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International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
Available online at : www.ijsrst.com
Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-602X
doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST52411138
327
Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Changing Facial Aesthetics
Jincy Nazar1, Rony Mukkoottil Philip2, Fathima Nehas3
1Assistant Professor, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Pathamkallu, Kerala, India
2Assistant Professor, Pushpagiri college of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
3Post Graduate Student, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Adichanalloor, Kerala, India
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Article History:
Accepted: 15 Jan 2024
Published: 30 Jan 2024
This article provides a thorough examination of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)
therapy in the context of facial aesthetics. We delve into the scientific
principles behind PRP, exploring its rich growth factor content and
regenerative potential. The review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of
recent studies and clinical trials, highlighting the efficacy of PRP in
enhancing skin texture, reducing wrinkles, and promoting collagen
synthesis.
Furthermore, we discuss the procedural aspects of PRP application in facial
aesthetics, including patient selection, preparation, and administration
techniques. A critical evaluation of the safety profile and potential side
effects is also presented, offering practitioners and patients valuable insights
into the risk-benefit profile of PRP in facial rejuvenation and review of
literature.
The article concludes with a forward-looking perspective on emerging trends
and future directions in PRP research for facial aesthetics. By synthesizing
current knowledge and addressing key considerations, this review serves as a
valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and individuals interested in the
evolving landscape of non-invasive facial enhancement modalities.
Keywords: Facial Aesthetics, Platelet-Rich Plasma
Publication Issue :
Volume 11, Issue 1
January-February-2024
Page Number :
327-332
I. INTRODUCTION
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is revolutionizing facial
aesthetics, offering a non-invasive approach to
rejuvenation. This procedure involves isolating
platelets from the patient's blood, concentrating them,
and reintroducing the plasma to stimulate tissue
repair and regeneration[1]. Research suggests that
PRP may enhance collagen production, improve skin
elasticity, and reduce fine lines[2]. As we explore the
transformative effects of PRP on facial aesthetics, the
evidence from studies underscores its potential as a
cutting-edge cosmetic intervention.
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The scope of (PRP) in facial aesthetics is expansive,
offering a non-invasive and versatile approach to
address various cosmetic concerns.
Indications
1. Collagen Stimulation:PRP contains growth factors
that stimulate collagen production, promoting
improved skin elasticity and firmness[1].
2. Fine Line and Wrinkle Reduction: Injecting PRP
into targeted areas can help reduce the appearance of
fine lines and wrinkles, contributing to a smoother
complexion[2].
3. Texture Improvement:PRP has shown potential in
enhancing overall skin texture, making it beneficial
for individuals seeking a more youthful and
revitalized appearance[2].
4. Volume Restoration:In addition to addressing fine
lines, PRP may contribute to volume restoration,
particularly in areas where tissue loss or sagging has
occurred[3].
5. Scar Reduction:PRP has been explored for its
ability to improve the appearance of scars, including
acne scars, by promoting tissue regeneration[4].
6. Natural Results:One of the significant advantages of
PRP is its natural approach, as it utilizes the patient's
own blood components, minimizing the risk of
allergic reactions or rejection[1].
7. Hair Restoration: PRP has gained attention for its
potential in promoting hair growth and addressing
certain types of hair loss. Research suggests that PRP
injections into the scalp may stimulate hair follicles
and improve hair thickness[5].
8. Dark Circles and Under-Eye Hollows: PRP has
been explored as a treatment option for addressing
under-eye concerns, including dark circles and
hollows, by promoting collagen production and
improving skin quality[6].
9. Acne and Rosacea: Some studies indicate that PRP
may have a positive impact on inflammatory skin
conditions like acne and rosacea, contributing to skin
healing and regeneration[7].
10. Combination Therapies:PRP is often used in
conjunction with other aesthetic treatments, such as
microneedling or laser therapy, to enhance overall
results. Combining PRP with these modalities may
amplify collagen stimulation and improve skin
texture[8].
11. Long-Term Effects:While the immediate effects of
PRP are noticeable, research on its long-term benefits
continues. Some studies suggest that the
improvements in skin quality and texture can be
sustained over time with periodic maintenance
sessions[9].
Contraindication
PRP is generally considered safe with minimal side
effects. However, there are absolute contraindications
to be mindful of, including critical thrombocytopenia,
platelet dysfunction, hemodynamic instability, sepsis,
local infection (at the PRP site), and patient
unwillingness to accept risks. Additionally, relative
contraindications involve NSAID use within 48 hours,
glucocorticoid injection at the treatment site within
one month, systemic glucocorticoid use within two
weeks, recent illness or fever, cancer (especially bone
or hematolymphoid), anemia (hemoglobin less than
10 g/dL), thrombocytopenia (platelets less than
150,000/microliter), and tobacco use. [12]
II. Technique
The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) procedure for facial
aesthetics involves several steps:
1. Blood Collection:A small volume of the patient's
blood, typically around 10-30 milliliters, is drawn
using a standard blood collection kit, similar to
routine blood tests[9].
2. Centrifugation:The collected blood is then placed in
a centrifuge, a machine that spins rapidly to separate
its components based on density. This process isolates
the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from other blood
components[10].The specifics of platelet-rich plasma
(PRP)
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preparation, including centrifugal machine rate and
time, can vary based on the equipment and protocols
used.
-Centrifugal Machine Rate:The rate of the centrifuge
is typically set to separate blood components based on
their density. The machine rate can vary, but it is
generally set between 1500 to 3000 rotations per
minute (rpm) during the initial spins to separate red
blood cells, followed by a slower spin for platelet
concentration[10].
-Centrifugal Time:The time for centrifugation cycles
can vary as well. The initial spins to separate blood
components might last around 10 minutes, and the
subsequent spins to concentrate platelets can take
approximately 10-20 minutes[10].
3. PRP Extraction: The separated PRP is carefully
extracted from the centrifuge, ensuring a
concentrated solution of platelets, growth factors, and
cytokines[9].
4. Preparation for Injection:Prior to injection, the
target areas on the patient's face are cleansed. In some
cases, a local anesthetic may be applied to minimize
discomfort during the procedure[13].
5. Precision Injection:The prepared PRP is then
injected into specific areas of the face using fine
needles. The injection sites may include regions with
fine lines, wrinkles, or areas requiring tissue
regeneration[13].
6. Post-Procedure Care:Patients are often advised to
avoid excessive sun exposure and certain skincare
products post-procedure. Additionally, a follow-up
schedule may be recommended to monitor progress
and address any concerns[11].
III. Discussion
In today's society, the demand for firm and youthful
skin is escalating, driven by a desire to combat clinical
signs of facial aging such as wrinkles, open pores,
pigmentation, and sagging. These manifestations
result from complex changes across skin layers,
including the loss of subcutaneous fat, fat pad
migration, increased sebum and melanin production,
and alterations in bony structure. Both intrinsic and
extrinsic factors contribute to skin aging.
Strikingly, parallels exist between the processes of
wound healing and addressing the effects of aging,
suggesting that aging may resemble a prolonged
wound overwhelming skin repair mechanisms, which
wane with age.[14]
PRP regulates cell functions, promoting collagen
regeneration, angiogenesis, and reducing pigment
secretion for facial rejuvenation. [15]
PRP monotherapy seems to provide modest
improvement in restoring skin to a more youthful
state, but the strongest evidence for improving skin
texture using PRP is in conjunction with facial
resurfacing techniques, thereby augmenting results
and hastening recov- ery time. [16]
Activated PRP stimulates the proliferation of dermal
fibroblasts, while activated PPP enhances the
production of type I collagen. PRP is noted for
enhancing dermal elasticity, hyaluronic acid synthesis,
and collagen production, resulting in smoother and
tighter skin. Through enhanced skin moisturization,
hyaluronic acid improves volume and skin turgor.[17]
Research indicates that with advancing age, there is a
gradual decline in the tissue regeneration capacity, a
decrease in the expression of growth factor receptors,
and a diminished ability of fibroblasts to produce
collagen.[18] Vavken et al.[19] substantiated that PRP
treatment is more effective in stimulating young
fibroblasts. Moreover, as age progresses, the tissue
regeneration ability diminishes, and reduced
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expression of cell growth factor receptors hinders the
efficacy of PRP.[20]
Elnehrawy et al. found that a single PRP injection
yielded the most favorable response for nasolabial
folds, followed by crow's feet and transverse forehead
lines. Significant improvements in fine wrinkles, skin
homogeneity, and texture were observed, with the
greatest improvement noted in the eighth week post-
injection. Subjects under 40 years experienced more
pronounced improvements in wrinkle appearance
compared to older subjects.[21]
Lee et al. administered a single PRP injection on the
cheeks, resulting in significant patient satisfaction
with the overall facial and cheek appearance.[22]
PRP can enhance the effectiveness of traditional
treatment methods such as subcision, dermaroller, or
laser resurfacing when used alone or in
combination.[23] The combination of PRP with
fractional CO2 laser has been shown to improve and
expedite post-treatment recovery.[24]
Porwal et al. conducted a comparative study using
derma roller alone on one side and intradermal
injections of PRP with derma roller on the other side
of the face for acne scars. The findings revealed
significantly superior results on the PRP-treated side
(58% vs. 43%).[25]
PRP has been examined as an adjunctive therapy to
different laser approaches for revitalizing the skin,
including the 10,600 nm carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and
2,940 nm erbium- doped yttrium aluminum garnet
(Er:YAG) lasers.[26]
Future of PRP in facial Aesthetics
The future of PRP in facial aesthetics holds promising
advancements and refined applications. Ongoing
research suggests a continued exploration of PRP's
potential in combination therapies, synergizing its
regenerative properties with other innovative
modalities for enhanced outcomes. Tailoring PRP
formulations to specific skin types and conditions may
become more commonplace, optimizing its
effectiveness and broadening its applicability.
Advancements in PRP delivery methods, such as
microneedling and advanced injection techniques, are
likely to evolve, offering precision and improved
patient experiences. The customization of PRP
protocols based on individual patient characteristics
and goals is anticipated to become more sophisticated,
leading to personalized treatment plans for optimal
results.
Furthermore, the integration of cutting-edge
technologies, such as bioengineering and
nanomedicine, may open new avenues for enhancing
the bioavailability and longevity of PRP effects. This
could result in longer-lasting improvements in facial
aesthetics and a more tailored approach to addressing
specific aging concerns.
As the field continues to evolve, ongoing research and
clinical trials will play a pivotal role in establishing
evidence-based guidelines, ensuring the efficacy and
safety of PRP in facial aesthetics. Overall, the future
of PRP in this domain is marked by a trajectory
toward increasingly refined and personalized
approaches, offering patients innovative solutions for
natural and sustained facial rejuvenation.
IV. CONCLUSION
It's essential to note that while PRP shows promise in
various aesthetic applications, individual responses
may vary. Ongoing research and clinical studies
contribute to a deeper understanding of PRP's
mechanisms and its evolving role in facial aesthetics.
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Cite this article as :
Jincy Nazar, Rony Mukkoottil Philip, Fathima Nehas,
"Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Changing Facial
Aesthetics", International Journal of Scientific
Research in Science and Technology (IJSRST), Online
ISSN : 2395-602X, Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Volume 11
Issue 1, pp. 327-332, January-February 2024.
Available at doi :
https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST52411138
Journal URL : https://ijsrst.com/IJSRST52411138