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Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity of Aloe vera and it’s Application
Abstract
Aloe vera consists of about 420 species, and has been used as a traditional medicine for about 3000 years. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the aloe vera gel powder revealed the presence of steroids, phenolics, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Invitro antibacterial studies on the leaf extract were carried out on medically important bacterial strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans using agar disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains were exposed to the following four different concentrations of extracts: 25µl, 50 µl, 75 µl and 100 µl. The result of our antibacterial assay revealed that the extract showed good inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens.
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Aloe vera has shown multiple uses in dentistry. Aloe vera has been long time used for its many beneficial properties. It is still in use for wide range of ailments. It promotes rapid wound healing and pain relief. It has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, anticancer, immune modulating, and moisturizing effects. This article is about the different properties of Aloe vera, with special emphasis on its denture cleansing property.
The crude of Aloe Vera gel was investigated with the aim of determining the
microbial activity, the best solvent to be used for extraction and the organism that
is most susceptible to the crude Aloe vera gel extract. Ethanol, methanol and
aqueous (hot) extracts were used as solvent for extraction. Although aqueous
extract had the highest yield (19.0g) after extraction as compared to ethanol
(18.40g) and methanol (18.0g), ethanol was still regarded as the best solvent for
extraction. The susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and
Candida albicans to the crude extracts of Aloe vera gel was determined by agar
well diffusion method. Gentamycin was used as positive control while
dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was used as a negative control. The ethanol extract
inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida
albicans with zones of inhibition of 6,5, and 4mm respectively while aqueous
extract had zones of inhibition of 6, 4 and 3mm respectively. The methanol extract
inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (3mm) only. The ethanol extract gave a
better minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.125, 0.125 and 0.40mg/ml) than
aqueous extract t (0.25, 0.25 and 0.25mg/ml) and methanol extract (0.50, 0.00 and
0.00mg/ml) on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans
respectively. The study revealed that ethanol and aqueous extracts of aloe vera gel
was susceptible to the three pathogens and also lend more weight to general
acceptability of these crude extracts for therapeutic purposes.
Objective: To test the antibacterial efficacy of leaf, stem, and flower extracts of Albizia julibrissin against bacterial pathogens.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-fungal activity of Aloe vera extract on Candida albicans . Materials and Methods: Extract from A. vera fruit was tested for anti-fungal activity via in vitro study at various concentrations using the disc diffusion method. Results: A. vera extract at 1000 μg/ml concentration effectively inhibited the growth of C. albicans (14 mm) compared with the positive control-amphotericin B (15 mm). It was found to be a dose-dependent reaction. Conclusion: A. vera displayed good anti-fungal effect on C. albicans and the inhibitory effect varied with concentration.
Moringa oleifera is an interesting plant for its use in bioactive compounds. In this manuscript, we review studies concerning the cultivation and production of moringa along with genetic diversity among different accessions and populations. Different methods of propagation, establishment and cultivation are discussed. Moringa oleifera shows diversity in many characters and extensive morphological variability, which may provide a resource for its improvement. Great genetic variability is present in the natural and cultivated accessions, but no collection of cultivated and wild accessions currently exists. A germplasm bank encompassing the genetic variability present in Moringa is needed to perform breeding programmes and develop elite varieties adapted to local conditions. Alimentary and medicinal uses of moringa are reviewed, alongside the production of biodiesel. Finally, being that the leaves are the most used part of the plant, their contents in terms of bioactive compounds and their pharmacological properties are discussed. Many studies conducted on cell lines and animals seem concordant in their support for these properties. However, there are still too few studies on humans to recommend Moringa leaves as medication in the prevention or treatment of diseases. Therefore, further studies on humans are recommended.
Aloe vera is a versatile plant with a numerous health benefits. It has various outstanding features like anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-tumor which help in accelerating wound healing and in treating various lesions of the oral cavity. Although it has clinically proven benefits, its practical use in repairing oral lesions still warrants further research. The A. vera plant, its properties, mechanism of action and clinical uses in dentistry are briefly reviewed in the current article.
Introduction: Aloe vera is known from centuries as a medicinal plant. It’s a wonder plant with a lot of health benefits and hence often been called the 'natural healer' . It is a tropical plant that flourishes in warm and dry climate and looks like a cactus with fleshy thorny leaves. There are around 400 species of Aloe, but it is the Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera or " true aloe ") plant which has been used most (found mainly in Asia, Africa and other tropical areas) because of its medicinal uses like moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties. Medicinal Uses: Aloe vera has its uses in various systemic conditions like skin disorders (e.g. psoriasis), arthritis, asthma, digestive and bowel disorders, diabetes and lowering lipid levels in hyper-lipidemic patients. It has also be used as a detoxifying agent, for topical application of first and second degree burns, as a immune enhancer, in Alzheimer’s disease and in various cosmetic, medical and dental products. Dental Uses: This wonder plant has also been used in dentistry for its beneficial properties in various conditions like lichen planus, apthous stomatitis, oral submucous fibrosis, pulpotomy of primary teeth, prevention of dry sockets, obturation of primary teeth, disinfection of irrigation units, bleeding and painful gums, disinfection of gutta percha cones, burning mouth syndrome and in radiated head and neck cancer patients. The Mini-review Article
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The treatment for denture stomatitis often looks simple but recurrence of the condition and complexity of using tissue
conditioners and side effects of using antifungal agents have developed new areas of research in this field. Several recent
studies indicate use of preventive measures like adding components to denture base materials or tissue conditioners which
prevents denture stomatitis.
Aims and Objectives:
To know the various new developments in the treatment of denture stomatitis based on recent research works and clinical
reports by clinicians.
Discussion:
The recent studies are mainly based on preventing the denture stomatitis by adding components to denture base materials
such phosphate group or rechargeable infection responsive materials. Applying coatings preventing adhesion of candida
albicans to the denture base such as Titanium dioxide coatings, Parylene coatings, photopolymerized coatings containing
zwitterionic or hydrophilic monomers such as 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and sulfobetaine methacrylate, Delmopinol
application, Thin film polymer formulations with antifungal agents. Tissue conditioners with antimicrobial agents such as
addition of Megnesium oxide (MgO) 5 – 7%, Cation exchange resin was bound with human lactoferin (hLF),
Incorporation of Origanum oil.
Conclusion:
Antifungal agents are compared with other alternative methods of treatment such as use of disinfectant solutions,
microwave disinfection, photodynamic therapy and use of natural substances like essential oils which has antimicrobial
properties. Many studies showed equal amount of efficacy without side effects of antifungal agents such as bad taste,
recurrence, denture surface roughness etc.
The practice of using Aloe vera extract as a herbal medicine basically depend on folklore and by experiences of people over a long period of time. Extensive research, especially in the area of basic biochemical characterization and elucidation of bioactivities has been conducted in a systematic manner. This has resulted in the characterization of many biochemical compounds from Aloe vera, predominantly using the techniques of spectroscopy and chromatography. Many biochemical compounds have been characterized from the Aloe vera using spectroscopy and chromatography techniques. Today, In addition to the well documented wound healing properties of Aloe vera extracts in burns, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities were tapped and hence formed the central core of bioactivity research on this plant in
recent years. There have been preliminary reports on immune modulatory and other functions. The biochemical compounds and their bioactivity mechanisms from Aloe extracts, compounded by the bottlenecks in large scale cultivation represents a fascinating challenge to near complete exploitation and improvements in this pharmacologically important medicinal plant. This review is an effort to update our current knowledge on this plant based on many recent findings and to review the status for further exploration in pharmacology.
Keywords: Aloe Vera, Bioactive Compounds, Medicinal, Pharmacology, Plant
Aloe vera has long been used as a traditional medicine for inducing wound healing. It is a natural product that now a days is used in cosmetic industry. Benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaves though there are various indications for its use. Biological activities include promotion of wound healing, antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and immunomodulatory. Gingival fibroblasts play an important role in oral wound healing. Double blind-controlled trials are needed to determine its real efficacy in oral health.
Recent interest and advances in the field of alternative medicine has promoted the use of various herbal and natural products for multiple uses in the field of medicine. Aloe vera is one such product exhibiting multiple benefits and has gained considerable importance in clinical research. This clinical study focuses on Aloe vera and highlights its property when used as a medicament in the periodontal pocket.
A total number of 15 subjects were evaluated for clinical parameters like plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth at baseline, followed by scaling and root planing (SRP). Test site comprised of SRP followed by intra-pocket placement of Aloe vera gel, which was compared with the control site in which only SRP was done, and clinical parameters were compared between the two sites at one month and three months from baseline.
Results exhibited encouraging findings in clinical parameters of the role of Aloe vera gel as a drug for local delivery.
We conclude that subgingival administration of Aloe vera gel results in improvement of periodontal condition. Aloe vera gel can be used as a local drug delivery system in periodontal pockets.
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of six plant species, namely Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem), Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., Lawsonia alba Lam., Allium cepa L., A. sativum L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and a systemic fungicide carbendazim 50% (w/w) WP, to manage the corm-rot disease of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) caused by a fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli (Massey) Snyd. & Hans. Fusarium inoculation showed 80% disease incidence with 54 disease lesions per corm. Recommended dose of the chemical fungicide carbendazim significantly reduced the disease incidence to 13% and number of lesions to six per corm. Plant extract treatments exhibited variable effects on the incidence and severity of the disease. In general, all the test plant extracts managed the corm-rot disease to some extent. Aqueous bulb extracts of A. sativum and A. cepa and the rhizome extract of Z. officinale showed better disease management potential than that of the recommended dose of carbendazim. Fusarium inoculation significantly declined shoot growth. In general, carbendazim, as well as aqueous extracts, enhanced shoot growth to variable extents as compared to the Fusarium control.
The antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava) and neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts against 21 strains of foodborne pathogens were determined--Listeria monocytogenes (five strains), Staphylococcus aureus (four strains), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (six strains), Salmonella Enteritidis (four strains), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Bacillus cereus, and five food spoilage bacteria: Pseudomonas aeroginosa, P. putida, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Aeromonas hydrophila (two strains). Guava and neem extracts showed higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria except for V. parahaemolyticus, P. aeroginosa, and A. hydrophila. None of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extracts of guava showed the highest inhibition for L. monocytogenes JCM 7676 (0.1 mg/mL), S. aureus JCM 2151 (0.1 mg/mL), S. aureus JCM 2179 (0.1 mg/mL), and V. parahaemolyticus IFO 12711 (0.1 mg/mL) and the lowest inhibition for Alcaligenes faecalis IFO 12669, Aeromonas hydrophila NFRI 8282 (4.0 mg/mL), and A. hydrophila NFRI 8283 (4.0 mg/mL). The MIC of chloroform extracts of neem showed similar inhibition for L. monocytogenes ATCC 43256 (4.0 mg/mL) and L. monocytogenes ATCC 49594 (5.0 mg/mL). However, ethanol extracts of neem showed higher inhibition for S. aureus JCM 2151 (4.5 mg/mL) and S. aureus IFO 13276 (4.5 mg/mL) and the lower inhibition for other microorganisms (6.5 mg/mL). No significant effects of temperature and pH were found on guava and neem extracts against cocktails of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. The results of the present study suggest that guava and neem extracts possess compounds containing antibacterial properties that can potentially be useful to control foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis patients and immunocompromised individuals. Eradication of P. aeruginosa has become increasingly difficult due to its remarkable capacity to resist antibiotics. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known to utilize their high levels of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to counter most antibiotics. In addition, adaptive antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa is a recently characterized mechanism, which includes biofilm-mediated resistance and formation of multidrug-tolerant persister cells, and is responsible for recalcitrance and relapse of infections. The discovery and development of alternative therapeutic strategies that present novel avenues against P. aeruginosa infections are increasingly demanded and gaining more and more attention. Although mostly at the preclinical stages, many recent studies have reported several innovative therapeutic technologies that have demonstrated pronounced effectiveness in fighting against drug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. This review highlights the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa and discusses the current state of some novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of P. aeruginosa infections that can be further explored in clinical practice.
Aloe Vera is attracting the attention of scientists, researchers, and people around the world once again. Because of the multiple uses of Aloe Vera, and the easy growth and maintenance of the plant, many researchers of public and private sector have gained interest in this plant. Many novel and effective uses of Aloe Vera have come in light due to the researches on Aloe Vera in the field of biology, biochemistry and clinical studies. The beneficial effectiveness of Aloe in wound healing and being an anti-inflammatory is due to some constituents of Aloe that are involved in the healing process. According to the recent studies, the presence of mannose-6-phosphate, the important sugar in the Aloe gel, is mainly responsible for the wound healing properties of Aloe Vera, and thus considered its possibility of being an active growth substance. Scientist found an innovative and interesting usage of Aloe Vera gel as an edible coating on fruits and vegetables that act as the healthy preservative coating and thus will preserve the quality and safety of fruits during cold storage. This study was done on papaya that resulted in its subsequent increase in shelf life. The gel also offers protection from some of the dangerous pathogens by inhibiting their growth, and it also provides numerous health benefits. It is because of this reasons, Aloe products are so popular in the market and are widely used in skin care, cosmetics, medical, health care and food industry.
The ethanolic leaf extracts of Solanum trilobatum plant were used for antibacterial study
by disc diffusion method. Different concentrations (10mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 30mg/ml) of the
concentrated ethanolic leaf extract were tested for its antibacterial activity against
bacterial strains such Bacillusubstilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, E. Cali &
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacterial cultures were grown in Muller hinton agar and
Muller hinton broth. The zone of inhibition was comparatively more in the concentration
of 30mg/ml. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic leaf extract of the plant revealed
the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and alkaloids. Thin Layer
Chromatography (TLC) value of the leaf extract showed the highest Retention Factor
(RF) value. The plant extracts showed better inhibitory activity against the tested
organisms.
Objective: The present investigation was aimed to examine the antimicrobial potential of DMSO crude extracts of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) gel against the selected pathogens Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Penicillium sps.
Methods: The bacteria were identified and confirmed by conventional microbiology procedure. Antimicrobial study was carried out by disc diffusion method against the pathogens by using the crude DMSO extracts of A. vera gel.
Results: The antibacterial activity has been observed in the DMSO gel extracts of A. vera against all the tested bacteria with varied activity. The maximum zone of inhibition 13 mm for E. coli, 12 mm for P. vulgaris, 10.5 mm for S. aureus and 10 mm for B. subtilis were observed. The maximum zone of inhibition 11 mm for C. albicians and 9 mm for Penicillium sps were observed.
Conclusion: It is hoped that this study would lead to the establishment of some compounds that could be used to formulate new and more potent antimicrobial drugs of natural origin.
Background and objectives:
Plants as sources of medicinal compounds have continued to play a predominant role in the maintenance of human health since ancient times. Even though several effective antifungal agents are available for oral candida infections, the failure is not uncommon because isolates of Candida albicans may exhibits resistance to the drug during therapy. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of few plant extracts on Candida albicans. An additional objective was to identify an alternative, inexpensive, simple, and effective method of preventing and controlling Candida albicans.
Materials and methods:
Fine texture powder or paste form of leaves was soaked in sterile distilled water and 100% ethyl alcohol, which were kept in refrigerator at 4°C for 24 h. Then filtrates were prepared and kept in a hot air oven to get a black shining crystal powder/paste form. Stock solutions of plant extracts were inoculated on petri plates containing species of Candida albicans and incubated at 25 ± 2°C for 72 h.
Results:
Alcoholic curry leaves showed the maximum zone of inhibition on Candida albicans followed by aqueous tea leaves. The other plant extracts like alcoholic onion leaves, alcoholic tea leaves, alcoholic onion bulb, alcoholic aloe vera, and alcoholic mint leaves also inhibited the growth of Candida albicans but lesser extent.
Conclusion:
The present study renders few medicinal plants as an alternative medicines to the field of dentistry which can be used adjunct to conventional therapy of oral candidasis.
Natural products are important resources in traditional medicine and have been long used for prevention and treatment of many diseases. Medicinal plants have immunomodulatory properties. Aloe is one of the herbal medicines widely used in natural treatment and alternative therapy for various types of diseases. Aloe vera has been shown to modulate the immune response. Macrophages have been shown to play an essential role as the first line of defense against invading pathogen. Candida albicans is a communal and opportunistic pathogen in humans. In this study, we investigated the effect of A. vera extract and its fractions on infected macrophages with C. albicans. Viability of intraperitoneal macrophages was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Cell viability of infected macrophages was increased by the extract and dose of some isolated fractions dependently. The extract as well as R100, R50, R30, and R10 fractions of A. vera significantly increased cell viability of macrophages in most doses. R5 and F5 fractions showed no significant difference in comparison with control group. Further studies in animal models and human are necessary to clarify the modulatory effects of A. vera on macrophage function. Isolation and purification of A. vera components are also needed to find out the effective molecules.
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