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Громадська діяльність Гната Хоткевича

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
 
 !"!"#"$%&'
((()*+,-)./01+23-45676)8402-(69+56-45212*,-43/00,56
2-860,53,-(/:(#2(5/,.0(+(,02,.37;/-2+25+256
-32602*+:<00,6+602=5>84(>+,<,0/8,52=/0/+16=?
#2(5/,.*20>*,-43/00,:45>75>84(>+0>6)8406-(4@1+23-452
*286(,.02<%60A+5(,0>>.-(4>5>84(>+022-6(069(2+,-(936-(
#+52
Ключові словаB1+23-456)8406-(4?*,-43/00,5?2-860,53,-(/:(?
5>84(>+022-6(06(2+,-(
((4)*2-)C/02AC/-(/0027/)(/8402-(,9+452-5212*,-(/8),
,--8/2(/8),-5>--(&#2(5/,.&10(+(D02,.*2.(,-2+258/(
-322(/+;/002(+>,8-)0*2*+,C/+20275>84(>+D'/82/521+23027
E0/+1,,?&#2(5/,.-2/,0)8*,-(/84-5><,5>84(>+0></)(/8402-(4-
2AC/-(/002*28,(,./-5270*+,0,385(,02/>.-(,/5>84(>+02
*+2-/(,(/840D92AC/-(912+2#+452
Ключевые слова:2AC/-(/00)/)(/8402-(4?*,-(/84?,--8/2(/84
,-5>--(?5>84(>+02*+2-/(,(/840D/2AC/-(
FGH IJKLMNH LO PHQRKHP KR KGH STUNLM IMKLQLKLHO RV WGIJXLQ YJLKHJ IZP IJK
JHOHIJMGHJ[\RKXHQ]MG^IJK]ZRQ]MGOHNVNHOON]YRJXHPLZKGHVLHNPRVKGHZIKLQHIJK
IN_ROK]HIJOFGH_IZRVKGH`JHIKHZHJ`]?[\RKXHQ]MGMR_ULZHPKGHYJLKHJIZP
MTNKTJIN IMKLQLKLHO YLKG KGH STUNLMIZP ORMLIN RZHO\H KRRX IZIMKLQH SIJK LZKGH
MTNKTJINIZPHPTMIKLQHORMLHKLHORVWGIJXLQ
Key wordsB STUNLM IMKLQLKLHO YJLKHJ? IJK JHOHIJMGHJ? MTNKTJIN IZP HPTMIKLQH
ORMLHKLHO
Постановка проблеми. a +25> 6A>-)7 +9/28216.0,7 @b=@ >
#+5260(#2(5/,.?)523>(26A>82+256?2+106@>*/+c/6-(2+6=
52A@+-(,-(>*52A@+6686+0,560@b=@6"3;/,-(>*@*+2322<?
5+,(,5><., >+) @ */+/c52, +2@,(5> 52A@+-( ( >5+=0-452= *6-06
d286:6) +2A,8 2Ac>5, 7212 5+(,+6? */+/-86>8 7212? +/c(2>8?
06(4 ,-,8,8 @ 3/;6 5+=0, 8/ 60? *2/+0>c,-4? @02> A+-) @
>8<A8/0>-*+>
06/+-840(2+.6-(4?C2*2/+((4-)20-?0/32;/0/9,8<(,
(,9?9(2@0723,7@721286(/+(>+0,3,(2+3,? (/(+8402<?3>@,.02<(
e284582+02/(021+e6.02<6)8406-(<? (23>C2 #2(5/,.f 0/(6845, (2+
@0.0,99>2;069?*>A86:,-(,.0,9(0>52,9+2A6(?2+106@(2+(/(+8402=6
3>@,.02=-*+,5+=06%60-(-212+2>-,32823/*29,?)5@+),8
*28>3g)0,3 /0(>@6@323 */+/2,9 >5+=0-45,9 60(/861/0(6*+2-6(,(/86?
/*29,? C2 -(+)-8-) 58-22< A2+2(4A2< @ -(028/00) 6 >(/+;/00)
02212>-69-e/+9;,(()->-*684-(
Аналіз актуальних досліджень 6(/+(>+ *+2 #2(5/,.
9+2028216.02 *268)(4-) 0  */+62,B *+,;,((,7 aaah (
->.-0,7%,0)(25-(02,(450,1%2+28/05iaj?)567*/+c/*6-8)29
/-)(,+6.@32.>00) @1>(4-) *+2 #2(5/,. 5>*6 @15, *+2 0(
+(,02,.?
9+56-45212*,-43/00,5 6 1282, -(+7523>? 36-()(4-)  k-(2+6= 36-( 6 -68
5+=0-452= #+56-452A8-(4lm i-? jd+22-2A> #2(5/,.
0+>5206 -*21, ./05? @ )5,3 60 +@23 *+:< >
@22/(/+,0+023> (/9065>36? %+(,0<5? '>A ( %+.>5m ihj
m6(218) ( 3>@,.0> 6)8406-(4 0( +(,02,. +2@18)0>8 ->.-0,7
>5+=0-45,7 2-860,5 !>*+>0 %20 9+5(/+,@> #2(5/,. )5
*+/-(0,5 >5+=0-45212 -*5230212 >06/+-86@3>? 8/ 6@0.? C2
h
(2+.-*C,00(+(,02,.18>@6-2:628216=(6-(2+6=2-02023>
-58(4-) @ +>52*,-0,9 3(/+686? )56 *2(+/A><(4 2(52212 ,./00)
i-j
".,-8/006*2-8620,5,-*+,0(+(,02,.0/8,c/5+=06?
8/ 8/52 @ == 3/;3, @A/+61<(4 6 +2@,<(4 (+,:6= 52A@+-(?
@*2.(5206 #2(5/,./3 n,0,7 > -6(6 3>@,.0286(/+(>+0,7 ;>+08
o0>+mij?)5,7,8 op52852A@+-452123,-(/:(m>!4<q2+5>?
0-2=9-(2+6059 -,-(/3(,.02 *>A865> 3(/+68,*+2;,(()6 (2+.6-(4
#2(5/,. "5? 0*+,58? *2.,0<., @ a +? > ,*>-59 ;>+08>
-/+6< -((/7 *>A865>8, +2A2( 0( +(,02,. o0>+ ( ==
32;8,2-(6m/A686(20/2A+/63g)0(#2(5/,.*2/+((4-)6@@A>(()?
7212 -*C,0 2/+;> -/ 2Ag5(,06c> 2:605>? -( >920,3 0A00)3
>5+=0-452=5>84(>+,
Мета статті f 2-86,(, 1+23-45>? 5>84(>+022-6(0< 6)8406-(4
6232129+56-45212*,-43/00,5
Виклад основного матеріалу!+2,-)0(#2(5/,.#+526
+25> A6067 +2,06 d6-8) @560./00) +/840212 >.,8,C -(>*, 2
#+56-45212(/9028216.021260-(,(>(>!.<.,-4 60-(,(>(6?#2(5/,.
2+106@> +3(,.0,7 1>+(25? 2 )5212 92,8, 6 -(>/0(, >06/+-,(/(>
;/ @1223? > r*23,09 (/(+8402= 6)8402-(6r? *,-43/00,5 (5 *2)-0,
32(,,?)56 -*20>58,@)(,-) @:< -*+>B r/)>5+=0-452= ,-(,?6/)
>5+=0-45212-82?C2A202*+2-(292.*+2@>.82(3?/@A2+20/02723>
*0>(,0-2=7@/386?:)6/)6-5+6*,82,0->:6840,71>+(ri-j%
+/*/+(>+6 -(>/0(-45212 3(2+-45212 (/(+>A>8,(2+, 2(8)+/-45212?
6(5,-02b)0/05?+2*,0,:452128/#2(5/,.0/@8,c-)8,c/
-23> 1>+(5>? (23> 7 0/ *+2*>-5 ;202= 022= ,-(, *+2e/-670,9 6
30+><.,9(/(+6?;6A02,.+/;,->+>72e2+38/00),-(s03/002
(/? C2 ;/ (26 #2(5/,. ,-(>* *2A2+0,523 >5+=0-45212 +/86-(,.0212
(/(+>
! 560/:4 a9 +256 *+,* *2.(25 86(/+(>+02= 7 ,0,.2=
6)8402-(6 0( +(,02,. a +25> 60 2*>A865> > 846-4523>
;>+086ks2+)l-2*/+c/2*2600)k+>@,05l28,*2.,0,92,(,
k6(/+(>+02 0>52,7 6-0,5l? *,-43/00,5 -( 20,3 @ 5(,0,9 7212
-*6+2A6(0,56
<,0/8,52=/0/+16=?#2(5/,.*20>*,-43/00,:45>75>84(>+0>
6)8406-(4 @ 1+23-452*286(,.02< d+292)., -(>/0(-45> *+5(,5> 0
#+56-452,528=-4567@86@0,:6?@0723,(4-)@+/28<:67020-(+20,3,
+2A6(0,53,28,560:6a9+256##-(>*+23,-82,9:/0(+95+=0,?
2-2A8,2 #+526? *6 *8,23 A2+2(4A, +2A6(0,.212 58-> 2-6=
*2-,8<(4-) +/28<:670,7 +>9? #2(5/,. +@23 @ */+/22< .-(,02<
-(>/0(-(A/+/5(,0> >.-(437259 6*286(,.0,9/320-(+:6)9 t/
*+,/822(212?C2aa+25>#2(5/,.?)520212@5(,0,9>.-0,56
-(>/0(-452= /320-(+:6= *+2(, -2:6840212 6 0:620840212 102A8/00)?
,58<.8, @ 60-(,(>(> r0  +25, A/@ *+ -(>*> 2 A>4)52= ,C2=
c528,r?(52;*2@A,8,*+*+2;,00)3/;9#+56-452=1>A/+06=i
Mj8/a+2:6@*+2900)33606-(+:6=60-(,(>(>723>2@28,8,?)5
@6A023>-(>/0(26?12(>(,,*8230,7*+2/5(2@9,-(>
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5236-6<*+,:423>(2+,-(6i-j
d6-8)@560./00)60-(,(>(>#2(5/,.@a+25>*+:<60;/0/+23>
(/906.023> 6686 #+522,528=-452= @86@0,:6 s>-(+6.<.,-4 .-(2 @
+2A6(0,53,?60*+,92,(42,-025>?C2(+>)C,9*2(+6A02@8>.(,2
5>84(>+,? +2@c,+<(,=9 -6(218)? +2@,(, =9 0:620840>-6236-(4 s
:6<3/(2< a+2:6 #2(5/,. 2+106@>+3(,.0,7 3(2+-45,7(/(+
-/+/ +2A6(0,56>5+=0:6 @2> -684-45212-*2+-45,9 3c,0 /84e/+65
/6/8412@/s:4212.->?)5@1>60-3?*2.,0(4-)7212r-/+72@0
(/(+8406)8406-(4riMj *2.(5> 1>+(25 A> 382.,-/840,3
%6->(06-(4 25+/3212 *+,36C/00) */+/c52;8 +2@,(526 3(2+-45212
+3(,.0212 (/(+> d+2()123 a +25> 3(2+-45,7 (/(+ *2-(,
-630:)(4 ,-( d2*>8)+06-(4 (/(+> -/+/ +2A6(0,.,9 /+-( *2-(6702
@+2-(8
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9+56-45212!+20212A>,05>?)5,7A>8265+,(28<(212ah+25>0(
#2(5/,. @/+0>-) @ *+2*2@,:6< 2 5236(/(>? )5,7 @6> !+20,3
A>,0523?-(,(,,-(,07212-:/06%8,-(62%0(<561+>0)
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9298:45,3, *g-3, *2(63? 528, ) 2A,-)(5, -212? f )5 ();52
22,82-)6-(2<(,?C2A038,92.6,-(,>36-):4?A220,92(68,
(,8,c/20>*+,+2-67-45,9l
0//023> (/5-(6 *2+>c>(4-) 20/ @ 07-5806c,9 6 A28<.,9
*,(04 /*29, 63*/+686@3> f 0:620840/ */+c6 +25, ## -(286(()
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0/8/1567 A2+2(4A6 @ 236(/(23 !+20212 23> 6-(2< -2= ,321,?
*2@0./06-368,,3,,-(>*3,*+21+/-,02=.-(,0,>5+=0-452=60(/861/0:6=
*+2(, */+/-86>04 0:6208402= 5>84(>+, :,9 ,-(>*9 A/+>(4 >.-(4
./06#+56-452126 ,=-45212 >06/+-,(/(6? 60(/861/0:6) A1(429 36-(
5+=0,?6:/@092,(4*6(+,35>*+21+/-,0,96).65>84(>+,2-6=?>(23>
.,-862+45212?%2+28/05?n*60i?-j
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6 1+2c/7 @ ,-(,? 2(;/? 20, 7c8, 0 *2(+/A, !+20212 A>,05>
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!+20212 A>,05>? *236(,8, 7212 -32A>(06-(4 6 0/@,.702 /8,5>
*+:42,(6-(4"23> 0 *2.(5>56(0) ah+25>  #2(5/,.> 6 >.-0,53
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,-(2<r>+85,r+*/05+212(/(+#2(5/,.+2@*2.02,7/(*
>-2=76-(2+6="6845,@/b)(436-):6ah+25>3(2+,*2-(,8,0-:/06
!+20212 A>,05> /b)(0:)(4 ,-(? )56 6682  h 2-2A, t/
-/+/0423> -(02,82  18).6 0 ,-(> ih -j %,-(, A>8,
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r8/-)r? r6 -63b=r? r7 -/+:< 28<r? rs7,1282r?  +*/05+212
r+(,0 2+>8)r? r>+85,r? r(2 (,-).r? r2@>30,7 >+/04r ( 60c6
2-67-452<322<A>82*2-(8/02rs*,-5,A2;/6840212r2128)
d6 .- +2-67-452= +/28<:6= aa ++ #2(5/,. -(
2+106@(2+23612822<t/0(+8402122+106@:670212-(+7522125236(/(>
#+56-452,528=-452=@86@0,:6?2A+0,7/8/1(23%-/+2-67-45212@g=@>
@86@0,.0,56d6.-1+>0/212*2-(00)a+*/+/A>>2-56?*6-8)
*+,>c/00) )5212 -6.06 a + ./+/@ @1+2@> +/c(> A> @3>c/0,7
/361+>(,28,.,0,
-/8,c,-4 +,2+606? ,. ;,(() 1>:>86? 0+20> (2+.6-(4?
2+106@2>(/(+840,71>+(25?)5,7*/+/(2+<(4-)0(/(+?0+92><.,
>.-0,56t/7(/(+30+>*2-/89636-(9?2A><.,0267026>-*69,
> 426? +526? 06(4 > %606 0( #2(5/,.  -28406 520:/+(,?
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<5/,.?"+>C?q(0,5(60c6
,c/./+/@c6-(4+256?>a+2:6?#2(5/,.*2/+((4-)223>?8/
72126+@>@+/c(>8,@>.-(4>-(+759,c/0*+,560:6(212;+25>
723>C-(,(4,7(,028<?660@02>A/+/(4-)@-2<A0>+>730+>
*25+=06?,-(>*,6
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1>:>84-45,7(/(+7*25@(,7212,-(,?8/670a+25>*/+/c52;
@67-0/00<:,9@>36
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,520>82 e>05:6= vd+2-6(,m "2+,-(2 8c(2>82 8/5:6= @
>5+=02@0-(? /.6+5, 8) 32826 >5+=0-452< 322< f v38/045,7? 8/
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*23/c500) 58>A>? 2+106@20212 :,3 (2+,-(23 v%,./00) +602=
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@(/+;/023>8<(212a+25>?@@0.82-)?C2(2+,-(238203/(6
v(,-2=3.8/036-(2+200632-2A3?)56:658)(4-)>5+=02@0-(23?@321>
,.(,:<-*+>?+2,03-2=9.8/06*+22,(,6840,7.-52+,-02(@
*+,306-(<m "2+,-(2 382 /56845 6686B 5+-0212 *,-43/0-(?
3,-(/:(?/(021+e6=8)2-)10/00)3/(,(2+,-(2+2@+2A,82*+21+3>B
668 5+-0212 *,-43/0-( ,. >5+=0-456 (2+,?  668 3,-(/:(
@73-)6-(2+6<(e682-2e6<3,-(/:(?/(,52<(/-(/(,52<>5+=0-452=
(2+.2-(6? h 668 /(021+e6= ,. *3g)(5, >5+=0-452= -(+2,0,?
e284582+>? 32>? @,.=? 0+206 */+/5@, ( *2A>( >5+=0-45212 0+2>?
6-(2+6< ( 1/21+e6< 5+=0, "2+,-(2 8c(2>82 8/5:6= @
>5+=02@0-(? /.6+5, 8) 32826 >5+=0-452< 322< 6 92. :/ A> o
38/045,7? 8/ 52+,-0,7 210,5 *236; @18402= (/3+),m? )5@1> 
>3:2 i? -j sA/+61-) -((>( :4212 (2+,-(? (52; *+2(2528,
65+,(,9 @-604 668> @ a +65 56(/04 f 1+>/04 s :/7 */+62
66823 A>82 *612(28/02 6 *+2.,(02  2*264 0 (56 (/3,B
m+12302m?o/+320(26p/./052m?o,5,(p*28)5*2/(m?m822?
*+,-)./0/+252,03+60./05m$(021+e6.02<-/5:6<A>*+2//0,7
/.6+A0>+,?(52;#2(5/,.*+2.,(-,-(/3(,.0,75>+-8/5:67*+2
8,.,0> i -aj A/+/@06 a + 7212 )5 o2-2A8,2 c568,212
/8/3/0(m,-802@3/;65+=0,B2812+2?*2(63f2%2+20/;
A/+/@06a+0(+(,02,.2.28,5+=0-45,72+106@:670,7
5236(/(>#+526?>56(06a+>67c22-58>5+=0-452=1>A/+0-452=
+,5(,0> >.-(4A+ #2(5/,.+@23@ 1863?u>3:2,3?
%+60-45,3(60c,3,>-(2+/006(2+,-(kd+2-6(ls=9606:6(,,
(@-*+,)00)#+56-452=>5+=0-452=1>A/+0-452=+,./+0)a+25>
6A>8,-) >-(02.6 @A2+, 5>84(>+02 2-6(04212 (2+,-( >8 -(2+/0
",3.-2+0.286@*+2e/-2+23'2+02>-23?128203/()52=*28)18
*+2//006 2+106@:6702= +2A2(, ,+2A8/00) -((>(>? 2-020,9 0*+)356
6)8402-(6? @*,- -69 A;<.,9w *612(25( -58,500) @1840,9@A2+6
!+/c(6?y/+/-0) ay+ A>8,-58,506 @18406@A2+, .8/069+56-45212
>5+=0-45212(2+,-(od+2-6(m*61282>00)3*+2e/-2+u>3:2
d+2e/-2+ 1867? )5212 A>82 2A+02 12822< , (2+,-(? @+2A,
2*264*+237A>(0<6)8406-(4vd+2-6(,m?)56736-(,-)@1840,7*80
+2A2(, (2+,-( 1867 6@0., /8,./@0> +284 vd+2-6(,m 
*+2A>;/0060:6208402=-32-6232-(666+2;/006>5+=0-452120+2>?
*65+/-8,c,?C29+56-4567vd+2-6(6m62,(4-)2-2A8,2;8,/36-:/?
2-56845,>36-(63/c5@0.0568456-(460(/861/0:6=?>.06-452=328267-3/
20, *2,006 *+:<(, 0 0,6 5>84(>+, 6 *+2-6(0,:( s *+2*2@,:6<
a
3,(+ 02,. @A2+, @(/+,8, ((>( ( *80 +2A2(, vd+2-6(,m?
2+106@:6< *g)(, 5236-67B *2*>8)+02,0,.2=? 0>522*/1216.02=?
8/5:6702=? A6A862(/.02=? 3>@,.02+3(,.02= 2*266 186) (52;
6@0.82-)? C2 2-02> -2= ,0,.2= 6)8402-(6 ( ,5800) 
!+2023>>06/+-,(/(6>5+=02@0-(vd+2-6(m*2580/*+(67061-8?
,-6(8/00)3,0>8212(0,06c04212-(0>5+=0,00>52,9?2Ag5(,0,9
@-9i-j!@A2+9A>*+2.,(0,78,-(?)523>*26238)82-4?
C2*/+<5((2+2;/-45,7+><(40223>(2+,-(>-2=50,12@A6+06?
)560+92><(4 /56845 (,-). 50,;25 d,(00)*+22+106@:6< +2A2(,
od+2-6(6m 2A122+<82-) 0 +6? / A>8, >98/06 0-(>*06 +6c/00)B
@58-(, ,0,:(2 50,1 8) 0+2>w 2+106@>(, >5+=0-45,7 668
(2+,-(8)+/e/+(60>522126*/1216.0212@36-(>@>5+=02@0-(6
0+202= c528,w 2+106@>(, *2*>8)+06 5>+-,? 8/5:6= @ >5+=02@0-( >
#+56-4523> 0+2023> >06/+-,(/(6w 2+106@>(, 8-06 .,(8406 0
2528,:)936-(#+52?@-0>(,>5+=0-456e686=*+,.,(840)9?A6A862(/59w
>67(, > @02-,0, @6 -:/06.0,3 >5+=0-45,3 1>+(523 !+20212 A>,05>
#+56-45212(2+,-(1+32(02-(6ix?-j
z+>0(><.,-4 0 +6c/00)9 @1840,9 @A2+6? vd+2-6(m c,+252
+2@12+0>8-2<6)8406-(4d/+c@-/?(2+,-(20812,82,0,:(2
86(/+(>+,"5?-/+6)50,;255>84(>+026-(2+,.02=A6A862(/5,,7c8>-6(@
+/5:6<186)?/*/+c2<A>8,0v-(2+6)82A6-452=5+=0,m?
0*,-0 0,3 @ -*/:6840,3 @328/00)3 ,0,:( "2+,-(2
2+106@>82 @184022-(>*06 7 A/@*8(06 5>+-, @ +6@0,9 ,-:,*860
>5+=02@0-(? @8>.,c, 2 =9 ,5800) 5+C,9 e96:6B *+2e/-2+6
186)? >3:2? ,0)-45212? "+0>c/05 ( 60 t6 5>+-, 52+,-(>8,-)
*2*>8)+06-(< -/+/ 2-,(4 c,+25212 520(,01/0(> -8>9.6? )5,7 -58-)
*/+/;02@2+2-8,9?8/382*612(28/0,98</7v*+2-(212-(0>l
s1223#2(5/,.667c26*286(,.02=6)8402-(6>2+106@(2+23
6 ,58./3 >.,(/84-45,9 5>+-6 @ >5+=02@0-( #+526? *+:< 
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(2+,8)A0>+,(92+6?0>526*+:6?*/+/,0267+/5:6=o3g)0>
>c>ma?+>5>o>:>84-4562A+@5,oah?+3,o%20,m(o*285>
12+/63m? (52; 0>52> *+:< o !+20,7 6 -/+/0426.0,7 (/(+
8,.,06o aw *26-(4o 6+20m?*+:< *+2 +,12+6)522+2>? *,c/
-*21,*+2-2*/+/A>00)s960675+=06?68,(4-)2-623@5*/82<
A0>+,-(6>d28(62A+,3*6->35237212(2+.2-(6A>8*2)(230212
,00),A+0,9(2+6aahh?C2,7c8,>,0,:(6o>9o
8/ ahh +65 *+,06- 8) A1(429 *,-43/00,56? )5 6 8) -4212
>5+=0-452120+2>?-(+c06,*+2A>00)61282?+/c(?+2@-(+68,?@-800)
6:45>00)2,0,:(*+,92,8,-(+c06?+2@*.8,68,-(,?A8100)
2*2321, 7 2A2+20, 0( #2(5/,. ;, (26 A68) #+52? > /-/85>
%,-2523>%@,35>(212+25> *+,7c26604212(5,7 8,-(Bm 53/0686
;,(,{/0/*2@A,8,*+:66986A0,95+(25|,1282>32 -*+232;0,7
5>*,(,8,c/2,05>92845-2860/04?@)52=+,320-69<c5>!29
6(/73328,c/20>*+>.2A6(? =3 ;/ (+/A 92,(, 2 c528,  0
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6 ( -32@+2@>368 1606-(4? )5 ,+2A8)(4-) *+2()123 -(286(4 6-0>00) 6
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5>84(>+,
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