Conference PaperPDF Available

تقنية البلوك شاين كآلية لتسهيل عضوية الجزائر ضمن مجموعة براكس

Authors:

Abstract

ملخص: تسعى الجزائر إلى الانضمام إلى مجموعة براكس مع أواخر السنة، في سبيل تحقيق ذلك يتطلب منها إحداث إصلاح اقتصادي شامل يجعلها تنتقل من اقتصاد ناشئ مبني على التقليدية إلى اقتصاد ذكي قائم على التكنولوجيات الرائدة في العالم مثل تقنية البلوك شاين والعقود الذكية التي تكرس مبدأ اللامركزية كأساس لتسهيل المعاملات الاقتصادية والعديد من المزايا التي تقدمها، بالرغم من الإيجابيات التي تحققها هذه التقنية إلى أنه يتطلب تهيئة المناخ لتبنيها وهو ما حدث بالفعل من خلال استحداث الدولة لوزارة الاقتصاد والرقمنة سعًيا منها للوصل الي اقتصاد قوي ومتكامل. في هذا السياق هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى البحث في إمكانية وسبل الاستفادة من هذه التقنية لتسهيل الولوج لمجموعة براكس من خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وقد توصلت إلى أنه يمكن لتقنية ان تسهل عضوية الجزائر ضمن المجموعة خاصة ذا تم تبنيها على مستوى قطاع الطاقة وتمويل المؤسسات الناشئة. الكلمات المفتاحية: البلوك شاين، العقود الذكية، براكس، الطاقة، المؤسسات الناشئة





Blockchain technology as a mechanism to facilitate Algeria's membership in the Brics group

1
 
- -

Boukhalfi.messaoud@univ-ghardaia.dz
 
ouargli.walid@univ-ghardaia.dz










Abstract: Algeria is seeking to join the Brics group at the end of the year. In order to achieve this, it
requires a global economic reform so as to move from an emerging economy based on traditionalism to a
smart economy based on modern technologies existing in the world such as blockchain technology and smart
contracts which incarnate the principle of decentralization as a basis for facilitating economic transactions as
well as many other advantages offered by these contracts. On the other hand, despite the advantages of
this technology, it requires creating an adequate climate for its adoption. That's what it has been taken into
account by the state thanks the establishment of the Ministry of Economy and Digitization in hope of reaching
a strong and integrated economy. In this context, this study came to examine the possibility of benefiting
from this technology to facilitate the access to the brics group, and it concluded that this technology could
facilitate Algeria's membership in the group, especially if it was adopted at the level of the energy sector and
financing startups.
Keywords: blockchain, smart contracts, brics, energy, emerging institutions.
1
ghardaia.dz-ouargli.walid@univ





 






 



ETHEREUM

block Chain


 






:



 


contractsSmart 














Satoshi Nakamoto

(ilé elkazi, 2019, p. 12)








 
Muthukrishnan & Duraisamy, 2020, p. 2


Lee, 2019, p. 1





Bitcoin

Muthukrishnan & Duraisamy,
2020, p. 1




Tripathi et al., 2021, p. 1



CBDC





Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
(Attaran & Gunasekaran, 2019, p. 1416)
















































XinFinEthereumQuorum







AB
A
ABA
B
BA



(An et al., 2021, p.
45)AB











Lee, 2019, p. 14




















(Lee, 2019, p. 910)
















HashSHAbits
SHA-256





SHA-256KeccakRIPEMD-60

Jena & Dash, 2021, p. 3
Nonce

  nonce         
(Merkle, s. d., p. 369)





(Narayanan et al., s. d.)











Kosba et al., 2016, p. 842

Ethereum


Ethereum

















Vigliotti & Jones, 2020, p. 133










Szabo 

McKeon & Schloss, 2021, p.
318







 


.


Savelyev, 2017, p. 12
22




23





Savelyev, 2017,
p. 13





24


Savelyev, 2017, p. 15
25



Savelyev, 2017, p. 16

(daoud mansour, 2021, p. 7882)
31


311




312 


Ether Scripter
Ethereum
323


.

.





Oracle



Oracle

32
:
321



322









 















G7




(Castel et al., 2011, p. 1)

























 
 (Mohammadpoor & Torabi, 2020, p. 5) (Munk, 2016, p. 1)









(Centers et al., 2011, p. 2)










(Gupta et al., 2016, p. 1517)















(Xiao & Sun, 2017, p. 58)





MRO















   












 Kickstarter Gofundme
Indiegogo .



  
 









             
(Ahluwalia et al., 2020, p. 4) 
  











 
.








.






.










An, Y. J., Choi, P. M. S., & Huang, S. H. (2021). , Cryptocurrency, and Artificial Intelligence in Finance. In P. M.
S. Choi & S. H. Huang (Éds.), Fintech with Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and

(p. 1‑34). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6137-9_1
Attaran, M., & Gunasekaran, A. (2019).   Principles, Qualities, and Business Applications. In M. Attaran & A.
Gunasekaran (Éds.), Applications of

Technology in Business : Challenges and Opportunities (p. 13‑20).
Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27798-7_3





daoud mansour. (2021). The smart contract and its role in establishing trust in contractual relationships. review recharche
economique, 4(2), 66‑94.
ilé elkazi. (2019).

. dar elhassala.
Jena, A. K., & Dash, S. P. (2021).  Technology : Introduction, Applications, Challenges. In S. K. Panda, A. K. Jena,
S. K. Swain, & S. C. Satapathy (Éds.),

Technology : Applications and Challenges (p. 1‑11). Springer
International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69395-4_1
Kosba, A., Miller, A., Shi, E., Wen, Z., & Papamanthou, C. (2016). Hawk : The   Model of Cryptography and
Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts. 2016 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), 839‑858.
https://doi.org/10.1109/SP.2016.55
Lee, W.-M. (2019). Understanding . In W.-M. Lee (Éd.), Beginning Ethereum Smart Contracts Programming : With
Examples in Python, Solidity, and JavaScript (p. 1‑23). Apress. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5086-0_1
McKeon, S., & Schloss, D. E. (2021). Law and s. In R. Rau, R. Wardrop, & L. Zingales (Éds.), The Palgrave
Handbook of Technological Finance (p. 311‑335). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-
3-030-65117-6_13
Merkle, R. C. (s. d.). A DIGITAL SIGNATURE BASED ON A CONVENTIONAL E;UCRYITION FUNCTION. 10.
Muthukrishnan, S., & Duraisamy, B. (2020).  Technologies and Artificial Intelligence. In S. Kim & G. C. Deka
(Éds.), Advanced Applications of

Technology (p. 243‑268). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-
8775-3_12
Narayanan, A., Bonneau, J., Felten, E., Miller, A., & Goldfeder, S. (s. d.). Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies. 308.
Savelyev, A. (2017). Contract law 2.0 : ‘Smart’ contracts as the beginning of the end of classic contract law. Information &
Communications Technology Law, 26(2), 116‑134. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2017.1301036
Tripathi, G., Tripathi Nautiyal, V., Ahad, M. A., & Feroz, N. (2021).   Technology and Fashion Industry-
Opportunities and Challenges. In S. K. Panda, A. K. Jena, S. K. Swain, & S. C. Satapathy (Éds.),
 
Technology : Applications and Challenges (p. 201‑220). Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69395-4_12
Vigliotti, M. G., & Jones, H. (2020). The Executive Guide to

: Using Smart Contracts and Digital Currencies in
your Business. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21107-3
Centers, C., Beckwith, R., Writer, S., & Jpt, J. P. T. (2011). Managing Big Data : Cloud Computing. October, 42‑45.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2118/181510-MS
Gupta, S., Saputelli, L., Corporation, F., & Nikolaou, M. (2016). SPE-181510-MS Applying Big Data Analytics to Detect ,
Diagnose , and Prevent Impending Failures in Electric Submersible Pumps. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1‑15.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2118/181510-MS
Mohammadpoor, M., & Torabi, F. (2020). Big Data analytics in oil and gas industry: An emerging trend. Petroleum, 6(4),
321‑328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2018.11.001
Munk, C. W. (2016). A Blockchain Benefit? Independent Banker, 66(8), 147‑148.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true%7B&%7Ddb=bth%7B&%7DAN=117494480%7B&%7Dsite=e
host-live
Xiao, J., & Sun, X. (2017). Big Data Analytics Drive EOR Projects Jie. the SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition
held in Aberdeen, United Kingdom, 5-8 September 2017, September, 5‑8.
Ahluwalia, S., Mahto, R. V., & Guerrero, M. (2020). Blockchain technology and startup financing: A transaction cost
economics perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 151(November 2019), 119854.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119854
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Article
Full-text available
Cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin, EOS, Etherum, Litecoin, and others) are disrupting the traditional banking and financial systems. The cryptocurrencies are based on a set of technologies commonly referred to as blockchain technology. The potential effect of blockchain technology on institutional economics is profound. Already, blockchain technology-based applications in supply chain management, marketing, and finance are decentralizing and streamlining vital institutional functions. In this paper, we examine the economics of blockchain technologies as it pertains to transaction costs in startup financing. We draw upon the theory of transaction cost economics and the transactional nature of blockchain technology to propose a model to demonstrate how and why blockchain technology based applications are effective. We then apply the model to demonstrate how blockchain technology can be used to overcome many problems inherent in startup financing. For example, information asymmetry and transaction costs involved with matching an entrepreneur with an investor and the terms of the financing deal are some of the fundamental issues in entrepreneurial financing. We explain how a financing system based on blockchain technology can ameliorate the problems and lead to a more effective and decentralized entrepreneurial financing process.
Article
Full-text available
This paper reviews the utilization of Big Data analytics, as an emerging trend, in the upstream and downstream oil and gas industry. Big Data or Big Data analytics refers to a new technology which can be employed to handle large datasets which include six main characteristics of volume, variety, velocity, veracity, value, and complexity. With the recent advent of data recording sensors in exploration, drilling, and production operations, oil and gas industry has become a massive data intensive industry. Analyzing seismic and micro-seismic data, improving reservoir characterization and simulation, reducing drilling time and increasing drilling safety, optimization of the performance of production pumps, improved petrochemical asset management, improved shipping and transportation, and improved occupational safety are among some of the applications of Big Data in oil and gas industry. Although the oil and gas industry has become more interested in utilizing Big Data analytics recently, but, there are still challenges mainly due to lack of business support and awareness about the Big Data within the industry. Furthermore, quality of the data and understanding the complexity of the problem are also among the challenging parameters facing the application of Big Data.
Chapter
Fashion and textile industry are one of the fastest growing sectors that involves a complex supply chain at local and global levels to procure raw materials and supply finished products to the market. The complexity of the industry demands for a system which is transparent, distributed and can protect the intellectual property rights. With key characteristics like decentralization, immutability, consensus etc., blockchain technology has the potential to enhance the exiting fashion industry by adding an extra layer of security and trust to it. One of the major challenges faced by the fashion industry is the counterfeit products flooding the market place. These fake products have a negative impact on the brand image and value. Blockchain has the ability to protect and secure the digital identities and establish authenticity in fashion industry. Despite of the exponentially growing popularity and interest in this technology, very little is known about the current state of application and use of blockchain in fashion and textile industry. This paper discusses the various aspects of the use of blockchain technology in the fashion and textile industry highlighting the benefits that blockchain could bring. The role of blockchain in providing potential solutions to the existing issues and challenges faced by the fashion industry are discussed with an insight into the current state of the blockchain technology in fashion industry. Further, the work also discusses the challenges in the integration of blockchain into the existing processes of the fashion and textile industry.
Chapter
Blockchain—the technology behind the popular cryptocurrency bitcoin is revolutionizing the world and bringing significant changes in our technology and business environment. Blockchain is a tamper-proof, distributed and decentralized peer-to-peer technology that could track and verify digital transactions. It aims to bring in transparency, security and integrity of data. This most trusted, decentralized ledger finds it application in almost all the domains varying from finance, education, energy, supply chain, health care and many more. This chapter elaborates the different components that makes this technology more trustable and reliable. It uncovers the various application areas of blockchain technology. While detailing the space with blockchain it also brings out the shortcomings, difficulties and threats of this this technology. This chapter will act as a guide for people interested to explore blockchain and blockchain based solution for any application.
Chapter
This chapter describes the principles of blockchain, cryptocurrency, and artificial intelligence (AI) and their applications to the financial sector. We first discuss blockchain, and discuss cryptocurrency, the best-known application of blockchain. We present the question of whether a cryptocurrency is a currency or an asset and whether it can be a new safe haven asset. We summarize the controversy regarding the issuance of a central bank digital currency (CBDC). We argue that digital currencies only show the potential to inject liquidity into an economy during market stress. Additionally, most of the recognized advantages of blockchain applications relate to two concepts: decentralization and consensus. Blockchain’s decentralization can be used to democratize banking services, corporate governance, and the real estate industry. Finally, we present the strengths of and concerns in using AI technologies in banking, lending platforms, and asset management, bearing in mind the most recently developed applications in these areas. This chapter provides a contribution to the literature that incorporates both theory and practice in blockchain, presenting a detailed review of performances and limitations of AI techniques in finance, including recent publications relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, CBDC, and alternative data.
Article
Keeping up with fast evolving technology is a challenge that every business leader faces. As organisations start to wake up to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it’s becoming more important than ever to be able to utilise and exploit new digital platforms. With the simple aim of demystifying blockchain for business leaders, The Executive Guide to Blockchain offers a jargon-free explanation and framework to better understand blockchain technologies and their impact on organizations. Enabling any business leader with or without specific computing knowledge to reap the benefits of blockchain whilst understanding the limitations, this book will empower you to: • Identify opportunities for blockchain in your own business sectors • Understand smart contracts and their relationship with the law • Create a blockchain strategy and business case • Implement blockchain technologies and maximise their potential. Written by experts in non-technical language, this practical resource can be applied to any industry, and arm you with the knowledge needed to capture the possibilities of digital business.
Chapter
The blockchain is authorizing digital information to be scattered, but not copied, and it also created the backbone of a new type of Internet. It is an open infrastructure with blocks of information connected mutually that contain references to the preceding block. It is a decentralized and distributed system like an open ledger that stores a registry of assets and transactions in a peer-to-peer network (i.e., P2P). Artificial Intelligence is a part of computer science sector that emphasizes the design of intelligent machines that work, things, and reacts like human beings. It is the theory and practice of constructing machines capable of performing tasks that seem to require intelligence. It includes machine learning, artificial neural networks, and deep learning concepts. Blockchain and merger of AI into mainstream products and its related services can generate plenty of opportunities for enterprises. This chapter discusses the capabilities recognized at the intersection of AI and Blockchain and also discuss about the standard definitions, benefits, and challenges of this alliance.
Article
The paper analyzes legal issues associated with the application of existing contract law provisions to so-called Smart contracts, defined in the paper as ‘agreements existing in the form of software code implemented on the Blockchain platform, which ensures the autonomy and self-executive nature of Smart contract terms based on a predetermined set of factors’. The paper consists of several sections. In the second section, the paper outlines the peculiarities of Blockchain technology, as currently implemented in Bitcoin cryptocurrency, which forms the core of Smart contracts. In the third section, the main characteristic features of Smart contracts are described. Finally, the paper outlines key tensions between classic contract law and Smart contracts. The concluding section sets the core question for analysis of the perspectives of implementation of this technology by governments: ‘How to align the powers of the government with Blockchain if there is no central authority but only distributed technologies’. The author suggests two solutions, neither of which is optimal: (1) providing the state authorities with the status of a Superuser with extra powers; and (2) relying on traditional remedies and enforcement practices, by pursuing specific individuals – parties to a Smart contract – in offline mode.
Conference Paper
More than 90% of producing oil wells require some form of artificial lift for pumping production fluids to the surface (Bates, Cosad et al. 2004). The electrical submersible pump (ESP) is widely used and is currently the fastest growing form of artificial-lift pumping technology. About 15 to 20 percent of almost one million wells worldwide produce oil with the help of ESPs (Breit and Ferrier 2008). ESPs are usually considered more efficient and reliable among all oilfield lift systems and enable recovery of hydrocarbon fluids from greater depths at higher temperatures while handling a range of viscosities, gas-liquid ratios, and solids production. Over the years, the most common concern of operators using ESPs in their assets has been high workover costs and inadequately low system run life (Vandevier 2010). It is often observed that ESP performance declines gradually and reaches the point of service interruption due to a number of factors such as high gas volumes, high temperature, and corrosive environments. Should an ESP fail, the financial impact would be substantial, in terms of both lost production and replacement or intervention costs. Given the high cost of an ESP failure, operators are increasingly investing in real-time surveillance sytems to monitor ESP performance using downhole measurements and raise alarms in case of abnormal events such as trippings or failures. However, such systems are reactive in nature, i.e. action is taken after an event occurs. Consequently, there is a need and an opportunity to utilize the large amount of data being collected in real time from ESP operations, and to create solutions that advance from a reactive to a more proactive approach that would ideally detect issues well in advance, diagnose causes, and suggest corrective action. This paper offers such an approach. Specifically, a data-driven analytical solution is proposed to proactively monitor and transform vital statistics related to ESP performance into actionable information using multivariate statistical techniques for dimensionality reduction and pattern recognition. This real-time framework combines engineering principles with mathematical models to detect impending problems long before they occur, diagnose potential causes, and prescribe preventive action. This can safeguard ESP operations and increase uptime, extend ESP life expectancy, reduce intervention costs, and optimize production.