Available via license: CC BY-NC 4.0
Content may be subject to copyright.
*Corresponding author: <vivekarach@gmail.com>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2024.21.01.992 -ls
Khulna University Studies
Volume 21(1): 10-20: 2024
Copyright©Khulna University
TAXONOMIC RECORD OF JUMPING SPIDERS GENUS
BIANOR
(PECKHAM &
PECKHAM, 1885) FROM COASTAL BANGLADESH
(ARANEAE: PELLENINAE: SALTICIDAE)
Vivekanand Biswas
Department of Zoology, Khulna Govt. Women’s College, Khulna – 9000, Bangladesh
KUS: 992: 02062023
Manuscript submitted: June 2, 2023 Accepted: September 2, 2023
Abstract
Three species of jumping spider’s genus Bianor (Peckham & Peckham, 1885) of the family Salticidae are recorded
first time in Bangladesh. These are Bianor hotingchiehi Schenkel 1963, B. narmadaensis (Tikader 1975) and B. pashanensis
(Tikader 1975). Comprehensive descriptions of the species, along with their respective generic diagnoses and
distribution, are presented herein.
Keywords: Jumping spider, Salticidae, Araneae, Pelleninae, Bangladesh
Introduction
The family Salticidae of jumping spiders, renowned for their captivating appearance and predatory nature, constitute
a significant presence in crop fields, gardens, and forests. With a cosmopolitan distribution, this family encompasses
a global total of 6,115 species belonging to 636 genera (World Spider Catalog, 2024; Proszynski, 1990; Logunov &
Marusik, 2000). Genus Bianor (Peckham & Peckham, 1885) is found in the gardens and forests of Bangladesh. These
are usually available on the leaves of shrubs searching preys to and fro on the days. They serve as vital biological
control agents for small insect pests in field crops and gardens.
The genus Bianor are small but robust, colorful and attractive spiders. The genus was established by Peckham
and Peckham in 1885, designating the type-species B. maculatus (Keyserling, 1883). Currently, the genus comprises 28
species worldwide ( World Spider Catalog, 2024; Fuhn & Gherasim, 1995 ) and only 7 (seven ) species described in
the Indian Sub-continent and 14 species described in Asian countries ( Keswani et al., 2012 ; Tikader, 1975 ; Tikader
& Biswas, 1981 ; Logunov, 1991, 2001 ; Song et al., 1997, 1999 ; Zabka, 1985, 1997 ; Thorell, 1890; Simon, 1901 ;
Jastrazebski, 2007 ; Peng, 2020 ; Peng et al., 1993 ; Yaginuma, 1986 ; Chen & Zhang, 1991 ; Zhao, 1993 ; Proszynski,
1990, 1992 ; Koh, 1986 ). But previous taxonomic record of this genus in Bangladesh is absent. This article
provides an illustrative description of three species namely B. hotingchiehi Schenkel, B. narmadaensis (Tikader) and B.
pashanensis (Tikader) recorded from the southwestern coastal Bangladesh those were absent up till now.
Materials and Method
Collection and preservation
The spiders were gathered from the Sundarbans mangroves located along the southwestern coast of Bangladesh.
Collection involved gently tapping and shaking the branches of trees over an inverted umbrella positioned beneath
the plants. Subsequently, the collected specimens were placed in a petridish containing ethyl alcohol, allowing their
appendages to relax for a period of 2 to 3 hours, as outlined by Chowdhury & Nagari in 1981. Following the sorting
process, the samples were carefully preserved in glass vials filled with 70% ethyl alcohol to facilitate identification.
Ultimately, the specimens were conserved using 'Audman's Preservatives,' a solution composed of 90 parts 70%
alcohol, 5 parts glycerin, and 5 parts glacial acetic acid. (Lincoln and Sheals, 1985; Tikader, 1987).
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
LIFE SCIENCE
Khulna University Studies Volume 21(1): 10-20: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2024.21.01.992 -ls
11
Identification and deposition
The preserved specimens were subsequently subjected to identification procedures based on Barrion & Litsinger
(1995), Schenkel (1963), Tikader (1975, 1987), Zabka (1985, 1997), Yin and Wang (1981), Yaginuma (1986), Okuma
et al., (1993), Zhao (1993), Song et al. (1999), Proszynski (1992), Logunov (2000), Cho and Kim (2002), Jastrazebski
(2007), Biswas (2009), Kaldari (2010) and Peng (2020).
Dissection and study
Spider body parts were carefully dissected using a Stereo Binocular Microscope, employing a petridish containing
alcohol and sand grains. The male palp underwent a brief boiling process in 10% KOH for a duration of 3 to 5
minutes, while the epigynum was immersed in clove oil for 12 to 18 hours, following the technique established by
Tikader in 1987. For microscopic examination, the male palp and female epigynum were individually positioned in
separate microvials, both of which were then placed within a larger vial alongside the parent spider (Kaston, 1972;
Biswas, 2021).
Illustration and photographs
The spider's body and its various components were visually depicted using a Stereo Binocular Microscope equipped
with a Camera Lucida. Measurements of the legs were acquired in the subsequent order: femur, patella, tibia,
metatarsus, tarsus, and total length, all in millimeters. Photographic documentation was conducted utilizing a
microscope fitted with a camera (specifically the SV8 model by Zeiss) as well as a DSLR camera.
Observation and results
Taxonomy
Family: Salticidae Blackwall, 1841
Subfamily: Pelleninae Petrunkevitch, 1928
Genus: Bianor
Peckham & Peckham, 1885
Type-species: B. maculatus (Keyserling, 1883)
1885. Bianor Peckham & Peckham, Proc. nat. Hist. Soc. Wisc., 8: 284.
1901. Bianor : Simon, Hist. nat. Araign.,2: 641
1934. Bianor : Gertsch,Amer. Mus. Novit.,726: 1-26.
1963. Bianor: Schenkel, Mem. Mus. Natn. Hist. nat. , Paris, (A. Zool.), 25: 434.
1981. Bianor : in & Wang, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 6 (3): 1.
1985. Bianor : Zabka, Ann. Zool., Warszawa, 39 (11): 201.
1986. Bianor : Yaginuma, Spiders of Japan in colour: 236.
1990. Bianor : Proszynski, Catalologue of Salticidae, Araneae: 71.
1991. Bianor : Logunov, Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 70 (6): 51.
1991. Bianor : Chen & Zhang, Fauna of Zhejiang, Araneida: 288.
1992. Bianor : Proszynski,Annales Zoologici, 44 (9) : 165.
1993. Bianor : Peng et al.,Salticids in China, 22.
1993. Bianor : Okuma et al., Illutr. Monogr. Rice-field Spiders of Bangladesh: 75.
1993. Bianor : Zhao, Spiders in the cotton field of China: 390.
1994. Bianor : Wesolowska & Harten, The Jumping Spiders of Yemen: 14.
1995. Bianor : Barrion & Litsinger, Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia: 61.
1995. Bianor : Fuhn & Gherasim, Fauna Rumaniei, Arachnida, Familia Salticidae: 177.
1997. Bianor : Platnick, Advancves in Spider Taxonomy: 864.
1997. Bianor : Song et al., Sichuan J. Zool.,16: 149.
1997. Bianor: Zabka, Fauna Polski, Fauna Poloniae, 19: 41.
1999. Bianor : Song et al., The Spiders of China: 506.
2000. Bianor : Logunov & Marusik, Catalogue of the jumping spiders of Northern Asia: 41.
2001. Bianor : Logunov, Arthropoda Selecta, 9 (4): 221.
2002. Bianor : Cho & kim, Korean Arachnol., 18 (2): 90.
2009. Bianor : Biawas, Encyclopedis of flora and fauna of Bangladesh, 18 (1): 260.
2009. Bianor : Logunov, Zookeys, 16: 267.
Biswas (2024). Taxonomic Record Of Jumping Spiders Genus Bianor (Peckham & Peckham, 1885) from Coastal Bangladesh (Araneae: Pelleninae:
Salticidae). Khulna University Studies. Volume 21(1): 10-20
12
2015. Bianor : Platnick, World Spider Catalog, Version 15.0, :1225.
2020. Bianor : Peng, Fauna Sinica, Vol. 53, Araneae, Salticidae: 44.
2024. Bianor : World Spider Catalog, Version 24.0, Nat. Hist. Mus. Bern., Online at – http ://www.wsc.nmbe.ch
(accessed on 7th February, 2024).
Diagnosis: Genus Bianor Peckham & Peckham are colorful, attractive and robust in characters, inhabiting in the
plant foliage of garden and forests. They belong to the subfamily Pelleninae under the family Salticidae. The genus
was first established by Peckham and Peckham in 1885 and at present it contains a total 28 valid species (World
Spider Catalog, 2024) majority of which are occurring in the Oriental and Ethiopian regions.
These are small to medium (size ranges from 3.30 mm to 6.40 mm) with yellowish- brown to brown in color.
Sexes are similar in general body form and appearance but male are more variegated with colorful dorsal markings
and elongated scutum.
Carapace is elevated and displays a reticulate pattern, adorned with white scales. The eyes are arranged in
three rows, with the front row being narrower; the middle row is situated closer to the anterior lateral eyes (ALE). In
males, the clypeus is vertically oriented at the front. Chelicerae of male strong; promargin with either 2 median teeth
or 1 robust tooth. Maxillae square or nearly elongate, endite with scopullae. Labium sub -triangular. Sternum oval
with anterior margin concave.
Abdomen is elongated, surpassing its width, and its dorsal side is characterized by a uniform brown
coloration adorned with distinctive markings in the form of paired white spots and lines; Males possess a robust,
elongated dorsal scutum. The legs are sturdy, with the first leg being particularly strong and longer than the rest. The
femora are noticeably swollen, and the tibia and metatarsi are covered with hairs. Legs II – IV subequal and alike in
both sexes. Leg formula in male 1342 or 1432 in female. The female palp lacks spines and claws. In the male, the
cymbium of the palp has a general shape, while the tegulum is flat. Female epigynum always with a blind pocket and
sometimes with 2 pockets.
Biological note: The genus Bianor Peckham & Peckham are rare and uncommon in the fauna of Bangladesh. These
spiders are usually found on the leaves or twigs of shrubs in the fields for searching preys. Their diet primarily
consists of small insect pests, such as small grasshoppers, green leafhoppers (GLH), brown plant hoppers (BPH),
white-backed plant hoppers (WBPH), aphids, moths, flies, and similar organisms. They usually scattered wandering
to and fro in their habitat and when come in touch to the preys, immediately catch it by jumping and extending the
spiny legs and claws forward.
Members of the genus Bianor cannot spin webs but make typical nests in the breeding season, within which
the female lay eggs and stay there up to maturity of the spiderlings. The female usually spends winter season within
the nest and after emergence of spiderlings as adult, they come out and leave the nest. In the day, during direct
sunlight, the spiderlings feed the body fluid of their mother and don’t leave the body without the permission of
mother (Foelix,2011). In majority of the cases, mother dies by the young due to continuous feeding of her body
fluids.
Genus Bianor usually lives in the deep garden near crop-fields and forests. The spiderlings escape cuticle 3-
4 times (molting) in the nests and thus became adult after completion of successive molts.
Distribution: BANGLADESH: Joydebpur (Gazipur), Khulna, Bagerhat; INDIA; CHINA; MYANMAR;
VIETNAM.
Key to the species of genus
Bianor
Peckham & Peckham
1 Abdomen anteriorly wide, decorated; cheliceral inner margin with 3 teeth ; labium medially without any
depression; epigyne complex ……. ………. …… ………………………………... 2
Abdomen medially wide, not decorated; cheliceral inner margin with only 1 tooth; labium medially with a
depression; epigyne with spine, curved growth
……. ……. ……. …… …………………….. narmadaensis
Khulna University Studies Volume 21(1): 10-20: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2024.21.01.992 -ls
13
2. Abdomen with few paired, white spots; sternum posteriorly bluntly pointed; chelicerae without any tooth,
anterior margin wide; epigyne with 2 curved, teeth-like projection oneach side ……….. ………..
…………. …………. ………………………..……. …….. hotingchiehi
_ Abdomen with numerous decorations; sternum posteriorly not pointed, depressed; cheliceral inner margin
with 3 teeth, anteriorly not wide; epigyne complex
……….. …………. ……. ………... ……… ……. Pashanensis
1. Bianor hotingchiehi Schenkel, 1963
(Figs. 1a-I; plate -Ia )
1963. Bianor hotingchiehi Schenkel, Mem. Mus. Natn. Hist. nat, Paris, (A. Zool.), 25: 434.
1976. Bianor hotingchiehi: Proszynski, Studiu
.
Systematyczno-zoogeograficzne nad rodzina Salticidae (Aranei): 127.
1979. Bianor hotingchiehi: Yin & Wang, J. Hunan Teacher’s College, (nat. sci. ed.), 1979 (1): 27-63.
1980. Bianor hotingchiehi: Bohoonowicz, Ann. Zool. Warszawa, 35 (18): 253.
1980. Bianor hotingchiehi: Song, Farm Spiders of China: 209.
1984. Bianor hotingchiehi : Hu, The Chineser spiders collected from field and forests: 354.
1985. Bianor hotingchiehi : Zabka, Ann. Zool. Warszawa, 39 (11 ) : 201.
1990. Bianor hotingchiehi: Proszynski, Catalogue of Salticidae, Araneae 72.
1991. Bianor hotingchiehi: Chen & Zhang, Fauna of Zhejiang, Araneida: 288.
1993. Bianor hotingchiehi: Okuma etal., Illustr. Mongr. Rice-field spiders of Bangladesh: 75.
1993. Bianor hotingchiehi : Peng et al., Salticids in China: 26.
1993. Bianor hotingchiehi: Zhao, Spiders in the cotton fields of China: 391.
1995. Bianor hotingchiehi: Barrion & Litsinger,Riceland spiders of South & S.East Asia : 62
1997. Bianor hotingchichi: Platnick, Advances in Spider Taxonomy: 865.
1999. Bianor hotingchiehi: Song et al., The Spiders in China: 506.
2009. Bianor hotingchiehi: Biswas, Encyclopedia of flora & fauna of Bangladesh: 260.
2019. Bianor hotingchiehi: Biswas, Bangladesh J. Zool., 47 (2): 203.
2024. Bianor narmadaensis: World Spider Catalog, Version 24.0, Online at http://wwwwsc.nmbe.ch (accessed on
7th February, 2024).
Material examined: 1 female, Karamjal, the Sundarbans, Khulna, 12.V. 2019 , Coll. V. Biswas ; 1 female,
Dumuria, Khulna, 18. VII. 2020, Coll. V. Biswas; 1 male, Paikgachha & Karamjal, the Sundarbans, Khulna, 19. VI.
2021 & 25. IX. 2021, Coll. V. Biswas.
General: The body exhibits a brown color and ranges from small to medium in size, a robust build. The overall
length of the male spans from 3.2 mm to 6.0 mm, while the female ranges from 3.8 mm to 6.4 mm. Specifically, the
cephalothorax of the male measures 2.1 mm in length and 1.98 mm in width, while the female's cephalothorax
measures 2.0 mm in length and 1.97 mm in width. In terms of the abdomen, the male's dimensions are 1.97 mm in
length and 1.86 mm in width, whereas the female's abdomen measures 2.4 mm in length and 1.96 mm in width.
Cephalothorax: Female individuals are oval-shaped and slightly smaller than males. The anterior three-fourths of
the body features a deep black patch, with a wide central portion adorned with fine hairs. The eyes are pearly -white
and asymmetrical. The front row of eyes is slightly curved, with the anteromedians being larger than the
anterolaterals. The second row of eyes is very small and positioned closer to the front row, while the posterior row
is straight and widely spaced. The ocular trapezium is rhomboid and broader. The chelicerae are brown, robust, and
stout, broader towards the front, bearing a single tooth on the outer margin (Fig. 1c). Maxillae are brown, longer
than wide, and covered with small hairs (scopulate) (Fig. 1d). The labium is brown at its base, vase -shaped, and also
scopulate (Fig. 1d). The sternum is light brown and shaped like a heart (Fig. 1d). The legs are long and sturdy, with
the first leg being brown and more robust than the others (Fig. 1f). The leg arrangement follows the sequence 1423,
and the measurements are presented in Table 1.
Biswas (2024). Taxonomic Record Of Jumping Spiders Genus Bianor (Peckham & Peckham, 1885) from Coastal Bangladesh (Araneae: Pelleninae:
Salticidae). Khulna University Studies. Volume 21(1): 10-20
14
Table 1. Measurements of leg segments (mm) of female B. hotingchiehi Schenkel
Leg
Femur & Patella
Tibia
Metatarsus
Tarsus
Total
I
2.70 / 2.70
1.40 / 1.40
0.80 / 0.80
0.50 / 0.50
5.40 / 5.40
II
1.14 / 1.14
0.90 / 0.90
0.70 / 0.70
0.40 / 0.40
3.14 / 3.14
III
1.12 / 1.12
0.80 / 0.80
0.70 / 0.70
0.50 / 0.50
3.12 / 3.12
IV
1.12 / 1.12
0.90 / 0.90
0.80 / 0.80
0.60 / 0.60
3.42 / 3.42
Male: The carapace is broad and dark brown, sometimes even longer than the abdomen. It is covered with small
black hairs and embellished with white spots. The eyes are pearly-white and dissimilar; the front row of eyes is
slightly curved, with the anteromedian eyes being larger than the anterolateral ones, each featuring a black basal
band (Fig. 1b). The chelicerae are brown, wider towards the front, and have one tooth on both inner and outer
margins (Fig. 1c). The maxillae, labium, and sternum share similarities with the female (Fig. 1d). The legs are brown
and robust, with the first pair of legs being notably larger and stronger than the others (Fig. 1e). The leg arrangement
follows the sequence 1432, and the measurements (in millimeters) of the leg segments are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Measurements of leg segments (mm) of male B. hotingchiehi Schenkel
Leg
Femur & Patella
Tibia
Metatarsus
Tarsus
Total
I
1.97/ 1.97
1.69 / 1.69
1.31 / 1.31
1.92 / 1.92
6.89 / 6.89
II
1.07 / 1.07
0.72 / 0.72
0.77 / 0.77
1.23 / 1.23
3.79 / 3.79
III
1.18 / 1.18
0.66 / 0.66
0.82 / 0.82
1.41 / 1.41
4.07 / 4.07
IV
1.25 / 1.25
0.79 / 0.79
0.72 / 0.72
1.33 / 1.33
4.09 / 4.09
Figs.- 1 (a-i): Bianor hotingchiehi Schenkel
a. Female (dorsal); b. Male (dorsal); c. Male & Female Chelicerae;
d. Maxilliae, Labium & Sternum (male); e. Male leg-I; f. Female leg-I;
g. Female epigynum; h. Male palp (lateral); i. Male palp (ventral)
Khulna University Studies Volume 21(1): 10-20: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2024.21.01.992 -ls
15
Male smaller than the female but more stronger and can jump a wide distance during preying. Male palp with
cymbium and tegulum little curved ( Fig. h, i).
Abdomen: Female: Broadly oval, posteromedially wide, with small hairs and pubescence; in some dorsum with
white spots in male but in majority it is absent; ventrally pale brown; epigyne with teeth - like projections inwardly.
Male: Oval, little smaller than cephalothorax; medially wide and posteriorly pointed; dorsum covered with small
hairs, pubescence and some white spots; spinnerets compact.
Distribution: BANGLADESH : Bagerhat, Khulna, Gazipur; CHINA; VIETNAM
(Okuma et al., 1993; Proszynski,1990; Peng, et al., 1993; Song et al., 1999; Peng, 2020 ).
2. Bianor narmadaensis ( Tikader, 1975 )
( Figs. 2 a-f ; Plate Ib )
1975. Zygoballus narmadaensis Tikader, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.,81 (4): 151.
1990. Zygoballus narmadaensis: Proszynski, Catalogue of Salticidae, Araneae: 366.
1992. Zygoballus narmadaensis : Biswas & Biswas, Fauna of West Bengal, Araneae, 3: 401.
2000. Madunda narmadaensis: Proszynski, Catalogue ofSalticidae (Araneae), version 20.0, (accessed on 5th May,
2022).
2005. Zygoballus narmadaensis : Majumder, Mem. Zool. Surv. India,20 (3): 49.
2009. Zygoballus narmadaensis : Biswas, Encycl. of flora & fauna of Bangladesh, 18 (1), 307.
2010. Bianor narmadaensis : Kaldari, Peckhamia,82 (1): 2.
2017. Bianor narmadaensis :Dhali et al., World Scientific News, 63 : 31.
2024. Bianor narmadaensis: World Spider Catalog, Version 24.0, Online at – http: //www. Wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed
on 7th February, 2024).
Material examined: 2 female, Bagerhat, 12. V. 1991 & 19.VII.1992, Coll. V. Biswas;
2 female Dumuria, Khulna, 1.VIII.1992, Coll. V. Biswas; 1 female, Jashore, 26. XII.1993, Coll. V. Biswas; 2 female,
Batiaghata, Khulna, 9.V. 1994, Coll. V. Biswas.
General: Body dark brown with cephalothorax darker; legs yellow brown with 1st leg deep brown. The entire body
measures 3.50 mm in length. The carapace has a length of 1.50 mm and a width of 1.20 mm, while the abdomen is
2.00 mm long and 1.50 mm wide.
Cephalothorax: Oval, with a broader central portion that narrows slightly in the antero-posterior direction. The
cephalic region is elevated and flat, covered in a layer of fine hairs. The eyes are pearly-white and exhibit
dissimilarity. The front row of eyes is strongly recurved, where the anteromedians are notably larger, approximately
four times, compared to the anterolaterals. The second row of eyes is smaller and situated closer to the anterior row.
The posterior row of eyes runs straight and is positioned near the margins. The configuration of the eyes forms a
wider rhomboid shape known as the ocular trapezium. Chelicerae are robust, wider than their length, and feature
one and two teeth on the inner and outer margins, respectively (Fig. 2b).
Biswas (2024). Taxonomic Record Of Jumping Spiders Genus Bianor (Peckham & Peckham, 1885) from Coastal Bangladesh (Araneae: Pelleninae:
Salticidae). Khulna University Studies. Volume 21(1): 10-20
16
Figure 2. (a-f): Bianor narmadaensis ( Tikader)
a. Female (dorsal); b. Chelicerae; c. Maxilliae & Labium ;
d. Sternum; e. Tarsus of leg-I; f. Female epigynum
Maxillae are brown, elongated, and covered with small hairs (scopulate) (Fig. 2c). Labium is brown, resembling the
shape of an apple, and is also scopulate (Fig. 2c). Sternum is brown and takes on a vase-like shape (Fig. 2d). Legs are
short, strong, and stout, bearing both hairs and spines (Fig. 2e). The first leg is particularly large and robust,
characterized by a broad femur. The tibiae and metatarsi of the legs possess three and two pairs of ventral spines,
respectively. The leg arrangement follows the pattern 1432, and specific measurements (in millimeters) are shown in
Table 3.
♀
Khulna University Studies Volume 21(1): 10-20: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2024.21.01.992 -ls
17
Table 3. Measurements of leg segments (mm) of B. narmadaensis (Tikader ).
Leg
Femur
Patella & Tibia
Metatarsus
Tarsus
Total
I
1.50 /1.50
2.50 / 2.50
0.80 / 0.80
0.50 / 0.50
5.50 / 5.50
II
1.20 / 1.20
1.50 / 1.50
0.70 / 0.70
0.50 / 0.50
4.00 / 4.00
III
1.80 / 1.80
1.70 / 1.70
0.70 / 0.70
0.40 / 0.40
4.90 / 4.90
IV
1.90 / 1.90
1.90 / 1.90
0.80 / 0.80
0.50 / 0.50
5.30 / 5.30
Abdomen: Broad, oval, narrowing posteriorly, longer than wide, covered with fine grey hairs and pubescence;
ventrally pale in color and covered with hairs; measurement epigyne as in fig. 3f.
Distribution : BANGLADESH : Bagerhat, Jashore and Khulna ; INDIA ( Tikader, 1975 ;
Proszynski, 1990, 2000; Majumder, 2005).
3. Bianor pashanensis ( Tikader, 1975 )
( Figs. 3 a-f ; Plate Ic)
1975. Zygoballus pashanensis Tikader, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 81 (4) : 151.
1983. Zygoballus pashanensis : Brignoli, A Catalogue of Araneae : 658.
1990. Zygoballus pashanensis : Proszynski, Catalogue of Salticidae , Araneae : 366.
2000. Mudunda pashanensis : Proszynski, Salticidae of the world, part-II, Araneae : Version May, 2000.
2009. Zygoballus pashanensis : Biswas, Encycl. of flora & fauna of Bangladesh, 18 (1) : 308.
2010. Bianor pashanensis : Kaldari, Peckhamia, 82 (1) : 1.
2024. Bianor narmadaensi s: World Spider Catalog, Version 24.0, Online at – http: //www. Wsc.nmbe.ch
(accessed on 7th February, 2024).
Figs.- 3 (a-f) : Bianor pashanensis ( Tikader)
a. Female (dorsal); b. Chelicerae; c. Maxilliae & Labium
d. Sternum ; e. Female leg-I; f. Epigynum
Biswas (2024). Taxonomic Record Of Jumping Spiders Genus Bianor (Peckham & Peckham, 1885) from Coastal Bangladesh (Araneae: Pelleninae:
Salticidae). Khulna University Studies. Volume 21(1): 10-20
18
Material examined: 2 female, Jhenaidah, 19. III. 1992, Coll. V. Biswas ; 1 female A.D.I, Faridpur, 17.IV. 1994,
Coll. V. Biswas ; 2 female, Bagerhat, 9.IV. 1993; Coll. V. Biswas; 2 female, Daulatpur, Khulna, 27. XII. 1994, Coll.
V. Biswas.
General: Body medium, robust and brown in colour. The cephalothorax and abdomen exhibit a deep brown
coloration. The legs are yellow-brown, with the first leg appearing reddish-brown. The total body length measures
5.20 mm. Specifically, the carapace spans a length of 2.20 mm and a width of 2.00 mm, while the abdomen measures
3.00 mm in length and 2.50 mm in width.
Cephalothorax: Roundish in shape, with a broader middle portion. It is longer than wide, and presents a raised and
flat profile. The surface is adorned with fine hairs and pubescence. Eyes are pearly - white, dissimilar; anterior row
recurved and closely placed; anteromedians thrice larger than anterolaterals; 2nd row of eyes bread- like, smaller,
straight, equidistantly placed; posterior row straight, rather widely placed; ocular trapezium rhomboidal, narrowing
anteriorly. Chelicerae red brown, thick and long, parallel sided, outer margin with three teeth (Fig. 3b). Maxillae are
brown and have a scopulate texture at the front (Fig. 3c). Labium is brown and resembles the shape of an apple, also
with scopulate features at the anterior portion (Fig. 3c). Sternum is brown and takes on a vase-like shape (Fig. 3d).
Legs are robust and covered with both hairs and spines (Fig. 3e). The first leg (leg-I) stands out with its pronounced
strength, featuring a broad dorsal femur. Tibiae and metatarsi of the legs each possess three and two pairs of spines,
respectively. The leg arrangement follows the sequence 1432, and specific measurements (in millimeters) for the leg
segments are shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Measurements of leg segments (mm) of B. pashanensis (Tikader)
Leg
Femur
Patella & Tibia
Metatarsus
Tarsus
Total
I
1.50 /1.50
2.70 / 2.70
1.80 / 1.80
0.50 / 0.50
6.50 / 6.50
II
1.20 / 1.20
1.50 / 1.50
0.90 / 0.90
0.40 / 0.40
4.00 / 4.00
III
1.30 / 1.30
1.60 / 1.60
1.00 / 1.00
0.40 / 0.40
4.30 / 4.30
IV
1.40 / 1.40
1.90 / 1.90
1.00 / 1.00
0.50 / 0.50
4.80 / 4.80
Abdomen: Oval in shape, broader towards the front and tapering towards the posterior end. It is longer than wide.
Dorsum is adorned with hairs, spines, and a thick covering of pubescence. Ventral side are pale brown and is
densely covered in hair. The epigyne takes on a vulvate shape (fig. 3f).
Distribution: BANGLADESH : Jhenaidah, Faridpur, Bagerhat, Khulna; INDIA
(Tikader, 1975; Proszynski, 1990. 2000; Majumder, 2005).
Plate –I (a-c) : Photographs of described species.
a. Bianor hotingchiehi Schenkel (male); b. Bianor narmadaensis (Tikader) (female);
c. Bianor pashanensis (Tikader) (female)
a
b
c
Khulna University Studies Volume 21(1): 10-20: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2024.21.01.992 -ls
19
Conclusion
Jumping spider genus Bianor is one of the attractive and important predatory arachnids in all natural habitats. From
the historical records of the taxonomic study of these spiders of Bangladesh (Chowdhury & Pal, 1984; Biswas, 2009
& 2019) it is found that Bianor hotingchiehi Schenkel, 1963, B. narmadaensis (Tikader, 1975) and B. pashanensis ( Tikader,
1975) are new record for the area.
Comparing with the earlier descriptions (Schenkel,1963 & Tikader, 1975) of the present newly recorded
species, it is found that there are some remarkable differences of variable characters viz., body shape and size, color,
decoration etc. found for these three species.
Behaviorally, the species mentioned above function as natural predators targeting various small pest insects
such as green leafhoppers, Brown plant hoppers, White backed plant hoppers, Aphids, and different types of f lies.
They actively consume these pest insects from leaves and other plant parts. Consequently, they play a crucial role as
bio-control agents, effectively managing diverse insect populations in agricultural fields, gardens, and forest
ecosystems.
Acknowledgement
The author gratefully acknowledges the support in confirming the species identity from Late Dr. Suvash Chandra
Majumder, Scientist-SD, The Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata and Principal, Khulna Government Women’s’
College, Khulna, Bangladesh for laboratory facilities.
Conflict of Interest
None of the authors present any conflicts of interest.
References
Barrion, A.T., & Litsinger, J. A. (1995). Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International, Wallingford,
U. K. , xix + 700p.
Biswas, V. (2009). Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh, 18 (1), Arachnida. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 437p.
Biswas, V. (2019). Checklist of the spider fauna of Bangladesh (Araneae: Arachnida ). Bangladesh J. Zool., 47 (2), 185-
227
Biswas, V. (2021). The Spiders of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 599p. (in press).
Chen, Z.F., & Zhang, Z.H. (1991). Fauna of Zhejiang, Araneida. Zhejiang Science & Technology Publishing House,
356p.
Cho, J.H., & Kim, J.P. (2002). A revisional study of the family Salticidae Blackwall, 1841 (Arachnida, Araneae) of
Korea. Korean Arachnol., 18 (2), 85-169.
Chowdhury, S.H., & Nagari, S. (1981). Rice-field spiders from Chittagong. Procedings Zoological Society of Bangladesh,
53-72.
Chowdhury, S.H., & Pal, S.. (1984). Further report on rice-field spiders from Bangladesh. Chittagong University Studies
-II, 8 (1), 25-39.
Foelix, R.F. (2011). Biology of Spiders. Third edition. Oxford University Press, New York, 419 pp.
Jastrazebski, P. (2007). Salticidae from the Himalayas. The genus Bianor Peckham & Peckham, 1885 (Arachnida:
Araneae . Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo, 56, 25-28.
Kaldari, R. (2010). Reassignment of the Indian species of Zygoballus to Bianor and Rhene (Araneae : Salticidae ).
Peckhamia, 82. (1), 1- 4.
Keswani, S., Hadole P., & Rajoria, A. (2012). Checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from India – 2012. Indian
Journal of Arachnology, 1(1), 1-129.
Koh, J.K.H. (1989). A guide to common Singapore Spiders. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore. 160p.
Lincoln, R. J., & Sheals, L. G. (1985). Invertebrate Animals collection and preservation. British Museum (Natural History),
London, 150pp.
Logunov, D.V. (1991). The spider family Salticidae ( Aranei ) of Tauva, I. Six new species from The genera Salticus,
Bianor and Dendryphantes. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal, 70 (6), 50 – 60.
Logunov, D.V. (2001). A redefinition of the genera Bianor Peckham & Peckham, 1885 and Harmochirus Simon,
1885, with the establishment of a new genus Sibianor gen. n. ( Aranei : Salticidae ). Arthropoda Selecta, 9, 221
– 286.
Biswas (2024). Taxonomic Record Of Jumping Spiders Genus Bianor (Peckham & Peckham, 1885) from Coastal Bangladesh (Araneae: Pelleninae:
Salticidae). Khulna University Studies. Volume 21(1): 10-20
20
Logunov, D. V., & Marusik, Ju. M. (1991). Descriptions and morphological differences of Bianor aurocinctus (Ohlest)
and B. aemulus (Gertsch) (Araneae: Salticidae). Sibirskii Biologicheskii Zhurnal, 2, 39 - 47.
Logunov, D. V., & Marusik, Y. M. (2000). Catalogue of the jumping spiders of Northern Asia (Arachnida: Araneae:
Salticidae ). KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 299pp.
Logunov, D.V, Ikeda. H. & Ono, H. (1997). Jumping spiders of the genera Harmochirus, Bianor and Stertinus (Aranei,
Salticidae ) from Japan. Bulletin of National. Science Museum, Series A, 23 (1), 1-16.
Majumder, S.C. (2005). Studies on some spiders from eastern coastal region of India. Memoires of the Zoological Survey
of India, 20 (3), 1-57.
Okuma, C.,. Kamal N.Q.,, Y. Hirashima, Z. Alam & Ogata, T. (1993). Illustrated Monograph on the rice-field spiders of
Bangladesh. IPSA-JAICA, Salna, Gazipur, 93pp.
Peng, X.J. (2020). Fauna Sinica, Invertebrata, Vol. 3, Salticidae. Science Press, Beijing, 611p.
Peng, X.J., L.P. Xie, X.Q. Xiao & Yin, C.M. (1993). Salticids in China. Hunan Normal University Press, Changsha,
Hunan, 270p.
Proszynski, J. (1990). Catalogue of Salticidae, (Araneae). Synthesis of quotations in the world literature since 1940, with
basic taxonomic data since 1958, WSRP, Siedlce, 366p.
Proszynski, J. (1992). Salticidae (Araneae) of India in the collection of the Hungarian National Natural History
Museum in Budapest. Annales Zoologici, 44 (9), 165-227.
Proszynski, J. (2000). Gen. Zygoballus Peckham et Peckham, 1885. Salticidae (Araneae) of the world. Part-II:
Catalogue of Salticidae (Araneae), Version May, 2000.
Schenkel, E. (1963). Ostasiatische Spinnen aus dem Museum d’ Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Mem. Mus. Hist. nat. A,
Paris, 25, 289-481.
Simon, E. (1901). Descriptions d’ Arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Salticidae (Attidae) (suite). Annales de la
Societe entomologique de Belgique, 45, 141 – 161.
Song, D.X., Xie L.P.,, Zhu M.S., & Wu, K. Y. (1997). Notes on some jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae ) of
Hong Kong. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 16 (4), 149 - 152.
Song, D.X., Zhu M.S., & Chen, J. (1999). The Spiders of China. Hebei Science & Technology Publishing House,
640p. + 4 plates.
Thorell, T. (1890). Diagnoses Aranearum aliquot Novarum in Indo-Malesia inventarum. Annales Museum Civico Store
Naturales Genova, Ser. 2,132 – 172.
Tikader, B. K. (1975). Some spiders of the genus Zygoballus from India (Family: Salticidae). Procedings Indian Academy
of Science, 81 (4) ,150 – 153.
Tikader, B. K. (1987). Handbook of Indian Spiders. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 251p.
Tikader, B.K. & Biswas, B. (1981). Spider fauna of Calcutta and Vicinity. Part-I. Records of the Zoological Survey of
India, Occasional paper, 30, 1 - 148.
World Spider Catalog (2022). World Spider Catalog. Version 22.0, Natural History Museum, Berlin. Online at –
http://wsc.nmbe.ch., (accessed on 7th August, 2022).
Yaginuma, T. (1986). Spiders of Japan in colour. 2nd edition, Hoikusha Publishing Co. Ltd., Osaka, 305p.
Yin, C.M. & Wang, J. F. (1981). On the females of three jumping spiders from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 6
(3), 268 – 272.
Zabka, M. (1985). Systematic and Zoogeographic study on the family Salticidae (Araneae) from Vietnam. Annales
Zoologici, 39, 197 – 485.
Zabka, M. (1997). Fauna Polski, Fauna Poloniae, Salticidae ( Arachnida : Araneae ). Polska Akademia Nauk. Museum I
Insnstytut Zoologii, 19: 1- 183.
Zhao, J. Z. (1993). Spiders in the cotton fields in China. Wuhan Press, Beijing, 552p.
