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ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil
https://zancojournals.su.edu.krd/index.php/JPAS
ISSN (print ):2218-0230, ISSN (online): 2412-3986, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/zjpas
RESEARCH
PAPER
Influence of Poultry manure and Zinc fertilizer on Yield quality and Nutrient
concentration of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Calcareous Soils at Iraqi
Kurdistan Region.
Dana H. Al-Zangana 1, Muslim R. Khoshnaw 1
1 Department of Soil and Water, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region,
Iraq
A B S T R A C T:
This study conducted at Garmian Agricultural Research Farm. therefore, during the winter season of 2021 to evaluate the
effect of five levels of Zn fertilizers (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60) kg ha-1 with five-levels poultry manure (PM) are (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40)
ton ha-1 and their combination on the yield quality, dry matter, and some nutrient uptake of wheat (type Kalar1) grown under
calcareous soil conditions. The wheat cultivar was sown with a hand drill on 20th November 2021, using a seeding rate of 120 kg
ha-1. The results showed that all fertilization treatments were significantly superior to the control treatment in the studied plant
traits. The combination of treatments influenced (Poultry and Zinc) fertilizer significantly in the studied plant such as (Flag leaf
area, chlorophyll content, grain yield, percentage of protein, length of the spike, and N, P, K, and Zn uptake), which is the highest
value in the flag leaf resulting from the treatment combination (Zn4O3) value (74.24 cm2 ) and the highest chlorophyll content
located from the treatment combination (Zn4O4) value (51.93 Spad unit ) and that the longest spikes were recorded in treatment
combination (Zn4O4) value (21.5 cm), the highest grain yield resulted from the treatment combination (Zn4O4) value (8.41 ton ha-
1), also were significant when studied chemical analysis of the uptake of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and Zinc in
plant leaves and protein), the range value (N 1.6 - 3.2 %), (P 0.12 - 0.24 %), (K 1.17 โ 1.55% ), (Zn 49.137- 95.18 ppm), and
(proteins 9.2 โ 13.8 %) respectively. In this study, added organic matter had a significant effect on increasing the availability and
uptake of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc in plant leaves, and the application of organic and zinc
fertilizers caused increased flag leaf area chlorophyll content and length of spikes in wheat plants in calcareous soil.
KEY
WO
R
D
S:
Poultry manure, Nutrient uptake, wheat, Leaf area.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.35.SpC.6
ZJPAS (2023) , 35(SpC);52-61 .
.
1.INTRODUCTION :
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important
crop and ranks first among the world's cereal
crops in terms of demand, cultivated area, and
production. Wheat is one of the most critical
nutrient sources for humans and animals and plays
an important role in the production of food
combinations worldwide (FAO, 1996). Wheat is
the single most important cereal crop and has been
considered an integral component of the food
security systems of several nations. It is grown
almost everywhere in the world due to its
nutritional importance (Awika, 2011). It is one of
the strategic grain crops in Iraq, as it ranks first in
terms of the cultivated area of production for
cereal crops,
its productivity is below the standard What is
required is that Iraq produces 3.6 million tons of
wheat crop and needs 4.5 million tons of wheat
grains to feed its population, from which it
imports up to (one and a half million tons)
reported by C.S.O IRQ, (2016) and (Khoshnaw &
Esmail, 2021). Bodruzzaman et al., (2002)
explained that by adding organic manure, it was
found that the production of wheat treated with
chicken manure increased by 75% of the chemical
fertilizer and ranged between 7.4โ8.3ton ha-1.
Arab et al., (2019) reported a study on the amount
of organic fertilizer, where they discovered that
adding 100 tons of organic fertilizer ha-1 resulted
in a (11-36%) increase in yield.
* Corresponding Author:
Dana H. Amen
E-mail: dana.mohamdamen@student.su.edu.krd
Article History:
Received: 17/01/2023
Accepted: 26/03/2023
Published: 01/11 /2023
Al-Zangana. D. and.Khoshnaw M. /ZJPAS: 2023, 35 (SpC): 52-61
53
ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2023
Organic manure gave the least increase in
production by 5.5%, as organic fertilizer is
considered a growth factor in addition to its
nutritional content (Bodaruddin et al., 1999). In
newly constructed terraces in semi-arid regions,
farmers in China are encouraged to apply manure
to ensure the sustainability of agroecosystems
(Liu, Li et al., 2013). Zinc is a micronutrient
needed in small amounts by crop plants, but its
importance in crop production has increased in
recent years (Alloway, 2008). It is considered to
be the most yield-limiting micronutrient in crop
production in various parts of the world (Mandal
et al., 2000; Fageria, 2016; Das & Green, 2016).
Duffy (2007) noted that even in soils with a slight
zinc deficiency, production losses of up to 30%
for wheat, rice, corn, and other staple crops are
common. Around 50% of the soils used to grow
grains worldwide have low levels of zinc available
to plants (Graham et al., 1992; Welch, 1993).
Total Zn concentration is sufficient in many
agricultural areas, but available Zn concentration
is deficient because of different soil and climatic
conditions. Soil pH, lime content, organic matter
amount, clay type, and the amount and type of
applied phosphorus fertilizer affect the available
Zn concentration in soil (Adiloglu & Adiloglu,
2006). The sorption reaction of Zn with the soil
surface is stronger in calcareous soils with a high
pH, high CaCO3 content, and low Zn
concentration, and as a result, the availability of
Zn is decreased. Because increasing soil pH
causes an increase in the total amount of negative
charges in organic matter, the capacity of Zn
sorption increases with increasing soil pH
(Chittamart et al., 2016; Mam-Rasul, 2019;
Ramadhan & Mehmedany, 2020). The majority of
the Zn fertilizer applied to calcareous soil for
wheat sowing, according to the findings of over
two decades of research, was bonded to soil
minerals at harvest. Only a small portion of the
fertilizer Zn was present in the soil's solution or
was attached to Mn oxides, carbonates, or organic
materials (Wei et al., 2005).
This study aims to investigate the influence of
poultry manure and zinc individually or mixed on
the yield characteristics of wheat growing, and
nutrient concentration under calcareous soil
conditions.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1-Experimental design
The study took place at Garmian agricultural
research farm, which is located between 34ยฐ36-
26.48โ north latitude and 45ยฐ18-02.33โ east
longitude as shown in (figure 1). Under rain-fed
conditions -with irrigation during the winter
growing season of 2021-2022. To consider the
effects of zinc fertilizer application, add five
levels of Zn fertilizers (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60) kg
ha-1 with five levels of poultry manure (PM) it (0,
10, 20, 30, and 40) ton ha-1 to the growth and
yield of wheat in calcareous soil. The experiment
was laid out in Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD) with a net plot area of 1.5 x 2 m
(3 m2) with three replicates. The experiment
comprised 25 treatments in each replication.
Wheat cultivar was sown with a hand drill on 20th
November 2021, using a seeding rate of 120 kg
ha-1. The crop was harvested on 22nd May 2022
and individual samples were threshed at harvest,
three 1 ร 1 m2 from a location in the middle of
each plot were harvested manually to determine
straw and grain yield. Harvested straw and grain
samples were oven-dried at 60 โฆC for the
determination of dry matter weight
All required management practices were done at
the proper times, and standard practices were used
for weed control. Before planting, soil samples
were taken from a depth of 0-30 cm of the soil
used in the field experiment. The soil samples
were air-dried, and pass through a 2 mm sieve,
and kept in plastic bottles until analyzed. (Table 1)
illustrates the main physical and chemical
properties of the soils.
Physiological parameters were measured as
follows:
Flag Leaf area (cm2): It was calculated from an
average of 10 flag leaves for the main stems per
experimental unit at the flowering stage and
according to the formula.
The Flag Leaf area (cm2) = flag length * width
at center * correction coefficient 0.95 (Thomas,
1975)
Length of a spike (cm): Measure the length of
the wheat spike from the bottom of the spike
(Glume) to the end of the beard. Grain yield (ton
ha-1): Manual study of plants harvested from 1 m2
of the three middle lines was conducted and straw
was isolated from the grains and cleaned well then
the grains were weighed (Cunniff & Washington,
1997).
Chemical parameters were measured as
follows:
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ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2023
Al-Zangana. D. and.Khoshnaw M. /ZJPAS: 2023, 35 (SpC): 52-61
Protein content in grain: analysis of the total
nitrogen (Kjeldahl Nitrogen Method) (Estefan et
al., 2013) and multiply 5.75 (McDonald, 1977).
Chlorophyll content: is measured by the SPAD
502 Plus Chlorophyll Meter (KONICA
MINOLTA) made in Japan. Leaf analysis: to
determine total (Zinc, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and
Potassium) (Cresser & Parsons, 1979; Estefan et
al., 2013). Nitrogen: is measured by Kjeldahl
Nitrogen Method. Phosphorus: is measured by
spectrophotometer. Potassium: is measured by
flame photometer. Zinc: is measured by
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission
Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The samples of leaves
were digested with H2SO4โHClO4. The total
nutrient uptake of N, P, K, and Zn was calculated
as the products of the nutrient concentration
multiplied by the plantโs dry weight. The data
were collected and analyzed according to Tukeyโs
analysis of variance technique.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1- RESULTS
3.1.1- Flag leaf area (cm2)
The data in a table (2) shows that the application
of different levels of organic and zinc fertilizers
and their interaction significantly affected the flag
leaf area, where increasing the level of organic
and zinc fertilizers led to an increase in the flag
leaf area, which is the highest value in the flag
leaf area resulting from the treatment combination
(Zn4O3) value (74.24 cm2). While the lowest value
was recorded in the treatment combination control
(Zn0O0) is (36.13 cm2). The highest mean value
was recorded in treatment for poultry manure and
Zn treatments (O4) and (Zn4) values of (69.61
cm2) and (61.42 cm2) respectively, study the effect
of five levels of organic and zinc fertilizers
application were significant effects on flag leaf
area.
3.1.2- Chlorophyll content (SPAD Unit)
Table (3) indicate that the interaction of organic
and zinc fertilizers affected the chlorophyll
content significantly, increasing the level of
organic and zinc fertilizers led to an increase in
the content of chlorophyll, and that the highest
level of chlorophyll resulted from the treatment
combination (Zn4O4) at (51.93 spad unit), while
the lowest value was recorded in the treatment
combination (Zn0O0) at (41.27 spad unit), and
when studying each fertilizer separately, the zinc
fertilizer had the highest level of chlorophyll
within the treatment (Zn4), while the organic
fertilizer had the highest chlorophyll for the plant,
within the treatment type (O4).
3.1.3- The grain yield (ton ha-1)
Table (4) shows the results that the interaction of
organic fertilizer and zinc fertilizer had a
significant effect on the yield, thereby increasing
the level of organic and zinc fertilizers and leading
to an increase in the grain yield level. The highest
value of grain yield results from the treatment
combination (Zn4O4) value (8.41ton ha-1), while
the lowest value of grain yield results were
recorded in the treatment combination control
(Zn0O0) value (5.50 ton ha-1). The highest mean
value for organic and zinc fertilizers was recorded
in treatments (O4) and (Zn4) values (7.69) (7.32)
ton ha-1 respectively, study the effects of five
levels of organic and zinc fertilizer application
was significant for grain yield and straw
biological yield, as the explanation is shown in
(figure 2).
3.1.4- The percentage of protein in cereals
From table (5) the results reveal that the
interaction of organic and zinc fertilizer has a
significant effect on the protein content in grains,
as increasing the level of organic and zinc
fertilizer leads to an increase in protein content.
The highest level of protein resulted from the
treatment combination (Zn4O4) value (13.80%),
while the lowest level resulted from the treatment
combination (Zn0O0) value (9.20%). And when
studying each fertilizer separately. the level of
zinc fertilizer had the highest value of protein
percentage within the treatment (Zn4) mean value
(11.47%), while in the organic fertilizers, the
highest value of protein was within the treatment
type (O4) mean value (13.46%).
3.1.5- The length of the spikes
The interaction of organic and zinc fertilizers
has a significant effect on the length of the spikes,
according to the findings in table (6), as increasing
the level of interaction fertilizers led to an increase
in the length of the spikes, and the longest spikes
were found when the treatment combination
(Zn4O4) was (21.50 cm). While the shortest spikes
Al-Zangana. D. and.Khoshnaw M. /ZJPAS: 2023, 35 (SpC): 52-61
55
ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2023
were found during the treatment combination
control value (16.50 cm), and when studying each
fertilizer separately, the zinc fertilizer had the
largest length of spikes within the treatment (Zn4),
for organic fertilizer the highest length of spikes
was within the treatment (O3).
3.1.6- Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
uptake by plant leaves:
According to table (7), the interaction of organic
and zinc fertilizers has a significant impact on the
total nitrogen content, increasing the level of
organic and zinc fertilizer results in an increase in
the nitrogen content or uptake in plant leaves, with
the highest nitrogen content recorded from the
treatment combination (Zn4O4) at (3.217%) and
the lowest nitrogen content recorded in the
treatment combination (Zn1O0).
Table (8) shows that the interaction of organic
and zinc fertilizer had a significant impact on total
phosphorus content, with increasing levels of
organic and zinc fertilizer resulting in an increase
in phosphorus content in plant leaves. The
treatment combination (Zn0O4) resulted in the
highest phosphorus content in plant leaves
(0.247%), while the treatment combination
(Zn3O0) resulted in the lowest (0.120%). When the
fertilizer was studied separately, when adding
different levels of zinc fertilizer, it had no
significant effect on the level of phosphorous, and
the highest value of phosphorous was within the
treatment (Zn2), but when organic fertilizers were
used, the highest phosphorus content of the leaves
was found within the treatment type (O3, O4)
values (0.200%, 0.247%).
Table (9) shows the results that the effect of the
interaction of organic fertilizer and zinc fertilizer
was a significant effect on the total potassium
content in a plant leaf, thereby increasing the level
of organic fertilizer and zinc fertilizer led to an
increase in the potassium content in plant leaves
and that the highest resulted from potassium
content in plant leaves from the treatment
combination (Zn0O4) is (1.557%), while the
lowest amount of potassium resulted at treatment
combination (Zn0O0) is (1.177 %). And when
studying each fertilizer separately, the ratio of
potassium at zinc fertilizer addition was the
highest potassium within the treatment (Zn3)
(1.296%), while when organic fertilizers were
used, the highest potassium was in the leaf and it
was within the treatment type (O4) is (1.557%).
3.1.7- Total zinc content in plant leaves
Table (10) shows that the interaction of organic
and zinc fertilizers had a significant effect on the
total zinc content and that increasing the level of
organic and zinc fertilizers led to an increase in
the zinc content in plant leaves. The highest zinc
content in plant leaves resulted from the treatment
combination (Zn4O4) value (95.18 ppm), while the
lowest amount of zinc resulted from the treatment
combination (Zn0O0) (49.137 ppm). When each
fertilizer was studied separately, the ratio of zinc
at zinc fertilizer addition was the highest zinc
within the treatment (Zn4), whereas when organic
fertilizers were studied, the highest zinc of leaf
was within the treatment (O4) in calcareous soil.
3.2- DISCUSSION
From the above results it has been observed that
applying organic and zinc rates at higher levels
had a significant effect on yield quality and
nutrient concentration in wheat plants, this may be
due to the lack of soil from these two fertilizers
(Saleem, et al., 2017). Arab et al., (2019) reported
a study on the amount of organic fertilizer, where
they found that adding 100 ton ha-1 of organic
fertilizer ha-1 gave the results indicated that the
increase in application of organic fertilizer caused
(11-36%) increase in yield. Organic fertilizer has a
significant role in affecting the characteristics of
the studied plant (Singh & Agarwal, 2001), as it
supplies the soil with the major and minor
nutrients necessary for plant growth on the one
hand, and on the other hand, it improves the
physical properties of the soil and fertility, and
thus affects the productivity of the plant as
reported by Rasul, et al. (2015) and Khoshnaw &
Esmail, (2020). The zinc additions that were given
through the treatments had an effective role in the
amino acid tryptophan (Asad & Rafique, 2000),
from which the hormone indole acetic acid (IAA)
is derived and which is necessary for cell
elongation and increased growth. Another role for
zinc is in the formation of chlorophyll, and it leads
to an increase in the flag leaf area (Hassan et al.,
2017), amino acids, the vitality of pollen grains,
and improving the quality of the spikes (Farhan &
Al-Dulaemi, 2011; AL-Salmani et al., 2013;
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ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2023
Al-Zangana. D. and.Khoshnaw M. /ZJPAS: 2023, 35 (SpC): 52-61
Rasul, et al., 2014; and Khoshnaw & Esmail,
2021).
4. CONCLUSION
The results explained that zinc alone and its
combination with poultry manure were more
effective. They had superior influence in
increasing wheat growth, yield, protein percentage
and nutrient content when compared with using
zinc only. Poultry manure caused increases in
available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and
zinc uptake in the soil. The application of added
organic matter had a significant effect on
increasing the availability and uptake of nutrients
such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and zinc in plants,
and the application of organic and zinc fertilizers
caused increased flag leaf area chlorophyll content
and length of spikes in wheat plants in calcareous
soil.
Finally, chemical analysis of the uptake of
nutrients increased (nitrogen, phosphorus,
potassium, and zinc in plant leaves and proteins),
the range values of (N 1.6-3.2 %), (P 0.12-0.24 %)
(K 1.17โ1.55%), (Zn 49.137-95.18 ppm) and
(proteins 9.2โ13.8 %). This may be due to the
combination of poultry manure and zincโs role in
increasing nutrient availability.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to the (Department of Soil and Water,
College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences,
Salahaddin University-Erbil), and Special thanks
to the (Garmian Agricultural Research
Directorate), the (University of Garmian,
Chemistry & Biology Departments), (Sulymaniah
Agricultural Research Directorate), and
(Department of Natural Resources, College of
Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Sulymaniah
University).
Table (1) Some physical and chemical properties of soil and poultry manure in field experiments
properties
Value
pH
7.98
EC (ds m-1) at 25 โฆc
1.6
CaCO3 ( g kg-1 )
301
O.M (g kg-1)
4.4
Zn total (mg kg-1)
56.17
Soil Texture Sandy Clay Loam
Sand
(g kg-1)
457.0
Silt
196.5
Clay
346. 5
CEC (Cmolckg-1)
27.26
Soluble Ions
(mmolcL-1)
Ca+2
5.4
Mg+2
1.4
K+1
0.19
Na+1
1.91
Cl-1
0.72
HCO3-1
2.3
SO4-2
2.43
Poultry manure
P %
1.52
N %
7.28
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ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2023
Table (2) Effect of application different levels of organic and Zinc fertilizer and their interaction on
flag leaf area (cm2)
Treat.
Zn0
Zn 1
Zn 2
Zn 3
Zn 4
Mean of O
O0
36.13h
36.45h
39.58h
40.57g-h
40.53g-h
38.65d
O1
47.12f-h
49.08e-h
49.59d-h
51.33c-h
52.35b-h
49.9c
O2
58.76a-g
59.71a-f
60.07a-f
63.10a-f
68.62a-c
62.05b
O3
65.13a-f
68.74a-c
66.41a-e
70.14a-b
74.24a
68.93a
O4
68.03a-c
67.61a-d
69.99a-b
71.01a
71.39a
69.61a
Mean of Zn
55.03b
56.31ab
57.12ab
59.22ab
61.42a
Table (3) Effect of application different levels of organic and Zinc fertilizer and their interaction on
chlorophyll.
Treat.
Zn0
Zn 1
Zn 2
Zn 3
Zn 4
Mean of O
O0
41.27g
43.0f-g
43.77d-g
43.6e-g
45.4c-g
43.40c
O1
47.2 a-f
46.83 a-f
47.87 a-f
45.73b-g
47.47 a-f
47.02b
O2
46.77 a-f
48.37 a-f
45.07c-g
50.4a-c
49.17a-d
47.95b
O3
49.07a-d
46.97 a-f
47.43 a-f
47.47a-f
49.27a-c
48.042b
O4
49.83a-c
48.97a-e 50.83ab 51.57a 51.93a 50.62a
Mean of Zn
46.828b
46.828b
46.994ab
47.754ab
48.648a
Table (4) Effect of application different levels of organic and Zinc fertilizer and their interaction on
grain yield (ton ha-1)
Treat. Zn0 Zn 1 Zn 2 Zn 3 Zn 4 Mean of O
O0
5.500p
5.667o
5.85n
6.08k-m
6.21k-l
5.86e
O1
5.93m-n
6.06l-m
6.23j-k
6.38i-j
6.68g-h
6.26d
O2
6.53h-i
6.80f-g
6.88f
7.20d-e
7.23c-e
6.93c
O3
6.88f
7.10e
7.20d-e
8.08b
8.08b
7.47b
O4 7.10e 7.28c-d 7.38c 8.30a 8.41a 7.69a
Mean of Zn
6.39e 6.58d 6.71c 7.21b 7.32a
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Table (5) Effect of application different levels of organic and Zinc fertilizer and their interaction
on protein (%)
Treat. Zn0 Zn 1 Zn 2 Zn 3 Zn 4
Mean of O
O0
9.20k
9.33k
9.48j-k
9.38k
9.21k
9.32e
O1
10.55h-i
10.55h-i
10.20i-j
10.55h-i
10.70h-i
10.51d
O2
11.08g-h
11.58e-g
11.15g-h
11.75d-g
11.30f-h
11.37c
O3
11.58e-g
12.06c-f
12.56b-c
12.40c-d
12.35c-e
12.19b
O4 13.33a-b 13.24a-b 13.62a 13.33a-b
13.80a
13.46a
Mean of Zn
11.15b
11.35a-b
11.40a-b
11.48a
11.47a
Table (6) Effect of the combination of organic fertilizer and zinc fertilizer on the length of the
spike (cm)
Treat. Zn0 Zn 1 Zn 2 Zn 3 Zn 4
Mean of
O
O0
16.50h
17.33g-h
17.50g-h
18.50c-g
18.66c-g
17.70d
O1
17.83f-h
18.33d-g
18.50c-g
18.66c-g
19.50b-e
18.56c
O2
18.50c-g
18.83b-g
19.50b-e
19.66b-e
19.83b-d
19.26b
O3
19.33b-f
20.33a-b
19.16b-f
20.33a-b
21.50a
20.13a
O4
18.16e-g
18.66c-g 20.00a-c 21.50a 21.50a
19.96a
Mean of Zn
18.07c 18.70b 18.93b 19.73a 20.20a
Table (7) Effect of the combination of organic fertilizer and zinc fertilizer on nitrogen content
in plant leaves (N%)
Treat. Zn0 Zn 1 Zn 2 Zn 3 Zn 4
Mean of
O
O0 1.717h-i 1.667i 1.787h-i 1.787h-i
1.800h-i
1.75e
O1 2.160f-g 2.230e-g 2.160f-g 1.980g-h
2.347d-f
2.175d
O2 2.450d-f 2.480d-e 2.450d-f 2.480d-e
2.580c-d
2.488c
O3 2.870b-c 2.890b 2.870b-c 2.840b-c 2.907b 2.875b
O4
3.010a-b
3.080a-b
3.030a-b
2.940a-b
3.217 a
3.055a
Mean of
Zn
2.441 b 2.469 b 2.459 b 2.405b 2.570a
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ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2023
Table (8) Effect of the combination of organic fertilizer and zinc fertilizer on phosphorus
content in plant leaves (P%)
Treat. Zn0 Zn 1 Zn 2 Zn 3 Zn 4
Mean of
O
O0 0.130f-g 0.130f-g 0.133f-g 0.120g
0.130f-g
0.12d
O1 0.137e-g 0.163c-g 0.160c-g 0.150d-g
0.190b-e
0.16c
O2 0.180b-f 0.170c-g 0.167c-g 0.197a-d
0.183b-f
0.18b
O3 0.200a-d 0.210a-c 0.230a-b 0.183b-f
0.183b-f
0.20a
O4 0.247a 0.200a-d 0.190b-e 0.213a-c
0.190b-e
0.20a
Mean of Zn
0.18a
0.18a
0.18a
0.17a
0.18a
Table (9) Effect of the combination of organic fertilizer and zinc fertilizer on potassium content
in plant leaf (K%)
Treat. Zn0 Zn 1 Zn 2 Zn 3 Zn 4
Mean of
O
O0
1.177h
1.247f-h
1.237g-h
1.297c-h
1.267e-h
1.25d
O1
1.280d-h
1.300c-h
1.257e-h
1.397b-f
1.370b-g
1.32c
O2
1.370b-g
1.300c-h
1.400a-f
1.407a-e
1.387b-g
1.37b
O3
1.440a-c
1.497a-b
1.487a-b
1.527a-b
1.507a-b
1.49a
O4 1.557a 1.427a-d 1.510a-b 1.527a-b
1.497a-b
1.50a
Mean of Zn
1.37b 1.35b 1.38b 1.43a 1.40a
Table (10) Effect of the combination of organic fertilizer and zinc fertilizer on zinc (ppm) in plant
leaves
Treat.
Zn0
Zn 1
Zn 2
Zn 3
Zn 4
Mean of O
O0
49.137 j
50.200i-j
59.267 h-j
61.440 g-j
76.833 c-f
59.37d
O1
50.310 i-j
60.953 g-j
63.587 f-i
71.130 d-h
79.420 b-e
65.08c
O2
58.710 h-j
59.130 h-j
78.247 b-e
75.107 c-f
80.113 b-e
70.26b
O3
68.400 e-h
74.340 c-g
80.757 b-e
83.233 a-d
85.920 a-c
78.53a
O4
73.980 c-g
69.100 d-h
69.877 d-h
91.213 a-b
95.180 a
79.87a
Mean of Zn
60.11 d 62.74 d 70.34c 76.42 b 83.49 a
60
ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2023
Al-Zangana. D. and.Khoshnaw M. /ZJPAS: 2023, 35 (SpC): 52-61
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