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*Corresponding author: Ignatius Nnaemeka Onwuatuegwu PhD
ISRG Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS)
ISRG PUBLISHERS
Abbreviated Key Title: ISRG J Arts Humanit Soc Sci
ISSN 2583-7672 (Online)
Journal homepage: https://isrgpublishers.com/isrgjahss
Volume -1 Issue-1V (July-August) 2023
Frequency: Bimonthly
The Duality of Perfection: Exploring the Symbolic Significance of 3 and 7 in Human
Experience
Ignatius Nnaemeka Onwuatuegwu PhD
Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
| Received: 25.06.2023 | Accepted: 01.07.2023 | Published: 12.07.2023
*Corresponding author: Ignatius Nnaemeka Onwuatuegwu PhD
Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
1. Introduction
Numbers play a fundamental role in human experience and have
been a crucial aspect of human civilization for thousands of years.
From counting and measuring to understanding patterns and
making predictions, numbers provide us with a powerful language
to comprehend and navigate the world around us.
The use of numbers can be traced back to ancient civilizations,
such as the Egyptians and Mesopotamians, who developed
sophisticated numerical systems to track time, record transactions,
and calculate quantities. As societies progressed, numbers became
integral to various fields, including mathematics, science,
economics, and even philosophy.
Numbers provide a universal framework for communication and
allow us to quantify, compare, and analyze different phenomena.
They enable precise measurements, accurate calculations, and the
formulation of scientific laws and theories. In fields like physics
and engineering, numbers serve as the foundation for
understanding the fundamental principles governing the natural
world.
Moreover, numbers have a profound influence on our daily lives
beyond scientific and mathematical domains. We assign numerical
values to aspects of our existence, such as age, weight, time, and
money. Numbers are used in various contexts, including financial
planning, sports statistics, data analysis, and even social media
metrics. They help us make decisions, evaluate progress, and
communicate information effectively.
The purpose of this study is to explore the multifaceted role of
numbers in the human experience. It aims to delve into the
Abstract
Numbers play a significant role in human experience, carrying symbolic meanings that shape various aspects of our lives. This
article investigates the symbolic significance of the numbers 3 and 7, delving into their historical, cultural, and religious
perspectives. The study explores the symbolic representations of these numbers and their association with concepts such as
completeness, perfection, harmony, balance, and the interconnectedness of human existence. The first section focuses on the
number 3, examining its significance in historical and cultural contexts. The triad of past, present, and future, as well as the three
aspects of humanity—mind, body, and spirit—are explored to illustrate the symbolic power of the number 3 in understanding
human experience and relationships. The second section explores the number 7 and its historical, cultural, and religious
significance. As the perfect number, 7 symbolizes completeness and perfection. The article investigates how various religious
traditions attribute special significance to the number 7, and it analyzes the symbolism and representations associated with this
number. A comparative analysis in the fourth section investigates the duality of perfection by comparing the symbolic significance
of 3 and 7. The article explores how different cultural and religious traditions interpret and associate perfection with these
numbers. Similarities and differences between the symbolism of 3 and 7 are examined to understand their interplay in human
experience. The conclusion summarizes the findings of the study, highlighting the symbolic significance of 3 and 7 in human
experience. It underscores the implications of these findings and suggests avenues for further research to deepen our
understanding of the interplay of numbers and their impact on various aspects of human life.
Keywords:
Numbers, Symbolism, Human experience, Cultural perspectives, Religious traditions, Perfection, Completeness,
Harmony, Balance, Interplay.
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*Corresponding author: Ignatius Nnaemeka Onwuatuegwu PhD
significance of numbers in different aspects of life, ranging from
mathematics and science to culture, psychology, and spirituality.
The study will examine how numbers are used as tools for
measurement, quantification, and analysis. It will explore their
application in scientific research, technological advancements, and
various professional fields. Furthermore, the study will investigate
the psychological and cognitive aspects of numbers, such as
numerical cognition, mathematical abilities, and the impact of
numbers on decision-making and problem-solving.
Additionally, the study will consider the cultural and historical
perspectives on numbers. It will explore the symbolic and
ritualistic uses of numbers in different cultures, the development of
numerical systems throughout history, and the role of numbers in
art, literature, and architecture.
The scope of the study will be comprehensive, encompassing both
quantitative and qualitative aspects of numbers in human
experience. It will draw upon interdisciplinary research,
incorporating insights from mathematics, psychology, sociology,
anthropology, history, and other relevant fields.
By examining the background, significance, and various
dimensions of numbers in human experience, this study aims to
deepen our understanding of the role numbers play in shaping our
world and our perception of it.
2.1 Historical and Cultural Perspectives on the Number 3:
The number 3 holds significant symbolic meaning in various
historical and cultural contexts. Here are a few examples:
Religious Significance: In Christianity, the concept of the Holy
Trinity represents God as three distinct persons in one divine
essence—the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.¹ Similarly, in Hinduism,
the Trimurti consists of Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the
preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer). In both cases, the number 3
represents a fundamental aspect of the divine.
Numerology: Numerology, the study of numbers and their
symbolic meanings, assigns unique qualities to each number. In
numerology, 3 is often associated with creativity, self-expression,
communication, and enthusiasm. It is seen as a number of dynamic
energy and growth.²
Mythology: Various mythologies feature triads or groups of three
deities or beings. For example, in Greek mythology, there were the
three Fates (Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos) who controlled the
thread of life.³ In Norse mythology, there were the three Norns
(Urðr, Verðandi, and Skuld) who determined the destiny of
individuals. These triads reflect the importance of the number 3 in
shaping the course of events.
2.2 The Triad of Past, Present, and Future:
The triad of past, present, and future is a fundamental concept tied
to the number 3. It represents the flow of time and the
interconnectedness of temporal states. The past signifies events and
experiences that have already occurred and have shaped who we
are. The present represents the immediate moment, the here and
now. The future symbolizes the realm of possibilities and potential
outcomes.
This triad is often used to emphasize the significance of living in
the present while acknowledging the influence of the past and the
potential of the future. It highlights the idea that our actions in the
present can shape our future, while being mindful of the lessons
and experiences gained from the past.
2.3 Mind, Body, and Spirit: The Three Aspects of
Humanity:
The number 3 also finds symbolism in the triad of mind, body, and
spirit, representing the three essential aspects of humanity.
2.3.1 Mind: The mind symbolizes the intellectual and cognitive
capacities of human beings. It encompasses our thoughts,
reasoning, perception, and consciousness. It represents our ability
to analyze, learn, and make decisions.⁴
2.3.2 Body: The body represents the physical aspect of human
existence. It includes our physical form, senses, and abilities. The
body enables us to interact with the world, experience sensations,
and carry out physical actions.⁵
2.3.3 Spirit: The spirit signifies the non-physical and transcendent
aspect of humanity. It encompasses our emotions, intuition, and
deeper sense of self. The spirit represents our connection to
something greater than ourselves, whether it be a higher power,
universal consciousness, or the collective human experience.⁶
The triad of mind, body, and spirit suggests that a balanced and
harmonious integration of these three aspects is essential for
overall well-being and personal growth.
2.4 Harmony and Balance in Human Relationships:
The number 3 is often associated with harmony and balance in
human relationships. This can be seen in various contexts:
2.4.1 Family: The concept of a nuclear family often consists of a
father, mother, and child, representing a balanced triad. Each
member brings their unique qualities and roles, contributing to the
overall harmony of the family unit.⁷
2.4.2 Friendship: The concept of the "three musketeers" or a "trio"
suggests a dynamic where three individuals support and
complement each other. They form a cohesive unit that thrives on
the strength and synergy of their shared connection.⁸
In addition to the family and friendship dynamics, the number 3
also plays a role in romantic relationships. It is often said that a
healthy romantic relationship consists of two individuals coming
together as a couple, while still maintaining their individuality. The
third element in this equation is the relationship itself. It represents
the unique bond and connection that is formed between the two
individuals, which is greater than the sum of its parts. This triadic
dynamic contributes to the harmony and balance within the
relationship.
Furthermore, the number 3 can be associated with the concept of
teamwork and collaboration. In many areas of life, whether it be in
sports, business, or creative endeavours, successful teamwork often
relies on the effective coordination and synergy between three or
more individuals.⁹ Each person brings their unique strengths and
perspectives, and when combined, they form a powerful and
cohesive unit that can achieve remarkable results.
The symbolic significance of the number 3 in the context of
harmony and balance in human relationships highlights the notion
that a balanced triad can create a sense of completeness and
wholeness. Each element contributes to the overall harmony, and
the absence or disruption of one element can lead to imbalance and
disharmony.
Obviously, the number 3 holds symbolic significance in various
aspects of human existence. It represents the triadic nature of time,
the three essential aspects of humanity (mind, body, and spirit),
and the importance of harmony and balance in human
relationships. Whether in religious, mythological, or cultural
contexts, the number 3 continues to be a potent symbol that reflects
the interplay and interconnectedness of various elements in our
lives.
3 The Symbolic Significance of the
Number 7
3.1 Historical and Cultural Perspectives on the Number
7:
The number 7 holds significant symbolic value in various historical
and cultural contexts. It has been regarded as a sacred or special
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*Corresponding author: Ignatius Nnaemeka Onwuatuegwu PhD
number in many civilizations throughout history. The fascination
with this number can be traced back to ancient times.
In Mesopotamia, the Sumerians considered 7 to be a mystical
number associated with divine powers. They believed that there
were seven celestial bodies visible to the naked eye: the Sun,
Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn.¹⁰ This
association with celestial bodies further enhanced the symbolic
significance of 7.
Similarly, in ancient Egypt, the number 7 held immense
importance. The Egyptians believed in seven deities known as the
"Seven Hathors," who played a role in predicting a person's fate at
birth. Additionally, they believed that the soul had to pass through
seven gates on its journey to the afterlife.¹¹
3.2 The Perfect Number: Completeness and Perfection:
The number 7 has often been associated with completeness and
perfection. This concept can be seen in various aspects of human
life and the natural world.
For instance, there are seven days in a week, which is a
fundamental organizational structure of time in many cultures. This
division of time into seven days represents the completion of a
cycle and provides a sense of order and rhythm.
Furthermore, in ancient Greek philosophy, the number 7 was
considered a "perfect number." Perfect numbers are those that are
equal to the sum of their proper divisors (factors excluding the
number itself). For example, 6 is a perfect number since its proper
divisors (1, 2, and 3) add up to 6. The number 7 is unique because
it does not fit this pattern, but it was still considered perfect due to
its mystical associations.¹²
3.3 Religious Traditions and the Number 7:
Religious traditions across the world also attribute great
significance to the number 7.
In Christianity, the number 7 appears frequently, representing
various aspects of divine order and completion. For example, there
are seven sacraments, seven virtues, and seven deadly sins.
Additionally, the Book of Revelation in the Bible mentions seven
churches, seven seals, seven trumpets, and seven bowls, all
symbolizing different elements of the end times and divine
judgment.¹³
In Judaism, the number 7 is associated with the creation of the
world. According to the book of Genesis, God created the universe
in six days and rested on the seventh day, establishing the concept
of the Sabbath. The number 7 is deeply ingrained in Jewish
traditions and rituals, such as the seven days of mourning and the
seven blessings recited at weddings.¹⁴
3.4 Symbolism and Representations of the Number 7:
The symbolic representations of the number 7 can be found in
various areas of human culture and knowledge.
In numerology, the number 7 is associated with introspection,
wisdom, and spiritual growth. It is believed to possess a mystical
energy and is often seen as a number of higher consciousness and
spiritual awakening.¹⁵
In literature and storytelling, the number 7 often appears in fairy
tales and myths. Seven dwarfs in Snow White, seven deadly sins,
seven wonders of the world, and seven virtues are just a few
examples. This usage highlights the number's ability to represent a
sense of completion and balance within a narrative structure.
The number 7 has a rich symbolic significance that spans across
history, culture, religion, and various other domains. Its association
with completeness, perfection, and divine order has fascinated and
influenced human thinking for millennia.¹⁶ Whether in religious
contexts, philosophical concepts, or cultural representations, the
number 7 continues to hold a special place in our collective
consciousness, reminding us of the interconnectedness between the
spiritual, natural, and human realms.
Moreover, the symbolism of the number 7 extends beyond
religious and cultural boundaries. It can be seen in scientific
disciplines as well. For instance, in the field of music, there are
seven basic notes in the diatonic scale (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti).
This musical scale provides a harmonious structure and is widely
used in composing melodies and harmonies.¹⁷
In astronomy, the Pleiades, also known as the Seven Sisters, is a
famous star cluster visible in the night sky. Its name derives from
Greek mythology, where the Pleiades were seven sisters who were
transformed into stars. This celestial grouping has fascinated
astronomers and has cultural significance in various civilizations,
including ancient Greece, Japan, and indigenous cultures.¹⁸
The number 7 is also associated with luck and fortune in many
societies. In some cultures, the seventh year of marriage is
considered a milestone, symbolizing stability and growth within
the relationship. Lucky number 7 is often seen in games of chance,
such as dice, slot machines, or card games, where the appearance
of the number can signify a favourable outcome.¹⁹
Definitely, the symbolic significance of the number 7 is deeply
rooted in human history, culture, and spirituality. Its associations
with completeness, perfection, divine order, and harmony have
made it a powerful and enduring symbol.²⁰ Whether expressed
through religious traditions, philosophical concepts, artistic
representations, or everyday beliefs, the number 7 continues to
captivate our imagination and hold a special place in our symbolic
landscape.
4 The Duality of Perfection: Comparing
the Symbolic Significance of 3 and 7
4.1 The Context of Perfection in Different Cultural and
Religious Traditions
The concept of perfection holds significant symbolic meaning in
various cultural and religious traditions around the world. Different
cultures and belief systems have assigned symbolic value to
specific numbers, including 3 and 7, to represent the idea of
perfection.
In Christianity, the number 3 is often associated with the Holy
Trinity—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This triune nature represents
the perfection of God and the divine unity. Additionally, the
resurrection of Jesus Christ on the third day after his crucifixion is
a crucial aspect of Christian theology, further reinforcing the
symbolic significance of the number 3.²¹
In Hinduism, the Trimurti consists of three major deities: Brahma
the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer. These
three aspects represent the cyclical nature of creation, preservation,
and destruction, symbolizing the perfect harmony and balance
within the universe.²²
In many ancient cultures, the number 7 holds great importance as a
symbol of perfection and completeness. In Judaism, the world was
created in six days, and the seventh day, the Sabbath, is a day of
rest and completion. The seven days of the week also align with
the celestial bodies known to ancient astronomers—Sun, Moon,
Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn—further reinforcing the
association of 7 with perfection.²³
4.2 Perfection and its Associations with Numbers
Perfection, as a concept, is often associated with specific numbers
due to their inherent qualities or cultural interpretations. Numbers
can represent order, balance, harmony, and completeness, all of
which are elements of perfection.
The number 3 represents balance and unity due to its triadic nature.
It signifies a beginning, middle, and end or a thesis, antithesis, and
synthesis. This structure creates a sense of completion and
perfection. Additionally, 3 is often associated with symmetry,
stability, and harmony.²⁴
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*Corresponding author: Ignatius Nnaemeka Onwuatuegwu PhD
The number 7 is often associated with perfection because of its
recurring presence in various natural and cultural phenomena. It is
connected to the seven colors of the rainbow, the seven musical
notes, and the seven known planets in ancient astronomy. The
repetition of the number 7 in different domains reinforces its
symbolic value as a representation of completeness and
perfection.²⁵
4.3 Similarities and Differences between the Symbolism
of 3 and 7
Both the numbers 3 and 7 share symbolic associations with
perfection, but they differ in their interpretations and cultural
contexts.
4.3.1 Similarities:
Both numbers are connected to the idea of completeness and
harmony.
They are often associated with divine aspects or cosmic order.
Both 3 and 7 have been considered sacred and significant in
various religious and mystical traditions.
4.3.2 Differences:
The number 3 often represents a triadic structure and unity, while 7
is associated with broader completeness and cosmic order.
3 is more commonly associated with Christian symbolism,
specifically the Holy Trinity, whereas 7 has broader cross-cultural
significance.
The number 3 is often associated with creation and new
beginnings, while 7 has connections to cycles, time, and the natural
world.
4.4 Exploring the Interplay of 3 and 7 in Human
Experience
The interplay between the numbers 3 and 7 in human experience
can be seen in various aspects of life, art, and culture.
In storytelling, the three-act structure is a common narrative
framework, with a beginning, middle, and end. This structure
provides a sense of completeness and resolution.²⁶ Additionally,
many traditional tales involve a hero's journey that consists of three
stages: departure, initiation, and return.²⁷
On the other hand, the number 7 is often found in cultural and
religious rituals. For example, in some cultures, a wedding
ceremony may involve seven vows or seven rounds around a
sacred fire.²⁸ In Christian tradition, there are seven sacraments,
which are essential rituals that mark significant stages of spiritual
life.²⁹
In the realm of human psychology, the interplay of 3 and 7 can also
be observed. The concept of the mind, body, and spirit represents a
triadic understanding of human existence, emphasizing the
interconnectedness of these three aspects.³⁰ At the same time, there
are seven commonly recognized chakras in many spiritual
traditions, which are believed to be centers of energy within the
body, contributing to holistic well-being and balance.³¹
Furthermore, the interplay of 3 and 7 can be seen in various artistic
expressions. In music, the diatonic scale consists of seven notes,
and the concept of the major and minor triads, based on the
intervals of a third, forms the foundation of Western harmony.³²
This combination of 3 and 7 in music reflects the pursuit of
harmonic perfection and aesthetic satisfaction.
In visual arts, the "rule of thirds" is a compositional guideline that
divides an image into nine equal parts, created by two horizontal
and two vertical lines. This technique utilizes the power of three
and the balance of seven to create visually pleasing and
harmonious compositions.³³
Overall, the interplay of 3 and 7 in human experience demonstrates
the multifaceted nature of perfection. While the number 3 signifies
unity, balance, and completion within a triadic structure, the
number 7 represents a broader sense of completeness and cosmic
order. Together, they provide different perspectives and
dimensions of perfection, enriching our understanding of the world
and our place within it.
5 Conclusion:
The exploration of the symbolic significance of the numbers 3 and
7 in human experience has shed light on the duality of perfection.
These numbers, deeply rooted in historical, cultural, and religious
contexts, hold profound meanings that resonate across different
traditions and societies.
The number 3 represents a triad of past, present, and future,
encapsulating the cyclical nature of time and the continuous
evolution of human existence. It symbolizes the harmony and
balance in human relationships, reflecting the interconnectedness
of mind, body, and spirit. From ancient civilizations to modern
philosophies, the number 3 has served as a symbol of completeness
and unity.
Similarly, the number 7 holds a prominent place in human
consciousness, representing completeness and perfection. With its
associations with religious traditions and the idea of divine
creation, the number 7 embodies a sense of sacredness and cosmic
order. It manifests in various symbolic representations, such as the
seven days of creation, the seven chakras, or the seven virtues and
sins.
While both numbers share a common theme of perfection, they
also possess distinct attributes. The number 3 emphasizes the
dynamic nature of existence, while the number 7 embodies a sense
of divine order and transcendence. However, their symbolic
significance intertwines in human experience, creating a rich
tapestry of meaning.
In exploring the interplay of 3 and 7, we find that their symbolism
intertwines in profound ways. They complement each other,
offering different perspectives on the concept of perfection. The
duality of perfection emerges through the interplay of these
numbers, providing a nuanced understanding of the human
experience.
The significance of 3 and 7 goes beyond mere mathematical or
numerical concepts. They serve as symbolic bridges that connect
cultures, religions, and philosophical traditions, offering insights
into the fundamental aspects of human existence. By delving into
their meanings, we gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities
and intricacies of life.
In conclusion, the exploration of the symbolic significance of 3 and
7 reveals their transformative power in human experience. They
embody the duality of perfection, encapsulating the ever-changing
nature of existence and the quest for divine harmony. The profound
symbolism of these numbers invites us to contemplate our place in
the universe, encouraging us to seek balance, unity, and
enlightenment in our journey towards self-realization.
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