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Disaster resilience of flood in Kerala, India

Authors:
Chippy Mohan at Christ University
Chippy Mohan
Rosewine Joy at Presidency University, Bangalore
Rosewine Joy
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Abstract

Kerala, the southern state in the Indian peninsula, has been affected by floods for the last three consecutive years. Changing weather patterns leading to heavy monsoon and development without considering the ecological vulnerabilities of the region has been pointed out as the reasons for flooding. Displaced communities, the destruction of agricultural and industrial enterprises, and health concerns have made disaster management a challenge for communities and governments alike. Even though there were lots of difficulties, the way Keralites came out of all these miseries and their adaptation was really inexplicable and always provided scope for research in that area. This paper focuses on examining the flooding pattern and impact of floods in Kerala, India and assessing the resilience capacity of the affected community. Self-developed questionnaires were used to gather data from the flood-affected population in the most flood-affected districts in Kerala. To gauge the respondents’ opinions, the questionnaire used a five-point variable Likert scale. When all was said and done, 260 valid questionnaires were successfully retrieved. The study found that communities show resilience to flood with partnership and decentralised management of disasters. The study could help recognise the strategies for building resilient communities through policy intervention and civil society participation.
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IOP Conference Series: Earth and
Environmental Science
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Disaster resilience of flood in Kerala, India
To cite this article: C Mohan and R Joy 2024
IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.
1306 012045
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
International Interdisciplinary Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1306 (2024) 012045
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012045
1
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International Interdisciplinary Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1306 (2024) 012045
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012045
2
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International Interdisciplinary Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1306 (2024) 012045
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012045
3
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International Interdisciplinary Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1306 (2024) 012045
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012045
4
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International Interdisciplinary Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1306 (2024) 012045
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012045
5
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International Interdisciplinary Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1306 (2024) 012045
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012045
6
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(5B7<5M5H< 
5G98CBH<9@9J9@C:GIDDCFHF979=J98:FCAJ5F=CIG5IH<CF=H=9GGIDDCFH:FCADC@=79A=@=H5FM
F5B?G:=FGH7CAAIB=HM G9FJ=79F5B?GG97CB8GIDDCFH:FCAD5B7<5M5H< F5B?G H<=F85B8GIDDCFH
:FCAH<9<95@H<89D5FHA9BHF5B?G@5GH
$"&#($$
,C:=B8H<9F9@5H=CBG<=D69HK99BH<9F95C:8K9@@=B;5B8<CIG9<C@8@9J9@8=G5GH9FDF9D5F98B9GG
,<9F9=GBCG=;B=:=75BH5GGC7=5H=CB69HK99BH<9F95C:8K9@@=B;5B8<CIG9<C@8@9J9@8=G5GH9F
DF9D5F98B9GG
,<9F9=G5G=;B=:=75BH5GGC7=5H=CB69HK99BH<9F95C:8K9@@=B;5B8<CIG9<C@8@9J9@8=G5GH9F
DF9D5F98B9GG
7<=GEI5F95B5@MG=GF95C:8K9@@=B;5B8<CIG9<C@8@9J9@8=G5GH9FDF9D5F98B9GG
.5@I9 : GMAD+=;G=898
(95FGCB<=+EI5F9
$=?9@=<CC8*5H=C
$=B95F6M$=B95FGGC7=5H=CB
&C:.5@=85G9G











+=B79H<9(J5@I9K9F9>97HH<9BI@@<MDCH<9G=G5B8F97C;B=N9H<95@H9FB5H=J9<MDCH<9G=G
+C H<9F9 9L=GHG 5B 5GGC7=5H=CB 69HK99B H<9 5F95 C: 8K9@@=B; 5B8 <CIG9<C@8@9J9@ 8=G5GH9F
DF9D5F98B9GG
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,C:=B8H<9 F9@5H=CBG<=D 69HK99B D5FH=7=D5H=CB =BF9G7I9 CD9F5H=CBG 5B869=B; (F9D5F98 HC :579
8=G5GH9F=B:IHIF9
,<9F9=GBCA5>CF5GGC7=5H=CB69HK99BD5FH=7=D5H=CB=BF9G7I9CD9F5H=CBG5B869=B;(F9D5F98
HC:5798=G5GH9F=B:IHIF9
,<9F9=G5A5>CF5GGC7=5H=CB69HK99BD5FH=7=D5H=CB=BF9G7I9CD9F5H=CBG5B869=B;(F9D5F98HC
:5798=G5GH9F=B:IHIF9
International Interdisciplinary Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1306 (2024) 012045
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012045
7
<=GEI5F95B5@MG=G(5FH=7=D5H=CB=BF9G7I9CD9F5H=CBG5B8DF9D5F98HC:5798=G5GH9F=B
H<9:IHIF9
.5@I9 : GMAD+=;G=898
(95FGCB<=+EI5F9  

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$=?9@=<CC8*5H=C  
$=B95F6M$=B95FGGC7=5H=CB  
&C:.5@=85G9G  
+=B79H<9.5@I9C:(K9F9>97HH<9BI@@<MDCH<9G=G5B85779DHH<95@H9FB5H=J9<MDCH<9G=G
+CH<9F99L=GHG5F9@5H=CBG<=D69HK99BD5FH=7=D5H=CB=BF9G7I9CD9F5H=CBG5B869=B;(F9D5F98HC
:5798=G5GH9F=B:IHIF9
CFF9@5H=CB5B5@MG=GCB%5>CF=GGI9G:57985B8DF9D5F98B9GGHC:579:@CC8
(F9D5F98B9GGHC:579:@CC8
%5>CF=GGI9G:5798 (95FGCBCFF9@5H=CB
+=;H5=@98
&
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
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FCAH<956CJ9,56@9=H=GC6J=CIGH<5HH<97CFF9@5H=CB=GG=;B=:=75BH5HH<9@9J9@H5=@98
!H=GC6J=CIGH<5HH<9F9=G5DCG=H=J95GGC7=5H=CB69HK99B%5>CF=GGI9G:57985B8DF9D5F98B9GGHC
:579:@CC8+=B79H<97CFF9@5H=CB7C9::=7=9BHJ5@I9=G=H=B8=75H9G5+HFCB;DCG=H=J97CFF9@5H=CB
5ACB;H<9J5F=56@9G
!BH<=GGHI8MA5>CF=HMC:H<9F9GDCB89BHG69@CB;HCH<95;9;FCIDC:M95FG%CGHC:H<9
F9GDCB89BHG<5J998I75H=CB5@EI5@=:=75H=CBGIDHC-@9J9@C5GH5@D9CD@97CBHF=6IH98H<9ACGH
HCH<=GF9G95F7<%CBH<@M=B7CA9F5B;9G:FCA:CFH<9A5>CF=HMC:F9GDCB89BHG,<9
F9GDCB89BHG 7CA9 :FCA J9FM <=;<@M :@CC85::97H98 5F95G 5F9 ACF9 (9CD@9 7CBG=89F98 @57? C:
HF5BGDCFH5H=CB5GH<9A5>CF=GGI9:57988IF=B;H<9:@CC85GD9FH<9CD=B=CBC:H<9A5>CF=HM%CGH
C:H<9F9GDCB89BHG<58D5FH=7=D5H98=B:@CC8F9G7I957H=J=H=9G5B85;F998H<5HH<9=F7CB:=89B79
@9J9@ =B7F95G985:H9FH<9 D5FH=7=D5H=CB,<9F9GDCB89BHGGHFCB;@M5;F99 H<5HF9@=9:75ADGK9F9
5J5=@56@9 5:H9F H<9 :@CC8 ,<9 F9GDCB89BHG GHFCB;@M 5;F99 H<5H H<9M <58 9LD9F=9B79 =B 8=G5GH9F
JC@IBH99F=GA5B8<585779GGHCF=G?7CAAIB=75H=CB%CGHC:H<9F9GDCB89BHG<58<CIG9<C@8@9J9@
8=G5GH9FDF9D5F98B9GG,<9D9CD@9<5J95<=;<@9J9@C:5K5F9B9GG56CIH@C75@F9GCIF79G:CF7F=G=G
A5B5;9A9BH,<9 F9GDCB89BHG5F9DF9D5F98HC:579 8=G5GH9F=BH<9 :IHIF95G98CBH<9@9J9@ C:
GIDDCFHF979=J98:FCAJ5F=CIG5IH<CF=H=9GGIDDCFH:FCADC@=79A=@=H5FMF5B?G7CA9G:=FGH,<9F9
=G5F9@5H=CBG<=D69HK99BH<95F95C:H<98K9@@=B;5B8<CIG9<C@8@9J9@8=G5GH9FDF9D5F98B9GG5B8
69HK99B D5FH=7=D5H=CB =B F9G7I9 CD9F5H=CBG 5B8 DF9D5F98B9GG HC :579 :IHIF9 8=G5GH9FG ,<9
F9GDCB89BHG5;F99H<5HH<9F9=G5DCG=H=J97CFF9@5H=CB69HK99BA5>CF=GGI9G:57988IF=B;:@CC8G
5B8DF9D5F98B9GGHC:579:@CC8G
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,<=G9L5A=B5H=CBC:H<9#9F5@5GIF;9GC:<5GIB7CJ9F98H<5H7CAAIB=HMG56=@=HMD@5MG5
G=;B=:=75BHD5FH=B585DH=B;HC5B8F97CID=B;:FCABCFA5@F=G?GJ9B5:H9F657?HC657?8=G5GH9FG
H<9D9CD@9C:#9F5@5:5798H<9AK=H<;F95H7CIF5;95B87CCF8=B5H=CB,<9M585DH98H<9AG9@J9G
HCF97CJ9F:FCA=HGACBGHFCIG9::97HGHC7F95H9;F95H7CAAIB=HMF9G=@=9B79,<9D9CD@9DF9D5F98
HC:579H<98=G5GH9FH<FCI;<58J5B798DF9D5F5H=CB=B<CIG9<C@8GHC89:9B85;5=BGH8=G5GH9FG%5>CF
7<5@@9B;9G:57988IF=B;:@CC8G<5J9699BCJ9F7CA96MGHF9B;H<9B=B;H<9F9G=@=9B79:57HCFG5G98
CB CIF GHI8M =H K5G 7CB7@I898 H<5H D9CD@9 C: ;C8G CKB 7CIBHFM 5F9 DF9D5F98 HC :579 :IHIF9
8=G5GH9FG
International Interdisciplinary Conference on Green Development in Tropical Regions
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1306 (2024) 012045
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012045
8
$!%
348989>=,(FCJ9F6G0=5C C66=B;(5B8'@58C?IB.%5?=B;6=FA=B;<5A5:@CC8
F9G=@=9BH 7=HM7<5@@9B;9G5B8CDDCFHIB=H=9G%#JC@BC
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34IHH9F+$IFHCB5B8AF=7<=G5GH9FF9G=@=9B79=B8=75HCFG:CF69B7<A5F?=B;
65G9@=B97CB8=H=CBG &# &#%(#(%JC@BC
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348;9F/&+C7=5@5B897C@C;=75@F9G=@=9B795F9H<9MF9@5H98# #$$&
 #!(JC@BCDD8C=
342<5B; $=I1$5B89B;"1!AD57H':-F65B=N5H=CB)I5@=HMB8-F65B*9G=@=9B79
'B@CC8=G5GH9F *=G?5G98'B(5B9@5H5': (F9:97HIF9$9J9@=H=9G!B+<5BL=
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34;9@5B85F@GCB5B8+FCI:9$*9G=@=9B795GDFC79GG' !%
$( !%  (JC@BCDD8C=<HHDG8C=CF;+
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There is considerable federal interest in disaster resilience as a mechanism for mitigating the impacts to local communities, yet the identification of metrics and standards for measuring resilience remain a challenge. This paper provides a methodology and a set of indicators for measuring baseline characteristics of communities that foster resilience. By establishing baseline conditions, it becomes possible to monitor changes in resilience over time in particular places and to compare one place to another. We apply our methodology to counties within the Southeastern United States as a proof of concept. The results show that spatial variations in disaster resilience exist and are especially evident in the rural/urban divide, where metropolitan areas have higher levels of resilience than rural counties. However, the individual drivers of the disaster resilience (or lack thereof)-social, economic, institutional, infrastructure, and community capacities- vary widely.
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This article defines social resilience as the ability of groups or communities to cope with external stresses and disturbances as a result of social, political and environmental change. This definition highlights social resilience in relation to the concept of ecological resilience which is a characteristic of ecosystems to maintain themselves in the face of disturbance. There is a clear link between social and ecological resilience, particularly for social groups or communities that are dependent on ecological and environmental resources for their livelihoods. But it is not clear whether resilient ecosystems enable resilient communities in such situations. This article examines whether resilience is a useful characteristic for describing the social and economic situation of social groups and explores potential links between social resilience and ecological resilience. The origins of this interdisciplinary study in human ecology, ecological economics and rural sociology are reviewed, and a study of the impacts of ecological change on a resourcedependent community in contemporary coastal Vietnam in terms of the resilience of its institutions is outlined.
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