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141
Eleven species of jumping spiders from Sichuan, Xizang, and
Yunnan, China (Araneae, Salticidae)
Cheng Wang1, Xiaoqi Mi1, Shuqiang Li2
1 Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, China
2 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li (lisq@ioz.ac.cn)
Copyright: © Cheng Wang et al.
This is an open access article distributed under
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (Attribution 4.0 International –
CC BY 4.0).
Research Article
Abstract
Ten new species of jumping spiders are described from China, including Attulus jimani
sp. nov. (♂♀) from Yunnan, Colaxes cibagou sp. nov. (♂♀), Epeus pengi sp. nov. (♂♀),
Evarcha zayu sp. nov. (♂♀), Icius zang sp. nov. (♂♀), Pancorius nyingchi sp. nov. (♂♀),
Stertinius liqingae sp. nov. (♂♀), and Synagelides medog sp. nov. (♀) from Xizang, S.
tianquan sp. nov. (♂♀), and Yaginumaella erlang sp. nov. (♂♀) from Sichuan. The hither-
to unknown female of Phintella longapophysis
time. Diagnostic photos and the distributional maps for all species are provided. Four
new combinations are proposed: Epeus dilucidus (Próchniewicz, 1990), comb. nov., and
E. guangxi (Peng & Li, 2002), comb. nov. transferred from Plexippoides
Phintella suava comb. nov. transferred from Carrhotus Thorell,
Yaginumaella armatacomb. nov. transferred from Pan-
corius Simon, 1902.
Key words: New combination, salticid, southwestern China, taxonomy
Introduction
With the series of taxonomic studies conducted, the knowledge of the fami-
recorded species number has exceeded 720, which is higher than Brazil, the
the Chinese jumping spider remains a poor species survey, and in the light of
prospection by Li (2020), the species number could reach ca 1500.
Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan are the three bordered provinces in south-
groups and have presented a very high species diversity of jumping spiders, es-
pecially Yunnan, where at least 235 species are documented, far exceeding the
number of salticid species known from Vietnam (161), Japan (150), and about
Academic editor: Dimitar Dimitrov
Received:
23 October 2023
Accepted:
5 February 2024
Published:
21 February 2024
ZooBank: https://zoobank.
org/406CD197-9BA6-4F38-B519-
2F8AD3DCBA1C
Citation: Wang C, Mi X, Li S (2024)
Eleven species of jumping spiders
from Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan,
China (Araneae, Salticidae).
ZooKeys 1192: 141–178. https://doi.
org/10.3897/zookeys.1192.114589
ZooKeys 1192: 141–178 (2024)
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1192.114589
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Cheng Wang et al.: Jumping spiders from China (Araneae, Salticidae)
In our recent examination of jumping spider specimens collected from those
three provinces, ten species were recognized as new to science, and the un-
known females of Phintella longapophysis Lei & Peng, 2013 were also found.
This work aims to describe the new species, the unknown female of P. longa-
pophysis and propose four new combinations in other salticids.
Material and methods
Specimens were collected by beating shrubs or hand collecting. They were
-
tute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS), China, and
Tongren University (TRU) in Tongren, China. The specimens were examined
with an Olympus SZX10 stereomicroscope. After dissection, the vulva was
cleared in trypsin enzyme solution before examination and imaging. Images
of the copulatory organs and habitus were taken with a Kuy Nice CCD mount-
-
are given in millimetres. Leg measurements are given as total length (femur,
are as follows:
ALEAMEAERW anterior eye row
ARAS AtCD
COEEFL
FD H LP MA median
MSPCAPERW
PL PLE
PSRCA
RTA S SD TF
tegular flap.
Institutional abbreviations: IZCAS Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of
TRU Tongren University.
Taxonomy
Family Salticidae Blackwall, 1841
Genus Attulus Simon, 1889
Type species. Attus helveolus
Comments. Attulus is placed in the Subtribe Sitticina Simon, 1901, together
-
ily distinguished from other genera of the Subtribe except Sittisax
2017 based on the long fourth legs and absence of retromarginal cheliceral
teeth (Maddison et al. 2020), and it can be distinguished from Sittisax by the
tube-shaped, folded spermathecae.
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Attulus jimani sp. nov.
Figs 1, 2, 22A
Type material. Holotype ♂ : Yunnan: Deqen County
Paratypes♂2♀
Etymology.
in genitive case.
Diagnosis. The male of Attulus jimani sp. nov. resembles that of A. dubatolovi
A. dubatolovi
-
ed in A. dubatoloviA. jimani
sp. nov. closely resembles that of A. clavator (Schenkel, 1936) in the general
shape of epigyne and vulva, but it can be distinguished by the spermatheca
having an elongated anterior chamber, and a transversely extending posterior
chamber, and by the absence of markings on the dorsum of abdomen (Fig. 2B,
E), versus the spermatheca having a spherical anterior chamber, and posterola-
terlly extending posterior chamber, and the presence of a pair of oval spots on
the dorsum of abdomen in A. clavator
somewhat resembles that of A. nitidus
by the median septum, which is separated from epigastric furrow about one-
third its length and almost equal in width anteromedially (Fig. 2A), versus at
least half its length, and widened anteriorly in A. nitidus
Description. Male
Legs: I 6.21 (1.75,
-
-
cerae red-brown to dark brown, each with three teeth on promargin. Endites wid-
ened at distal half, with pale antero-inner areas. Labium dark, tapered, with dark
grey anterior margin. Sternum red-brown to dark brown, about 1.5 times longer
than wide. Legs red-brown to dark brown. Abdomen oval, dorsum dark brown,
without distinct markings, with three pairs of muscle depressions medially, cov-
Palp -
-
sition of bulb, widened at base, and followed by the slender remaining portion
slightly curved and ending with blunt tip.
Female-
Legs:
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Habitus (Fig. 2E) similar to that of the male except
paler in colour.
Epigyne and vulva (Fig. 2A, B): wider than long, atrium irregular, posterome-
openings almost half-round, situated at the lateral sides of the base of median
spermathecae divided into two elongated chambers, the posterior chamber
transversely extending.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China (Fig. 22A).
Genus Colaxes Simon, 1900
Type species. Colaxes nitidiventris Simon, 1900.
Comments. Colaxes is a rather poorly known genus, which is placed in the
-
ing: 1) the presence of dark markings on the laterals of the abdomen and the
Figure 1. Male palp of Attulus jimani sp. nov., holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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four spines on tibia I (except for Ballus
leaf-like setae ventrally on tibiae I (except for Cynapes Simon, 1900 and Ballus).
Figure 2. Attulus jimani sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C holotype habitus,
dorsal D ditto, ventral E female paratype habitus, dorsal F holotype carapace, frontal G holotype chelicera, posterior. Scale
bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, GC–F).
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pointed out that the taxonomic validity of Colaxes requires further investiga-
tion. It is worth noting that Paul et al. (2020) were not concerned about the
absence of leaf-like setae ventrally on tibiae I, an essential character in Benja-
Colaxes can be easily distinguished from Asian Ballini genera except Ballus,
Copocrossa Simon, 1901, and Mantisatta Warburton, 1900.
Moreover, Colaxes can be distinguished from Ballus by the carapace, which
can be distinguished from Copocrossa, and Mantisatta by lacking much-devel-
oped leg I (see the colour habitus photos of Copocrossa tenuilineata (Simon,
1900) and Mantisatta trucidans
-
tively poorly known, and members are rather diverse in habitus and copulatory
organs. The below new species might not be true Colaxes
decided to temporarily assign it to the genus because it lacks leaf-like setae
ventrally on tibiae I, shares similar copulatory organs with the known member,
C. horton
Colaxes cibagou sp. nov.
Type material. Holotype ♂ (TRU-XZ-JS-0001), : Xizang: Zayu County,
2023, C. Wang leg. Paratypes 2♂1♀
♂2♀
Etymology. The species name is a noun derived from the type locality: Ciba-
gou National Nature Reserve.
Diagnosis. Colaxes cibagou sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other
presence of hood structure formed by the anterior portion of the epigynal me-
width in diameter, two or three male cheliceral promarginal teeth, and the ab-
sence of similar hood structure in Colaxes
Description. Male
1.23 wide. Abdomen 2.21 long, 1.02 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME
Legs:
yellow except the eye bases black, without distinct markings, covered with pale
-
dites paler than chelicerae and widened distally. Labium yellow to brown, the
antero-submarginal portions pale. Sternum shield-shaped, covered with thin
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Figure 3. Colaxes cibagou sp. nov., holotype (A, B) and male paratype (C, D) A palp, ventral B ditto, retrolateral C embolus,
anteroventral D ditto, retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
elongated, dorsum pale to dark brown, with narrow, longitudinal, anteromedian,
dark brown stripes followed by four chevron markings, covered with dense sil-
venter grey, with broad, green-brown, median longitudinal band.
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Palp-
at the anterior portion of bulb, coiled more than twice, with blunt tip.
Female-
Figure 4. Colaxes cibagou sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C holotype hab-
itus, dorsal D ditto, lateral E female paratype habitus, dorsal F holotype carapace, frontal G holotype chelicera, posterior
H leg I of holotype, prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, GC–F, H).
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PLE 0.13, AERW 0.96, PERW 1.06, EFL 0.60. Legs:
Habitus
except the less-developed legs I, the absence of abdomen dorsal scutum, and
two cheliceral promarginal teeth.
Epigyne and vulva
U-shaped anterior ridge, and separated by broad median septum, which forms
lowest portions of atrium, slit-shaped, separated from each other about 1.5
-
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China (Fig. 22B).
Comments. The unpublished molecular evidence has supported the pairing.
Genus Epeus Peckham & Peckham, 1886
Type species. Evenus tener
Comments. Epeus, one of the members of the subtribe Plexippina Simon,
1901 (Maddison 2015), contains 19 species distributed mainly in East, South,
closely related to Plexippoides -
sive comparison of those two genera was provided by Logunov (2021), who
summarized seven characters to distinguish Epeus and Plexippoides
the conclusion could not be perfect. Those two genera share similar palpal
structure, especially in having a cluster of setae antero-retrolateral to the bulb
Epeus
can be distinguished from Plexippoides by the following: 1) the slender body,
versus rather dumpy body, setose on carapace in Plexippoides (Logunov 2021:
from cymbial tip at least ca. one-third the cymbial length (for illustrations, see
-
al length in Plexippoides-
rotized copulatory ducts run posteriorly and form multi-loops (Patoleta et al.
2020), but sclerotized copulatory ducts do not form similar loops in Plexippoi-
des P. guangxi and P. dilucidus have slender
bodies, and their most anterior margin of bulb cavity is far away from cymbial
-
Epeus pengi sp. nov.
Figs 5, 6, 22B
Type material. Holotype ♂ (TRU-XZ-JS-0010),
30 Jun. 2023, C. Wang leg. Paratypes 1♀ (TRU-XZ-JS-0011), same data as for
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♀
Etymology. The species name is a patronym in honour of Prof. Xianjin Peng,
(name) in genitive case.
Diagnosis. The male of Epeus pengi sp. nov. closely resembles that of E.
dilucidus (Próchniewicz, 1990) comb. nov. in the general shape of palp, but it
can be distinguished as follows: 1) RTA crossed with RCA in ventral view (Fig.
5B), versus not crossed in E. dilucidus
E. di-
lucidus
that of E. guangxi (Peng & Li, 2002), comb. nov. in having a similar palp, but
can be easily distinguished by the lack of brushes on the femora and tibiae of
legs I (Fig. 6J), versus the presence of brushes formed by greyish-black long
bristles ventrally and dorsally on the tibiae and metataisi of legs I (see the de-
scription of Peng and Li 2002). The female is almost indistinguishable from E.
bicuspidatus
but can be distinguished by the thicker copulatory ducts, which do not extend
extending beyond the copulatory openings in E. bicuspidatus (Meng et al. 2015:
Figure 5. Male palp of Epeus pengi sp. nov., holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
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Figure 6. Epeus pengi sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A, C epigyne, ventral B, D vulva, dorsal E holotype hab-
itus, dorsal F ditto, ventral G female paratype habitus, dorsal H holotype carapace, frontal I holotype chelicera, posterior
J leg I of holotype, prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A–D, IE–H, J).
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Description. Male
Legs: I 7.90 (2.35,
to dark, with sub-square, elevated cephalon, and sloped thorax with half round
-
marginal teeth and one retromarginal tooth. Endites sub-square, with pale in-
ner portions. Labium near linguiform, with pale anterior portion. Sternum dark
brown, mingled with green, slightly longer than wide, legs pale to red-brown.
Palp-
rotized RTA widened at base, and with pointed tip directed towards about 1: 30
in ventral view, bearing cluster of dark setae retrolateral to the bulb on cavi-
-
laterally extending to the cymbial tip.
Female-
Legs:
-
domen with narrow, longitudinal stripe extending antero-medially to the terminus.
Epigyne and vulva
anterior portions of spermathecae, extending transversely.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Xizang, China (Fig. 22B).
Genus Evarcha Simon, 1902
Type species. Araneus falcatus Clerck, 1757.
Comments. Evarcha, one of the largest genera of the subtribe Plexippina Si-
mon, 1901 (Maddison 2015), contains 92 worldwide distributed species (WSC
from rounded to more complex shapes bearing outgrowths, insemination ducts
ranging from broad and membranous to thin and tube-shaped might indicate
not be proposed. We assigned the new species to the genus because it shares
copulatory organs similar to some known species, such as E. laetabunda (C. L.
E. michailovi Logunov, 1992.
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Evarcha zayu sp. nov.
Type material. Holotype ♂: Xizang: Zayu County, Zhu-
leg. Paratypes 3♀
Etymology. The species name is a noun derived from the type locality:
Diagnosis. Evarcha zayu sp. nov. closely resembles E. laetabunda (C. L. Koch,
-
lows: 1) RTA bifurcated with two rami in retrolateral view (Fig. 7C), versus not bifur-
cated in E. laetabunda
E. laetabunda
species also somewhat resembles E. michailovi Logunov, 1992 in the general
shape of copulatory organs, but it differs as follows: 1) RTA bifurcated with two
rami in retrolateral view (Fig. 7C), versus not bifurcated in E. michailovi (Logunov
than one-third the atrial length in E. michailovi
Description. Male
2.00 wide. Abdomen 2.62 long, 1.71 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME
Legs:
Figure 7. Male palp of Evarcha zayu sp. nov., holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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brown, each with two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal tooth, with small
dark tubercle bearing pale scale-like setae on base half of anterior surface. En-
Figure 8. Evarcha zayu sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C holotype habitus,
dorsal D ditto, ventral E female paratype habitus, dorsal F holotype carapace, frontal G holotype chelicera, posterior. Scale
bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, GC, D, FE).
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dites slightly longer than wide, and widened distally, with pale distal inner portions.
Labium almost linguiform. Sternum somewhat longer than wide, with straight an-
terior margin, covered with dense pale setae sub-marginally. Legs yellow to dark
brown, setose. Abdomen sub-oval, dorsum pale to brown, covered with sparse,
dark, long setae laterally, and broad, central, longitudinal, pale setal band about
Palp
straight, anteriorly extended RTA bifurcated distally into sclerotized ventral ra-
with notably pointed tip.
Female-
Legs:
Habitus
except darker in colour and without white setae on carapace.
Epigyne and vulva-
-
extending anterolaterally.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Xizang, China (Fig. 22A).
Genus Icius Simon, 1876
Type species. Icelus notabilis
Comments. Icius, belongs to the tribe Chrysillini Simon, 1901, and is repre-
Evarcha
unrelated species. We assigned the below new species to the genus because
it shares very similar habitus and relatively consistent copulatory organs with
the generotype, I. hamatus
species needs further attention. It is worth mentioning that the specimens de-
scribed as Icius hamatus and Phintella versicolor
Icius hamatus
they are most closely related to Icius zang sp. nov. morphologically.
Icius zang sp. nov.
Figs 9, 10, 22A
Type material. Holotype ♂ : Xizang: Lhasa City
Paratypes 3♂3♀
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Etymology.
Diagnosis. Icius zang sp. nov. resembles that of I. hamatus
in having similar habitus and the general shape of copulatory organs but can be
easily distinguished by the presence of only one tibial apophysis and the pair
of epigynal hoods (Figs 9B, C, 10A, B) versus two tibial apophyses and only one
epigynal hood in I. hamatus
Description. Male
Legs:
-
-
tudinal. Chelicerae red-brown, each with two promarginal teeth and one ret-
romarginal tooth. Endites longer than wide, widened distally. Labium almost
linguiform. Sternum ca 1.5 times longer than wide, covered with long pale thin
setae. Legs yellow to red-brown, setose. Abdomen oval, dorsum dark brown,
Palp -
and blunt apically, accompanied by half-round lamellar process near the base.
Figure 9. Male palp of Icius zang sp. nov., holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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Figure 10. Icius zang sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C holotype habitus,
dorsal D ditto, ventral E female paratype habitus, dorsal F holotype carapace, frontal G holotype chelicera, posterior. Scale
bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, GC–F).
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Female-
Legs:
Habitus (Fig. 10E) similar to that of male but
without dense setae, white scale-like setal marginal bands on carapace, and
pair of longitudinal, pale setal bands on abdomen.
Epigyne and vulva (Fig. 10A, B): wider than long, with pair of posterolateral
-
originating from the lateral-anterior portion of spermathecae.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Xizang, China (Fig. 22A).
Genus Pancorius Simon, 1902
Type species. Ergane dentichelis
Comments. Pancorius
-
lated genera Colopsus Simon, 1902, Evarcha, Hyllus-
dy brown habitus with pale white central and lateral carapace bands, serrated
longitudinal abdominal band, simple palp with rounded or oval bulb, short em-
bolus, single RTA with pointed tip, epigyne with sizeable central pocket, compa-
rably small membranous window and multi-chambered spermathecae (Kane-
sharatnam and Benjamin 2021). The below-described new species is placed in
portion at base that may indicate its generic position needs further attention.
Pancorius nyingchi sp. nov.
Figs 11, 12, 22A
Type material. Holotype ♂ (TRU-XZ-JS-0015), : Xizang: Zayu County,
2023, C. Wang leg. Paratypes♂10♀
♂3♀-
♂3♀
Yao leg.
Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition derived from Nyingchi
City. The type localities Zayu, Bowo, Medog belong to the municipal adminis-
tration of Nyingchi.
Diagnosis. Pancorius nyingchi sp. nov. resembles P. manipuriensis (Biswas
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P. manipuriensis
less than half the bulb length in P. manipuriensis-
gyne with a single hood (Fig. 12A), versus a pair of hoods in P. manipuriensis
Description. Male
long, 2.26 wide. Abdomen 3.30 long, 2.17 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances:
Legs: I 7.30
(2.05, 1.30, 1.90, 1.30, 0.75), II 5.70 (1.75, 1.15, 1.30, 0.90, 0.60), III 6.20 (2.00,
to dark brown, with two clusters of lateral, white setae, and big, red-brown area
-
marginal teeth and one retromarginal tooth. Endites dark brown, with pale in-
ner-distal portions. Labium coloured same as endites, with pale anterior margin
bearing several dark setae. Sternum dark brown, longer than wide, with straight
anterior margin. Legs yellow to dark brown, with three and two pairs of ven-
tral spines on tibiae and metatarsi I, respectively. Abdomen elongated, dorsum
dark brown, dotted, with pair of anterolateral pale stripes, two pairs of median
muscle depressions, and longitudinal, central pale band extending from middle
pairs of longitudinal, dotted lines.
Figure 11. Male palp of Pancorius nyingchi sp. nov., holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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Palp-
most equal in length with tibia, bifurcated with two small sub-triangular rami
Figure 12. Pancorius nyingchi sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C holotype
habitus, dorsal D ditto, ventral E female paratype habitus, dorsal F holotype carapace, frontal G holotype chelicera, pos-
terior. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, BGC–F).
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at base, curved around the prolateral margin of bulb into C-shape, with no-
ticeably pointed tip.
Female-
Legs: I 5.05 (1.50, 1.00, 1.20, 0.75,
IV 6.00 (1.90, 0.95, 1.30, 1.20, 0.65). Habitus (Fig. 12E) similar to that of male.
Epigyne and vulva (Fig. 12A, B): longer than wide, with downward opened, an-
-
lamellar, anterolaterally extending.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Xizang, China (Fig. 22A).
Genus Phintella Strand, 1906
Type species. Phintella typica Strand, 1906.
Comments. Phintella, one of the species-richest genera of the tribe Chrysilli-
ni Simon, 1901, contains 72 species mainly distributed in Asia and Africa (WSC
it should be split or at least should be further divided into groups. Phintella
longapophysis is a convincing sample. It is sexual dimorphism in habitus, with
hook-shaped distal apophysis on endites and distal-retrolateral tegular lobe
which without sexual dimorphism, lacks the hook-shaped distal apophysis on
endites, and with the lamellar process instead of distal-retrolateral tegular lobe
Moreover, Phintella suava-
cause it shares a similar epigyne and vulva with P. longapophysis Lei & Peng,
2013. In the following, we considered P. longapophysis Lei & Peng, 2013 as a
valid species rather than a synonym of the latter because the examined female
specimens consistently have spherical spermathecae, which is different from
P. suava-
-
Phintella longapophysis Lei & Peng, 2013
Phintella longapophysis
Material examined. 7♂9♀: Xizang: Zayu Coun-
♂2♀
30 Jun. 2023, C. Wang leg.
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Diagnosis. The male was thoroughly diagnosed by Lei and Peng (2013). The
female of this species closely resembles that of P. suava
comb. nov. in having very similar epigyne and vulva, but it can be distinguished
P. suava
Description. Male
Female-
Legs:
pale yellow, with two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal tooth smaller
than males in size. Legs pale, with three and two pairs of ventral spines on
tibiae and metatarsi I, respectively. Abdomen oval, dorsum pale to brown, with
Epigyne and vulva-
-
ulatory ducts almost straight, connected to the anterior margins of spherical
of spermathecae.
Distribution. China (Yunnan, Xizang) (Fig. 22A).
Figure 13. Male palp of Phintella longapophysis Lei & Peng, 2013 A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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Figure 14. Phintella longapophysis Lei & Peng, 2013 A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C male habitus, dorsal D ditto,
ventral E female habitus, dorsal F male carapace, frontal G male chelicera, posterior. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, G
0.5 mm (C–F).
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Genus Stertinius Simon, 1890
Type species. Stertinius dentichelis
Comments. Stertinius, is represented by 15 nominal species mainly distrib-
because the generotype lacks diagnostic drawings, and most of its species
were assigned because they present similar habitus and copulatory organs
on the above, we assigned the new species to the genus because it generally
harbors similar habitus and copulatory organs to S. ryukyuensis Suguro, 2020.
Stertinius liqingae sp. nov.
Figs 15, 16, 22B
Type material. Holotype ♂ (TRU-XZ-JS-0071), : Xizang: Zayu County,
2023, C. Wang leg. Paratypes 7♂♀
♂3♀-
C. Wang leg.
Etymology.
-
itive case.
Diagnosis. Stertinius liqingae sp. nov. resembles that of S. ryukyuensis Su-
guro, 2020 in having similar habitus, papal, and vulva structure, but can be dis-
tinguished by: 1) embolus about two times greater than the largest diameter of
sperm duct (Fig. 15B), versus more than three times greater than the largest
diameter of sperm duct in S. ryukyuensis
apically in retrolateral view (Fig. 15C), versus pointed in S. ryukyuensis (Suguro
in S. ryukyuensis
that of Simaetha pengi Wang & Li, 2020 in having similar palpal structure, but
is easily distinguished as follows: 1) embolus not curved distally (Fig. 15B),
versus curved towards prolaterally in S. pengi
RTA almost triangular in retrolateral view (Fig. 15C), versus almost bar-shaped
in S. pengi
Description. Male
long, 1.25 wide. Abdomen 1.51 long, 1.13 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances:
Legs: I 2.72
oval, jacinth to dark brown, setose, with big, irregular dark and brown patches
-
marginal teeth and one retromarginal pillar-shaped tooth. Endites longer than
wide, with straight distal margins. Labium coloured same as endites, bearing
several dark setae at anterior margin. Sternum slightly longer than wide. Legs
setose, pale to brown, legs I strongest, with enlarged femora, and two pairs
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of ventral spines on tibia and metatarsi, respectively. Abdomen oval, dorsum
brown to dark brown, with irregular pale and dark brown patches, and three
Palp -
Female
Abdomen 1.79 long, 1.27 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.27, ALE
Legs:
Habitus (Fig. 16F) similar to that of
male except the smaller retromarginal cheliceral tooth and without indistinct
pale and pale patches on dorsum of abdomen.
Epigyne and vulva
-
-
dian of the inner portion of posterior chambers, antero-transversely extending.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Xizang, China (Fig. 22B).
Figure 15. Male palp of Stertinius liqingae sp. nov., holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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Figure 16. Stertinius liqingae sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A, B epigyne, ventral C vulva, dorsal D holotype
habitus, dorsal E ditto, ventral F female paratype habitus, dorsal G holotype carapace, frontal H holotype chelicera, pos-
terior. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A–C, HD–G).
Genus Synagelides Strand, 1906
Type species. Synagelides agoriformis Strand, 1906.
Comments. Synagelides, contains 72 ant-like species distributed in East,
Pseudo-
synagelides-
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guished from it by the following: 1) the presence of triangular femoral apophysis
Pseudosynagelides
Pseu-
dosynagelides
Synagelides could be much more diverse than its currently known (Wang et
al. 2023), and the genus still needs much taxonomic attention, especially the
organs that made it very hard to identify.
Synagelides medog sp. nov.
Figs 17, 22A
Type material. Holotype ♀ (TRU-XZ-JS-0095), : Xizang: Medog County,
Paratypes 2♀
for holotype.
Etymology. The species name is a noun derived from the type locality: Me-
dog County.
Diagnosis. Synagelides medog sp. nov. resembles that of S. furcatoides Li,
Cheng, Wang, Yang & Peng, 2023 and S. montiformis Li, Cheng, Wang, Yang &
Peng, 2023 in having similar epigyne and vulva, but can be easily distinguished by
versus the presence of epigynal hood, and with the posteriorly located atrial ridge
in S. furcatoides and S. montiformis
Description. Female
Legs:
-
-
romarginal tooth. Endites almost square, with pale inner portions bearing dense
brown setae. Labium coloured same as endites. Sternum almost shield-shaped,
longer than wide. Legs yellow to brown, with two pairs of ventral spines on tibiae
and metatarsi I, respectively. Abdomen elongated, dorsum dark, without indis-
Epigyne and vulva
posterolaterally located on atrium, separated from each other by more than
and then posterior extending to connect with the postero-lateral portions of
oval spermathecae, with short accessory glands located at the anterior por-
portion of spermathecae, antero-transversely extending.
Male. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Xizang, China (Fig. 22B).
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Figure 17. Synagelides medog sp. nov., holotype A, B epigyne, ventral C, D vulva dorsal E habitus dorsal F ditto, ventral
G ditto, lateral H chelicera, posterior I leg I, prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A–D, HE–G, I).
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Synagelides tianquan sp. nov.
Type material. Holotype ♂ : Sichuan: Tianquan
Paratype 1♀
Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition derived from the
Diagnosis. Synagelides tianquan sp. nov. resembles that of S. emangou Liu,
2022 and S. zhaoi Peng, Li & Chen, 2003 in the general shape of copulatory
organs, especially the inverted cup-shaped epigynal hood, but can be readily
-
S. emangou and S. zhaoi (Liu et
anterior side bilaterally (Fig. 19B), versus not curved in S. emangou and S. zhaoi
curved anteromedially (Fig. 19B), versus almost straight in S. emangou and S.
zhaoi
Description. Male
-
Legs: I
square, red-brown to dark brown, with elevated cephalon and sloped thorax,
two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal tooth. Endites almost square,
bearing dense pale setae at distal-inner portions. Labium coloured same as
endites. Sternum almost shield-shaped, less than 1.5 times longer than wide.
Legs yellow to red-yellow, with four and two pairs of ventral spines on tibiae and
metatarsi I, respectively. Abdomen elongate-oval, dorsum brown, with two pairs
-
tral area.
Palp
base-medially, followed by the acutely narrowed, strongly sclerotized remain-
than wide, with irregular dorsal apophysis and strongly sclerotized prolateral
Female
Abdomen 1.96 long, 1.27 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.35, ALE
Legs:
Habitus (Fig. 19E) similar to that of
male except paler in color and without setal stripes and scutum on the dorsum
of abdomen.
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Figure 18. Male palp of Synagelides tianquan sp. nov., holotype A prolateral B retrolateral C ventral D dorsal. Scale bars:
0.1 mm.
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Figure 19. Synagelides tianquan sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C holotype
habitus, dorsal D ditto, ventral E female paratype habitus, dorsal F holotype carapace, frontal G leg I of holotype, prolater-
al. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, BC–G).
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Epigyne and vulva
with pair of lateral ridges, and separated by the big, irregular median septum
-
-
gins of spermathecae, extending transversely.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sichuan, China (Fig. 22B).
Genus Yaginumaella Prószyński, 1979
Type species. Pellenes ususudi Yaginuma, 1972.
Comments. Yaginumaella, one of the members of the subtribe Plexippina
to Ptocasius
-
ferred 37 species of Yaginumaella into Ptocasius based on the similarities in
-
Yaginumaella.
Yaginumaella armata
it shares a similar habitus and palpal structure to Yaginumaella rather than Pan-
corius
in Pancorius. Moreover, the described female of Y. armata (new materials col-
lected from Gyirong County, Xizang, were examined by us) is likely mismatched
and may belong to a member of the tribe Chrysillini.
Yaginumaella erlang sp. nov.
Figs 20, 21, 22B
Type material. Holotype ♂: Sichuan: Tianquan County,
Paratypes 2♂2♀
as for holotype.
Etymology. The species name is a noun derived from the type locality: Erlang
Mountain National Nature Reserve.
Diagnosis. Yaginumaella erlang sp. nov. resembles that of Ptocasius pseudo-
exus (Liu, Yang & Peng, 2016) in general shape of palp, but can be distin-
guished as follows: 1) RTA curved medially, and with a pointed tip in retrolateral
view (Fig. 20C), versus curved distally, and with a rather blunt tip in P. pseudo-
exus
base in dorsal view (Fig. 21B), versus curved in P. pseudoexus (Liu et al. 2016:
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Description. Male
1.60 wide. Abdomen 2.22 long, 1.36 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME
Legs:
longitudinal. Chelicerae yellow to brown, each with two promarginal teeth and
one retromarginal tooth. Endites paler than chelicerae, slightly widened distally.
Labium linguiform, with paler anterior portion. Sternum about 1.5 times longer
than wide, tapered at posterior half. Legs pale to dark yellow, with dark stripes
prolaterally on femora I, and three and two pairs of ventral spines on tibia and
metatarsi I, respectively. Abdomen elongate-oval, dorsum yellow to dark brown,
dotted bilaterally, with longitudinal yellow band about one-third the abdominal
Palp-
bulb swollen medio-posteriorly, with small posterior lobe extending poste-
Female-
Legs:
Habitus (Fig. 21E) similar to that of male
except slightly darker in color.
Figure 20. Male palp of Yaginumaella erlang sp. nov., holotype A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
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Figure 21. Yaginumaella erlang sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal C holotype
habitus, dorsal D ditto, ventral E female paratype habitus, dorsal F holotype carapace, frontal G holotype chelicera, pos-
terior. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, GC–F).
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Figure 22. Distributional records of the described species.
Epigyne and vulva (Fig. 21A, B): slightly wider than long, with pair of anteri-
or sub-triangular hoods open postero-laterally, and anterolateral to copulatory
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Sichuan, China (Fig. 22A).
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Acknowledgments
Benjamin, and one anonymous reviewer. The English was checked by Dan-
Additional information
Conict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Ethical statement
No ethical statement was reported.
Funding
-
al Nature Reserve Project, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-
32200369), the Science and Technology Project Foundation of Guizhou Province
Author contributions
Author ORCIDs
Cheng Wang
Xiaoqi Mi
Shuqiang Li
Data availability
References
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