Comparative Study Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During Recovery Following Closed Head Injury -A Comparative Study

Abstract

The present dissertation titled, 'Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During Recovery Following Closed Head Injury-A Comparative Study', was done using the Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS-SB) on 40 patients of closed head injury selected from hospitals in Firozabad city of Uttar Pradesh. The patients ranged from age 28 years to 58 years. The scores of head injury patients were compared with the scores of individuals without head injury. The objective of the study was to assess and explore the level of emotional maturity in patients during the recovery phase after a closed head injury and compare it with the emotional maturity of individuals without head injury. The hypothesis was that the patients with closed head injury will exhibit lower levels of emotional maturity during the recovery period in comparison to individuals without head injury. The results revealed that the closed-head injury group had a significantly higher proportion of individuals who are extremely 'EMOTIONALLY IMMATURE' (95%) compared to the without-head injury group (8%). The absence of head injury was associated with better emotional regulation skills and more mature coping strategies, as evidenced by the higher proportion of individuals coming under the category of 'EXTREMELY MATURE' (47%) in the without head injury group compared to the closed head injury group (0%).

Full text

Comparative Study
The International Journal of Indian Psychology
ISSN 2348-5396 (Online) | ISSN: 2349-3429 (Print)
Volume 11, Issue 4, October- December, 2023
DIP: 18.01.130.20231104, DOI: 10.25215/1104.130
https://www.ijip.in
© 2023, Monika & Pandey, N.; licensee IJIP. This is an Open Access Research distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any Medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During Recovery
Following Closed Head Injury – A Comparative Study
Ms. Monika
1
*, Dr. Neerja Pandey
2
ABSTRACT
The present dissertation titled, ‘Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During
Recovery Following Closed Head Injury – A Comparative Study’, was done using the
Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS-SB) on 40 patients of closed head injury selected from
hospitals in Firozabad city of Uttar Pradesh. The patients ranged from age 28 years to 58
years. The scores of head injury patients were compared with the scores of individuals
without head injury. The objective of the study was to assess and explore the level of
emotional maturity in patients during the recovery phase after a closed head injury and
compare it with the emotional maturity of individuals without head injury. The hypothesis
was that the patients with closed head injury will exhibit lower levels of emotional maturity
during the recovery period in comparison to individuals without head injury. The results
revealed that the closed-head injury group had a significantly higher proportion of individuals
who are extremely ‘EMOTIONALLY IMMATURE’ (95%) compared to the without-head
injury group (8%). The absence of head injury was associated with better emotional
regulation skills and more mature coping strategies, as evidenced by the higher proportion of
individuals coming under the category of ‘EXTREMELY MATURE’ (47%) in the without
head injury group compared to the closed head injury group (0%).
Keywords: Emotional Maturity, Head Injury, Recovery, Closed-Head Injury, without-Head
Injury
SSESSMENT is the process of assessing a patient’s current state of health, finding
possible health issues or problems, and creating a strategy for management or
therapy. Physical examinations, medical information gathering, laboratory tests, and
imaging studies are just a few of the different ways that medical assessment can be done.
ASSESSMENT VERSUS EVALUATION: assessment is the process of learning about a
patient’s health, and evaluation is the process of figuring out whether a medical intervention
1
M.A. Clinical Psychology, Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Science
2
Assistant Professor Psychology, Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University Uttar
Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India
ORCID ID 0000-0002-7495
*Corresponding Author Received: ; Revision Received: ; Accepted:
A

Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During Recovery Following Closed Head Injury – A
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or therapy was successful. A medical practice requires both assessment and review because
they enable practitioners to identify and handle patients.
EMOTION: are complex psychological states that involve subjective feelings such as
happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and surprise. They can be triggered by internal or external
thoughts, memories, senses, or social interactions and are often accompanied by physical
changes. Emotions play a vital role in human experience, communication, behaviour,
thinking, and decision-making.
Emotional Quotient
The ability to recognize, understand, and control one’s own emotions as well as those of
others is known as emotional quotient (EQ). It also means to recognise and respond
appropriately to those emotions. EQ is thought to be a key component of both personal and
professional success because it can improve one’s communication abilities, foster better
relationships, and influence decision-making.
According to studies, those with greater EQ are more likely than people with lower EQ to
feel good emotions, handle stress better, and have better mental health outcomes.
Additionally, it has been discovered that EQ is favorably correlated with leadership
effectiveness, collaboration, and job success.
Emotional Maturity
The capacity to comprehend control, and express emotions in a positive and healthy manner
is referred to as emotional maturity. It entails being able to control one’s emotions in a way
that is acceptable for the circumstance, as well as being aware of one’s sentiments as well as
those of others.
A crucial component of mental health is emotional maturity, which has been shown to lead
to favorable outcomes including improved relationships, increased life satisfaction, and
enhanced well-being Additionally, it is related to decreased stress levels and improved
coping mechanisms.
Research has demonstrated that different therapies, such as counseling, mindfulness
exercise, and social-emotional learning courses, can help people become more emotionally
mature.
Head Injury
The symptoms of head injuries might include headache, dizziness, disorientation, nausea,
vomiting, trouble speaking or comprehending speech, weakness or numbness, and loss of
consciousness. Head injuries can range from minor concussions to serious traumatic brain
damage. Rest, medication, therapy, or surgery are all possible forms of treatment.
Closed Head Injury
Closed Head Injury (CHI) is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when there is a
blow to the head that causes the brain to move within the skull. This movement can result in
bruising, bleeding, or tearing of brain tissue, leading to a wide range of symptoms.
Symptoms of CHI can include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, memory
problems, and changes in behavior or mood. The severity of CHI can range from mild to

Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During Recovery Following Closed Head Injury – A
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severe, and treatment may involve rest, medication, rehabilitation, or surgery, depending on
the severity of the injury.
Common Symptoms of closed head injury can include physical, cognitive, and emotional
changes; Physical symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, blurred
vision, and sensitivity to light or noise; Cognitive symptoms may include confusion,
memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and slowed thinking; and Emotional symptoms may
include irritability, anxiety, depression, mood swings, and changes in personality.
Treatment
The treatment of closed head injury can vary depending on the severity of the injury and the
symptoms experienced. Mild cases may only require rest and over-the-counter pain
medication, while more severe cases may require hospitalization and intensive treatment.
Treatment
Recovery: Patients with closed head injuries should have a thorough treatment plan that is
catered to their particular requirements and objectives. This may involve receiving medical
care, engaging in therapeutic recreation, and receiving support from close relatives, friends,
and medical personnel. Although the healing process can be drawn out and difficult, many
patients are able to improve their function and quality of life with the right care assistance.
Tools
The Emotional Maturity Scale-SB questionnaire established in 1971 by Dr. Yashvir Singh
and Dr. Mahesh Bhargava was used in the present work. The scale consists of 48 items that
measure 5 different dimensions of emotional maturity presents in Table no. 1 with
interpretation of scores in Table no. 2.
The Emotional Maturity Scale-EB has been found to have good reliability, with a test-retest
reliability coefficient ranging from 0.72 to 0.89, indicating that the test produces consistent
results over time.
Table no. 1: Emotional Maturity Scale with 48 items under 5 dimensions:
Sr. No.
DIMENSIONS
ITEMS IN EACH DIMENSION
A.
Emotional Stability
10
B.
Emotional Progression
10
C.
Social Adjustment
10
D.
Personality Integration
10
E.
Independence (State of being competence)
8
TOTAL ITEMS
48
Table No. 2: Interpretation of scores:
SCORES
INTERPRETATION (level of maturity)
50-80
Extremely Emotionally Mature
81-88
Moderately Emotionally Mature
89-106
Emotionally Immature
107-240
Extremely Emotionally Immature
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During Recovery Following Closed Head Injury – A
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Jackson et.al. (1987). Their study indicated that patients with head injury were more
impaired by negative emotions. Cespedes et.al. (2000). Their study is consistent with the
presence of diffuse damage, although it is remarkable that assesses factors related to frontal
lobes functioning. Majumdar et.al. (2019). Their study revealed that regarding the school
type, the Government schools of class X students are more emotionally mature than private
schools. Kancharla et.al. (2020). Their study concluded that there is no relationship
between Self-Esteem and Emotional Maturity and gender. Al-Hureibi et.al. (2010)1. The
study revealed that prevention of [primary head injury should be the aim. This includes
protection equipment like helmets and possible rule changes. Joy et.al. (2019). The study
showed that there is a significant relationship between emotional maturity and happiness
among emerging adults. Women are more emotionally mature than men and there is no
significant difference in happiness between men and women. Chen et.al. (2022). The study
revealed significant geographical differences and socioeconomic gaps in global Traumatic
Brain Injury (TBI) incidence tracking, prevalence, and mortality rates. Rawat et.al. (2016).
The study revealed that adolescents from coeducational schools, in both districts, were more
emotionally progressive, socially adjusted, and independent as compared to those studying
in non-coeducational schools. Frank et.al. (2009). Their study found that patients with
Closed Head Injury used information seeking as their most dominant coping strategy
regardless of their time since injury. Patients with closed head injury had higher family
cohesion scores than control subjects. Richardson et.al. (2007). Their study suggested that
an appropriate approach for dealing with cases of psychological dysfunction following brain
injury would be to provide training in the use of relevant cognitive strategies.
METHODOLOGY
Objective: To study Emotional Maturity During the recovery period in patients with Closed
Head Injury with Hypothesis Patients with a closed head injury will exhibit lower levels of
emotional maturity during the recovery period in comparison to individuals without head
injury. Variables: Independent Variable: Closed Head Injury, and Dependent Variable:
Emotional Maturity during the recovery period. Tool used: Emotional Maturity Scale-SB,
developed by Dr. Yashvir Singh and Dr. Mahesh Bhargava in 1971. Sample: Sampling
technique: Purposive, Sample Size: 80 (40 With Closed Head Injury and 40 without Head
Injury), Sample Population: Patients with Closed Head Injury (17 Females and 23 Males)
and individuals without Head Injury (24 Males and 16 Females). Purposive sampling: is a
non-probability sampling strategy that includes picking persons or instances based on certain
criteria or attributes. This strategy is widely employed in qualitative research if the
researcher intends to obtain information from a certain group that holds certain knowledge,
experiences, or behaviours relevant to the study topic. When the community of interest is
small, specialized, or difficult to reach, purposeful sampling might be helpful. Using this
technique, the researcher can choose volunteers who are most likely to offer detailed
information relevant to the study issue. The chosen individuals are frequently picked for
their knowledge, experience, or distinctive viewpoints. Inclusion Criteria: Patients who
have suffered a closed head injury and are currently undergoing recovery, Individuals
without head injuries, matched for age with the patient group, Participants who are willing
to provide informed consent to participate in the study, Participants who understand the
language of the assessment tool used to measure emotional maturity. Exclusion Criteria:
Participants who are currently receiving treatment for emotional or psychological disorders
that could affect emotional maturity level, Participants who are unable to give informed
consent due to cognitive impairment or language barriers, Participants who have previously
been diagnosed with a development disorder that could affect emotional maturity levels.

Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During Recovery Following Closed Head Injury – A
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Research Design
Comparative Research Design: A comparative research design is a type of research
methodology that compares two or more groups of participants on a particular variable of
interest (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008). In psychology, this design is frequently used to
investigate differences or similarities between groups with specific conditions or disorders
versus those without. Comparative research design is commonly used in various fields of
psychology, such as clinical psychology, developmental psychology, and social psychology.
It provides a way to investigate causal relationships, evaluate interventions, and identify
patterns of behaviors across different groups (Trochim & Donnelley, 2008). Procedure
Followed: Permission letter to collect data was taken from the department, Permission was
taken from the trauma centre, Patients were identified from hospitals during their recovery
period, their emotional maturity was assessed through self-report questionnaires under the
supervision of psychiatrists. DATA ANALYSIS: t-test was calculated using SPSS to
compare the emotional maturity scores of patients who have undergone closed-head injury
with those who have not.
RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
The study examined the differences in mean, standard deviation, and standard error mean
between respondents with closed-head injury and without head injury. Additionally, the
study explored the correlation and significance of the difference between respondents with a
closed head injury and without head injury, including the 95% confidence interval of the
difference (lower and upper), t-value, degree of freedom (df), and significance (2-tailed).
The result of the analysis are presented in this report to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the differences between the two groups.
Table No. 3: Standard Deviation, Mean, & Standard Error Mean of Respondents with
Closed Head Injury & Without-Head Injury.
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pair
Closed Head
Injury
135.225
40
23.06122
3.6463
Without-Head
Injury
98.05
40
28.72143
4.54126
Index:
CHI: Closed Head Injury
NHI: ‘Without-Head Injury
Interpretation of the table 3:
• The mean EMS-SB score for the Closed Head Injury group is 135.2250, with a SD
of 23.06122 and a SE mean of 3.64630.
• The mean EMS-SB score for the Without-Head Injury group is 98.0500, with a SD
of 28.72143 and a SE mean of 4.54126.
• Based on the mean scores, it appears that the Closed Head Injury group has a higher
level of Emotional Immaturity than the Without-Head Injury group.
Table no. 4: Correlation & Significance of difference between Respondents with Closed
Head Injury) & without Head Injury)

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Interpretation of the table:
“The correlation coefficient is 0.129, indicating a positive correlation between the two
variables. However, the significance level (p-value) is 0.429, which suggests that this
correlation is not statistically significant at the conventional level of significance (p<.05).”
Table no. 5: Means, Standard Deviation, 95% Confidence interval of the difference
(lower& up18per), t value, Degree of Freedom (df) & Significance (2-tailed) of
respondents with Closed head injury & without head injury.
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
t
df
Sig.
(2tailed)
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
Pair
closed
head
injury
&
without
head
37.17500
34.44571
5.44635
26.15873
48.19127
6.826
39
.000
Interpretation of the table:
“The result of the paired samples t-test indicates a significant difference between closed-
head injury and without-head injury in the sample of 39 participants. The mean difference
was 37.175, and it can be said that there is 95% significance in the t-value, the true
difference falls between 26.15873 and 48.19127.”
Table no. 6: Interpretation of scores on Level of Maturity in patients with Closed Head
Injury
Interpretation
(Level of Maturity)
Scores
Number of
Patients
Extremely Emotionally Mature
50-80
0
Moderately Emotionally Mature
81-88
1
Emotionally Immature
89-106
1
Extremely Emotionally Immature
107-240
38
Interpretation of the table:
• 38 out of 40 patients (95%) have come under the category of as ‘extremely
emotionally immature’ indicating that they may struggle to regulate their emotions
and may exhibit impulsive or irrational behavior because of closed head injury.
• 1 out of 40 patients (2%) is coming under the category of ‘moderately emotionally
mature’, indicating that he is generally capable of managing his emotions but may
still struggle in certain situations.
‘Paired Samples Correlations’
N
Correlation
Significance of difference
Pair
‘Closed head injury’ &
‘without head injury’
40
.129
.429

Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During Recovery Following Closed Head Injury – A
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• Finally, 1 patient (3%) falls under the category of ‘emotionally immature’, which
suggests that he may struggle to regulate his emotions to a greater extent than those
in the moderately emotionally mature category.
Pie Chart based on table no 6
Table no. 7: Interpretation of scores on Level of Maturity in Individuals Without Head
Injury
Interpretation
(Level of Maturity)
Scores
Number of
patients
Extremely Emotionally Mature
50-80
19
Moderately Emotionally Mature
81-88
9
Emotionally Immature
89-106
9
Extremely Emotionally Immature
107-240
3
Interpretation of the table:
• 40 out of 19 individuals (47%) have come under the category of ‘extremely Mature’,
which suggests that they are adept at managing their emotions in a healthy and
productive way. 9 out of 40 individuals (22%) are ‘Moderately Emotionally Mature’,
indicating that they are generally capable of managing their emotions but may still
struggle in certain situations.
• 9 out of 40 individuals (23%) come under the category of ‘emotionally immature’, 3
out of 40 individuals (8%) are coming under the category of ‘extremely emotionally
immature’, these individuals may struggle to regulate their emotions, may suffer
from traumatic events, and may be prone to impulsive or irrational behavior.
Pie chart based on table number 7
0%
2%
3%
95%
Total Data
Extremely Emotionally
Mature 50-80
Moderately
Emotionally Mature 81-
88
Emotionally Immature
89-106

Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During Recovery Following Closed Head Injury – A
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The results suggest that the closed head injury group has a significantly higher proportion of
individuals have come under the category of ‘extremely emotionally immature’ (95%)
compared to without head injury group (8%). This finding suggests that closed head injury
group may be associated with a higher risk of emotional regulation difficulties, impulsive or
irrational behavior, and emotional immaturity. In contrast, the without head injury group has
a higher proportion of individuals coming under the category of ‘extremely mature’ (47%)
compared to the closed head injury group (0%). This suggests that the absence of head
injury may be associated with better emotional regulation skills and more mature coping
strategies.
Though the patients were under medication during the recovery period still the researcher
observed and experienced that the patients had a presence of mind based on which they
answered the questions. The data was not collected from such patients who were not able to
comprehend the questions.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results, it may be suggested that individuals with closed head injury may
benefit from targeted interventions and support aimed at improving emotional regulation and
coping skills. Such interventions may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-
based interventions, and social skills training.
Limitations
1. The study is limited by a small sample size, which is not representative of the entire
population.
2. The emotional maturity of patients was assessed using self-report measures which
may be subject to bias due to social desirability, memory recall, and other factors that
may influence their responses.
3. Medications prescribed to patients during their recovery may impact their emotional
maturity, which may also confound the study results.
4. Patients with closed head injury may have other comorbidities that may influence
their emotional maturity, which could not be accounted for in the present study.
5. Only those patients who understand English and Hindi were part of the sample
population. Patients from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds may have
different concepts of emotional maturity making it difficult to generalize the
findings.
Suggestions
47%
22%
23%
8%
Total Data
Extremely Emotionally
Mature 50-80
Moderately Emotionally
Mature 81-88
Emotionally Immature
89-106
Extremely Emotionally
Immature 107-240

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1. The sample size could have been larger and cross-sectional to obtain the result that
can generalize.
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Acknowledgment
The author(s) appreciates all those who participated in the study and helped to facilitate the
research process.

Assessment of Emotional Maturity in Patients During Recovery Following Closed Head Injury – A
Comparative Study
© The International Journal of Indian Psychology, ISSN 2348-5396 (e)| ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) | 121
Conflict of Interest
The author(s) declared no conflict of interest.
How to cite this article: Monika & Pandey, N. (2023). Assessment of Emotional Maturity in
Patients During Recovery Following Closed Head Injury–A Comparative Study.
International Journal of Indian Psychology, 11(4), 110-130. DIP:18.01.130.20231104, DOI:
10.25215/1104.130