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Elimination of Organic Polluant by Sand Filtration: The Case of Congo Red Dye
Abstract
The textile industry is among the primary causes of contaminated water, releasing harmful spills into the ecosystem. Because of their resistance to degradation in some cases, these spills pose considerable threats, not only to human health, but also to the equilibrium of ecosystems. This study aims to assess the viability of eliminating Congo Red (CR) dye by using the sand filtration method in the localities of BOUDA and El-METARFA, located in south-west Algeria. In addition to that, the impact analyzes of various parameters on the treatment approach was done in this study. The results obtained show that the optimum filter layer height for both types of sand is 30 cm. At this height, maximum Congo Red dye removal is achieved, resulting in removal rates exceeding 85% and 89% respectively for AL-METARFA and BOUDA sand blends. In addition, a removal rate of around 85% was observed for filters with a diameter of 200 μm or less. The results underline the disadvantages of smaller particle sizes, making the 200 μm filter the preferred choice for optimum performance. In conclusion, according to the results collected, it seems that the sand filtration method has remarkable technological potential when employed as a polishing stage in surface water treatment. This approach offers a promising solution for mitigating the damaging effects of textile dyes in the areas studied.
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Les eaux polluées par les colorants présentent un grand risque pour l’environnement et l’humanité, Il existe plusieurs techniques et méthodes de traitement de ces eaux, parmi ces techniques « la filtration sur sable » elle a montré que le sable reste le milieu granulaire le plus couramment utilisée dans le traitement de certains colorants. Notre travail a pour objectif d’étudier la filtration de colorant Rouge Congo en solution par le sable. L’étude est effectuée comme suite ; premièrement nous avons appliqués la filtration sur deux types de sable de gisements divers, à savoir : le sable d’Al-MATARFA et celui le sable de BOUDA. Ensuite nous avons étudie l’influence de la granulométrie sur le rendement de la filtration, et nous avons montré que le diamètre 200µm est une valeur optimale pour la granulométrie.
Mots clés : colorants, filtration sur sable, la granulométrie, Rouge Congo.
The dyes are used in many industrial sectors such as textiles, paper and leather dyeing, as well as in the food and cosmetics industry. Dyes are known to be toxic and persistent in the environment and require physico-chemical techniques to degrade them. This work deals with the study of the adsorption of the cationic dye methylene blue on raw bentonite from the region of Nador (Morocco). The physico-chemical properties show that our bentonite indicates a very high alkalinity. The amplitude of swelling shows that this bentonite is very high is sensitive to water. The SEM shows petaloid-shaped aggregates of the grains in spherical form with heterogeneous dimensions. Various experimental parameters were analyzed; initial concentration of the dye, pH, mass of the adsorbent and temperature. Adsorption tests showed that the maximum duration of this cationic dye on bentonite is established after 80 minutes. Experimental results showed that the adsorption of the methylene blue dye on raw bentonite depends on the pH of the solution and the initial concentration of the dye. Although the amount of methylene blue adsorbed decreases with increasing temperature, this indicates that adsorption is an exothermic process. The adsorption capacity was determined using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich and Temkin isotherms. The binding of methylene blue follows Freundlich's law.
Highly efficient and effective treatments of hazardous dye-based color effluents are a major problem in the industrial sector. In this research, the cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) catalyst was produced and used for the degradation of Congo red (CR) as a model dye from aqueous solution. For a said purpose, cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanostructures with photocatalytic degradation potential were engineered via co-precipitation method using Fe2(SO4)3, CoO2, and triethylene glycol (as a stabilizing agent). As prepared, CoFe2O4 nanostructures were further surface-functionalized with 3-APTES and tested for CR degradation. The prepared CoFe2O4 nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmitt-Teller (BET) analysis. UV-visible absorption was used to measure the optical band gap of prepared CoFe2O4 nanostructures through Tauc plots. The as-prepared CoFe2O4 nanostructure bandgap was found to be 2.71 EV while using an acidic medium. The degradation rates of CR dye for bs-CoFe2O4, as-CoFe2O4, and fs-CoFe2O4 nanostructures at pH 9 were 84, 87, and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, the influences of various process parameters, i.e., the effect of catalyst dose, contact time, dye dose/concentration, pH effect, and effect of different acids, were checked for the prepared three types of nanostructures, i.e., bs-CoFe2O4, as-CoFe2O4, and fs-CoFe2O4. The kinetics models properly explained that the reaction of degradation following pseudo-first-order kinetics.
The objective of this work is to study the possibility of eliminating both dyes Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR) by adsorption on natural clay of the region of Agadir and determine the different reaction parameters effect on the proceeds. Orientation tests have been carried out in distilled water solutions. The results of the kinetics of adsorption showed that optimal contact time is 60 min; it corresponds to a maximum removal rate of MB and CR respectively of the order of 99% and 75%. Increased adsorbent ratio (0,1 à 2 g / l) improves the removal efficiency of the CR especially dyes for an initial concentration of 10 mg/l. NaNO3 salt and pH of the medium greatly influence the CR of retention. Whatever the reaction parameter tested; it appears that the clay has a good efficiency for the retention of two dyes.
The objective of this work is to study the possibility of eliminating both dyes Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR) by adsorption on natural clay of the region of Agadir and determine the different reaction parameters effect on the proceeds. Orientation tests have been carried out in distilled water solutions. The results of the kinetics of adsorption showed that optimal contact time is 60 min; it corresponds to a maximum removal rate of MB and CR respectively of the order of 99% and 75%. Increased adsorbent ratio (0,1 à 2 g / l) improves the removal efficiencyof the CR especially dyes for an initial concentration of 10 mg/l. NaNO3 salt and pH of the medium greatly influence the CR of retention. Whatever the reaction parameter tested; it appears that the clay has a good efficiency for the retention of two dyes.
In this study, the adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution, on low cost adsorbent, potato peel, was studied using batch experiments. The characterization of the adsorbent was performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with EDX and Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The effect of adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature was investigated. The kinetic data were fitted to the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models, and it is revealed that the adsorption of methylene blue onto potato peel follows the pseudo-second order model for all investigated initial dye concentration. The isotherms of adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. It was found that the adsorption process could by described be the Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.995), the maximum adsorption capacity, obtained from the Langmuir isotherm plot was 32.70 mg.g-1.The thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy ΔH°, entropy ΔS° and free energy ΔG° have also been evaluated to predict the nature of adsorption. The results indicate that the adsorption process is an exothermic, spontaneous physisorption.
Les ressources hydriques au monde sont rares et la demande en eau connait une croissance continue en liaison avec l’evolution demographique et les activites consommatrices en eau, notamment les industries de textiles se voient dans l’obligation de recycler les eaux residuaires et en particulier celles colorees. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes interesses a l’etude de l’elimination des matieres organiques et colorantes de deux rejets provenant des industries de textile, un de teinture du tissu de polyester a pH acide et l’autre de teinture du tissu de coton a pH basique. Ces rejets ont ete traites de deux manieres. La premiere est par electrocoagulation en utilisant des plaques de fer et/ou d’aluminium. La deuxieme est par adsorption sur des composes synthetiques a base de fer et d’aluminium prepares par electrocoagulation. Dans le cas du traitement par le procede d’electrocoagulation, nous avons constate que le rendement d’elimination en demande chimique en oxygene (DCO) du rejet de polyester atteint un rendement de DCO de 60% pour un temps de 7 min de reaction. Pour le rejet de coton, le rendement d’elimination, par les plaques de fer/aluminium et l’elimination des matieres colorantes, atteint une valeur de 45% en terme de DCO, et ceci en utilisant des plaques d’aluminium seul et de fer/aluminium pour un temps de 12 et 15 min respectivement. Dans le cas du traitement par ajout des coagulants synthetiques prepares au laboratoire, nous pouvons observer que le meilleur rendement d’elimination en DCO du rejet de polyester est obtenu pour une valeur de 48%, pour la faible granulometrie avec une concentration de 5 g/l du compose a base de fer /aluminium. Le rendement d’elimination en DCO du rejet de coton augmente jusqu'a une valeur de 60% avec une concentration de 5 g/l de coagulants appliques a base d’aluminium seul. Les resultats de la depollution de ces rejets, ont montre que le rendement d'elimination des matieres organiques et colorantes par le procede d'electrocoagulation est important, et la duree de traitement est courte, mais l'inconvenient de ce procede c'est la salete des plaques apres chaque utilisation et la fabrication d'une grande quantite des boues par rapport a l’adsorption sur des composes a base de fer /aluminium ou on utilise des poudres peu solubles et stables avec un bon rendement d’elimination et faibles quantites de fer et d'aluminium dans le surnageant traite. Keywords : Colorant textile, electrocoagulation, adsorption, depollution, fer, aluminium
Degradation of Congo Red (CR) dye in aqueous solutions was investigated by means of photocatalysis of TiO2 which was hydrothermally synthesized at 200 degrees C in 2 h, in anatase phase with 8 nm crystallite size. Efficiency of TiO2 in photocatalytic degradation under visible irradiation was studied by investigating the effects of amount of TiO2, irradiation time, initial CR concentration and pH. It was found that complete decolorization is achieved within 30 min of irradiation. Effects of nitrate and sulphate ions and humic acid on the degradation were also tested. The results were compared with Degussa P-25 TiO2 at the same degradation conditions. Degradation products were detected using LC-MS technique. The probable pathways for the formation of degradation products were proposed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the degradation of azo dye in synthetic wastewater by ozonation and to optimize the reaction parameters such as pH, time and type of catalysts which influence the efficiencies of color and COD removal. Congo red dye was selected as model pollutant. Catalytic and non-catalytic ozonation of Congo red dye were carried out in batch reactor with constant ozone flow rate of 36 mg/h. Cu(NO3)2, Ni(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, Cu/Al2O 3and Cu/SiO2 were used as catalysts for the catalytic ozonation system. It was observed that over 85% of Congo red could be removed within 1 h for all ozonation conditions. Higher color removal could be achieved when ozonation was carried out in alkaline (pH 10) and acidic (pH 4) condition as compared to in neutral (pH 7) condition. The reduction of COD was more than 60% for both catalytic and non-catalytic ozonation in 2 h. The catalytic ozonation using Cu(NO3)2 as catalyst showed the highest efficiency as it gave the 90% of color removal in 48 min with 60% of COD reduction. However, with catalyst, efficiencies of color decomposition are higher in alkaline and neutral conditions than in acidic condition. The ozonation of dye was found dominant by pseudo-first-order reaction at room temperature.
Dyes are widely used for industrial, printing, food, cosmetic and clinical purposes as well as textile dyeing because of their chemical stability, ease of synthesis, and versatility. Their stability, however, causes pollution once the dyes are released into the environment in effluents. More than 800,000 tons of dyes are annually produced worldwide, of which 60 to 70% are azo dyes. Considering the heterogeneous composition of these latter dyes, their degradation usually requires a chain of physical, chemical and biological treatments assuring the elimination of different pollutants in successive steps. In addition, some azo dyes are toxic and mutagenic and thus the biological treatment of these dyes is now of major scientific interest. Physical-chemical treatments (adsorption, coagulation/flocculation precipitation, etc.) are usually used for industrial effluents. In spite of their rapidity, these methods have turned out to be ineffective in attaining the standards required for these discharges. As a viable alternative, biological processes are receiving increasing interest owing to their cost effectiveness and their ability to produce less sludge. It has been found that some microorganisms can transform azo dyes into colourless products. Bacterial degradation of azo dyes is often initiated by an enzymatic biotransformation step that involves cleavage of azo linkages with the aid of an azoreductase and an electron donor. As the azoreductase in some microorganisms can catalyze the reductive cleavage of azo groups, they have potential advantages in developing bio-treatment methods of wastewater containing azo compounds.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition on the treatment of algal-rich water by immersed ultrafiltration (UF), in terms of permeate quality and membrane fouling. Experiments were performed with a hollow-fiber polyvinyl chloride ultrafiltration membrane at a laboratory scale, 20-25°C and 10 L/(m(2) h) constant permeate flux. UF could achieve an absolute removal of Microcystis aeruginosa cells, but a poor removal of algogenic organic matter (AOM) released into water, contaminants responsible for severe membrane fouling. The addition of 4 g/L PAC to the immersed UF reactor significantly alleviated the development of trans-membrane pressure and enhanced the removal of dissovled organic carbon (by 10.9±1.7%), UV(254) (by 27.1±1.7%), and microcystins (expressed as MC-LR(eq), by 40.8±4.2%). However, PAC had little effect on the rejection of hydrophilic high molecular weight AOM such as carbohydrates and proteins. It was also identified that PAC reduced the concentrations of carbohydrates and proteins in the reactor due to decreased light intensity, as well as the MC-LR(eq) concentration by PAC adsorption.
Kinetics Study of Congo Red Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions onto Bentonite
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Traitement des Eaux Usées Industrielles: Dégradation des Colorants Azoïques par un Procédé Intégré Couplant un Procédé d'Oxydation Avancée et un Traitement Biologique
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Contribution à la Dépollution des Eaux Usées de Textile par Electrocoagulation et par Adsorption sur des composés à base de Fer et d'Aluminium
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