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THE DISCOVERY AND
THEORY OF THE
SLIPWAVE 2.0 – CENTRAL
CAUSE OF PARTICLE
MOTION
March 22, 2024
Mark Fiorentino
mmfiore@gmail.com
1
Abstract
Abstract - Summary of the SlipWave Theory and Definitions
In the abstract I introduce some new terminology and radical concepts. I will predefine the basic
theory of the SlipWave and the new terms of Gravity One, Gravity Two and Antigravity.
Force
The definition of force is clarified within the Theory of Super Relativity. Force in Super Relativity is
defined as a push or pull that can make objects move. Spatial bending of the aether causes the
fields of force to emerge. Gravity, magnetism and electrostatic charge are the primary fields of force.
The specific type of force that causes Gravity One is an inward contraction towards the center of the
force emitting object. It is an attraction only force. Fields of force are what makes objects move or
change direction. Therefore, all three primary forces are caused by a bending of the continuous
quasi-elastic aether.
Gravity One
Gravity One is the type of gravity that both Newton and Einstein described. In my paper On the
Origins of Mass, Inertia, and Gravity - The Unified Field Theory - August 14, 2021 I discovered
that this type of gravity is nonpolar and is attractive only. The spatial deformation involved
concerning Gravity One is spherical inward contractive only type of gravity. The space
surrounding a particle such as the Neutron or Proton is caused to contract inward towards the
perimeter of the particle. Gravity according to the Theory of Super Relativity is caused by the
accelerated motion of fundamental unbalanced charges.
Gravity Two
Gravity Two is a new type of Gravity that comes about as a result of either electrostatic or magnetic
dipole structures. Gravity Two is a straight-line vector force that is emitted by the North or Positive
pole of the dipole structure. The type of spatial deformation is inward going at the North or Positive
Pole only. Space is shifted inward towards the center field of the dipole.
Antigravity
Antigravity is a new type of Gravity that comes about as a result of either electrostatic or magnetic
dipole structures. Antigravity is a straight-line vector force that is emitted by the South or negative
pole of the electrostatic or magnetic dipole structure. The type of spatial deformation is outward
going at the South or Negative Pole only. Space is shifted outwards away from the center field of the
dipole.
Spatial Bias Version of the SlipWave (Warp Field)
The SlipWave can be generated by an intense electrostatic or magnetic dipole field of force. These
dipole fields can be used within and around macroscopic objects such as space ships to propel
them to the speed of light or beyond. Dipoles can also be used to describe fundamental particle
motion.
Photon SlipWave - the Particle Version of the SlipWave
The concept of the SlipWave comes from my study of particle dipoles such as the photon.
2
In the theory of Super Relativity, the photon has structure and is composed of equal amounts of
positive and negative charge. Therefore, it has a dipole moment. I realize that most modern-day
physicists do not believe that photons have internal structure, no electric or magnetic dipole moment
and no charge. I strongly disagree with that line of thought. There is hard evidence that strongly
suggests that photon structure helps determine light’s velocity. See this paper:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.3987 The article that talks about this is here:
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/speed-light-not-so-constant-after-all This paper supports the
idea that Photon’s have structure.
Simple Definition of a Dipole Moment
A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges within a molecule
or particle. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
Center Field Size
The Center field is a field of force that exist in the exact center of every magnetic and electrostatic
dipole. In the case of the photon this field is the point at which the positive charge field of force
merges into the negative charge field of force. This field interaction is the center point at which the
fundamental aether field is displaced backwards toward the rear of the dipole which is the negative
or South pole. This shifting of the aether within the particle is what causes the particle to be thrusted
forward.
Newton’s Equation of Gravity
To be absolutely clear Newtons equation reveals that the cause of particle motion is the attractive
force (Gravity One) generated by m1 and repulsive force (Antigravity) generated by m2. They
combine to pull and push the photon forward.
I use Newton’s equation for Gravitation to describe how Gravity Two and Antigravity describes the
physical deformation (bending) of space caused by the electrostatic structure of the photon. This
particular bending of space causes the motion of particles.
The Dipole Moment in my solution formula set is physically described by Newton’s Gravitation
equation. M1 is composed of the positive linear mass of the photon and M2 is the negative linear
mass of the photon. The bending of space becomes a force within the photon structure. The force is
composed of inward displacement of space towards the center field (Dipole Moment) of the photon.
This is an attractive linear force that causes the photon to be pulled forward. On the other side of the
center field M2 of the photon, space is shifted away from the center field and outward away from the
rear of the photon. This force complements the force of attraction which pulls the photon forward.
The force generated by M2 is a repulsive antigravity force and this force chases the positive force
forward. The total spatial deformation is a line of force bending inward toward the center field and
then passes through the center and becomes an outward line of force emitted from the negative
electrostatic field. I then apply Newton’s Third law and the cause of the forward motion of the photon
is revealed. For every action or force there is an equal but opposite reaction. Space is shifted
backward from the front of the photon and shifted through and out the rear of the photon. The
photon is forced forward as the result. The photon’s motion is an equal and opposite reaction to the
photo’s dipole structure.
You may refer back to these definitions as you read through the paper. I urge the reader to carefully
read through the entire paper. Do not skip over any sections. A greater understanding will be gained
if the reader can achieve a complete understanding of the mechanical concepts.
3
The Three Causes for Particle Motion
These are three equations that explain the possible cause of particle motion. They all are
simultaneously at work in our Universe. Newton’s Gravitational Equation is the central cause for
particle motion. This paper uses Newton’s equation to describe the cause of the Photon’s motion.
There is also the Magnetic Charge cause of Motion
There is also the Electrostatic Charge cause of Motion
4
Contents
1. The Theory of Super Relativity - (SlipWave 2.0) The Cause of Particle Motion
2. Introduction
3. The Aether (Space) is the Foundation of Reality
4. Difficulties Concerning Gravity and Gravity Research
5. The Discovery of the Error Concerning the Magnetic and Electrostatic Lines of Force
6. The Historical Origin of the Conventional Current Flow Model - Discovery of the Error
7. Why Physicists are not Concerned that the Conventional Current Flow Model is Incorrect
8. Historical Origin of Conventional Current Flow Continued
9. Hidden Evidence of a New Gravity Theory has been Discovered Concerning Dipoles and
the New Type of Linear Gravitational Field (SlipWave 2.0)
10. Thomas Townsend Brown
11. Basic Dipole Model Theory for Electrogravitic and Magnetogravitic
12. SlipWave 2.0 Mechanical Model - The Cause of Particle Motion
13. Linear Pull Push (the Negative Field Chases the Positive Field)
14. Types of Gravity
15. The Mathematical SlipWave 2.0 Model
16. The Constancy of the Speed Light Equation
17. The Constancy Equation Provides a Geometrical Explanation – This is the Central Cause
of the Constancy of the Speed of Light
18. The Center Field Dynamical Structure Determines the Photon's Constancy
19. The Constancy Equation
20. Mathematical Solution for the Cause of Photon Particle Motion (SlipWave Model)
21. Full Interpretation of the SlipWave Mathematical Model
22. Step 1 - Calculate the Amount of Energy Using the Planck-Einstein Relation
23. Step 2 - Calculate the Photon's Linear Mass
6
The Theory of Super Relativity – (SlipWave 2.0) The Cause of Particle Motion
Prolog
Einstein famously stated that Nothing happens until something moves.
This paper delves into the profound implications of this statement.
Nevertheless, I'm still far away from claiming the physical validity of the equations I derived. The
reason for that is, that I did not succeed in deriving equations of motion for particles yet.
(1) Albert Einstein, Quote from the last two sentences of his paper - "Unified Field Theory of
Gravitation and Electricity July 25, 1925."
Introduction
I believe that Albert Einstein realized that the key to unlocking the secrets of how the Universe
works was to discover the central cause of particle motion. In doing this, humanity could be freed
from the limitations of kinematics. I have realized that the sacred knowledge of autonomous particle
motion is the Breath of God. Without the motion of particles, we would not have the propagation of
light, the possibility of gravitational or magnetic fields, an electric current, or the possibility of
chemical or quantum interactions. The Universe would fall into darkness and be undetectable.
Driven by a profound sense of responsibility and the potential to reshape our understanding of the
Universe, I present this paper as the first in a three-part series exploring the novel forces of Linear
Non-Contractive Gravity Two and Antigravity. Sharing this knowledge openly with the scientific
community is paramount, and I am sure it will benefit all humanity. While acknowledging the
complexities of research dissemination, I trust this work will be considered on its merits and
contribute to meaningful scientific dialogue.
Unveiling the underlying mechanism of particle motion marks a major scientific breakthrough. The
SlipWave, identified as the critical driver of particle motion unlocks significant potential for
technological advancement. With this newfound knowledge, we can now pursue the development of
Spatial Bias Drives capable of replicating the large-scale effects of the SlipWave and paving the way
for interstellar space travel.
7
Abstract - Summary of the SlipWave Theory and Definitions
In this document I introduce some new terminology and radical concepts. In this abstract I will
predefine the basic theory of the SlipWave and the new terms of Gravity One, Gravity Two and
Antigravity.
Force
The definition of force is clarified within the Theory of Super Relativity. Force in Super Relativity is
defined as a push or pull that can make objects move. Spatial bending of the aether causes the
fields of force to emerge. Gravity, magnetism and electrostatic charge are the primary fields of force.
The specific type of force that causes Gravity One is an inward contraction towards the object. It is
an attraction only force. Fields of force are what makes objects move or change direction.
Therefore, all three primary forces are caused by a bending of the continuous quasi-elastic aether.
Gravity One
Gravity One is the type of gravity that both Newton and Einstein described. In my paper On the
Origins of Mass, Inertia, and Gravity - The Unified Field Theory - August 14, 2021 I discovered
that this type of gravity is nonpolar and is attractive only. The spatial deformation involved
concerning Gravity One is spherical inward contractive only type of gravity. The space
surrounding a particle such as the Neutron or Proton is caused to contract inward towards the
perimeter of the particle. Gravity according to the Theory of Super Relativity is caused by the
accelerated motion of fundamental unbalanced charges.
Gravity Two
Gravity Two is a new type of Gravity that comes about as a result of either electrostatic or magnetic
dipole structures. Gravity Two is a straight-line vector force that is emitted by the North or Positive
pole of the dipole structure. The type of spatial deformation is inward going at the North or Positive
Pole only. Space is shifted inward towards the center field of the dipole.
Antigravity
Antigravity is a new type of Gravity that comes about as a result of either electrostatic or magnetic
dipole structures. Antigravity is a straight-line vector force that is emitted by the South or negative
pole of the electrostatic or magnetic dipole structure. The type of spatial deformation is outward
going at the South or Negative Pole only. Space is shifted outwards away from the center field of the
dipole.
Spatial Bias Version of the SlipWave (Warp Field)
The SlipWave can be generated by an intense electrostatic or magnetic dipole field of force. These
dipole fields can be used within and around macroscopic objects such as space ships to propel
them to the speed of light or beyond. Dipoles can also be used to describe fundamental particle
motion.
Photon SlipWave the Particle Version
The concept of the SlipWave comes from my study of particle dipoles such as the photon.
In the theory of Super Relativity, the photon has structure and is composed of equal amounts of
positive and negative charge. Therefore, it has a dipole moment. I realize that most modern-day
physicists do not believe that photons have internal structure, no electric or magnetic dipole moment
and no charge. I strongly disagree with that line of thought. There is hard evidence that strongly
suggests that photon structure helps determine light’s velocity. See this paper:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.3987 The article that talks about this is here:
8
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/speed-light-not-so-constant-after-all This paper supports the
idea that Photon’s have structure.
Simple Definition of a Dipole Moment
A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges within a molecule
or particle. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
Newton’s Equation of Gravity
I use Newton’s equation for Gravitation to describe how Gravity Two and Antigravity describes the
physical deformation (bending) of space caused by the electrostatic structure of the photon. This
particular bending of space causes the motion of particles.
The Dipole Moment in my solution formula set is physically described by Newton’s Gravitation
equation. M1 is composed of the positive linear mass of the photon and M2 is the negative linear
mass of the photon. The bending of space becomes a force within the photon structure. The force is
composed of inward displacement of space towards the center field (Dipole Moment) of the photon.
This is an attractive linear force that causes the photon to be pulled forward. On the other side of the
center field M2 of the photon, space is shifted away from the center field and outward away from the
rear of the photon. This force complements the force of attraction which pulls the photon forward
The force generated by M2 is a repulsive antigravity force and this force chases the positive force
forward. The total spatial deformation is a line of force bending inward toward the center field and
then passes through the center and becomes an outward line of force emitted from the negative
electrostatic field. I then apply Newton’s Third law and the cause of the forward motion of the photon
is revealed. For every action or force there is an equal but opposite reaction. Space is shifted
backward from the front of the photon and shifted through and out the rear of the photon. The
photon is forced forward as the result. The photon’s motion is an equal and opposite reaction to the
photo’s dipole structure.
You may refer back to these definitions as you read through the paper. I urge the reader to carefully
read through the entire paper. Do not skip over any sections. A greater understanding will be gained
if the reader can achieve a complete understanding of the mechanical concepts.
The Aether (Space) is the Foundation of Reality
This paper includes my research into the topics of Gravity Two and Antigravity and their role in the
cause of particle motion. These discoveries then led to extending the Super Relativity Model of
Reality to include an improved model of particle motion called SlipWave 2.0. The Super Relativity
Model extends both Special and General Relativity Theories. The Super Relativity model is based
on the existence of a fundamental field called the aether. Therefore, before I proceed, the exitance
of the aether must be re-established. To thoroughly do this would require an extensive research
paper for the full explanation, which is beyond this paper's scope. However, this paper will
demonstrate that the cause of particle motion comes from an interaction between the photon’s
geometric structure and the medium that it is consubstantial with. Therefore, this paper will form the
basis for an argument that demonstrates the existence of a fundamental field, which is a quasi-
elastic solid. Before I move on, I will provide some authoritative proof for the existence of the aether.
Shown below, I provide expert opinions on the subject of the aether.
9
A quote from Albert Einstein, from his speech “Ether and the Theory of Relativity,” given in Leiden
in 1920.
(2) “Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is
endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an ether. According to the
general theory of relativity, space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space, there not only
would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and
time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense.”
Hendrik Lorentz strongly supported the idea of the aether. He developed the Lorentz aether theory,
which was an attempt to explain the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment while still retaining
the concept of the aether. Lorentz introduced the idea that objects moving through the aether would
undergo length contraction and time dilation, which were later incorporated into Albert Einstein's
theory of Special Relativity. Lorentz was correct about length contraction and time dilation. It's
important to note that Lorentz's theory laid the groundwork for Einstein's Special Relativity, in which
Einstein incorrectly discarded the need for the aether and introduced a new, incomplete
understanding of space and time. Einstein did this because he was already aware of the null result
of the Michelson-Morley experiment. I believe that Einstein wanted to save his theory of Special
Relativity and the Lorentz transformations from being dismissed as incorrect because of their
association with the aether. Both the Theory of Special Relativity and the Lorentz transformations
were initially developed using the Aether Theory model. In order to save his theory of Special
Relativity, he added wording to his theory, renouncing the need for the aether.
Einstein’s Justifications for the Denial of the Existence of the Aether
(3) “Examples of a similar kind, and the failure of attempts to detect a motion of the earth relative to the
“light medium,” lead to the conjecture that not only in mechanics, but in electrodynamics as well, the
phenomena do not have any properties corresponding to the concept of absolute rest, but that in all
coordinate systems in which the mechanical equations are valid, also the same electrodynamic and optical
laws are valid, as has already been shown for quantities of the first order.”
This statement demonstrates he was aware of the Michelson-Morley experimental results before he
released his paper in 1905
(3) The introduction of a " luminiferous ether " will be proved to be superfluous, for according to the
conceptions which will be developed, we shall introduce neither a space absolutely at rest, and endowed with
special properties, nor shall we associate a velocity-vector with a point in which electromagnetic processes
take place.
At this point, Einstein completely discards the luminiferous aether. These statements in Einstein’s
paper represented a regrettable departure from the fundamental truth about the aether, the building
block of our Universe.
Einstein released his paper in 1905, eighteen years after the Michelson-Morley null result
announcement in 1887. Einstein’s Special Relativity paper and the Michelson-Morley experiment
changed the course of history and sent physics in the wrong direction. The world of physics
mistakenly abandoned the aether.
10
James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell developed a mechanical model to explain electric and magnetic phenomena
using the aether, a model that led to what is now called Maxwell's equations and the understanding
that light is an electromagnetic wave.
Isaac Newton
For the most part, Isaac Newton was an advocate for the aether. In his early years, Newton strongly
supported the idea of the aether. He envisioned it as a subtle, elastic medium that permeated all of
space and provided a medium for the propagation of light, gravity, and other forces.
Newton’s Mechanical explanation: In line with his mechanistic view of the Universe, Newton
believed the aether played a vital role in transmitting forces and interactions. He saw it as a kind of
"cosmic cogwheel" that mediated the action of forces at a distance.
In the case of the aether, my allegiance lies with the pantheon of scientific giants who revolutionized
our understanding of the Universe. Though seemingly disproven, the aether theory's pursuit
spawned a surprising bounty of scientific advancements, sowing the seeds for breakthroughs in
electromagnetism, wave mechanics, and even the foundation of general relativity. The fate of the
aether theory remains an intriguing debate, and this paper strengthens Newton’s belief that the
aether does play a vital role in transmitting forces and interactions.
Gravity's spectrum broadens in this paper, venturing beyond the known with the unveiling of Gravity
Two and Antigravity, two enigmatic non-contractive linear forces operating within the Super
Relativity framework. This paper unravels the knotty enigma of light's behavior, and it offers a
crystal-clear window into the very engine that propels photons through the cosmic theater.
11
Difficulties Concerning Gravity and Gravity Research
The greatest obstacle in proving the authenticity of the discoveries of both Gravity Two (non-
contractive linear gravity) and (non-contractive) Antigravity lies in finding the facts. However, if the
facts are there, even the most hardened skeptics must finally acknowledge the existence of both
Gravity Two and Antigravity.
Facts are always convincing; the problem being is that in the past, the conclusions drawn from
the facts were frequently in error. These errors in interpretation within the realm of physics have led
to a bias against classical field theory and in favor of the newer theory of Quantum Mechanics and
the Standard Model. This entrenched bias has led scientists to consistently overlook promising
avenues in the search for a Unified Field Theory using the classical field theory model.
To avoid repeating this error, the promising theory of Gravity Two and Antigravity demands a
rigorous and unbiased examination. The potential paradigm shift promised by Antigravity and Over-
Unity energy research necessitates transparent and thorough investigation to ensure public trust
and the advancement of scientific knowledge. In the past, this has not been the case. The door has
been shut on research into these technological advancements. At some point in time, the disclosure
of these types of technologies must be allowed to come forward so that all of humanity can benefit.
This paper delves into my groundbreaking discoveries concerning particle motion and the SlipWave
phenomenon. Within its pages, you'll find a comprehensive explanation and interpretation of my
findings, including a detailed mathematical model that unveils the intricacies of particle behavior
within this novel wave system.
For over 280 years, crucial truths about the physical world lay dormant, their complexity veiled by
historical context and forgotten knowledge. Now, the time has come to rediscover them and unlock
their potential.
The Discovery of the Error Concerning the Magnetic and Electrostatic Lines of
Force
Driven by the results of three pivotal experiments, I embarked on a historical investigation into the
methods used to determine the direction of the electrostatic and magnetic field lines of force. This
exploration unearthed insights that transformed and revitalized my SlipWave Model. While
manipulating magnetic fields within the milli-tesla range, I observed peculiar interactions that suggested
the presence of two separate gravitational fields, seemingly triggered by both magnetic and electrostatic
dipole fields. This intriguing observation opened up a new line of inquiry, prompting me to delve deeper
into the nature of these potentially coexisting gravitational forces. I call these newly discovered forces
Gravity Two and Antigravity.
Intriguingly, my experiments reveal discrepancies between my observed magnetic field line
directions and those depicted in standard physics and electronics textbooks. My experimental
observations suggest that the lines exit the south pole and enter the north pole, in contrast to the
established model.
The subsequent analysis suggested my anomalous gravitational readings coming from my first
experiment were likely due to magnetic interactions. Additional magnetic field experiments also
12
indicated that the direction of the lines of force was not correct. Intrigued by this observation, I
sought to understand the cause of the error. This quest for a potential technical explanation
launched me on a captivating exploration of the historical journey that determined the direction of
lines of force. That is when I discovered a major error in the history of physics. I discovered that the
direction of the lines of force for both magnetic and electrostatic fields are reversed from what they
should be.
I believe there is still a possibility that the measurements were caused by the effect of a magnetic
dipole field's ability to generate a small Linear Gravity Two/Antigravity thrusting field. I think that
more experiments need to be done in this area. These experiments should be performed at much
higher energies so that the two Linear non-contractive gravitational Fields can be more easily
observed and quantified.
The other possibility for getting confirmation of Linear Gravity Two and Antigravity is conducting
experiments where the surrounding magnetic field from the Earth is canceled. If this is possible,
then the low-energy experiments can be repeated to see if the linear gravitational fields can be
detected.
The Historical Origin of the Conventional Current Flow Model - Discovery of the
Error
The unexpected measurements spoken about earlier triggered a thought in me. I supposed that the
direction for the lines of force might be incorrect and should be reversed from what is shown in the
textbooks. Delving deeper, I explored the historical methods used to determine the direction of lines
of force.
Why Physicists are not Concerned that the Conventional Current Flow Model is
Incorrect
Physicists acknowledge that conventional current flow, which assumes the flow of electric
current from positive to negative, is inconsistent with the actual movement of electrons in
most materials, where electrons flow from a negative to a positive terminal. This discrepancy
between conventional current flow and electron flow is a historical artifact from early theories of
electricity developed before the understanding of the atomic structure and electron behavior.
Despite this difference, physicists generally do not make a big deal about conventional current flow
not being correct for several reasons:
Historical context: The concept of conventional current flow dates back to the 18th and 19th
centuries when scientists like Benjamin Franklin and Michael Faraday developed the early theories
of electricity. At that time, the atomic theory and the nature of electric charge were poorly
understood. So, the convention was established based on the observations and theories available at
that time.
Consistency and practicality: Over time, conventional current flow (in the wrong direction)
became widely adopted in electrical and electronic engineering and scientific literature. Changing
the convention now would create unnecessary confusion and difficulties understanding existing
literature, diagrams, and technical documentation.
13
Compatibility with existing models: Many electrical and electronic devices and systems have
been designed and built based on the conventional current flow model. Changing the convention
would not alter the fundamental behavior of these systems, as the calculations and models used in
practice take the convention into account.
Focus on deeper principles: While physicists acknowledge the discrepancy between conventional
current flow and electron flow, they tend to prioritize more fundamental and profound aspects of
their research. The actual movement of electrons is well understood and accounted for in advanced
theoretical models when needed, such as in quantum mechanics.
Effective communication: Conventional current flow has proven to be an effective way to
communicate and understand electrical circuits and systems, especially in practical applications. It
does not impact the accuracy of calculations or the performance of devices when the appropriate
signs and conventions are applied consistently.
In the end, physicists recognize the historical origin and limitations of conventional current flow but
find that using this convention in most practical applications and discussions is adequate and does
not hinder scientific progress or understanding. They continue to focus on refining and advancing
more fundamental theories and models related to electricity, electromagnetism, and other fields of
physics.
Why is the actual direction of the current flow so important to me? It is important to my
research because knowing which way the electrostatic and magnetic lines of force are
moving (Relative to the Center of the Dipole Field) is important for understanding why the
North Pole would emit an attractive pulling force of gravity and why the South Pole emits a
repulsive gravitational force. The pole with inward-moving lines of force should emit an
attractive gravitational field, and the pole with outward-going lines of force should emit a
repulsive (antigravity) force. The correct knowledge in this circumstance is vitally important.
Determining the precise direction of particle motion within the SlipWave Model ultimately hinges
upon accurately identifying the actual directional displacement of space (the aether) relative to the
center of the dipole. The details of this particular spatial deformation (or force) will be given later in
the paper.
Historical Origin of Conventional Current Flow Continued
Given the limited scientific understanding of electricity in Benjamin Franklin's time, it wasn't
surprising that the direction of lines of force was established arbitrarily. He guessed the electric
current flow was coming from the positive terminal and moving toward the negative terminal. (This is
called conventional current flow). Unfortunately, Franklin guessed wrong. The incorrect direction of
electric current flow was not disproven until 150 years later when J.J. Thomson discovered the
electron. It was eventually realized that the electrons actually came out of the negative pole and
flowed to the positive pole. By then, all the textbooks were filled with incorrect field directions, and
the rotations were also backward. It was decided that it would be too much trouble to change all the
textbooks. Changing all the textbooks and scientific literature based on this discrepancy represented
a significant undertaking, and most scientists opted to continue using the conventional current flow
model, given the current logistical considerations.
The only thing that was done is that some of the new textbooks started putting in both conventional
current flow diagrams and electron flow diagrams.
14
Some physicists claim that the 'realness' of field lines is a complex topic, and it's not entirely clear if
their directionality carries absolute significance in every context. I believe the directionality of the
lines of force carries absolute significance. Since the direction of the lines of force is incorrect, I think
this also affects the rotation orientation for the positive and negative charges. Based on these
findings, we can now establish a new convention where clockwise rotation represents a positive
charge, and counterclockwise rotation represents a negative charge.
I believe that conventional current flow is a colossal error that should have been corrected many
years ago. If I reverse the direction of the lines of force for magnetism and electrostatic fields, the
gravitational measurements I made now make sense. Ah, but the measurements I made in my first
experiment were probably not gravitational. I call this error a happy accident. These measurements
caused me to reexamine my theory and the theory of Antigravity. The measurements triggered me
to research the history of electricity and magnetism and also caused me to look for evidence of
gravity and Antigravity being emitted from dipoles. I believe it is important for scientists and
philosophers to keep an open mind. My research into this problem did not stop at discovering the
proper directions of the lines of force for magnetic and electric fields were reversed.
Hidden Evidence of a New Gravity Theory has been Discovered Concerning Dipoles
and the New Type of Linear Gravitational Field (SlipWave 2.0)
The possibility of dipoles emitting two novel gravitational forces, Gravity Two and Antigravity, gained
traction in my mind during this period. I began exploring the potential existence of evidence
suggesting that magnetic and electrostatic dipole fields may emit different types of gravity from
opposing poles. It is important to note that Gravity One is not associated with dipole fields directly
but Gravity Two and Antigravity are directly associated with dipoles.
In the past, I found one person with a credible story. His name was Thomas Townsend Brown. He
reported experiencing the effects of my newly theorized Linear Gravity Two and Antigravity.
Thomas Townsend Brown
Thomas Townsend Brown claimed to be the first person to observe the effects of his antigravity
device. Brown’s experiments with high-voltage fields stored within condensers led him to believe he
had achieved a groundbreaking antigravity effect. While experimenting with different capacitor
configurations, Brown noted that applying high voltage with the positive electrode (anode) oriented
upwards resulted in a measurable decrease in the capacitor's weight and a subtle upward
movement. Flipping the positive electrode (anode) downwards caused the capacitor to exhibit a
noticeable gain in mass, reversing the previous effect. The observed weight changes under polarity
reversal imply a possible directed force field, with the anode potentially generating an attractive
gravitational-like force and the cathode exhibiting a repulsive antigravity-like force.
It appears at this point that the North or Positive pole emits Gravity Two, and the South or negative
pole emits Antigravity. I have determined that from the three experiments I have done and from T.T.
Brown's work. My observations also confirm that the directions for the lines of force, as depicted in
textbooks, are incorrect. When the directions are reversed, linear Gravity Two emitted by the North
or Positive Pole and Antigravity emitted by the South or negative pole make sense. As of February
15
10, 2024, a supporter emailed me some documents created by T. T. Brown and Paul LaViolette.
Brown’s and LaViolette’s documentation confirms my discovery concerning the proper direction for
the lines of force. Shown below is a small part of T.T. Brown’s documentation (Figure 2) and
patents. Paul LaViolette’s drawing (Figure 1) for the electrical lines of force, direction of motion
(thrust), and gravitational field shape perfectly match the Super Relativity Model drawings I have
made over the years. Based on extensive research spanning many years, the Super Relativity model for
generating Gravity Two and Antigravity has also been tested and possibly validated through
experimentation in my lab. More experimentation needs to be done.
Figure 1(from Paul LaViolette)
16
Figure 2
Basic Dipole Model Theory for Electrogravitic and Magnetogravitic
Eventually, all of this research and discovery led me to conclude that I needed to stop
guessing how much energy was required to demonstrate a Linear Gravity Two and Linear
Antigravity field. I then sought out an equation that I could use to predict how much energy would
be needed to confirm the existence of Gravity Two and the Antigravity field. Specifically, the
equation I sought had to answer this question. How much energy in Joules is stored in the magnetic
and electrostatic fields? Once I could determine the energy stored in those fields, I could transform
the energy into its equivalent mass and convert the attracting masses into a linear force. This
paragraph describes the process that causes particle motion.
By using this system of equations, I was able to transform the geometry of force (magnetic or
electrostatic fields) into a geometry of energy (Joules) and then convert the geometry of energy into
a geometry of mass (kilograms). Finally, I transform the geometry of mass into the geometry of force
in (Newtons). This technique allowed me to successfully describe both types of gravitational fields
generated by the electrostatic dipole fields of the photon. This implies that two separate but similar
equations will be required to describe the distinct effects of Gravity Two and Antigravity accurately.
One equation will use inductance (magnetic version) in the formulas, and the other equation will use
capacitance (electrogravitic version). I could use these equations to determine a direct
transformation from the magnetic or electrostatic dipole into the new version of the SlipWave
propulsion field that contains both Gravity Two, which is a straight-line vector field, and Antigravity,
also in the form of a straight-line vector field.
I succeeded in finding the equations that will do precisely what is needed. These equations will be
fully described in two other papers. This paper leverages a technique that converts energy into both
17
positive and negative mass. These resulting masses are then used to generate a linear force,
employed within an adapted version of Newton's Law of Gravitation. The transformation is from the
geometry of energy to the geometry of linear mass into the geometry of force. All of these geometric
transformations occur within the aether fundamental field.
SlipWave 2.0 Mechanical Model - The Cause of Particle Motion
Figure 3
I now believe that I have successfully derived the equation set that fully describes the SlipWave 2.0
model, which is the cause of autonomous particle propulsion. The equation set I employ explains
the motion of all near-massless subatomic particles. This paper includes the specific set of formulas
to be used for the special case of the photon. There will be other papers dedicated to the electron
and quark motion.
The SlipWave-driven photon, with its unique dipole interaction within the aether, is expected to
exhibit a slight increase in linear rest mass located in the front part of the photon. The front part of
the photon is m1 in Newton’s equation. On the other hand m2 is the second half of the photon which
contribute a linear negative mass. These two masses are multiplied together and work in
conjunction to pull-push the photon forward. I then tested my motion formulation by placing the
system of equations into a computer program simulation. Once this task was completed, I was able
to mathematically demonstrate how and why a photon of any wavelength moves at the constant rate
of 299,792,458 m/s. See pages 20, 21, and 22 of this document for a full explanation of how the
constancy of light is maintained.
18
Linear Pull Push (the Negative Field Chases the Positive Field)
We must now delve deeper into the actual mechanical cause of the photon's motion. The photon is
an electrostatic charge dipole, which creates a very small amount of polarized linear longitudinal
force within the aether fundamental field. The field of force is caused by a displacement of the
aether along the x-axis of all particles, and it is this displacement of space relative to the particle’s
center field that creates the particle's gravitational (mass) and antigravitational (anti-mass) fields.
The first half (positive field) of the photon’s linear field displacement has the lines of force moving
inward toward the center of the photon. The second half, or the negative field of the photon, has the
lines of force moving outward and away from the center of the photon. See Figure 3 above. The
green arrowed line shows the spatial displacement where space is pulled inward through the photon
and pushed outward out of the rear of the photon. Now, we must evoke Newton’s third law. For
every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The deformation of space in this direction
causes the photon to move forward, as shown in Figure 3 by the purple arrowed line. What is not
depicted in the image is the center field of force. The center field of force plays the dominant role in
the cause of the photon’s motion. The size and strength of the center field of the dipole is the most
intense concentration of electrostatic force, and the electrostatic force in this region creates a lateral
movement of the quasi-elastic medium. By virtue of its field size and concentration, it also
determines the photon’s maximum velocity within space.
Types of Gravity
At this point, it is important to note that the gravity I am speaking of here is Linear Gravity Two and
Linear Antigravity. This paper explains these two new types of gravity in greater detail. Gravity One
is a contractive force and has no poles. It is attractive only and is described in my previous paper,
which is located at ResearchGate. (4) On the Origins of Mass, Inertia, and Gravity - The Unified
Field Theory - August 14, 2021. This paper explains the causal nexus between electromagnetism
and Gravity One. Gravity One is the type of gravity known to conventional, modern-day physics. I
am referring to Newton’s and Einstein’s gravity.
The Mathematical SlipWave 2.0 Model
The first task to be completed is deriving the equation for motion within the aether. To accomplish
this, I must answer this question. "What equations should be used to describe the cause of particle
motion within the aether medium? Immediately, what should be recognized by the reader is that the
aether does exist. In our current scientific perspective, space is usually considered to be a vacuum,
meaning that it is nearly empty of matter and has extremely low pressure. It is considered to be
entirely empty otherwise. However, as have the physicists and scientists before me, I propose that
space is not truly empty but instead filled with a substance called the aether. According to the theory
of Super Relativity, the aether is the fundamental field and the medium within which all
electromagnetic wave-particles propagate. The fundamental field is as Hendrick Lorentz correctly
assumed it to be. It is a quasi-elastic or quasi-rigid solid. Since space is a real physical medium, the
motion of a particle within that medium would depend on the properties of the aether, such as its
density, elasticity, viscosity, and so on.
I chose as a starting point the wave equation
. This equation is the mathematical
expression for the energy (E) of a photon in quantum mechanics. This equation is known as the
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Planck-Einstein relation, and it relates the energy of a photon to its wavelength (λ). We can calculate
the amount of energy for any size photon. It should be made clear at this point that this procedure
that I will guide the reader through assumes a classical view of reality where things like Photons
have real, measurable properties such as a physical size structure, amount of energy, and velocity.
In modern-day physics, the photon, or any sub-atomic particle, is believed to have no size in the
traditional sense. According to Quantum Mechanics, photons are fundamental and lack internal
structure. This is why I do not use quantum mechanical theory in my model. The QM model is
counterintuitive because it lacks direct observation and has serious interpretational challenges. I
believe it is an incomplete system of thought, as Einstein claimed. Therefore, I will use classical field
theory and equations to solve the problem concerning the cause of particle motion. I only use one
QM equation.
After we have obtained the photon’s energy for a specific wavelength, we can now use Einstein's
famous equation to calculate the photon's mass. . We then algebraically manipulate
, and rearrange it in order to isolate the variable to solve for mass.
. According to the
Theory of Super Relativity, the photon has a very small linear rest mass. Its linear rest mass is
generated by the positive and negative charge components of the photon’s structure. This mass is
very small. For example, the mass for a photon with a length of 300nm is only 4.626725E-35
kilograms. The linear mass value will be needed later in the Super Relativity Model for calculating
the motion of a photon. I can and should use e=mc2 because the photon is a special case particle
that is composed of two linear rest masses.
The next step is using the equation I derived. This equation describes how the constancy for the
speed of light is accomplished. The Constancy Equation describes what happens at the center of a
photon's dipole structure every time a photon is created. As far as I know, the equation is new math
and does not exist in any textbook.
20
The Constancy of the Speed Light Equation
Figure 4
In this equation, 1.758328873799* E-30 is a numerical coefficient. As you can see, it is a very small
number in scientific notation. In this context, it represents a newly discovered constant equivalent to
a scaling parameter. What this equation generates in my equation set is the distance , which is
the size of the center field within the dipole field at the center of a photon structure. It is inserted into
this equation
. The distance generated is extremely small and grows and shrinks
as the wavelength of the photon increases and decreases. I consider this variable to be the coupling
parameter, and the adjustment of this variable maintains the constancy of the speed of light. No
matter what the wavelength of the photon is. The speed of that photon will always be "c," the speed
of light. That matches what we observe in our Universe and Einstein’s first postulate of Special
Relativity.
21
The Constancy Equation Provides a Geometrical Explanation – This is the Central
Cause of the Constancy of the Speed of Light
Center Field Dynamical Structure Determines the Photon's Constancy
Now, how is this mechanically explained? The constancy of light is determined at the point of the
creation and emission of the photon particle/wave. When the photon is created, its wavelength and
energy level are defined as a result of its size and structure. At the same time, at the very center of
the dipole field, the coupling parameter determines the size and strength of the force field located at
the center of the photon dipole structure.
In the situation of the photon dipole, which consists of two opposite charges separated by a certain
distance, we have the simplest version of an electrostatic dipole. What happens at the center of the
photon dipole field is a well-known sensible physical transformation of an ultra-small force field.
When the photon's wavelength increases, the center field decreases in size. When the photon's
length decreases, the center field increases in size. This value is input into the abovementioned
equation (. This is the coupling parameter. See example below:
As the photon increases in length (the center field = coupling parameter decreases in length
300nm = 0.00000000000000000000000000320944079062039
= 3.20944079062039E-27
500nm = 0.0000000000000000000000000024860221465423
= 2.4860221465423E-27
1000nm = 0.000000000000000000000000001757883118
= 1.757883118E-27
9000nm = 0.000000000000000000000000000585961039333333
= 5.85961039333333E-28
As the photon decreases in size (the center field -- coupling parameter increases in length)
300nm = 0.00000000000000000000000000320944079062039
= 3.20944079062039E-27
30nm = 0.000000000000000000000000010149142913812
= 1.0149142913812E-26
1nm. = 0.0000000000000000000000000555891451323854
= 5.55891451323854E-26
.1nm = 0.0000000000000000000000001757883118
= 1.757883118E-25
At first, this seems counterintuitive. I will now provide the geometric explanation.
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An electrostatic charge dipole field structure consists of two equal and opposite Rotational wave
charges that are separated by a small distance. The electric dipole moment is a vector that points
from the negative charge to the positive charge, and its magnitude is proportional to the product of
the charge and the distance. The electric field of a dipole at a point depends on the angle between
the dipole moment and the position vector of the point, as well as the distance from the dipole. The
electric field is strongest along the x-axis of the dipole and weakest in the perpendicular direction.
If we increase the total length of the dipole, we are increasing the distance between the charges
and, therefore, the magnitude of the dipole moment. This means that the electric field along the x-
axis of the dipole will increase, and the electric field in the perpendicular direction will decrease. As
a result, the center of the dipole structure, where the electric field is zero, will shrink in size.
To visualize this, you can imagine that the electric field lines are like rubber bands that are attached
to the charges. If you pull the charges apart, the rubber bands will stretch and become more
concentrated along the x-axis of the dipole and less concentrated in the perpendicular direction. The
region where the rubber bands cross each other will also become smaller. This explanation
assumes that the dipole and center field exist within the aether, which is a quasi-elastic solid.
The Constancy Equation
This equation is a power function with a negative exponent. The variable x is in the denominator of
the expression, which means that as x increases, y decreases. The exponent of -0.5 means
that y decreases at a faster rate than x increases.
The constant 1.758328873799 * E10-30 is a scaling factor that determines the magnitude of the
output. This value is inserted into Newton's Gravity Law Equation. This coupling parameter creates
an inline thrusting force that drives the photon forward. This is physically accomplished by emitting a
gravitationally attractive positive charge force at the front of the photon followed by a negatively
charged antigravity force at the rear end of the photon. The positive charge is attracted forward, and
the negative charge is attracted to the positive charge and chases it forward. This fully explains the
cause of the photon’s motion. The following sections take the reader through a complete example of
how to calculate the photon’s velocity.
23
Mathematical Solution for the Cause of Photon Particle Motion (SlipWave Model)
Step 1. Calculate the amount of Energy using the Planck-Einstein relation.
Choose a wavelength for the photon. Then, calculate the amount of Energy using the Planck-
Einstein relation. It was derived by Einstein in 1905.
We first need to calculate the energy content for a particular photon length. The equation essentially
states that the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency (c/λ), and inversely
proportional to its wavelength. Higher frequency photons carry more energy, while longer
wavelength photons carry less energy.
The Planck–Einstein relation was a groundbreaking discovery that helped bridge the gap between
classical physics and quantum mechanics. It revolutionized our understanding of light and paved the
way for further development in areas like atomic and nuclear physics.
Here's a breakdown of the equation and its meaning:
• E: Energy of the Photon, measured in Joules.
• h: Planck's constant, a fundamental physical constant with a value of 6.63 × 10^-34 Joule-
seconds. It acts as a proportionality constant between energy and frequency.
• 2πc: Twice the product of pi (π) and the speed of light (c), which is approximately 2.998 × 10^8
meters per second. This term represents the angular frequency of the photon.
• λ: Wavelength of the Photon, measured in meters.
We will need the energy content to calculate and solve for the photon's linear mass. The linear mass
stretches across the photon structure's x-axis. The photon's linear mass is directly related to the
amount of gravitational force generated as a vector field within the photon structure.
Step 2 - Calculate the Photon's Linear Mass
Calculate the linear mass of the photon using Einstein's mass-energy equivalence.
Physicists think that this equation should not be used to describe a photon. The reason is that
photons are massless. We can use it in this case because, in my theory, the photon’s linear mass is
not zero. It’s a very small number, but not zero. Therefore, we can use this equation.
While some aspects of the mass-energy equivalence were explored by other scientists before
Einstein, Albert Einstein is rightfully credited for discovering the equation and its profound
implications. He published it in his 1905 paper on special relativity, titled "Does the Inertia of a Body
Depend upon Its Energy Content?" This paper provides a comprehensive answer to that question.
The meaning of the equation is far-reaching:
• E: Represents the total energy of a system, including both kinetic and potential energy.
• m: Represents the mass of the system.
24
• c: Represents the speed of light, a fundamental constant.
Essentially, the equation states that mass and energy are interchangeable. One can be converted
into the other, and the amount of energy released or absorbed is proportional to the change in
mass, multiplied by the square of the speed of light, which is a very large number.
Full Interpretation of the SlipWave Mathematical Model
In Super Relativity’s SlipWave Theory, we find significant differences in the concepts of mass and
gravity as compared to the Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity points of view. In the case of
photon emission coming from an electron, the mass conversion to energy comes about as the result
of creating an energy particle called the photon. According to the Theory of Super Relativity, when
the electron emits a photon, some of the inertial mass of the electron is converted from contractive
Gravity One inertial mass into an energetic particle that generates small amounts of Gravity Two
linear non-contractive mass and anti-mass. The inline electrostatic charge structure of the photon
generates these two linear masses. Gravity One mass is caused by the accelerated motion of
unbalanced charges. On the other hand, Gravity Two and Antigravity linear mass structures
(positive and negative charge components of the photon) are the force structures that cause the
photon to have linear kinetic energy or straight-line motion.
The linear mass is geometrically caused by an actual spatial shift or displacement of the aether
medium along the x-axis of the dipole structure. This longitudinal shift is what generates the linear
attractive mass in the front part of the photon and the linear repulsive mass (antigravity field) at the
rear of the photon. The direction of motion that the photon has comes from the linear mass, which is
a positively charged structure at the front part of the photon structure. The negative charge structure
located at the rear of the photon chases the positive charge structure and pushes the photon
forward. What I have just described is the SlipWave 2.0 model. PLM (Positive Linear Mass)
generates Gravity Two ((+) (-) direction of motion) NLAM (Negative Linear Anti-Mass)
generates Antigravity.
The next step in the calculations is to input the positive and negative masses into Newton's Law of
Gravitation Equation. This equation reveals the gravitational force of attraction within the dipole
structure in the form of Gravity Two and Antigravity. This force of attraction generates the thrust
direction forward and the thrust velocity within the photon. The thrust is a longitudinal wave structure
that creates thrust within the particle due to Newton's Third Law. For every action, there is an equal
and opposite reaction.
So, in the case of the photon, the space is deformed inward at the front of the photon. ➔(+)➔➔➔(-
)➔ and exits at the negative or rear of the photon. This bending of space is a linear gravitational
force that works on the entire photon. The effect is an equal and opposite reaction of the geometric
photon structure. In other words, the photon moves in the opposite direction of the physical
deformation caused by the electrostatic field structure. The result of this is that the photon moves in
this direction (+) (-). The main thrust comes from the (center field) located at the photon's
center. The above explanation describes the photon’s dipole moment. The photon’s dipole moment
is a vector property describing the overall field strength and direction.
This interpretation applies to Newton's Law of Gravitation, which has now been extended to handle
gravitational forces of opposite polarity.
25
Step 3 - Calculate r2 the Center Field Size
Calculate the Center Field size using the Constancy Equation. The Center Field has already been
defined within the abstract. If you are not sure what I mean by this please reread the definition.
This equation has a single input, which is x, which is the wavelength of the photon in meters. The
value y will be used in Newton's Gravitation Equation. The value generated for y becomes r2 input
to Newton’s equation.
Step 4 - Calculate the Thrust Force Generated by the Photon's Geometry
Calculate the thrust Force in Newtons generated by the electrostatic dipole structure. M1 is the
positive linear mass that was previously calculated above, which comes from
M2 is the same mass as m1 but has a negative value.
So now what we have is
where m1 is the previously calculated mass and m2 is the
same mass value times (-1). The r2 is the previously calculated value that comes from the
Constancy Equation shown above.
The calculated value of r2 is then used as the final input for Newton's equation. This scaling
parameter is used in Newton's Law of Gravitation formula
.
Step 5 - Calculate the velocity of the photon particle/wave in meters per second
Calculate the velocity of the photon particle/wave in meters per second. This is calculated by using
the formula. Δv=F/mΔt
Here's a detailed explanation of the equation Δv = F/mΔt:
Equation Components:
• Δv (delta-v): Represents the change in velocity of an object. It's the difference between its
final velocity and initial velocity, measured in meters per second (m/s).
• F (force): Represents the net force acting on the photon object. It's the total force pushing
and pulling the object, measured in newtons (N).
• m (mass): Represents the mass of the object, measured in kilograms (kg). It's a measure of
how much matter the object contains. I chose to use the mass calculation value coming from
Einstein's equation. The issue here is that according to Super Relativity Theory, the photon is
composed of two linear masses. These linear masses have already been described above. The
important point to understand here is that both geometries combine to propel the photon forward.
Even though the lines of force are opposite in direction, when the two charges are aligned one next
to the other, the linear gravitational field moves in the same direction, going in the North Pole
through the center of the dipole and moving out of the South Pole. The very small field between the
two charges is where the smooth transition takes place from inward-going deformation to outward-
going deformation. This transition from a positive field to a negative field happens at the very center
of the photon.
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• Δt (delta-time): Represents the time interval during which the force is applied, measured in
seconds (s).
Meaning of the Equation:
This equation expresses the relationship between force, mass, time, and the resulting change in
velocity of an object. It's a fundamental concept in physics known as the impulse-momentum
theorem.
27
Conclusion
I believe that one of the key challenges remaining in realizing Einstein's vision of a Unified Field
Theory is understanding the mechanism driving particle motion. A famous modern-day
astrophysicist once said, "The universe is under no obligation to make sense to you." While it may
be true that the Universe doesn't owe us perfect comprehension. I believe that physicists and
philosophers have a profound responsibility to strive for an accurate and comprehensive explanation
of the Universe's workings.
My purpose has been and always will be to act in the best interest of all truth-seeking people of this
world. I have a great love and respect for all the scientists and philosophers in this world.
Unfortunately, despite their best efforts, they have not achieved a widely accepted, complete theory
unifying gravity to electromagnetism.
With the modern world presenting phenomena that current quantum mechanics struggles to explain,
I believe it is crucial to investigate the alternative theoretical framework called Super Relativity.
Many believe the current understanding of our physical reality is incomplete. Seeking a more
comprehensive explanation, I developed the Theory of Super Relativity. However, I think the current
searches for truth seem misguided, prompting me to propose an alternative framework.
The reasoning that compelled me to act is as follows:
1. Determinism vs. Probability: The following theories of Special Relativity, General Relativity, and
Super Relativity operate deterministically, meaning there's a cause-and-effect relationship for every
phenomenon, and the future state of the Universe is predictable. Quantum mechanics, on the other
hand, introduces probabilism and indeterminacy. Certain aspects, like an electron's position in an
atom, can only be predicted with probabilities, leaving both Einstein and I uncomfortable with the
lack of absolute determinism.
2. Completeness vs. Incompleteness: Einstein and I believe a fundamental theory shouldn't rely on
statistical interpretations, like wave functions in quantum mechanics, but should reveal the
underlying reality in a deterministic and complete way.
This paper is the first part of a three-paper series that thoroughly explains the mechanical workings
of the Universe. In conjunction with my previous paper, "The Origin of Gravity and Force
Unification via the Electromagnetic Bridging Model as defined by Super Relativity November
25, 2015," this paper fully describes the three types of gravity that exist.
1. The first type is Gravity One, described in part by Einstein's General Relativity. This type of
gravity is contractive and inertial in nature.
2. The second type is Gravity Two. This is a newly theorized type of gravity that is non-inertial and
non-contractive and emerges into reality as a result of dipole structures. It is emitted from the North
or Positive Pole. In conjunction with Antigravity, it is the central cause of particle motion.
3. The Third type of gravity is Antigravity, and it emerges into reality as the result of being emitted by
the South or negative pole of a dipole.
Both Gravity Two and Antigravity will be discussed in more detail in my next two papers. These
papers will talk about Super Relativities Electrogravitic and Magnetogravitic Models. The full
description of our reality is achieved by describing the cause of particle motion along with the
28
explanations of all three types of gravity. The image below represents the geometric mechanical
framework of the photon particle/wave.
Figure 5
29
References
(1) Einstein, A. (July 25, 1925). Translation of Einstein’s Attempt of a Unified Field Theory with
Teleparallelism. Session Report of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Retrieved from
https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0503046.pdf
(2) Einstein, A. (May 5, 1920). Ether and the Theory of Relativity, https://mathshistory.st-
andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Einstein_ether/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20general%20theory,interv
als%20in%20the%20physical%20sense.
(3) Einstein, A. (September 26, 1905). On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/On_the_Electrodynamics_of_Moving_Bodies_(1920_edition)
(4) Fiorentino, M. (2015, November 25). The Origin of Gravity and Force Unification via the
Electromagnetic Bridging Model as defined by Super Relativity. Research Gate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266473444_The_Origin_of_Gravity_and_Force_Unificati
on_via_the_Electromagnetic_Bridging_Model_as_defined_by_Super_Relativity_November_25_201
5