IJMPR Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities of Medicinal Plants of Rosa Genus: A Review

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Shiwani Jaiswal et al.: Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities of Medicinal Plants of Rosa Genus: A Review
32
International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
Website: https://ijmpr.in/ | Print ISSN: 2958-3675 | Online ISSN: 2958-3683
Review Article
NLM ID: 9918523075206676
Volume: 4, Special Issue:3 (May-June 2023); Page No: 32-34
IJMPR
Copyright@IJMPR
Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities of
Medicinal Plants of Rosa Genus: A Review
Shiwani Jaiswal1, Shreya Maddheshiya2, Neha Srivastava2
1 Associate Professor, Buddha Institute of Pharmacy, GIDA, Gorakhpur affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam University, Lucknow, UP,
India-273209
2 Assistant Professor, Buddha Institute of Pharmacy, GIDA, Gorakhpur affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam University, Lucknow, UP,
India-273209
ABSTRACT
The Rosales includes 9 families and about 6300 species; the monophyly of this order is supported by molecular
phylogenetic analyzes and characterized morphologically by a reduction or lack of endosperm and the presence
(Rosaceae, Rhamnaceae, and some Ulmaceae) or absence (Cannabaceae, Urticaceae, and Moraceae) of a hypanthium.
However, phylogenetic relationships within order are still not well resolved, but the principal families recognized are
Rosaceae, Rhamnaceae, Ulmaceae, Cannabaceae, Urticaceae, and Moraceae. This Family is cosmopolitan and most
abundant in the Northern hemisphere with showy species such as apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, almonds,
apricots, firethorns, meadowsweets, hawthorns, etc. The genus Rosa L. (Roses) are perennial, dicotyledonous plants
belonging to the sub-family Rosoideae.
Key Words: Rosaceae, genus Rosa, dicotyledonous plants.
*Corresponding Author
Shiwani Jaiswal
Associate Professor, Buddha Institute of Pharmacy, GIDA, Gorakhpur affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
University, Lucknow, UP, India-273209
INTRODUCTION
The phylogenetic, botanical, physiological, and genomic characteristics of the various species in the Rosaceae family
have been adequately summarised in several publications, highlighting the family's biological and economic significance.
Rosaceae family contains around 2500 species from 90 genera, many of which are commercially important crops
producing edible fleshy fruits (e.g., apple, apricot, cherry, peach, pear, plum, raspberry, and strawberry), nuts (e.g.,
almond), and ornamentals (e.g., rose) (Yamamoto and Terakami, 2016). Traditional classifications of this family
included the subfamilies (Hummer and Janick 2009). Amygdaloideae, Maloideae, Rosoideae, Spiraeoideae, and others.
Apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and pears (Pyrus spp.), which both belong to the subfamily Amygdaloideae, tribe
Pyreae, are the most economically significant members of the Rosaceae [1]. Fruits produced by Rosaceae species include
drupes, which have a hard central shell and a single seed, as well as dry achene, which have a comparatively soft core
and several seeds like an apple or a pear (with a thin wall and a single seed) fruits (Potter et al. 2007a; Phipps
2014).Additionally, some species produce aggregate fruits like drupetums (a collection of small drupelets loosely
attached to a central structure, like in the case of the raspberry), achenetums (multiple achenes from a single flower),
sometimes with a fleshy, enlarged receptacle like in the case of the strawberry, or an enveloping hypanthium like in the
case of the rose), and follicetums (several pod-like structures each with one or more seeds, from a single flower).
Fruits and seeds
There are many different types of fruits, and they were originally used to define subfamilies within the Rosaceae,
leading to a mostly artificial subdivision. These can be follicles, capsules, nuts, achenes, drupes (Prunus), and accessory
fruits, such the pome of an apple, or the hip of a rose. The seeds of the family's many edible fruits frequently contain
amygdalin, which, if the seed is injured, can release cyanide during digestion.
Flowers
Often, "showy" is the word used to describe the flowers of plants in the rose family. They are virtually invariably
hermaphroditic and radially symmetrical. Rosaceae typically have five petals, five sepals, and numerous stamens
grouped in spirals. The sepal, petal, and stamen bases are joined to create a distinctive cup-shaped structure known as a
hypanthium. They may be organised into heads or spikes. Rarely do flowers bloom alone. Rosaceae contain petals in a
range of colours, although blue is nearly never present.
Leaves
They might be pinnately complex or simple (either odd- or even-pinnate). About 30 genera have compound leaves.
The leaf margin typically has serrations. Paired stipules are often present and a primordial trait of the family;

Shiwani Jaiswal et al.: Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities of Medicinal Plants of Rosa Genus: A Review
33
nevertheless, various groups of Amygdaloideae have individually lost this trait (previously called Spiraeoideae).
Sometimes the stipules are adnate (surface to surface attached) to the petiole. On the petioles or leaf margins, glands or
extra floralnectaries may be found. On the rachis of compound leaves and the midrib of leaflets, spines may be visible
[2].
Table 1: Phytochemical & pharmacological activities details of Rosaecea family:
S.n
o.
Parts
Biological
source
Chemical constituents
Pharmacological
action
Structure of
chemical
constituents
1.
Goat’s
Beard
( Root)
Aruneusdiocio
us
[3]
flavonoids, phenylpropanoids,
monoterpenes,
and phenolic compounds, 2,2-
diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH)
The roots were used
to treat blood
diseases, swelling
and internal
bleeding, and during
childbirth, while
twigs were prepared
into a slave for sores,
swellings, and sore
throats, Antioxident
2,2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH)
2.
Blackthr
on
(Flower)
Prunusspinosa
[4]
total phenol content (TPC),
flavonoid content
(FC),anthocyanins, flavonol
heterosides (quercetin and
kaempferol), phenolic acids
(neochlorogenic and caffeic
derivatives), coumarin
derivatives as
aesculetin, umbelliferone and scop
oletin and proanthocyanidins R2,,,
antioxidant
activity before and
after in-
vitro gastrointestinal
digestion of
vegetables, direct
protective role
of dietary
antioxidantson intesti
nal mucosa through
local antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory
activities R3
anthocyanins
kaempferol
aesculetin
3.
Almond
( Fruits)
Prunusdulcis
fixed oil (40-50%), Protein(20%),
enzyme emulsin and bitter
glycoside amygdalin (1-3 %).
volatile oil (0.5%). Amygdalin
gives benzaldehyde and
hydrocyanic acid upon hydrolysis.
Bitter almond oil contains 80%
benzaldehyde and2-
6%hydrocyanic acid
[5]
anti-stress, anti-
oxidant,
immunostimulant,
lipid lowering and
laxative
amygdalin
hydrocyanic acid
4.
Apricot
( Fruits)
Prunusarmenia
ca
antiparasitic,
anticancer, antiaging,
antiatherosclerating,
antianginal,
cardioprotective,
hepatoprotective,
renoprotectiveand
antioxidant (especiall
y β-carotene) [6].
quercetin
gallic acid
catechin

Shiwani Jaiswal et al.: Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities of Medicinal Plants of Rosa Genus: A Review
34
CONCLUSION
Rosaceae have non-herbaceous, woody stems and are mostly shrubs or medium-sized trees..Their by-products and
derivatives could be important sources of bioactive compounds and of some minerals that, in many respects, represent
important elements for health. Their excellent sources of several important nutrients, including fibre and antioxidant
carotenoids indeed, and, in some respects, other sources. Phytoconstituents are flavonoids, alkaloids and many types of
phenolic compounds are present in rosaceae. They mainly have different types of pharmacological actions may be
present such as antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity and heptoprotective activity.
REFERENCES
1. Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 34, Issue 2, (2017), Pages 262-281,
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw242
2. https://www.britannica.com/plant/cherry
3. MengQue, Yan-Fang Su, Shi-Lun Yan, Ya-Hui Zhouand Xiu-Mei Gao, (2014). Two new phenylpropanoid
glycosides from the roots of Aruncus Sylvester, Journal of Asian Natural Products Research. Vol. 16, No. 2, 158–
162
4. Anna Marchelak, Aleksandra Owczarek,,M(2017), Bioactivity Potential of Prunusspinosa L. Flower Extracts:
Phytochemical Profiling, Cellular Safety, Pro-inflammatory Enzymes Inhibition and Protective Effects Against
Oxidative Stress In Vitro
5. Bitter Almond Biological Sources, Morphology, Chemical constituents
6. Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, Mohammad Naser Shafei, Zahra Saberi, (2011). 23493250Pharmacological Effects
of Rosa DamascenaIran J Basic Med Sci. 14(4): 295–307.
7. Jeanelle Boyerand RuiHai Liu, (2004). Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits, Nutritional J , PMC442131
8. Florinda Fratianni, MariaNeve Ombra, Antonio d’Acierno, Luigi Cipriano, Filomena Nazzaro, Apricots:
biochemistry and functional properties, ELSEVIER Volume 19, February 2018, Pages 23-29
5.
Rose
( Leaves)
Rosa
rubiginosa
Geraniol,Citronellol
Linalool ,Phenethyl alcohol
Nerol,Methyl eugenol
Eugenol,Farnesol
Rose oxide
antibacterial,
antioxidant,
antitussive, hypnotic,
antidiabetic, and
relaxant effect on
tracheal chains anti-
HIV
[7]
geraniol
Eugenol
linalool
6.
Apple
( Fruits)
Malusdomesti
ca
quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-
3-glucoside, quercetin-3-
rhamnoside, catechin,epicatechin,
procyanidin,cyanidin-3-
galactoside, coumaric acid,
chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and
phloridzin [8]
Including
cancer,cardiovascula
r disease, diabetes,
pulmonary disorders,
Alzheimer's disease,
and other
degenerative disease
states.
catechin
coumaric acid
phloridzin