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1
Four new species of Anyphaena Sundevall, 1833 from
Xizang, China (Araneae, Anyphaenidae)
Shikai Li1, Shilin Wang1, Xiaoqi Mi1, Cheng Wang1
1 Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300 Guizhou, China
Corresponding author: Cheng Wang (wchengspider@163.com)
Copyright: © Shikai Li et al.
This is an open access article distributed under
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (Attribution 4.0 International –
CC BY 4.0).
Research Article
Abstract
Four new species of the genus Anyphaena Sundevall, 1833 collected from Xizang, China,
are described: A. cibagou Wang & Mi, sp. nov. (♂♀), A. linzhi Wang & Mi, sp. nov. (♂♀),
A. shufui Wang & Mi, sp. nov. (♀) and A. yejiei Wang & Mi, sp. nov. (♀). Diagnostic photos
of the habitus and copulatory organs and a distributional map are provided.
Key words: DNA barcodes, ghost spider, morphology, southwest China, taxonomy
Introduction
Anyphaena Sundevall, 1833, the most species-rich genus of the family Any-
phaenidae Bertkau,1878, is represented by 106 wander-hunting species wide-
ly distributed in Asia, Europe and the Americas (WSC 2024; Rivera-Quiroz and
Álvarez-Padilla 2023). In contrast to the taxonomic study of the genus in the
Americas, it remains poorly known in Asia, which only has 17 species records,
most of them sporadically described and only known from the original descrip-
tion (Durán-Barrón et al. 2016; WSC 2024). To date, eight endemic species
known from both sexes are recorded from China, which is much higher than
in nearby countries, such as Japan (3), Russia (3) and India (1) (WSC 2024).
Among the Chinese species, half of them were described by Lin et al. (2021),
including the only species recorded in Xizang, China.
Recently, spider surveys in two National Nature Reserves in Linzhi City,
Xizang, China, were carried out, and more than twenty specimens of Any-
phaenidae have been collected. After examination, four species belonging to
Anyphaena are recognized as new to science and described herein.
Material and methods
Specimens were collected by beating shrubs or hand collecting. They were pre-
served in 90% ethanol. Specimens are deposited in the museum of Tongren Univer-
sity (TRU) in Tongren, China. They were examined with an Olympus SZX 16 stereo-
microscope. After dissection, the vulvae were cleared in trypsin enzyme solution
before examination and imaging. Left male palps were used for the descriptions
and illustrations. Photographs of the copulatory organs and habitus were taken
Academic editor: Alireza Zamani
Received:
25 January 2024
Accepted:
23 February 2024
Published:
21 March 2024
ZooBank: https://zoobank.org/
DB6879AF-4EED-4ACE-950F-
5A8D8CF760BB
Citation: Li S, Wang S, Mi X, Wang C
(2024) Four new species of Anyphaena
Sundevall, 1833 from Xizang, China
(Araneae, Anyphaenidae). ZooKeys
1196: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3897/
zookeys.1196.119509
ZooKeys 1196: 1–14 (2024)
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1196.119509
2
ZooKeys 1196: 1–14 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1196.119509
Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
with a Kuy Nice CCD camera mounted on an Olympus BX43 compound micro-
scope. Compound focus images were generated using Helicon Focus v. 6.7.1.
Drawings of the schematic course of the copulatory duct were generated by Adobe
Illustrator CC 2018. ArcGIS v. 10.4 software was used to create a distribution map.
A partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI)
LCOI1490 and HCOI2198 (Folmer et al. 1994). The accession numbers are pro-
vided in Table 1. The pairwise genetic distances (Kimura two-parameter [K2P])
(see Table 2) were calculated using MEGA 6.0 to assess the genetic differenc-
es (Li and Zhang 2023).
All measurements are given in millimetres. Leg measurements are given as
-
per are noted with an initial capital (Fig. or Figs). Abbreviations used in the text
AG accessory gland; ALE anterior lateral eye; AME anterior median eye; At atri-
um; C conductor; CD copulatory duct; E embolus; FD fertilization duct; MA median
apophysis; MS median septum; PLE posterior lateral eye; PME posterior median
eye; PPA prolateral patellar apophysis; PTA prolateral tibia apophysis; RTA retro-
lateral tibia apophysis; VTA ventral tibial apophysis; S spermatheca.
Table 1. Voucher specimen information.
Species Voucher code Sex GenBank accession
number
Anyphaena cibagou Wang & Mi, sp. nov. TRU-XZ-ANY-0001 ♂PP356956
TRU-XZ-ANY-0002 ♀PP356957
A. linzhi Wang & Mi, sp. nov. TRU-XZ-ANY-0005 ♂PP356958
TRU-XZ-ANY-0006 ♀PP356962
A. shufui Wang & Mi, sp. nov. TRU-XZ-ANY-0014 ♀PP356960
TRU-XZ-ANY-0015 ♀PP356961
A. yejiei Wang & Mi, sp. nov. TRU-XZ-ANY-0017 ♀PP356959
TRU-XZ-ANY-0018 ♀PP356963
TRU-XZ-ANY-0019 ♀PP356964
Table 2.Anyphaena species using Kimura two-parameter
model.
Species ANY-0001 ANY-0002 ANY-0005 ANY-0006 ANY-0017 ANY-0018 ANY-0019 ANY-0014 ANY-0015
A. cibagou ANY-0001
A. cibagou ANY-0002 0.000
A. linzhi ANY-0005 0.019 0.019
A. linzhi ANY-0006 0.016 0.016 0.003
A. yejiei ANY-0017 0.019 0.019 0.022 0.019
A. yejiei ANY-0018 0.019 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.000
A. yejiei ANY-0019 0.019 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.000 0.000
A. shufui ANY-0014 0.033 0.033 0.034 0.033 0.036 0.036 0.036
A. shufui ANY-0015 0.033 0.033 0.034 0.033 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.000
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ZooKeys 1196: 1–14 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1196.119509
Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
Taxonomy
Family Anyphaenidae Bertkau,1878
Genus Anyphaena Sundevall, 1833
Anyphaena cibagou Wang & Mi, sp. nov.
https://zoobank.org/1179C7E2-BBB7-42DB-94D2-9A7857BA90A7
Figs 1A–C, 2, 4A, 6A
Type material. Holotype ♂ (TRU-XZ-ANY-0001), : Xizang Autonomous Re-
Paratypes 1♀
(TRU-XZ-ANY-0002), same data as for holotype; 1♀ (TRU-XZ-ANY-0003), Ciba-
C. Wang leg.
Etymology.
of locality, Cibagou National Nature Reserve.
Diagnosis. The species is closely similar to that of A. linzhi sp. nov., in hab-
itus and copulatory organs, but it can be easily distinguished by the following:
1) the main portion of the median apophysis is almost oval, and slightly longer
than wide in ventral view (Fig. 2B), vs elongate-oval, more than two times longer
than wide in A. linzhi sp. nov. (Fig. 3B); 2) the conductor is acutely narrowed dis-
tally (Fig. 4A), vs almost tapered at distal half in A. linzhi sp. nov. (Fig. 4B); 3) the
atrium is wider than long, and the median septum has a pair of laterally extend-
ed lamellar processes (Fig. 2D), vs atrium is longer than wide, and the median
septum lacks similar processes in A. linzhi sp. nov. (Fig. 3D); 4) the accessory
glands are located terminally on copulatory ducts (Fig. 2E), vs located medially
in A. linzhi sp. nov. (Fig. 3E); and 5) the spermathecae are elongate-oval (Fig.
2E), vs almost spherical in A. linzhi sp. nov. (Fig. 3E). The male also somewhat
resembles that of A. tibet Lin & Li, 2021 in having similar palp, especially the
invert L-shaped conductor in retrolateral view, but it can be easily distinguished
the ventral ramus length and with a blunt end in retrolateral view (Fig. 2C), vs
the dorsal ramus more than half the ventral ramus length and with a somewhat
pointed tip in A. tibet
2C, 4A), vs serrated on the inner margin in A. tibet
Description. Male (holotype; Figs 1A, B, 2A–C, 4A). Total length 6.72. Carapace
3.20 long, 2.78 wide. Abdomen 3.53 long, 2.35 wide. Clypeus 0.15 high. Eye sizes:
AME 0.12, ALE 0.15, PME 0.17, PLE 0.18. Legs: I 9.84 (2.24, 0.79, 3.06, 2.49, 1.26), II
8.48 (2.39, 0.75, 2.66, 1.90, 0.78), III 5.99 (1.95, 0.65, 1.62, 1.26, 0.51), IV 8.67 (2.46,
0.64, 2.34, 2.41, 0.82). Carapace pale yellow to brown, with sub-oval thorax, slightly
elevated cephalon, and big, irregular, brown markings; fovea longitudinal, dark red.
Chelicerae red-brown, with four promarginal and seven retromarginal teeth. En-
dites yellow, longer than wide, bearing dense dark setae on inner portion of anterior
margins. Labium darker than endites, bearing dark setae at distal margin. Sternum
yellow to red-brown, covered with dense short setae, and with three pairs of an-
teromedian yellow spots laterally. Legs yellow to red-brown, with triangular ventral
apophyses on base of coxae. Abdomen elongate-oval, dorsum red-brown to dark
brown, spotted, with longitudinal, anterior pale band, irregular, median, dark patch,
and two pairs of medium muscle depressions; venter pale to red-brown.
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Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
Figure 1. Habitus of Anyphaena spp. A–C A. cibagou Wang & Mi, sp. nov. D–F A. linzhi Wang & Mi, sp. nov. A, B, D, E male
holotypes and C, F female paratypes A, C, D, F dorsal view B, E ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
A B C
FED
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Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
Figure 2. Copulatory organs of Anyphaena cibagou Wang & Mi, sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A male palp,
prolateral view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E vulva, dorsal view F schematic
course of copulatory duct, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
ABC
F
ED
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Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
Palp (Figs 2A–C, 4A): patella slightly longer than wide, with short, sclerotized
distro-prolateral apophysis less than one-tenth its length; tibia about 1.5 times
longer than wide, with half-round, base-ventral apophysis and bifurcated retro-
lateral apophysis, which has long, bar-shaped ventral ramus directed towards
ca 11:30 o’clock position apically in retrolateral view, and short, lamellar dorsal
ramus; cymbium setose, bearing two distro-prolateral macro-setose; bulb al-
most oval; tegulum swollen; subtegulum elongated, prolaterally located; median
apophysis originates from the medium of retrolateral side of bulb, the main por-
tion almost oval, and with rather pointed tip slightly curved dorsally; embolus thin,
weakly sclerotized, partly hidden by conductor in ventral view; conductor anterior
to the base of median apophysis, curved into invert L-shape in retrolateral view.
Female (TRU-XZ-ANY-0002; Figs 1C, 2D–F). Total length 8.32. Carapace 3.05
long, 2.36 wide. Abdomen 5.59 long, 3.54 wide. Clypeus 0.17 high. Eye sizes:
AME 0.11, ALE 0.15, PME 0.16, PLE 0.17. Measurements of legs: I 11.15 (3.03,
1.09, 3.20, 2.48, 1.35), II 9.78 (2.75, 0.93, 2.76, 2.17, 1.17), III 7.56 (2.28, 0.88,
1.74, 1.79, 0.87), IV 10.49 (3.04, 0.92, 2.51, 2.92, 1.10). Habitus (Fig. 1C) similar
to that of male except having broad, longitudinal, pale band extending across
the whole surface, only with sex retromarginal cheliceral teeth and lacking ven-
tral apophysis on the base of coaxe.
Epigyne-vulva (Fig. 2D–F): wider than long, with anteriorly located, oval atri-
um more than half the epigynal width; median septum medially located on atri-
um, with strongly sclerotized, laterally extended lamellar processes; copulatory
openings invisible; copulatory ducts strongly curved at base and then gradually
thickened to connected to the anterolateral portions of elongate-oval, touched
spermathecae, with short, terminal accessory glands; fertilization ducts lamel-
lar, originate from the inner-base of spermathecae.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Xizang, China (Fig. 6A).
Anyphaena linzhi Wang & Mi, sp. nov.
https://zoobank.org/2D1BE0AA-F5DF-48BB-8B5F-79042CA311BC
Figs 1D–F, 3, 4B, 6A
Type material. Holotype ♂ (TRU-XZ-ANY-0004), : Xizang Autonomous
Paratypes 1♂7♀ (TRU-XZ-
ANY-0005–0012), same data as for holotype.
Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition and comes from the
type locality, Linzhi City.
Diagnosis. Anyphaena linzhi sp. nov. closely resembles that of A. cibagou sp.
nov., but it can be distinguished by the following: 1) the main portion of medi-
an apophysis is elongate-oval, more than two times longer than wide in ventral
view (Fig. 3B), vs almost oval, and slightly longer than wide in A. cibagou sp. nov.
(Fig. 2B); 2) the conductor is tapered at distal half in retrolateral view (Fig. 4B),
vs acutely narrowed distally in A. cibagou sp. nov. (Fig. 4A); 3) the atrium is lon-
ger than wide, and the median septum lacks process (Fig. 3D), vs atrium is wider
than long, and the median septum has laterally extended lamellar processes in
A. cibagou sp. nov. (Fig. 2D); 4) the accessory glands are located medially on
copulatory ducts (Fig. 3E), vs located terminally in A. cibagou sp. nov. (Fig. 2E);
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Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
Figure 3. Copulatory organs of Anyphaena linzhi Wang & Mi, sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A male palp,
prolateral view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E vulva, dorsal view F schematic
course of copulatory duct, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
A B C
F
E
D
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Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
and 5) the spermathecae are about spherical (Fig. 3E), vs elongate-oval in
A. cibagou sp. nov. (Fig. 2E). The male also somewhat resembles that of A. tibet
Lin & Li, 2021 in having very similar palpal structure, but it differs in: 1) the ven-
tral ramus of retrolateral tibial apophysis is anteroventrally extending, and about
three times longer than the dorsal ramus in retrolateral view (Fig. 3C), vs upward
extending, and less than two times longer than the dorsal ramus in A. tibet (Lin
inner margin in A. tibet
Description. Male (holotype; Figs 1D, E, 3A–C, 4B). Total length 6.52. Carapace
2.82 long, 2.36 wide. Abdomen 3.76 long, 2.25 wide. Clypeus 0.11 high. Eye sizes:
AME 0.12, ALE 0.16, PME 0.15, PLE 0.16. Measurements of legs: I 13.27 (3.42,
1.10, 4.12, 3.09, 1.54), II 11.87 (3.14, 1.06, 3.68, 2.69, 1.30), III 8.54 (2.66, 0.79,
2.24, 2.06, 0.79), IV 12.02 (3.31, 0.94, 3.17, 3.46, 1.14). Carapace almost oval,
with elevated cephalon, and big, irregular, brown markings; fovea longitudinal,
Figure 4. Bulb of Anyphaena spp., retrolateral view A A. cibagou Wang & Mi, sp. nov., holotype B A. linzhi Wang & Mi, sp.
nov., paratype. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
AB
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Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
red-brown. Chelicerae yellow to gray-brown, with four promarginal and eight ret-
romarginal teeth. Endites longer than wide, bearing clusters of dark-brown setae
on inner portion of anterior margins. Labium darker than endites. Sternum al-
most heart-shaped, setose. Legs yellow-brown, with sub-triangular apophyses
on the base of coxae. Abdomen elongated, dorsum pale to red-brown, with lon-
gitudinal, anteromedian pale band followed by two pairs of muscle depressions
and two irregular dark patches medially; venter paler to dark brown.
Palp (Figs 3A–C, 4B): patella slightly longer than wide, with sclerotized, disto-pro-
lateral apophysis; tibia slightly curved medially, with almost half-round ventro-ret-
rolateral apophysis at base and bifurcated disto-retrolateral apophysis, which has
straight, bar-shaped ventral ramus directed towards ca 10 o’clock position apically
in retrolateral view, and strongly sclerotized, lamellar dorsal ramus; cymbium lon-
ger than wide, with two slender, medially curved macrosetea on the distal portion
of prolateral margin; bulb almost oval; tegulum swollen; subtegulum elongated,
prolaterally located; median apophysis originates from the middle of retrolateral
side of bulb, main portion elongated, with somewhat pointed tip; embolus thin,
partly visible; conductor retrolateral to the main portion of median apophysis,
strongly curved medially, and with tapered distal half extending anteroventrally.
Female (TRU-XZ-ANY-0006; Figs 1F, 3D–F). Total length 8.41. Carapace 3.05
long, 2.50 wide. Abdomen 5.50 long, 3.64 wide. Clypeus 0.12 high. Eye sizes
AME 0.10, ALE 0.15, PME 0.14, PLE 0.15. Measurements of legs: I 12.89 (3.26,
1.39, 3.60, 3.06, 1.58), II 11.40 (3.00, 1.22, 3.18, 2.74, 1.26), III 8.85 (2.52, 1.16,
2.05, 2.18, 0.94), IV 11.73 (3.12, 1.20, 2.87, 3.38, 1.16). Habitus (Fig. 1F) similar
to that of male except having the dorsal abdominal pale band extending the
whole surface, seven retromarginal cheliceral teeth, and lacking ventral apoph-
ysis on the base of coaxe.
Epigyne and vulva (Fig. 3D–F): wider than long; atrium almost hexagonal,
anteriorly located; median septum almost linguiform; copulatory ducts curved,
gradually thicken, with short, medially located accessory glands less than
one-third the largest diameter of copulatory ducts in length; spermathecae
sub-spherical, touched; fertilization ducts lamellar.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Xizang, China (Fig. 6A).
Anyphaena shufui Wang & Mi, sp. nov.
https://zoobank.org/F0B57275-CDBF-4315-A047-4AFB9D08EDF1
Figs 5A, B, E, F, I, 6B
Type material. Holotype ♀ (TRU-XZ-ANY-00013), CHINA: Xizang Autonomous
Paratypes 1♀ (TRU-XZ-
ANY-0014), same data as for holotype; 1♀ (TRU-XZ-ANY-0015), Cibagou Nation-
Etymology. The species is named after Mr Fu Shu, who helped us with spec-
imens collecting in Linzhi, Xizang; noun (name) in genitive case.
Diagnosis. Anyphaena shufui sp. nov. closely resembles that of A. rhyncho-
physa Feng, Ma & Yang, 2012 in epigyne-vulva structure, but it can be easily
distinguished by the atrium, which is slit-shaped (Fig. 5E), vs oval in A. rhyncho-
physa
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ZooKeys 1196: 1–14 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1196.119509
Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
Figure 5. Female holotypes of Anyphaena spp. A, B, E, F, I A. shufui Wang & Mi, sp. nov. C, D, G, H, J A. yejiei Wang & Mi,
sp. nov. A, C habitus, dorsal view B, D ditto, ventral view E, G epigyne, ventral view F, H vulva, dorsal view I, J schematic
course of copulatory duct, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–D); 0.2 mm (E–H).
ABCD
FE
G
J
I
H
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ZooKeys 1196: 1–14 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1196.119509
Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
Figure 6. Distributional records of the Anyphaena spp. A A. cibagou Wang & Mi, sp. nov. and A. linzhi Wang & Mi, sp. nov.
B A. shufui Wang & Mi, sp. nov. and A. yejiei Wang & Mi, sp. nov.
Description. Female (holotype; Fig. 5 A, B, E, F, I). Total length 8.95. Carapace
3.95 long, 3.19 wide. Abdomen 5.76 long, 3.90 wide. Clypeus 0.30 high. Eye
sizes: AME 0.11, ALE 0.20, PME 0.19, PLE 0.20. Legs: I 14.99 (4.14, 1.22, 4.45,
3.40, 1.78); II 13.69 (3.91, 1.21, 3.83, 3.25, 1.49); III 10.61 (3.23, 1.08, 2.65, 2.53,
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Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
1.12); IV 14.71 (4.40, 1.24, 3.64, 4.12, 1.31). Carapace yellow to brown, with
oval thorax and elevated cephalon, bearing big, irregular brown markings; fovea
longitudinal, dark red. Chelicerae red-brown, with three promarginal and eight
retromarginal teeth. Endites red-brown, ca two times longer than wide. Labi-
um colored as endites. Sternum red-brown, setose, with irregular dark yellow
stripes. Legs yellow to brown. Abdomen elongated, dorsum pale to brown, with
anterior, longitudinal irregular pale band followed by brown markings, and two
pairs of muscle depressions; venter paler than dorsum.
Epigyne-vulva (Fig. 5E, F, I): wider than long; atrium anteriorly located, slit-
shaped; copulatory openings located on the lateral sides of atrium; copulatory
ducts widened at base, and then folded and acutely narrowed to tube-shaped
portions, which curved medially and with oval, terminal accessory glands; sper-
mathecae elongate-oval, touched; fertilization ducts lamellar.
Male. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Xizang, China (Fig. 6B).
Anyphaena yejiei Wang & Mi, sp. nov.
https://zoobank.org/71FE6C75-DCE8-4CDB-A4C6-8136566069C7
Figs 5C, D, G, H, J, 6B
Type material. Holotype ♀ (TRU-XZ-ANY-00016), : Xizang Autonomous
Paratypes 4♀ (TRU-XZ-
ANY-0017–0020), same data as for holotype; 2♀ (TRU-XZ-ANY-0021–0022),
2023, C. Wang leg.
Etymology. The species is named after Mr Yejie Lin, who contributed to the
taxonomic study of Chinese Anyphaena species and helped with species iden-
Diagnosis. Anyphaena yejiei sp. nov. is similar to that of A. shenzhen Lin & Li,
2021 in having a very long, distorted copulatory duct, but it can be easily distin-
guished by the medially located atrium and medially originated copulatory duct
(Fig. 5G, H), vs anteriorly located atrium and anteriorly originated copulatory
duct in A. shenzhen A.
cibagou sp. nov. in having a similar median septum, but it can be easily distin-
guished by the medially located atrium and much thinner and coiled copulatory
ducts (Fig. 5G, H), vs anteriorly located atrium and much thicken, and not coiled
copulatory ducts in A. cibagou sp. nov. (Fig. 2D, E).
Description. Female (Fig. 5C, D, G, H, J). Total length 7.84. Carapace 3.00
long, 2.44 wide. Abdomen 4.72 long, 3.00 wide. Clypeus height 0.17. Eye sizes:
AME 0.11, ALE 0.16, PME 0.15, PLE 0.17. Measurements of legs: I 7.92 (2.12,
0.75, 2.10, 1.94, 1.01); II 7.18 (1.95, 0.78, 1.77, 1.72, 0.96); III 5.15 (1.36, 0.60,
1.14, 1.46, 0.59); IV 7.39 (2.05, 0.70, 1.77, 2.23, 0.64). Carapace pale yellow to
brown, with sub-oval thorax and elevated cephalon bearing big, brown mark-
ings; fovea longitudinal, dark red. Chelicerae red-brown, with four promarginal
and seven retromarginal teeth. Endites dark yellow, almost paralleled. Labium
dark brown, with pale distal portion bearing dense dark setae. Sternum yel-
low, almost heart-shaped, with small dark-brown spots. Legs pale to brown.
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Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
Abdomen elongated, dorsum fuchsia, with irregular yellow and fuchsia mark-
ings; venter pale, covered with brown spots laterally.
Epigyne-vulva (Fig. 5G, H, J): longer than wide, with oval, medially located
atrium separated by the sub-oval septum; copulatory openings beneath the
lateral margin of atrium; copulatory ducts long, forming complicated coils and
with medially located, bar-shaped accessory glands extending downward;
spermathecae elongated, touched, with two sub-spherical portions; fertiliza-
tion ducts lamellar, originate at the anterior portions of the outside spherical
potions of spermathecae.
Male. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Xizang, China (Fig. 6B).
Acknowledgements
Turku) and Yejie Lin (Beijing, China). We are grateful to Hong Yao, Nonghao Yao
molecular work.
Additional information
Conict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Ethical statement
No ethical statement was reported.
Funding
-
al Nature Reserve Project, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-
32200369), the Science and Technology Project Foundation of Guizhou Province
([2020]1Z014), the Key Laboratory Project of Guizhou Province ([2020]2003), the Train-
ing Project of High-level Innovative Talents of Guizhou Province (2024-(2022)-050), and
the Doctoral Research Foundation of Tongren University (trxyDH2102).
Author contributions
the species photos and descriptions. CW, XM, and SL drafted and revised the manu-
Author ORCIDs
Shikai Li https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3947-2550
Shilin Wang https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0759-5350
Xiaoqi Mi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1744-3855
Cheng Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1831-0579
Data availability
14
ZooKeys 1196: 1–14 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1196.119509
Shikai Li et al.: Four new species of Anyphaena from China
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