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Revista de Gestão e Secretariado – GeSec, V. 15, N. 3, P. 01-21, 2024
São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brasil.
ISSN: 2178-9010
DOI:
http://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v15i3.3611
Impactos da metodologia BIM no planejamento e gerenciamento de
empreendimentos
Impacts of BIM methodology in planning and management of enterprises
Impactos de la metodología BIM en la planificación y gestión de
emprendimientos
Hygor Alves Meireles
1
Simone Perruci Galvão
2
José Temístocles Ferreira Júnior
3
Juliana Claudino Véras
4
André Vinícius Azevedo Borgatto
5
Resumo
Building Information Modeling (BIM) é uma metodologia que emprega o gerenciamento de
dados de maneira colaborativa no setor da arquitetura, engenharia e construção,
proporcionando maior agilidade e confiabilidade nas fases de planejamento, operação e
manutenção de empreendimentos. A utilização de processos baseados apenas em tecnologia
2D, entretanto, retarda a aplicação de métodos mais eficientes de modelagem e gestão de
dados nessa indústria, pois dificulta a produção ágil de conteúdo confiável, frequentemente
gerando desentendimento entre agentes envolvidos no planejamento e execução de obras.
Logo, esse estudo avalia, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, a evolução do BIM e os
1
Bacharel em Engenharia Civil pela Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Prefeitura Municipal do Cabo
de Santo Agostinho, R. Manoel Queirós da Silva, 145, Torrinha, Cabo de Santo Agostinho - PE,
CEP: 54525-180. E-mail: hygoralvesmeireles@gmail.com Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-0461
2
Doutora em Ciência dos Materiais pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Universidade Federal Rural de
Pernambuco, Rua Cento e Sessenta e Três, 300, Garapu, Cabo de Santo Agostinho – PE.
E-mail: simone.galvao@ufrpe.br Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-0862
3
Doutor em Linguística pela Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua
Cento e Sessenta e Três, 300, Garapu, Cabo de Santo Agostinho – PE. E-mail: temistocles.ferreira@ufrpe.br
Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-5726
4
Doutora em Engenharia da Construção pela Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Universidade Federal Rural
de Pernambuco, Rua Cento e Sessenta e Três, 300, Garapu, Cabo de Santo Agostinho – PE.
E-mail: juliana.veras@ufrpe.br Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2107-6601
5
Doutor em Engenharia Geotécnica pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal Rural de
Pernambuco, Rua Cento e Sessenta e Três, 300, Garapu, Cabo de Santo Agostinho – PE.
E-mail: andre.borgatto@ufrpe.br Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9467-8677
Revista Gestão e Secretariado (GeSec), São Paulo, SP, v. XX, n. X, 202X, p. XX-XX.
Impactos da metodologia BIM no planejamento e gerenciamento de
empreendimentos
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São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brasil.
impactos trazidos ao planejamento e gerenciamento de obras por meio dessa metodologia.
Para isso, foi feita uma análise de sua aplicação histórica e de suas características, avaliou-se
sua padronização no Brasil, através das legislações vigentes, além de sua influência no futuro
do setor construtivo. Para análise da literatura, foram selecionados livros, artigos e
dissertações sobre o tema, tomando por critério de escolha os autores mais citados. Observou-
se que entre as principais consequências da aplicação do BIM, estão: redução de retrabalhos,
aumento da precisão em planejamentos e redução de custos globais dos empreendimentos.
Para uma implementação inteligente e eficaz das empresas, entretanto, exigem-se grandes
investimentos de tempo e capital. A criação regular de normas, decretos e guias demonstra
que existe uma tendência mundial de incentivos para que profissionais busquem qualificação
e adotem princípios BIM em seus trabalhos, pois a metodologia aplica princípios de
automação ao setor construtivo, agregando qualidade aos seus produtos.
Palavras-chave: BIM. Modelagem de Informação da Construção. Gerenciamento de Dados.
Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção. Automação Colaborativa.
Abstract
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a methodology that employs data management in a
collaborative manner in the architecture, engineering and construction sectors, providing
greater agility and reliability in the planning, operation and maintenance phases of projects.
The use of processes based only on 2D technology, however, slows down the application of
more efficient methods of modeling and data management in this industry, since it hinders the
agile production of reliable content, often generating disagreement between agents involved
in planning and execution of works. Therefore, this study evaluates, through a bibliographic
review, BIM’s evolution and its impacts in planning and management of works. For this, an
analysis of its historical application and characteristics was made, its standardization in Brazil
was evaluated through current legislation, in addition to its influence on the future of the
construction sector. For the bibliographic review, books, articles and dissertations on the
theme were selected, taking the most cited authors as the criterion of choice. It was observed
that among the main consequences of the application of BIM are: reduction of rework,
increase of precision in planning and reduction in projects’ global costs. However, smart and
effective implementation by companies require large investments of time and capital. The
regular creation of standards, decrees and guides demonstrates that there is a worldwide trend
of incentives for professionals to seek qualification and adopt BIM principles in their works,
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as the methodology applies automation principles to the construction sector, adding quality to
its products.
Keywords: BIM. Building Information Modeling. Data Management. Architecture,
Engineering and Construction. Collaborative Automation.
Resumen
Building Information Modeling (BIM) es una metodología que emplea la gestión de datos de
forma colaborativa en el sector de la arquitectura, ingeniería y construcción, aportando mayor
agilidad y fiabilidad en las fases de planificación, operación y mantenimiento de los proyectos.
El uso de procesos basados únicamente en tecnología 2D, sin embargo, ralentiza la aplicación
de métodos más eficientes de modelado y manejo de datos, generando desacuerdo entre los
agentes involucrados en la planeación y ejecución de obras. Por lo tanto, este estudio evalúa,
a través de una revisión bibliográfica, la evolución del BIM y los impactos traídos a la
planificación y gestión de obras. Para ello, se hizo un análisis de su aplicación histórica y
características, se evaluó su estandarización en Brasil a través de la legislación vigente,
además de su influencia en el futuro de la construcción. Para el análisis de la literatura, fueron
seleccionados libros, artículos y disertaciones, tomando como criterio de elección los autores
más citados. Se observó que entre las consecuencias de la aplicación de BIM, se encuentran:
reducción de retrabajos, aumento de precisión en la planificación y reducción de costos de los
proyectos. Sin embargo, para una implementación inteligente y eficaz de las empresas, se
requieren inversiones de tiempo y capital. La creación de normas, decretos y guías demuestra
una tendencia mundial de incentivos para que los profesionales busquen capacitación y
adopten los principios BIM, ya que la metodología aplica principios de automatización al
sector de la construcción, agregando calidad a sus productos.
Palabras clave: BIM. Building Information Modeling. Gestión de Datos. Arquitectura,
Ingeniería y Construcción. Automatización Colaborativa.
Introduction
The technology has been helping the human being in the most varied activities over
the last decades and, consequently, it is used in increasing proportions over the years. This is
reflected in the greater and faster development of society. This growth is accompanied by the
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development of civil construction, which is the sector of human activities that most consumes
natural resources (Brazilian Council of Sustainable Construction, 2014), which contributes to
global environmental deterioration.
The development of new technologies also becomes one of the most viable alternatives
for reducing costs, since the performance of civil construction is linked to a lot of waste, which
in turn involves several factors, such as errors in planning and budgeting, as well as the low
productivity. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than 90% of infrastructure projects are
delayed or cost more than expected (Groves, 2017). It is a fact that there is a direct relationship
between productivity (which, if overestimated, leads to delays) and project planning.
A survey on the need to increase productivity in Brazilian civil construction, carried
out in 2014, with 74 executives from companies with diversified activities in civil
construction, showed that 92% of participants consider planning gaps as a relevant factor in
the impact of production (Zancul, Vassimon, Kahn, Cavalcanti, Barreiros, Bueno, Loss &
Matheus, 2014).
In order to standardize processes in the life cycle of constructions, several
methodologies have been applied. However, with the digitalization present in several sectors
and the increase in consumer market demands, BIM technology - Building Information
Modeling - stands out as one of the most discussed alternatives in the last decade. It enables
the development of extremely complex projects, reduces the risk of modeling errors, offers a
more effective visualization of the elements, minimizes expenses throughout the life of the
projects and accelerates the production with quality (American Institute of Architects, 2007).
It is true that, initially, when implementing this type of methodology in the
construction process, greater efforts and investments are required, as it is necessary to
standardize processes, acquire tools suitable for the BIM methodology and qualify workers.
Companies that choose to adopt a method to increase performance, such as BIM, need
to define the most appropriate way for the project team to exchange information without
losses, such as standardizing modeling tools, encouraging use of an environment that allow
models transference between different platforms, invest to create contracts suited to the new
data management reality, in addition to dedicating themselves to the elaboration of a detailed
implementation plan prior to the change (Eastman, Teicholz, Sacks, & Liston, 2008).
A study developed by Wong and Fan (2013) exposes the development of workloads
over the time of the project using the BIM and traditional methodology. Initially, a large
increase in workload was observed in the initial phases of project creation, applying an
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integrated delivery with the BIM methodology, when compared to the traditional
methodology and, later, due to the anticipation of problems, generated by the improvement in
the communication and collaboration processes, there was a reduction in project costs, greater
model optimization and a considerable reduction in efforts to solve problems throughout the
life cycle of the enterprise.
The reduction of project costs and deadlines is also generated by the reduction of
revisions in projects due to the improvement of models and communication processes between
those involved (Amorim, 2020). Several recent studies, such as Lee, Wu, Marshall-Ponting,
Aouad, Cooper, Tah, Abbott and Barrett (2005) and Amorim (2020), also relate increased
performance of companies in the AEC sector with the adoption of models that enable
integration between disciplines.
Based on these studies, this work aims, through a bibliographic review, to evaluate the
advances of the BIM methodology and its contribution in the planning and management
practices of works, as well as its involvement in the tangible results of the projects.
Methodology
This research has a methodology based on literature analysis, focusing on the main
points that characterize a technology such as BIM, on the historical evolution of this method
in the market, in addition to advances in the standardization of information modeling in
construction through legislation and the implications of this technology in trends in the
construction sector. To carry out this bibliographic review, books, articles, dissertations,
standards and documents on BIM, published between 2005 and 2020, and applied to the
architecture, engineering and construction market were selected. The criterion for choosing
the sources was the highest number of citations and relevance in the technical environment.
Analysis and Discussion of Results
3.1 Market Context
Studies estimate that the world growth forecast in construction production volume is
around 85%, or US$ 15.5 trillion, by 2030 (GCP Global, & Oxford Economics, 2015).
According to the same author, Brazil presents itself as an emerging economy with low
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competitiveness because it needs policies that increase labor productivity, which reduces the
perspective of growth in construction activities.
In addition, according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO,
2018), the project production market currently uses a considerable amount of resources to
carry out corrections related to the reuse and reproduction of information, which mostly come
from incorrect information management, as well as untrained and uncoordinated labor.
Despite this, the delays generated by these problems can be reduced by adopting the principles
of information management, applied through BIM models, for example.
The scenario demonstrates that the search for methodologies capable of efficiently
raising the productivity of the construction sector is crucial to change negative economic
forecasts. In this sense, the development of projects using the BIM methodology has been
gaining ground in the market, as it allows the creation of collaborative environments that
increase the potential for efficient communication between the parties involved, reduce the
risks of loss information, as well as misunderstandings and contradictions (International
Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2018).
Another benefit generated by this system is the environmental approach. Wong and
Fan (2013) state that BIM is innovative and makes it possible to efficiently achieve the
development of sustainable projects, reducing waste and adding value to the product.
A series of documents are produced on the subject in order to assist in the management
of the high volume of information throughout the life cycle of an enterprise and to demonstrate
that the trend of BIM adoption in constructions is global. Some of them are: ISO 19650-1
(ISO, 2018), BS 8536 (British Standards Institution [BSI], 2010) and ABNT NBR 15965
(Brazilian Association of Technical Standards [ABNT], 2011).
The existence of BIM regulatory documentation by several economies demonstrates
its potential in the global scenario. In fact, when it comes to gains brought to project
organizations, some authors state that BIM, when well implemented and monitored, can bring:
an increase in productivity of 25% to 50%, after the team has mastered the processes;
reduction of the total terms of services in about 25% and reduction of revisions in up to 90%
(Amorim, 2020).
Dodge Data Analytics and Bentley Systems (2017) point out that in the segment of
builders and subcontractors, some factors draw attention to the benefits that BIM can generate,
among them: a 5% reduction in total construction costs and in its completion deadline.
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The relevance of studying the BIM methodology stands out in its potential to generate
savings in physical and financial resources, increase the quality of project deliverables and
stimulate active communication between those involved.
3.2 BIM and the Requirements for its Effective Adoption
It is common to come across companies that go through difficulties for not adopting
good practices of information, projects and works management. Among the main ones are:
standardization in the form of representation, storage and sharing of generated information;
realistic task execution estimates for creating schedules and; integration between the parties
involved (designers, builders, engineers and suppliers) in the delivery of the product.
Kamardeen (2010) points out that the traditional modeling programs used for decades
in the AEC sector are of the CAD (Computer Aided Design) type, which use geometric
representations without data linking with the modeled objects. The adoption of this type of
methodology is not only more susceptible to human errors, but also requires a considerable
amount of time to extract the data, since there is greater difficulty both in understanding what
the real appearance of the models will be after built and in visualize your most important
information (Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation, 2007).
Among the results commonly produced by companies that choose to continue applying
the traditional method, are: conflict between those involved in the design and execution
process, delays in the schedule, additional costs and, in some cases, legal problems, in order
to decide which of the parties involved is responsible for design errors, which led to changes
during the construction phase (Eastman et al., 2008).
In order to avoid such problems, several companies have noticed that the feasibility of
implementing the BIM methodology is not only due to aspects related to project development,
but also to sectors, such as business marketing, for example.
A report published by McGraw Hill Construction (2014a) collected the opinion of
several companies located in 10 countries in America, Europe and Asia and evaluated the
three main factors that made them apply BIM methodology, as shown in Figure 1.
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Figure 1
Top three benefits of BIM according to companies
In addition to reducing errors and omissions, most companies see BIM as a tool to
increase collaboration between parties involved in the enterprise and improving the company's
image. These issues, taken as an objective of corporate business models, are enhanced with
the application of BIM, being relevant for the maintenance of market competitiveness.
The report also shows that around 75% of companies see positive returns from their
BIM investments, with estimates between 10% and 25%. Therefore, financial applications in
BIM technology at the enterprise level bring procedural, marketing and economic benefits.
Although the introduction of this type of technology in the daily life of companies in
the AEC market seems beneficial in several ways, Hardin and McCool (2015) highlight that
three factors are key to successfully implement BIM in a company: tools, processes and
behaviors.
i. Tools – Each company wants to deliver results with practically unique characteristics
and for that it must be able to analyze and choose the most appropriate technology for
its way of operating, considering market trends and technological offers.
ii. Processes – Companies need to adapt their processes to new technologies and not the
other way around. In order to use the BIM tools benefits to the fullest, it is necessary
to invest, prior to implementation, in the study of the processes necessary to run the
system.
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iii. Behaviors – Working with the best tools and the processes most suited to them, by
itself, does not allow the effective use of BIM, as collaborative work between teams
depends directly on people. It is essential that the mind-set of team members.
Many sources, including McGraw Hill Construction (2014b), Amorim (2020) and
Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT, 2011), state that organizations that
were not successful in adopting BIM in their work routines sought to insert only procedures
allied to the tools, but the process is only effective when those involved are willing to change
their work methodologies and to learn continuously.
3.3 Evolution and Characteristics of BIM
According to Hardin and McCool (2015), the intention of BIM is to create a virtual
structure, prior to physically building it, allowing the parties involved to design, analyze,
sequence and explore the project through a digital environment. In this scenario, it is possible
to make less costly changes than in the field, when the costs of change increase exponentially.
Additionally, when associated with other materials (or dimensions), BIM is applicable
to the quantification of inputs needed for each construction stage, according to the work
schedule, as well as their associated costs, the energy efficiency of the enterprise, ventilation
systems, lighting and acoustics and construction maintenance services in the post-work phase,
for example (Kamardeen, 2010). The information contained in these disciplines are
interconnected and can be accessed and shared among the various stakeholders of that project,
a characteristic called interoperability.
Since the 1980s, industries have tried to develop BIM solutions. In the beginning, this
took place through a complex mix between CAD technologies and those applied in the market,
which represented the principle of 3D parametric modeling. BIM technologies stood out
around the 2000s, by integrating this parametric modeling with an information management
system (Wierzbicki, De Silva & Krug, 2011). Figure 2 shows a chronological scheme of
technology development and their respective companies.
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Figure 2
Evolution of predecessor technologies to BIM
3.3.1 Interoperability
According to Eastman, Teicholz, Sacks and Liston (2008), interoperability is the
ability to transfer data between software and that they can contribute, together, to the activity
in question. In addition, interoperability eliminates the need to replicate information that has
been previously entered, which contributes to the automation of the design process.
As stated by the same source, since the beginning of the use of 2D CAD, around the
beginning of the 80s, there was a need to exchange information between different platforms
producing content. However, with the emergence of BIM, the various analysis tools for each
discipline were developed and used on several fronts, generating, over time, a demand for the
intelligent use and use of data between different platforms.
The use of a single software that integrates all disciplines and dispenses with the so-
called interoperability is not ideal according to the market, since it would generate a
monopoly. It is key that there is an international standard that allows an efficient exchange of
information during the design phase of a project (Andrade & Ruschel, 2009). In the
construction industry, the IFC (Industry Foundation Class) data model is the most quoted
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among platforms, as it is public and has internationally accepted standardization (Eastman et
al., 2008).
Although one of the main objectives of applying BIM is efficient communication
between the disciplines involved in the work, researches such as that of Kiviniemi, Karlshøj,
Tarandi, Bell and Karud (2008), carried out with hundreds of professionals in the AEC sector
from Nordic countries, point out that less than 5% of them usually share BIM software
information with other participants, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3
Sharing and using BIM information in companies
In Brazil, such a trend is also noted through researches such as that of Lauden, Tinoco,
Frugoli, Barbosa and Santos (2020), in which 57 professionals from the AEC market were
evaluated, reaching the conclusion that almost 60% of those evaluated still did not use
software that allowed them to apply BIM to design. The main reason for this result is the
resistance to change on the part of companies and professionals, who are usually not willing
to invest time and capital in improving processes. In other words, architects, engineers and
contractors are still not enjoying the collaborative environment provided by BIM.
Eastman et al. (2008) contributes to this argument, stating that the biggest bottleneck
for the dissemination of BIM in the market is the lack of training of professionals. According
to McGraw Hill Construction (2014b) and Amorim (2020), there is a tendency for
professionals to change habits in order to use software more efficiently, both due to increased
levels of customer demand and the business opportunities offered by BIM.
In this scenario, interoperability between BIM tools becomes fundamental, because,
in addition to avoiding the loss of information during the sharing process, it encourages the
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intelligent use of BIM by professionals, facilitating the transition process to the application of
methodologies that manage data. and facilitate the collaborative process (Eastman et al.,
2008).
3.3.2 Level of Detail and Level of Development
According to the BIM Forum (2019), level of detail and level of development are
sometimes interpreted as synonyms, as both can be represented through the acronym LOD,
which derives from the English translation (Level of Detail and Level of Development), but
there are some important differences.
The authors define that level of detail is, basically, how much detail is included in the
model element, while level of development is the degree of reliability to which the element's
geometry and its attached information are associated. The literature usually approaches LOD
as a level of development, so this work will adopt the same convention.
According to Manzione (2013), the LODs are frequently represented on a scale of five
degrees, which increases progressively from the conceptualization of the project to its
complete execution: 100 (conceptual phase); 200 (approximate geometry); 300 (precise
geometry); 400 (execution, fabrication or installation) and 500 (work completed). Next (see
Table 1), the representation of each LOD and its practical applications in the different
disciplines.
Table 1
Levels of development (LODs) of the BIM models and its applications
LOD
100
200
300
400
500
Modeled
Content
Conceptual
Approximate
geometry
Precise geometry
Execution/
Manufacturing
As-built
Project and
coordination
Studies of
mass,
volumes,
zones
modeled in
3D or
represented
by other data
Generic modeling
of dimensions,
weight, quantity,
etc., which may
contain non-
geometric
information
Exact modeling of
dimensions,
weight, quantity,
etc., which may
contain non-
geometric
information
Modeling for
assembly
purpose, with
precision and
detail for
fabrication and
assembly
Modeling
according to
construction,
containing exact
information, and
may contain non-
geometric
information
There are also situations in which intermediate LODs are created to make the
breakdown of development stages more detailed, for example, the adoption of LOD 350,
added between LOD 300 and 400 to define the levels of information necessary more
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accurately for effective commercial coordination (BIM Forum, 2019). Figure 4 visually shows
what happens to a structural element when it is associated with different LODs.
Figure 4
Visualization of LODs 200 to 400 in a precast structural concrete beam
3.3.3 Dimensions of a BIM Model
With the possibility of integration between the sectors involved in a project, BIM
models have become increasingly complex and developed (Manzione, 2013). Considering that
there are many areas that can be inserted in BIM models, they are usually called dimensions,
and the total number of dimensions that can be reached is uncertain. In this way, the expression
“nD Modeling” was created and represents an extension of the BIM model that incorporates
all the information required at each stage of the project's life cycle (Lee et al., 2005).
Studies such as these of Kamardeen (2010) affirm that 2D systems, or CAD systems,
have been used for decades in the AEC industry to design, using non-intelligent objects such
as lines and polygons, to produce the desired elements. A 3D model, the most simplistic use
that can be obtained from a BIM model, is characterized by representing in a virtual reality
the spatial dimensions of an object.
The link between the three-dimensional model and the planning is called BIM 4D
modeling and allows real-time simulation of the schedule, in addition to the detection of
problems related to the sequencing of activities and compatibility (Eastman et al., 2008).
Numerous sources, such as Monteiro and Martins (2011) and Sakamori (2015) confirm
that when data involving the “cost” dimension are linked to the 4D BIM model, a 5D BIM
model is formed, allowing the generation of financial representations of the model over time.
There are models that also add information about “maintenance” and “sustainability”,
creating 6D and 7D BIM models, respectively, in addition to countless other dimensions that
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can generate new nomenclatures and possibilities for data analysis of an enterprise, according
to what the term “nD modeling” suggests (Kamardeen, 2010).
There is also the BIM dimension related to the assessment of the health and safety of
environments, a subject addressed by the internationally relevant document Publicly
Available Specifications (PAS) 1192-6 (BSI, 2018). Since nD modeling represents, in fact, an
unknown in relation to the number of dimensions that can be technically evaluated through a
BIM tool.
3.4 BIM Legislation
BIM is necessary to break paradigms in the civil construction sector, demanding
infrastructure (software, hardware and data traffic capacity), as well as a technical and
institutional framework. In addition, international comparative studies show that governments
- as regulatory agents and requesters of projects - play an essential role in stimulating the use
of technology (Brazilian Agency for Industrial Development [ABDI], 2017).
In this sense, governments can encourage the application of BIM through various
methods, such as: creation of technical standards, investments in dissemination through
events, requirement of use by service providers.
Thus, this section is dedicated to the identification and description of some of the main
milestones for the regularization and dissemination of BIM, with a focus on Brazil. Each of
them arose because of the need for standardization in the information generated and the
various advantages that can be brought to a nation's economy, among them: greater reliability
of information in models, reduction of global costs of enterprises and reduction of financial
and decrease in the occurrence of unforeseen events.
3.4.1 ABNT NBR 15965 Standard
It is divided into seven parts, and after completion, it will consist of 13 tables following
the recommendations of NBR ISO 12006-2 (ABNT, 2018). The tables are adapted to the
Brazilian reality, considering the different systems and construction processes (ABNT, 2011).
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3.4.2 Brazilian National Strategy for BIM Dissemination
Initiative of the Brazilian Federal Government, instituted by Decree n. 9,983, the BIM
BR Strategy aims to stimulate modernization and digital transformation in construction,
promoting a suitable environment for investment in BIM (Brazilian Ministry of Industry,
Foreign Trade and Services [MDIC], 2018). It also intends to provide greater transparency
and reliability of information for participants in the production chain, especially the
government.
The Government's proposal addresses two factors that are often present in medium and
large-scale works, especially those with public funding: delays in the schedule and excess of
budgeted expenditures. In this way, the BIM BR Strategy has objectives that involve the
implementation of the BIM concept gradually in the planning, execution and maintenance
processes of assets until 2028 (Brazil, 2020).
The BIM BR Strategy proved to be a landmark of government incentive to
technological development in civil construction, which will promote national competitiveness
and digital transformation of the AEC industry through clear targets to stimulate the market.
3.4.3 Decree No. 10306
This Decree, of April 2, 2020, establishes the application of BIM, gradually, in the
execution of engineering works and services carried out by federal public administration
bodies and entities in accordance with the BIM BR Strategy. Thus, it addresses the 3 phases
of BIM implementation between 2021 and 2028, in addition to the general rules for the
preparation of contracts subject to the application of BIM.
From Decree no. 10306, it is noted that those professionals offering services related to
the preparation of projects or management of works who, as soon as possible, are aware of
what has been established by the Government about BIM, through its decrees, will have
competitive advantages when participating in public notices bidding or service contracts. This
is because it establishes that even professionals hired indirectly by the service provider in the
form of executive support must prove their familiarity with BIM (Brazil, 2020).
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3.5 Trends in the Construction Sector
While in some countries there is a great demand for standardization and association
between BIM information generated in order to allow interoperability to occur, in Brazil it is
noted that each organization tends to develop its own standard. In this way, the creation of the
chapters of NBR 15965 (ABNT, 2011) in association with the BIM BR Strategy (MDIC,
2018) will encourage companies to generate standardized, reliable data that can be compared
with different sources, allowing integration between different databases (ABDI, 2017).
Currently, the influence of BIM on companies is already noticeable through mappings
such as the one carried out by an association between Sienge and Grant Thornton (2020),
which evaluated 643 companies and professionals on the use of BIM in their work routines.
The data shown in Figure 5 points that 38.4% of the sample that claimed to use the BIM
methodology are mainly concentrated in the South and Southeast regions.
Figure 5
Number of companies adopting or not BIM by their ages in years
In general, as programs improve, technologies to support their use also improve, which
constantly changes the paradigms of practices in building management for designers and
builders (Hardin & McCool, 2015) and this influences the young companies more intensely
in terms of receptivity to new market practices, such as Building Information Modeling. Based
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on the still low numbers when it comes to the application of BIM, the members of the AEC
industry will have to invest more and more in qualification and professional development,
since BIM works as a catalyst for changes in processes, as well as a source of new capabilities
(Wierzbicki, De Silva & Krug, 2011).
Final Considerations
Efficiency in the planning and management of works is increasingly linked to the use
of technological resources. BIM emerges as an alternative to reduce the most common
problems in the realization of a project: loss of information, incompatibility between projects
and the need for contractual amendments (increase in budget or extension of term).
Certainly, as the number of laws, regulations and incentives to increase investments to
improve productivity in civil construction grows and as the level of demand from clients
regarding the performance of their assets increases, the demand for professionals will increase.
from the architecture, engineering and construction industry with mastery of the BIM
methodology. However, its full understanding will only occur through a cyclical learning
process, as the constant development of technologies results in the creation of programs with
more functionalities to support professionals involved in the life cycle of an enterprise.
It was found that the BIM methodology has the potential to be used as a tool that
provides automation and increased efficiency to the construction industry. If properly
implemented by companies - by thoroughly evaluating the set of tools, processes and
behaviors most suited to their reality - BIM generates a reduction in contradictions, a reduction
in the workload of dedication to projects when they reach advanced stages, in addition to
greater precision and predictability of the scope involved. It is essential, therefore, that there
be public and private incentives regarding the application of BIM in projects, seeking greater
savings in resources, better estimation accuracy and an increase in the efficiency of business
processes.
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Received: 02.16.2024
Accepted: 03.01.2024
