Designing geoinformation systems: textbook (electronic version, in English and Ukrainian). Kyiv: Nika-Tsentr, 2024. 254 p.
Abstract
The English-Ukrainian textbook deals with the methodological foundations and applied aspects of designing geographic information systems (GIS). General approaches and technologies are considered regarding: basic (initial) and strate-gic GIS designing, GIS software and hardware designing, and operation and fi-nal GIS designing with examples of developing GIS of the transboundary Dan-ube River Basin.
Textbook is intended for students of higher education and teachers of natu-ral, primarily geographic, specialties of universities and higher education institu-tions, as well as scientists and specialists who apply geographic information technologies in the scope of environment preservation and recovery, taking into account international environmental cooperation.
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The paper deals with contemporary trends of modernization of higher education in the countries of Europe, emphasizes relation between the quality of education and the level of development of the countries' economy, confirms the importance of digital education and provision of new forms of educational services. The problem of mastering new technologies using geoinformation systems and technologies in the process of training future specialists-geographers and geography teachers is analyzed. It is proved that one of the ways of addressing the outlined problem is the implementation of geoinformation training models, and the place of such models among other types of geography training tools is determined. The paper explains the concepts "training model", "geoinformation training model" and outlines their didactic peculiarities. The system of graphic-sign geographic training models is presented, with geoinformation training models being their subtype. The trends of applying geoinformation systems and technologies in the process of teaching geographic disciplines at higher education institutions are characterized. Based on the experience of application of geoinformation training models, the paper emphasizes that they are tools of students’ independent cognitive activities. The paper distinguishes three groups of these models (general, special, combined) and characterizes their varieties. Considerable attention is paid to characterizing special geoinformation models, viz. rendering models, first of all digital elevation models, "draping" models, as well as models of kinematic animation or dynamic interactive visualization of 3D images, routing optimization and self-training models. A considerable didactic potential of electronic maps and atlases is emphasized, which make it possible to study geographic objects, processes and phenomena in the spatial aspect. The conclusion is made that the application of geoinformation training models, on the one hand, allows students to explore independently certain natural or socio-economic objects of the environment. On the other hand, tutors can plan students’ efficient training activities at a high level of complexity and in accordance with their interests.
The principles for the construction of the scale of geoecological situation in land use were substantiated. This situation is based on the parameter of landscape anthropization extent. The parameter was called a geosituation index. Such index is the area proportion for geoecological positive (or geo-positive) and geoecological negative (or geo-negative) land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems. The first systems are still called in essence nature-accentuated, near-to-nature or simply natural systems. Percents of geo-positive LULC systems' area are also used as a separate parameter additional to the geosituation index. The scale of geosituation concerning land use in model landscapes or other territorial units was developed. Such scale for the first time has the logic-parametric consistency with previously developed scheme of the landscape anthropization extent. The geosituation is classified in the scale by categories. They vary from excessively favorable to catastrophic category. The developed geosituation scale was implemented for the selected megaregion. It includes Ukrainian physic-geographic zones of mixed and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe and their regions, areas and districts. The digital choropleths were modeled for the geosituation in land use in the areas and districts. The all obtained results indicated the validity and further implementation suitability of proposed geosituation indexes and their scale. The developed approaches can be applied in the territorial schemes and projects of modern environmental management. Keywords: land use, anthropization, landscape, geoecological situation, near-to-nature systems
The procedure of anthropization extent modeling for landscapes and/or physic-geographic taxons was implemented for the specified megaregion. It includes Ukrainian physic-geographic zones of mixed and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe. The spatial data bases (SDB) were organized for the implementation megaregion by appropriate geoinformation processing of up-to-date open digital spatial data sources. The implementation operating scale of anthropization extent for physic-geographic taxons was substantiated and created in accordance with the megaregional SDB. The scale embodies 55 operating land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems causing determinate anthropization extent. The last is presented by corresponding to mentioned systems anthropization categories and indexes. The operating scale was strictly implemented for the megaregion. The implementation included the anthropization extent modeling at the level of physic-geographic areas and districts. The interpretation of the obtained model results was carried out. The results display that the land use consequences are altogether unfavorable for the natural environment of the megaregion. The model implementation achievements indicated the relevance and objectivity of proposed approaches to the landscape anthropization extent modeling. The approaches are applicable to schemes and projects of environmental management.
"Building a GIS, second edition, describes and updates a time-tested approach to system architecture design. Using the Capacity Planning Tool (on the book's DVD), GIS managers and technical architects can try out various system configurations in theory before committing their resources. The book promotes successful GIS operations and is intended for IT experts adopting the technology, GIS professionals new to system design, and executives who need to manage change. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and restructured. Graphics have been updated and numerous illustrations added. Exercises and video presentations on the DVD are designed to help students of system architecture design focus on the most important concepts and hone their expertise. The DVD included with this book contains the Capacity Planning Tool, hardware specifications information, and instructional exercises and videos. You need Microsoft Excel 2003 or higher to use the Capacity Planning Tool, and Adobe Reader to view exercise content and a new segment on training guidelines. QuickTime media player is needed to view the videos"--