cucurbitaceous species, amongst others. Cucurbitacins are triterpenoid compounds originally identify as the bitter components of the Cucurbit family that demonstrated several pro-survival activities in various model of cellular decay. Specifically, Cucurbitacin E (CuE), an oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid, has been investigated in a wider array of bioactivities, mainly immunomodulatory. Recently, CuE has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties mediated by its action on the cellular cytoskeleton, on mitotic pathways as well as on cellular autophagy. Few studies also pinpoint the role of CuE in the nervous system as cytostatic for gliomas and neuroprotective in a model of Parkinson's diseases. This review deals with the use of CuE in various experimental models as one of the most promising therapeutic natural molecules against cancer proliferation, as an immunomudulator and for the prevention of neurodegeneration.
The study was carried out on the histology of two cucurbits Lagenaria scieraria (Mol.) Standl. and Cucumis sativa L. The transverse hypocotyl and epicotyl section shows ridges alternately with furrows and root is circular. The complete cylinder of extra xylary fibres in cortex is typical of the cucumber family. Nine bicollateral vascular bundles each are situated in an inner and an outer circle. Articulated ramified sap filled idio blasts are a special feature not described until now in Cucurbits.
The detailed anatomy of four species and three varieties of melons in an interesting1 and somewhat unusual family, Cucurbitaceae is presented. Parts of each species (root, stem and leaf) were sectioned with a rotary microtome at 20 to 24 ¡im thickness after fixation and wax embedding1. Sections were observed using a photomicroscope. There were similarities in the arrangement and distribution of cells and tissues in the organs under investigation. Nonetheless, the number of layers of these cells and tissues (collenchyma, parenchyma, pericycle, sclerenchyma and vascular bundles) differed which is taxonomically important. Comparative anatomical studies of the melons in this family is presented together for the first time with variations in the number of tissues in the different varieties of Citrullus lanatus-watermelon found in Nigeria.
Catechin (3,5,7,3′,4′-flavanpentol) and gallocatechin (3,5,7,3′,4′,5′-flavanhexanol) were isolated from methanol extracts of roots of 1-week-old Acala 4-42 cotton seedlings and identified by infrared spectrophotometry. Histochemical studies revealed the localization of the catechins in the hypodermis, endodermis, scattered cells of the xylem parenchyma, and the proximal portion of the root cap. The possible function of the catechins as chemical barriers to penetration and colonization of the root by plant pathogens is discussed.
One area of risk assessment for transgenic crops concerns cross-compatible wild and weedy relatives. In squash (Cucurbita pepo), free-living populations are diverse in their distributions, ecologies, histories, and genetic and phenotypic compositions. As part of the effort to understand this diversity, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data were collected from 37 wild or weedy populations and 16 cultivars, which together represented all infraspecific taxa of C. pepo. Twenty-six primers yielded 70 scorable and variable markers. The presence/absence of bands for these markers produced a data matrix which was analyzed using cluster analysis. The analysis confirmed the relationships among infraspecific taxa that had been revealed, in part, in previous genetic analyses (e.g., isozymes, chloroplast DNA restriction-site mutations, inter simple sequence repeats). Also supported were findings of varying degrees of gene flow from cultivars into free-living populations. Some of the RAPD variation in subsp. ovifera var. ozarkana populations was found to be correlated with the distribution of the drainage systems along which these populations are dispersed. Finally, the RAPD results support the idea that transgenic gene flow experiments with free-living populations should consider using representatives from each of the three free-living taxa, as well as from genetically or ecologically distinct populations within these taxa. Communicating Editor: Aaron Liston
The following types of trichomes were established in this paper: pluricellular tector T-shaped and glandular with the unicellular secretor gland at Chrysanthemum morifolium; unicellular tector trichomes and scaly pluricellular ones at Gazania splendes; non-ramified pluricellular tector trichomes with antocyanins at Gynura aurantiaca; non-ramified pluricellular tector trichomes on the leaf of Impatiens walleriana; unicellular tector trichomes at Symphytum officinale; glandular trichomes with pluricellular secretor gland and unicellular tector trichomes at Lonicera caprifolium; massive pluricellular trichomes under the form of a small barrell, non-ramified pluricellular tector trichomes and glandular with the unicellular gland at Cucurbita pepo; unicellular hooked tector trichomes at Phaseolus vulgaris; non-ramified pluricellular tector trichomes and glandular ones with the unicellular gland at Pelargonium zonale; non-ramified pluricellular tector trichomes on the leaf of Achimenes longiflora; unicellular tector trichomes at Cydonia oblonga; non-ramified pluricellular tector trichomes and glandular ones with the pluricellular gland at Lycopersicum esculentum; glandular trichomes with the pluricellular secretor gland at Nicotiana alata; glandular trichomes with the unicellular glandular part at Petunia hybridra; star-shaped pluricellular tector trichomes at Solanum melongena.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Cucurbita pepo leaves
- Kalaiselvi
Reação de acessos de Cucurbita sp. ao Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
- Moura
Aspectos técnicos do cultivo da abóbora na região Nordeste do Brasil
- Ramos
Morphology and density of trichomes and stomata of Trichosanthes cucumerina (Cucurbitaceae) as affected by age and salinity
- Adbooye
Anatomical diversity among certain genera of family cucurbitaceae
- Mohamed
Research results regarding the anatomy of Momordica charanthia L. specie. Lucrări ştiinţifice USAMVB, Seria B
- Sãvulescu
Biological and abiotic stress in cucurbitaceae crops
- Yiblet
Morpho-anatomical and histochemical studies on Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. (Cucurbitaceae)
- Sagayaraj
Erfahrungen mit Etzolds FSA-Färbung für pflanzenschnitte
- Krauter