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Climate Change Rating of Countries
Joseph Nowarski, M.Sc., ME – Energy Conservation Expert
Version 4.1.1, 19 February 2024
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10677134
all versions DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7294267
Abstract
This work proposes a system of Climate Change Rating of countries (CCR). The
parameters included in the rating are CO2 emissions per capita and per GDP,
cumulative CO2 emissions in the last 30 years, and changes in CO2 intensity in the
last 10 years.
The parameters are compared to the world averages.
The CCR for 2020 includes 208 countries, 99.99% of the global CO2 emissions and
population, and 99.83% of the global GDP.
The A-G rating groups are according to the rating limits. The best rating (A) is for
the lowest CCR.
The world average CCR value in 2020 is 100, equivalent to group E.
Keywords: Climate Change, Global Warming, CO2 emissions, CO2 per capita, CO2 per GDP, CO2 emissions per
capita, CO2 emissions per GDP, Climate Change Rating, Global Warming of countries, climate justice,
carbon justice
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Glossary
$$GDP $2017 of cumulative GDP in the last 30 years
ΣGDP cumulative GDP in last 30 years, $GDP
Ave average
Black10 group of 10 countries from group G, the black group, with the
highest CO2 emissions in the group
CCO2 global cumulative CO2 emissions according to publication [1] [2],
CO2 emissions produced from fossil fuels and cement production
only – land use change is not included, tCO2
CCp$$ country’s cumulative CO2 emissions in the last 30 years per
cumulative GDP in the same period
CCp$$W weight of parameter CCp$$
CCR Climate Change Rating of countries according to this work
CGP Conservative Global Parameter, decreasing only world parameter
applied to the CCR
CO2 emissions of Carbon Dioxide, CO2
Cp$ country’s CO2 emissions per GDP in the last year, tCO2/$GDP (ton
CO2 per year, per $GDP 2017 per year)
Cp$10 country’s change in Cp$ in last 10 years, tCO2/$GDP
Cp$10W weight of parameter Cp$
Cp$W weight of parameter Cp$
CpC country’s CO2 emissions per capita in the last year, tCO2/y,cap
CpC10 country’s change in CpC in last 10 years, tCO2/y,cap
CpC10W weight of parameter CpC10
CpCW weight of parameter CpC
GDP Gross Domestic Product, constant international $ 2017, $GDP/y
Global Warming global surface temperature change over land+ocean above
1850-1900 baseline, °C
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ktCO2/y kilo-ton CO2 = 1,000 metric tons of CO2 per year
MtCO2/y Mega-ton CO2 = 1,000,000 metric tons of CO2
OWID Our World in Data – Internet site [1] [2]
Ref reference
tCO2 metric ton of CO2
tCCO2 metric ton of cumulative CO2 in the last 30 y
tCO2/y,cap metric ton of CO2 per year, per capita
WB World Bank
WCCp$$ world cumulative CO2 emissions in last 30 years per cumulative
GDP, tCO2/$GDP
WCp$ world CO2 emissions per GDP in the last year, tCO2/$GDP
WCp$10 world change in Cp$ in last 10 years, tCO2/$GDP
WCpC world CO2 emissions per capita in the last year, tCO2/y,cap
WCpC10 world change in CpC in last 10 years, tCO2/y,cap
Parameters Included in the Rating
Table 1 - Parameters included in the rating
Country World
Parameter Symbol Symbol Unit
CO2 emissions per capita CpC WCpC tCO2/y,cap
CO2 emissions per GDP Cp$ WCp$ tCO2/$GDP
Cumulative CO2 in the last 30 years per
cumulative GDP in the same period CCp$$ WCCp$$ tCO2/$GDP
Change in CpC in the last 10 years CPC10 WCPC10 tCO2/y,cap
Change in Cp$ in the last 10 years CP$10 WCP$10 tCO2/$GDP
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Weights of CCR Parameters
Table 2 - CCR parameters weight
Parameter Weight
Parameter Symbol Weight Symbol
Cumulative CO2 in the last 30 years
per cumulative GDP in the same period CCp$$ 20% CCp$$W
CO2 emissions per capita CpC 25% CpCW
CO2 emissions per GDP Cp$ 25% Cp$W
Change in CpC in the last 10 years CpC10 15% CpC10W
Change in Cp$ in the last 10 years Cp$10 15% Cp$10W
Σ 100%
Conservative Global Parameters
The CCR world parameters will change every year. There will be years when some
world parameters will increase and some will decrease.
To ensure a conservative approach to the CCR, “Conservative Global
Parameters” (CGP) will be applied every year and not the actual world
parameters of this year.
If the value of the world parameter decreases below the value of the previous
year’s CGP, the new CGP will updated to the actual value of the world
parameter.
If the value of the world parameter is above the last CGP, the CGP for the current
year will remain the same as in the previous year.
For the first year of the CCR, 2020, the CGP equals the world parameters in 2020.
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Climate Change Rating of Countries
Formula 1 - Climate Change Rating
CCR =
= [CCp$$W * CCp$$ / WCCp$$] +
+ [CpCW * CpC / WCpC] +
+ [Cp$W * Cp$ / WCp$] +
+ [CpC10W * CpC10 / WCpC10] +
+ [Cp$10W * Cp$10 / WCp$10]
CCR Climate Change Rating of a country
CCp$$W weight of parameter CCp$$
CCp$$ country’s cumulative CO2 emissions in the last 30 years per cumulative GDP,
tCO2/$GDP
WCCp$$ CGP of world cumulative CO2 emissions in the last 30 years per cumulative GDP,
tCO2/$GDP
CpCW weight of parameter CpC
CpC country’s CO2 emissions per capita in the last year, tCO2/y,cap
WCpC CGP world CO2 emissions per capita in the last year, tCO2/y,cap
Cp$W weight of parameter Cp$
Cp$ country’s CO2 emissions per GDP in the last year, tCO2/$GDP
WCp$ CGP world CO2 emissions per GDP in the last year, tCO2/$GDP
CpC10W weight of parameter CpC10
CpC10 country’s change in CpC in the last 10 years, tCO2/y,cap
WCpC10 CGP world change in CpC in the last 10 years, tCO2/y,cap
Cp$10W weight of parameter Cp$
Cp$10 country’s change in Cp$ in the last 10 years, tCO2/$GDP
WCp$10 CGP world change in Cp$ in the last 10 years, tCO2/$GDP
A higher value of the calculations’ result means worse CCR (more CO2 emissions,
lower rating).
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Sources of Data
The datasets are from the following sources:
o OWID [1] [2] CO2 emissions produced from fossil fuels and cement
production only – land use change is not included
o World Bank (WB) [3] GDP, PPP (constant 2017 international $)
o United Nations (UN) [7] GDP (constant 2015 $)
CO2 emissions are without international transport.
More details regarding the datasets may be found in the publication [4].
Table 3 - Dataset [1] [2] [3] [4] [7]
CO2
emissions GDP Population
Source of data OWID World Bank/OWID/UN OWID
Reference [1] [2] [4] [3] [4] [1] [7] [1]
Countries 208 208 208
From year 1990 1990 1990
To year 2021 2021 2021
CO2 from fossil fuels Yes
CO2 from cement production Yes
CO2 from other sources No
Other GHG No
Land use change No
International transport No
Units MtCO2/y Constant International $ 2017
Resolution 1 ktCO2/y 1 Constant International $ 2017
Table 4 - Completeness of Data
Dataset World Dataset to
World
countries 208 240 86.67%
CO2 emissions MtCO2/y 34,326 34,326 100.00%
Population Ex6 7,841 7,841 99.99%
GDP Ex9$ 126,513 126,732 99.83%
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World CCR Parameters
Table 5 - World data for 2020
Parameter Symbol Unit World 2020
CO2 emissions in 2020 tCO2/y 34,325,692,000
GDP $GDP/y 126,732,219,588,076
Population 7,840,952,832
Cumulative CO2 emissions in the last 30 years tCCO2 864,284,220,582
Cumulative GDP in the last 30 years $$GDP 2,590,775,267,367,470
Cumulative CO2 in the last 30 years per
cumulative GDP in the same period WCCp$$ tCCO2/$$GDP 0.000334
CO2 emissions per capita WCpC tCO2/y,cap 4.38
CO2 emissions per GDP WCp$ tCO2/$GDP 0.000271
CpC before 10 years tCO2/y,cap 4.62
Cp$ before 10 years tCO2/$GDP 0.000332
Last CpC to CpC before 10 years WCpC10 tCO2/y,cap 95%
Last Cp$ to Cp$ before 10 years WCp$10 tCO2/$GDP 81%
Conservative Global Parameters for 2020
2020 is the first year of CCR, therefore all CGPs are equal to the world parameters
of 2020.
Table 6 - Conservative Global Parameters - CGP2020
Parameter
Parameter Symbol CGP2020
Cumulative CO2 in the last 30 years per
cumulative GDP in the same period WCCp$$ 0.0003336006143
CO2 emissions per capita WCpC 4.377744993
CO2 emissions per GDP WCp$ 0.0002708521330
Change in CpC in the last 10 years WCpC10 94.72665877%
Change in Cp$ in the last 10 years WCp$10 81.47706217%
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Example for Israel
Table 7 - Basic parameters for CCR for Israel in 2020 [4]
Israel
Parameter Symbol Unit Israel CGP (World) to CGP
CO2 emissions in 2020 CO2 tCO2/y 55,008,000 34,325,692,000
GDP GDP $GDP/y 365,661,304,062 126,732,219,588,076
Population 8,757,487 7,840,952,832
Cumulative CO2 emissions in the last 30 years CCO2 tCCO2 1,745,520,900 864,284,220,582
Cumulative GDP in the last 30 years ΣGDP $GDP 6,975,474,716,130 2,590,775,267,367,470
Cumulative CO2 in the last 30 years per
cumulative GDP in the same period CCp$$ tCCO2/$GDP 0.000250 0.000334 75%
CO2 emissions per capita CpC tCO2/y,cap 6.28 4.38 143%
CO2 emissions per GDP Cp$ tCO2/$GDP 0.000150 0.000271 56%
CpC before 10 years tCO2/y,cap 9.32 4.62
Cp$ before 10 years tCO2/$GDP 0.000261 0.000332
Last CpC to CpC before 10 years CpC10 tCO2/y,cap 67% 95% 71%
Last Cp$ to Cp$ before 10 years Cp$10 tCO2/$GDP 58% 81% 71%
Table 8 - CCR Index for Israel in 2020
Parameter
Parameter Symbol Value Weight Index
Cumulative CO2 in the last 30 years per
cumulative GDP in the same period CCp$$ 75% 20% 15%
CO2 emissions per capita CpC 143% 25% 36%
CO2 emissions per GDP Cp$ 56% 25% 14%
Change in CpC in the last 10 years CpC10 71% 15% 11%
Change in Cp$ in the last 10 years Cp$10 71% 15% 11%
Σ 100% 86%
The Climate Change Rating (CCR) of Israel for 2020 is 86, which means 14% better
than the world average (100). Israel has 4 CCR indexes better than the world
average. CO2 emissions per capita are 43% above the world average.
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Table 9 - Israel’s country page on the website [5]
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Rating A-G
Rating A-G includes 7 groups.
Currently, the dataset includes 208 countries. On average there may be about 30
countries in each group.
The CCR limits for each group are set according to the following criteria:
Rating A is below half of the world average, CCR <= 50
Rating E is below the world average, CCR <=100
Rating F is above the world average but less than 150% of the world
average, 100 > CCR <= 150
Rating G is above 50% of the world average, CCR > 150
Ratings B, C and D are set considering rounded CRI limits and the number of
countries in each group in 2020
In the next years the CCR limits will remain constant, which will cause a change in
the number of countries in each group, hopefully more countries in Green-Blue
groups and less in Violet-Red-Black groups.
Following is a proposal for the A-G groups
Table 10 - A-G groups
Rating min CCR max CCR Color
A 50 Light Green
B 51 60 Dark Green
C 61 70 Light Blue
D 71 85 Dark Blue
E 86 100 Violet
F 101 150 Red
G 151 Black
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Table 11 - A-G groups in 2020
Rating Ave CCR tCO2/y countries
2020
A 43.1 64,240,675 13
B 55.5 452,596,360 24
C 65.8 1,289,499,182 30
D 77.2 2,947,234,126 44
E 91.9 4,553,560,059 35
F 120.9 8,567,596,157 34
G 209.6 16,440,549,561 28
CCR Ratings
Proposed details on the CCR country Rating
o The year of the rating
o Country Flag
o Country ISO Code
o Country Name
o The country rating A-G in the related color
o The number on the countries list, starting with the best and number of all
countries in the list
o Value of the rating, indicating that a lower value means less CO2 emissions
o Table of CCR parameters of the country and the Conservative Global
Parameters
o Table of CCR indexes of the country
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Climate Change Rating of Countries on the Website
The Climate Change Rating of countries for 2020 (CCR2020) according to this work
is available on the website nowagreen.com/ccr [5].
Table 12 - Climate Change Rating of Countries on the website [5]
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Versions
Changes in this version
o Introduction of “Conservative Global Parameters”
o Change of A-G rating
o Change of A-G colors
o The number of countries included in the CCR system increased from 192 to
208
o Data update
o References [6] [7] added
o Editorial corrections
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References
1. Hannah Ritchie, Max Roser, Edouard Mathieu, Bobbie Macdonald and
Pablo Rosado - Data on CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Our World
in Data
https://github.com/owid/co2-data#data-on-co2-and-greenhouse-gas-
emissions-by-our-world-in-data
2. Our World in Data, Cumulative CO₂ emissions, 2020
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cumulative-co-emissions
3. GDP, PPP (constant 2017 international $) - World Bank, International
Comparison Program, World Bank | World Development Indicators
database, World Bank | Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme
4. CO2 Emissions per GDP – Joseph Nowarski, DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7294873
5. Nowagreen Climate Change Rating of Countries
https://nowagreen.com/ccr
6. CO2 Emissions per Capita – Joseph Nowarski, DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7264405
7. UN Data – A World of Information - National Accounts Estimates of Main
Aggregates | United Nations Statistics Division
* * *