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Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Plant Seeds: Health Benefits, Bioactive Compounds, Applications for Specific Medical Conditions, and Regulatory Challenges

Authors:
  • PBJ Medical Associates

Abstract

Plant seeds have been used for thousands of years for their nutritional, medicinal, and culinary benefits. Contemporary medical research is investigating plant seeds' therapeutic potential for improving and treating human diseases. Plant seeds contain bioactive components such as phytochemicals, polyphenols, and lignans, which express antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antibacterial effects. They are being studied for their potential to treat various medical afflictions, including hyperglycemia and diabetes, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, and eye and skin disorders. Clinical trials are investigating the therapeutic value of various plant seeds-based drugs to act on inflammation, cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Plant seed extracts have also been found to exhibit antitumor effects. However, limitations and challenges exist for using plant seeds in medical care. Standardization in seed preparation is crucial to ensure safety and efficacy. The lack of awareness of appropriate dosages for treatment and lack of quality control in production raise concerns about adverse health outcomes with their use. Regulatory challenges remain to incorporate plant seeds-based treatments in medical care and develop practical and comprehensive guidelines for their use. Clinical studies remain limited regarding the therapeutic potential of plant seeds. Also noted in this paper is plant seeds' potential as an alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals. Their natural availability makes them a promising source for developing low-cost treatment options and improving quality of life (QoL).
Cronicon
OPEN ACCESS EC NUTRITIONEC NUTRITION
Review Article
DOI: 10.31080/ECNU.2024.19.01150



and Regulatory Challenges
John V Flores1 617
101112
1Orange Partners Surgicenter, USA
2Independent Global Medical Researchers Consortium
3First InterHealth Group, Thailand
4Kemet Medical Consultants, USA
5PBJ Medical Associates, LLC, USA
6Lakeline Wellness Center, USA
7Chawla Health and Research, USA
8FMC Umuahia with King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
9Earthwide Surgical Missions, Nigeria
10School of Medicine, Al Fashir University, Sudan
11International Institute of Original Medicine, USA
12Triboro Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation, USA
13Simplex Care Inc., USA
Citation:   

EC Nutrition 
*Corresponding Author 

Received: Published:
Abstract


        

               
                




               



Keywords: Antioxidant; Bioactive Compounds; Healing; Hyperlipidemia; Micronutrients; Plant-Based Treatments
Citation:  

EC Nutrition 
Abbreviations

Introduction
              
      
       





                 




                

       


 

Discussion

       
 

 






             

02
Citation:  

EC Nutrition 





(Azadirachta indica)
              
      

 (Moringa oleifera)

     
         

(Nigella sativa)

        

       

4. Chinaberry (Melia azedarach)
                 
    
   
     

(Buchholzia coriacea)


     

6. Rosary pea (Abrus precatorius)
                   
       


             

03
Citation:  

EC Nutrition 
7. Balsam apple (Momordica balsamina)

            
                
 

(Carthamus tinctorius)
       


(Coriandrum sativum)
       

    Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 

10. Papaya (Carica papaya)

      


11. Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi)
                  


12. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)


 (Areca catechu)
                



14. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)



             

04
Citation:  

EC Nutrition 
 Bitter apricot (Prunus armeniaca)




16. Prune (Prunus domestica)
    
   
    

In vitro
17. Chinese red date (Ziziphus jujuba)

Ziziphus jujuba          


18. Cassia (Cassia obtusifolia)
               

    


(Prunus persica)

        


20. Hemp (Cannabis sativa)

      

                

21. Croton (Codiaeum variegatum)
                 
 

             

05
Citation:  

EC Nutrition 
         in vitro     
       

22. Lychee (Litchi chinensis)

    

(Plantago major)
    
               

24. Cowherb (Vaccaria hispanica)
               
            
 

 (Zanthoxylum rhetsa)
     
 




Plant Seeds Properties/Effects Conditions Treated Precautions
Azadirach-
ta indica)


-


Moringa
oleifera)


-


Nigella
sativa)

-



Melia
azedarach)

insecticidal

diseases


             


Citation:  

EC Nutrition 

(Buchholzia coriacea)


-
tions


Abrus
precatorius)






(Momordica balsamina)


 


(Carthamus tinctorius)
-



(Coriandrum sativum)





Carica
papaya)
-

-



Coix
lacryma-jobi)


potential

Tama-
rindus indica)
 -




Areca
catechu)
 -




Nelumbo
nucifera)


-
nia

(Prunus armeniaca)
-

-

-


Prunus
domestica)
 

(Ziziphus jujuba)






Cassia seeds (Cassia
obtusifolia)




-

Prunus
persica)

-


 

(Cannabis sativa)


 


             


Citation:  

EC Nutrition 

(Codiaeum variegatum)
 

Litchi
chinensis)




Plan-
tago major)



-

conditions
Vac-
caria hispanica)






-


(Zanthoxylum
rhetsa)
-

-



Table 1: Plant seeds, properties, effects, conditions treated, and precautions
Applications of plant seeds in medical care



                



       



      



Adverse effects and caution in usage



             

08
Citation:  

EC Nutrition 
        




                  
 

Clinical studies on plant seeds




 

     



 
   

            


 

  


                 
  

             

09
Citation:  

EC Nutrition 
Limitations and challenges in using plant seeds in medical care
Lack of standardization in seed preparation and dosage
          
  
       
   

     
      
               


Limited clinical studies on some plant seeds





   



Regulatory challenges in introducing plant-based treatments to medical care
             
 
  


             


Conclusion



   
             

10
Citation:  

EC Nutrition 


     


       





et al.
References
1. Quaternary Science Reviews 
393-405.
2. Circulation

3.   et al      Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology   

4.   et al         Trends in Biotechnology   

5.      

  et al    Oxidative Medicine and
Cellular Longevity 
 
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 
8. 
Nutrition Journal 
9.       
Food Chemistry
10. et alJournal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 
125-142.
             

11
Citation:  

EC Nutrition 
11. Trends in Plant Science

12. et alAquaculture Research 

13.        Azadirachta indica        
  Matrix Science Medica    

14. Azadirachta indica
Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 
15.   et al     Azadirachta indica      
 Journal of Medicinal Plants Research  


 et alMoringa oleifera International Journal of Phytomedicine
   

 et al. “Moringa oleiferaInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences

18. et al. “Moringa oleifera      Phytotherapy Research   

19. et al. “Moringa oleiferaFood Science and Human
Wellness
20. et al  Moringa oleifera   
Journal of Food and Nutrition Research

21. et alMoringa oleiferaInternational Journal of Education and Science Research Review
   

22. et alNigella sativa3.5

23.   et al    Nigella sativa        
Medical Archives 
24. Nigella sativaSaudi Journal of Gastroenterology 

25. et alNigella sativaJournal of Pharmacy and Bioallied
Sciences 
             

12
Citation:       

EC Nutrition 
   et al. “Nigella sativa             Evidence-based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    et al         Nigella sativa      
 Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology  

28.   et al       Nigella sativa      Journal of
Pharmacopuncture 
29.   et al      Melia azedarach    
 International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production    

30. et al Azadirachta indica Melia azedarach 
Phlebotomus orientalis and P. bergerotiActa Tropica 

31. et alMelia azedarachTriatoma
infestansFrontiers in Veterinary Science 
32. et alAzadirachta indicaMelia azedarachAnopheles
arabiensisMalaria Journal 
33. et al  Melia azedarach   Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 25.1

34.   et al        Buchholzia coriacea      Journal of
Developmental Biology and Tissue Engineering 

35. et alBacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
Anopheles stephensiMalaria Journal 

 et alAbrus precatorius
and Caesalpinia crista Natural Product Research 
 Toxicological Survey of
African Medicinal Plants
38. et alMomordica balsamina Amino Acids

39.                Momordica
balsaminaJournal of Taibah University for Science

40.                
Momordica balsamina       
NeuroQuantology     

             

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Citation:       

EC Nutrition 
41. Economic Botany 

42. et alCarthamus tinctorius
Electron Physician
43. et alCarthamus tinctorius

44.   et al. “Coriandrum sativum        
Molecules
45.                  
 Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties  

    et al         Journal of Pharmacognosy and
Phytochemistry 
  et al  Carica papayaJournal of King Saud
University - Science 
48.        Carica papaya       

49. et alCoix lacryma-jobiFood Bioscience

50. et alin vitroCoix lacryma-
jobi   Journal of Ethnopharmacology  
281-292.
51. Coix lacryma-Jobi
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

52.   et al            
3 Biotech
53. et alPiper betle
 Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine  

54. et al Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology

55.           Nelumbo nucifera Evidence-Based Complementary and
Alternative Medicine 
   et al         Foods   

             

14
Citation:       

EC Nutrition 
  et al             
Molecules
58. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
1508-1511.
59. et alZiziphus jujubaEvidence-
Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 
 et alCassia obtusifolia
Molecules
 et alCassia obtusifoliaFood and Chemical
Toxicology
 et alPrunus persica
      Food Bioscience    

  et alPrunus persica    Food Reviews International 

  et al   Cannabis sativa   Nuts and Seeds in Health and
Disease Prevention 
 et al Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa   
Molecules
            Codiaeum variegatum   
Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine
 et al. “In vitro
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 
 Litchi chinensisJournal of Ethnopharmacology

 et alLitchi chinensis
Food Biotechnology
 et alElectron Physician

 et al   Plantago major  Journal
 3.9 (2013).

 et al  Journal of Visualized Experiments 198

  et al   Vaccaria hispanica Phytochemistry
Reviews
             

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Citation:       

EC Nutrition 
 et alVaccaria hispanicaPhytochemistry Letters 19

   et al                  
Colloid and Interface Science Communications 

   et al   in-vitro        Zanthoxylum rhetsa  
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 

 et alZanthoxylum rhetsa
Molecules
   et al      Zanthoxylum rhetsa     The
Pharma Innovation Journal    

 et alAfrican Journal of
Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines
80. et al
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research  

81. et al
(2018).
82.   et al            
 Food Reviews International  

83.   et al            Nutrients 15.13

84. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
   

85.   et al                
       Phytomedicine Plus    

 et al Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 

 American Journal of Ophthalmology 138.4

88.  et al      Nutrition Bulletin    

             

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Citation:       

EC Nutrition 
89. Circulation

90. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
413-422.
91. et alNigella sativa
 Journal of Medicinal Plants 

92. et al
  Advances in Nutrition  

93.                
Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology    

94. et al International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 
101-112.
95.       
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
 et al Nature Biotechnology

   et al               
Plant Biotechnology Journal 
98.   Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 

99. et al
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 

100. 

101.            
    

102.                Boletín
Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 


et al.
             

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The human skin is a crucial organ that protects the organism from the outer environment. Skin integrity and health depend on both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors such as aging and genetic background contribute to weakened skin and disease susceptibility. Meanwhile, extrinsic factors including UV radiation, pollution, smoking, humidity, and poor diet also affect skin health and disease. On the other hand, healthy dietary patterns such as plant-based diets have gained popularity as a complementary therapy for skin health. A plant-based diet is defined as all diets based on plant foods, including an abundance of vegetables, fruits, beans, lentils, legumes, nuts, seeds, fungi, and whole grains, with limited or no animal products or processed foods. However, some authors also exclude or limit processed foods in the definition. Recent research has shown that these diets have beneficial effects on inflammatory skin diseases. This review explored the beneficial effects of plant-based diets on inflammatory skin diseases and plant-based functional foods on healthy skin. In conclusion, plant-based diets and plant-based functional foods may have beneficial effects on skin health through the gut microbiome.
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