Organ landscapes in Kazakhstan
Abstract and Figures
In August 2023, at the invitation of the Catholic bishop of Karaganda, Msgr. Adelio Dell’Oro, I visited Kazakhstan in central Asia to perform three recitals in the Karaganda region. Kazakhstan is not a place where organs are popular; I would rather even say that the majority of Kazakh society barely associates the word “organ” with a musical instrument. However, all venues (Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Fatima in Karaganda, Birth of Our Lady Church in Szachtinsk, and the church of Our Lady Mother of the Church in Karaganda- Fedorovka) were fully taken during all recitals, and the reception of organ music was enthusiastically warm.
This article aims 1) to analyse the socio-cultural background of organ music in Kazakhstan, 2) to introduce very limited number of pipe organs located in this geographically enormous country, and 3) to shortly describe the history of organ-building companies (Alexander Schuke Orgelbau from Potsdam in Germany, Rieger-Kloss from Krnov in Czechoslovakia that bankrupted in 2018, Hugo Meyer Orgelbau from Heusweiler in Germany, and Pflüger Orgelbau from Feldkirch in Austrian, that finished its existence in 2015).
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The nineteenth century is extremely diverse in its phenomena and tendencies, often marked by the coexistence of opposing currents. The Great French Revolution (1789-1799) and the so-called "Coalition Wars" (1799-1815) conducted against France under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) plowed the social order of Europe and have received wide echoes in all aspects of life not only of the inhabitants of the country on the Loire. The Congress of Vienna, convened in 1814-1815 to revise the territorial and political changes, was to develop new principles of continental order. After a period of temporary restoration of the old order and the presence of significant conservative forces, subsequent social revolutions in France in 1848 (the Spring of Nations) followed by general democratization. In economic and social terms, especially in France and England, it was a period of industrialization (use of a steam engine, the development of railroads, use of natural gas, inventing electricity) and deepening of social differences (massification and increase of poverty, isolation and loneliness of an individual in anonymous society with rising fortunes of industrialists). France was the largest country in Europe in the 19th century, both in terms of area and population.
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