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Asian J. Adv. Res. Rep., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 65-91, 2024
Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
Volume 18, Issue 1, Page 65-91, 2024; Article no.AJARR.111530
ISSN: 2582-3248
Sustainable Sourcing of Organic
Skincare Ingredients: A Critical
Analysis of Ethical Concerns and
Environmental Implications
Samson Abidemi Ajayi a++, Oluwaseun Oladeji Olaniyi b#*,
Tunbosun Oyewale Oladoyinbo c†, Nneka Damola Ajayi d‡
and Folashade Gloria Olaniyi e^
a University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Opp Item 7 Candidate Hotel, Tanke Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
b University of the Cumberlands, 104 Maple Drive, Williamsburg, KY 40769, United States of America.
c University of Maryland Global Campus, 3501 University Blvd E, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA.
d University of Akron,302 E Buchtel Ave, Akron, OH 44325 United States of America.
e University of the People, 595 E Colorado Blvd Suite 623, Pasadena, CA 91101, United States of
America.
Authors’ contributions
This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. All authors read and approved the final
manuscript.
Article Information
DOI: 10.9734/AJARR/2024/v18i1598
Open Peer Review History:
This journal follows the Advanced Open Peer Review policy. Identity of the Reviewers, Editor(s) and additional Reviewers,
peer review comments, different versions of the manuscript, comments of the editors, etc are available here:
https://www.sdiarticle5.com/review-history/111530
Received: 02/11/2023
Accepted: 07/01/2024
Published: 11/01/2024
Original Research Article
Ajayi et al.; Asian J. Adv. Res. Rep., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 65-91, 2024; Article no.AJARR.111530
66
ABSTRACT
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the organic skincare and cosmetics industry,
focusing on the sourcing practices of ingredients and their implications for consumer health, ethical
considerations, and environmental impact. The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing
data from 700 working-class women, analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation, and
regression methods. The findings highlight a critical need for enhanced transparency and ethical
accountability in sourcing practices within the industry. A significant correlation was identified
between the geographical proximity of organic skincare producers to consumers and an increased
risk of unethical and unsafe skincare products, underscoring the importance of stringent quality
control and ethical oversight. Additionally, the research explored the environmental aspects of
sourcing practices and found that, while there is a relationship with ecological footprints, the impact
is less substantial than initially presumed. This points towards the necessity for a broader and more
comprehensive approach to sustainability in the organic skincare industry. Another key finding is
the strong correlation between the cost of sourcing ingredients and the likelihood of small-scale
producers compromising on product safety and ethical standards. This reveals a fundamental
challenge in balancing economic viability with ethical and safety considerations. Based on these
findings, the study recommends that industry regulators adopt a holistic approach to sustainability,
focusing on sustainable farming practices and reducing carbon footprints, especially for small-scale
producers. Future studies are suggested to further investigate the long-term health and
environmental impacts of organic skincare ingredients.
Keywords: Organic skincare; sourcing practices; consumer health; ethical considerations;
environmental impact; sustainability; small-scale producers; cosmetic industry.
1. INTRODUCTION
There has been a growing concern about
environmental and health-related issues within
the global cosmetics industry, especially for skin
care and beauty products [1]. This is
demonstrated by the trend towards more organic
skincare products and cosmetics considered
more favorable to skin care than synthetically
produced products containing high levels of
artificial ingredients and chemicals.
Consequently, this trend necessitates properly
examining how these ingredients are obtained to
make organic skincare and beauty products
[2].
Bouslimani et al. [3], highlighted the significant
impact of environmental consciousness on
individual behavior, particularly fostering a
positive inclination toward green consumption.
This shift is underpinned by three key pillars:
economic balance, health awareness, and
protection. Consequently, the organic skincare
market has transitioned from a niche category to
one of substantial importance. This evolution
reflects a growing trend among consumers
prioritizing products with less environmental
impact and greater health benefits.
The evolving awareness of health directly
influences consumer behavior. In recent years,
skincare products perceived as beneficial to both
health and beauty have gained popularity.
Supporting this notion, [4] points out that health-
conscious consumers modify their consumption
patterns to express their views on the interplay
between wellness and beauty, contributing to the
increasing preference for organic skincare.
Hence, ethical sourcing and consumption have
become increasingly pressing in the cosmetics
industry. But what exactly are "green cosmetics"?
According to Surber & Kottner [5] Green
Cosmetics are formulated with ingredients
sourced from natural resources, such as fruits
and plants. These products, characterized by
their natural composition, have seen a rise in
demand accompanied by increasing prices. As
highlighted by Liao et al. [6] green cosmetics are
distinguished by being natural and devoid of
chemicals, additives, or involvement in cruelty
during production. To reduce the carbon footprint,
González-Minero et al. [7] recommend cultivating
active ingredients near production sites.
Environmental considerations form a central
aspect of green cosmetics. Nonetheless, as
noted by Abdul-Talib & Japeri [8] while green
cosmetics offer environmental and health
advantages, they may come at a higher cost than
counterparts made with petroleum products.
Despite this, Kim & Seock [9] argue that the
market is witnessing a gradual rise in the
popularity of natural, sustainable, and
environmentally friendly cosmetics.
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Moreover, it is crucial to investigate health
problems and implications stemming from the
production practices of organic skincare product
producers, especially those operating on a small
scale. These concerns potentially jeopardize
consumer health in both the short and long term
and may also foreshadow future environmental
pressures. Given the prevailing trends toward
conscious consumption and responsible buying,
subjecting the sourcing methods of organic
skincare and cosmetics to careful scrutiny is
imperative.
As organic skincare and cosmetics experience
unrivaled demand, driven by factors like
heightened environmentalism, as Li et al. [10]
noted, and increased health consciousness, a
substantial blind spot has emerged in managing
the sourcing system for ingredients. As
highlighted in the review of the green cosmetics
market trend by Kim & Seock [11], consumers
now pay more attention to products perceived as
beneficial for health and beauty or, at the very
least, not harmful to the environment. However,
beneath this enthusiasm for 'green' ingredients
lies a network of opaque supply channels with
limited oversight in terms of verification. This gap
prompts us to question these products' true
sustainability, healthiness, and morality.
Production methods are not consistently
standardized or universally controlled on an
international scale. This lack of uniformity
exposes consumers to potential health hazards
and contributes to environmental issues.
Assessing the lasting effects of these sourcing
practices on the environment and human health
becomes increasingly critical. Despite the
intention to reduce carbon footprints and promote
environmentally friendly practices, realizing these
goals is not always evident. Currently, the
industry stands at a juncture, prompting the need
for reconciliation between organic-natural
principles and environmentally responsible
sourcing practices that authentically benefit
consumers.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
According to Choi et al. [12] the sudden surge in
the popularity of organic skincare products is
undoubtedly linked to a growing consumer
awareness of environmental issues. It's not just
about individual choices but reflects a broader
societal response to global trends, such as the
depletion of natural resources and a heightened
environmental consciousness. Consumers are
now more insistent on adopting sustainable
consumption practices. Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA) takes on a particularly crucial role in the
cosmetics sector, emphasizing the
comprehensive evaluation of environmental
impact throughout the entire product life cycle
[13]. Beyond environmental considerations, a
heightened focus on health consciousness drives
the organic skincare trend. Synthetic cosmetics
are falling out of favor as contemporary
consumers express concerns about potential
harmful effects [14]. This shift in consumer
values, from prioritizing aesthetic advantages to
emphasizing long-term health and beauty, is
reinforced by the demand for non-toxic, skin-
preserving products [15]. Studies further indicate
increasing consumer awareness regarding
issues like bioaccumulation or adverse biological
effects associated with certain cosmetic
ingredients [16].
Furthermore, the inclination towards using
natural ingredients signals a shift in how we
perceive what's beneficial or detrimental and
brings forth numerous inquiries regarding safety,
effectiveness, and scientific certification (or lack
thereof) for consumers' guidance. Scientists
have not agreed on these issues; research in this
domain remains preliminary and inconclusive
[17]. There's a notable absence of rigorous and
in-depth studies supporting the assertions of
natural skincare advocates. Moreover, the need
for longer-term studies to assess the lasting
impact of such products remains evident. The
scientific uncertainty creates an opportunity for
the skincare industry to delve into research in
this area, ensuring that concerns about one's
health are addressed seriously rather than being
driven solely by marketing narratives [18].
In addition, the surge in environmentally and
health-conscious consumer trends has
significantly reshaped the skincare market. This
shift has led to a rapid expansion in product
variety, with green cosmetics gaining particular
traction, especially in regions like Asia-Pacific
[19]. However, the flourishing market validates
that high product costs can impact consumer
accessibility and purchasing motivation as the
industry pivots toward green marketing and
sustainable production attempts to align with
consumer preferences [20]. A closer examination
of these practices reveals that the actual
outcomes don't always align with marketing
claims, raising questions about the true
sustainability and effectiveness of these products
[21]. The evident gap signals a need for industry
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regulation and practice enhancement. Moreover,
prevailing market trends highlight challenges
around inclusivity and accessibility for green
cosmetics, attributed to their high prices and
exclusive positioning, which calls for a more
balanced approach advocate considering both
the environmental and health benefits of
green cosmetics, coupled with economic
feasibility [22]. The suggestion is to make
these products more widespread, allowing the
average citizens of society to reap their
advantages.
2.1 The Health Ethics of Ingredient
Transparency in Organic Skincare
Chin et al. [23] assert that ethical concerns
related to organic skincare primarily revolve
around the impact of chemical components on
health. Consumers are increasingly worried
about potential adverse effects associated with
certain chemicals used in cosmetic products.
Ethical considerations in this sector encompass
ingredient transparency, safety, and a brand's
responsibility to provide accurate information.
Even if products are labeled as organic, it doesn't
guarantee that all ingredients used are
necessarily healthful. Terms like "natural" and
"organic," commonly found in product names
without official definitions, can be employed
misleadingly. Even if a subjective term is
combined with a negative descriptor like "danger"
or "poison," it may still hide the threat posed by
excessive levels of various chemicals known to
carry health risks [24]. These issues underscore
ethical concerns regarding the clarity and
honesty of labeling practices and ensuring
consumers are fully informed about what they
apply to their skin [25].
According to Janany & Shanmugathas [26] many
skincare products include various compounds,
such as fragrances, preservatives, and
stabilizers, commonly known to irritate the skin or
trigger allergic reactions. Over the long term,
these compositions can potentially contribute to
more serious illnesses [27]. The ethical gap
widens as cosmetics companies are not
mandated to test for ingredient safety.
They often have flexibility in their
ingredient choices with limited well-founded
evidence regarding a comprehensive
understanding of long-term effects. This laissez-
faire approach results in a lack of understanding
and knowledge for the consumer, posing
obstacles for those seeking to make healthy
choices [28].
2.2 Chemical Implications and Consumer
Health in Organic Skincare
Cervellon & Carey [29] contends that even the
organic skincare market may not be as healthful
or safe as commonly perceived; the complexity
of cosmetic chemistry suggests a nuanced
reality. Natural ingredients, at times, undergo
extensive processing, potentially yielding toxic
byproducts or impurities along the way [30]. A
major concern revolves around the potential
endocrine-disrupting effects of certain chemicals
found in skincare products. These disruptors can
mimic or suppress naturally produced hormones,
leading to a range of physiological disorders,
from reproductive issues to cancer [31]. Take
parabens, for instance. Commonly used as
preservatives in cosmetics, they can also
function as endocrine disruptors. While their use
is regulated and deemed safe in small doses,
cumulative exposure from many products on the
market may surpass what one might imagine.
Burlando & Cornara [32] highlight another
significant concern: the presence of carcinogenic
compounds in skincare products. Some
chemicals, even within legal limits, may pose
long-term harm. This becomes particularly
alarming for daily products, such as moisturizers
and sunscreens. Using these products
introduces a conflict between effectiveness and
preservation on the one hand and potential long-
term health risks on the other [33]. Additionally,
considerations for skin sensitivities and allergies
are crucial. Some natural ingredients may not be
suitable for certain skin types, causing irritation,
redness, allergies, or other reactions [34]. This
underscores the responsibility of organic
skincare brands to conduct proper testing and
assess the suitability of their products for
sensitive skin [35].
2.3 Ethical Consumption
In the context of production, while consumers
desire ethically produced goods, the reality
suggests that such concerns aren't consistently
implemented [36]. Research indicates this might
be attributed to a mismatch between stated
values and practical considerations like
availability and price. Brand loyalty and a general
lack of information about the ethical nature of
consumption choices further contribute to this
disparity [37]. This raises questions about the
effectiveness of ethical branding methods and
whether they align with consumers' values and
needs [38]. A more sensitive perspective towards
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how consumers navigate their conflicting ethical
values and desires is crucial throughout this
process, from consideration to decision-making
to action or abstention [39].
In addition, navigating the terrain of reconciling
ethical ideals with practical business realities
poses a significant challenge for the cosmetics
industry [40]. Despite considerable efforts by
most companies to enhance their ethical
practices, achieving full implementation of ethical
production remains a formidable task [41]. The
challenges lie in the intricacies of supply chains
and conflict control strategies essential for
maintaining a balance between profitability,
return on investment, market competitiveness,
and fostering education about responsible
behavior [42]. This conflict between ethical ideals
and economic necessities necessitates finding
creative solutions that integrate ethics into
everyday business without compromising product
quality or impacting profitability [43].
2.4 Sourcing Practices
The cosmetics industry has faced increased
scrutiny for its sourcing practices, drawing
attention to the need for ethical and sustainable
sources. Given the industry's diverse range of
ingredients, its global supply chains often involve
opaque and complex sourcing networks [44]. The
challenge of overseeing such unity poses
significant issues for upholding ethics, fair labor
practices, environmental protection, and
sustainable resource utilization along the supply
chain [45]. While sustainable and ethical
sourcing models are gradually emerging, they
involve incorporating more ingredients from eco-
farms, supporting biodiversity for minimal
environmental impact, and seeking alternative
sources from discarded materials in other
industries (byproducts) for sustainable, cost-
effective use [46]. However, these developments
are often uneven, varying from company to
company and product to product [47].
Ehlinger‐Martin et al. [48] assert that finding a
delicate equilibrium between ecology and
consumer demand poses a considerable
challenge in ethical sourcing. Despite the
growing preference for natural and organic
ingredients, ensuring their sustainable sourcing
isn't always straightforward [49]. The cosmetics
industry grapples with balancing exploiting
natural resources and preserving them for future
generations. Achieving this fundamental balance
becomes even more intricate when considering
the necessity for product quality and consistency,
a challenge with all-natural ingredients that vary
based on availability [50].
Furthermore, sourcing practices lack the
transparency needed. While some companies
have made strides in disclosing their products'
origins and supply chains, systematic reporting
remains largely absent in the industry [51]. This
lack of transparency hinders consumers' ability to
make informed and responsible choices, and it
constrains stakeholders from holding companies
accountable for their sourcing methods [52].
2.5 Environmental Implications of
Organic Skincare Ingredient Sourcing
Gabriel [53] emphasizes that when acquiring
ingredients for organic skincare, it's crucial to
prioritize ecological concerns, emphasizing
sustainable practices and conservation. Organic
skincare products often highlight their natural
components and are deeply connected to
environmentally friendly production methods [54].
This means steering clear of harmful synthetic
pesticides or fertilizers, aligning closely with the
principles of organic farming. By embracing
these practices, organic skincare companies
preserve soil fertility and encourage diverse
ecosystems. This approach underscores a
commitment not only to personal well-being but
also to the broader health of the planet [55].
Pawestriningrum & Roostika [56] assert that
sustainability transcends mere avoidance of
harmful chemicals in organic skincare. Central to
this is the imperative to conserve biodiversity, a
cornerstone of sustainable agriculture.
Ingredients for organic skincare must be
cultivated in a manner that actively contributes to
preserving and enriching biodiversity. This entails
safeguarding natural habitats, abstaining from
genetically modified seeds, and implementing
ecologically mindful practices such as crop
rotation [57].
However, the challenge arises when addressing
the escalating demand for organic skincare
products while upholding these biodiversity and
sustainability ideals [58]. The intricate balance
required becomes evident as even in organic
cultivation, over-cultivation and monocropping
can result in soil exhaustion and biodiversity loss
if not meticulously managed. This intricate
interplay highlights the importance of navigating
the delicate equilibrium between meeting
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consumer demands and upholding ecological
principles in the organic skincare industry [59].
Furthermore, the organic skincare industry
grapples with ethical concerns regarding land
utilization and its impact on local communities
and wildlife [60]. In certain regions, the demand
for organic ingredients has led to significant
changes in land use, risking the destruction of
local ecologies and potentially displacing the
indigenous population [61]. Ethical sourcing
must, therefore, adopt a broader perspective on
sustainability, considering not only the
environmental implications of farming operations
but also potential socio-economic side effects
that may impact local communities and
ecosystems [62].
2.6 Carbon Footprint and Transportation
The environmental impact of transporting
ingredients for organic skincare products is a
notable concern. The globalization of the
skincare industry often entails importing
ingredients from various regions, necessitating
transportation and contributing to a significant
carbon footprint [63]. The entire process, from
farm to product, involves multiple stages of
movement, assembly, and packaging, each
contributing to the emission of greenhouse
gases. Addressing the environmental footprint
throughout this supply chain is crucial for holistic
sustainability in the organic skincare industry
[64].
Addressing this problem, certain organic skincare
companies are actively working to minimize their
carbon footprints. This includes a shift towards
using local ingredients, thereby reducing the
distance and emissions associated with
transportation. In cases where local sourcing isn't
feasible, brands explore efficient transportation
and supply routes and invest in carbon offset
programs [65]. Another crucial aspect is the
packaging and distribution of the finished
products. Companies are implementing
recyclable or biodegradable packaging materials,
adopting efficient packing methods, and
incorporating green shipping practices to lessen
their environmental impact. Some firms are
innovating new formulations and packaging
designs to reduce material use and waste [66].
However, there's a delicate balance between the
desire for a diverse range of global ingredients
and the commitment to reducing environmental
impact. Many consumers seek exotic flavors
from distant locations, increasing transportation
emissions. Brands are navigating the challenge
of meeting consumer expectations for variety
while staying true to their environmental
responsibility pledges [67].
2.7 Health Implications and Safety of
Organic Skincare Products
Azmi [68] accentuates that while organic
skincare products are often considered harmless,
it's crucial to recognize that natural doesn't
guarantee safety for all. The misconception that
organic or natural implies universal safety can be
misleading. Even natural ingredients can cause
allergies, skin sensitivities, and other
dermatological issues in certain individuals.
Essential oils, commonly found in organic
products, can be potent allergens for some
consumers.
Additionally, the composition of natural
ingredients varies based on factors like harvest
time and geographical origin. These
unpredictable variations can result in uneven
product performance and unforeseen skin
reactions. The natural label doesn't necessarily
equate to being universally healthy or safe for
everyone. It underscores the importance of
individual considerations and awareness,
acknowledging that even organic skincare may
pose risks for certain skin types or conditions
[69].
According to Guan [70] the variability in natural
ingredients undermines the perception of organic
products as universally safe. Consequently,
consumers should know that the 'organic' label
doesn't automatically ensure safety and should
not be unquestioningly accepted, much like
conventional products. This caution is particularly
crucial for individuals with skin sensitivities
regarding cosmetics-style items. For instance,
skincare lacks consistent regulations for terms
like 'organic,' leading to products labeled as such
that may not conform to organic certification
standards. This inconsistency can potentially
mislead consumers regarding the quality and
safety of the products they choose, emphasizing
the need for vigilance and informed decision-
making in organic skincare [71].
Furthermore, the absence of synthetic
preservatives in organic skincare contributes to
shorter shelf life and increased risk of bacterial
contamination. While aligned with the organic
skincare ethos, this poses a safety concern,
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especially for products applied to sensitive areas
like around the eyes or on sores. Proper storage
and usage guidelines exist to mitigate these
risks, emphasizing the need to inform consumers
[72]. Another challenge impacting the
standardization of organic skincare lies in the
variability of ingredient quality. Natural
ingredients can significantly differ in the
concentration of active compounds, influencing
the product's efficacy and safety. Without
standardized quality control measures,
consumers may not receive the expected value
for their purchase and, in some cases, might be
exposed to excessive concentrations.
Establishing clear standards for ingredient quality
is crucial for ensuring the safety and
effectiveness of organic skincare products [73].
In addition, ensuring the safety of organic
skincare goes beyond organic ingredients; it
requires control over the manufacturing process.
While ingredients may be organic, the extraction
and combination processes can introduce
contaminants that alter ingredient composition,
potentially harming the skin [74]. To enhance the
safety of organic skincare products, relevant
bodies must implement stricter and consistently
applied standards. This includes imposing
tougher labeling requirements to provide
comprehensive information about ingredients,
establishing quality control standards for natural
substances, and conducting safety testing that
considers the unique formulations used in
organic products [75]. These measures are
essential for maintaining the integrity and safety
of organic skincare, addressing potential risks
introduced during the manufacturing phase [76].
2.8 Global Regulatory Landscape and its
Impact on Health and Safety
The global cosmetics industry, marked by rapid
development and international reach, poses a
significant challenge in establishing consistent
standards for health and safety. The disparities in
regulatory systems among different countries
have profound implications for organic skincare
[77]. For instance, in the European Union,
cosmetics are regulated under (EC)
No.1223/2009, a framework succeeding the
earlier 76/768 EC Directive. This harmonized
approach ensures consumer protection uniformly
across EU member states, offering similar levels
of product safety throughout Europe. The
framework reflects a commitment to technical
advancement, scientific knowledge, and
consumer safety [78].
According to Samper et al. [79] in the United
States, cosmetics are regulated under the
Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act)
and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA),
which have governed the industry since 1938
and 1966, respectively. However, compared to
the EU's regulatory framework, these laws have
undergone minimal revisions over the years,
indicating a slower evolution and progress in
regulatory standards. This lag may impact the
industry's ability to keep up with advancements
and global consumer expectations. In Canada,
the Cosmetic Regulation Act (1977) and Food
and Drugs Act (1985) have seen only marginal
revisions, indicating a need for updates to align
with contemporary scenarios, particularly in the
context of organic skincare and cosmetic
production [80].
Conversely, Japan and China have recently
revised their cosmetic regulations. In 2014,
Japan's Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices
Law (PMDL) succeeded the Pharmaceutical
Affair Law (PAL) of 1960. In China, institutional
reforms have been underway since 2018,
culminating in the implementation of the
Cosmetic Supervision and Administration
Regulation (CSAR) in 2021, succeeding the
Cosmetics Hygiene Supervision Regulations
(CHSR) of 1990, [81]. The latter introduced
verification processes such as good
manufacturing practices (GMPs).
According to SUMANTO [82] in Brazil, the
cosmetic sector is regulated by three
authorities—the Ministry of Health, the Brazilian
Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), and the
Hygiene, Perfume, Cosmetics, and Sanitizing
Products Management (GHCOS). Each authority
has its areas of expertise, demonstrating
consistent progression over the years in
legislating Brazil's cosmetic industry. The
variations in different regulatory environments
highlight the global challenge of establishing
consistent safety standards for organic skincare
products. These differences impact everything
from how ingredients are collected and analyzed
to product labeling, influencing drug safety. An
ingredient approved and legalized in one area
may face restrictions or prohibitions in another,
creating double standards that hinder
international companies from developing
products with consistent quality across countries
[83].
Furthermore, these regulatory mismatches make
it challenging for consumers to identify genuinely
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safe and high-quality organic skincare products.
The lack of standardized global standards can
lead to confusion and mistrust among
consumers, who may struggle to assess the
impact of varying regulations on product safety.
Achieving greater harmonization in regulatory
frameworks is essential for promoting
transparency, consumer confidence, and the
consistent quality of organic skincare products
globally [84].
In addition, to overcome the multifaceted
challenges surrounding organic skincare product
safety, an emerging body of research
emphasizes the need for enhanced coordination
among global cosmetic regulations [85]. This
strategic approach seeks to streamline regulatory
processes and cultivate heightened consumer
confidence in organic skincare. The advocacy for
coordination becomes particularly crucial in
certifying the adoption of the highest safety
standards across the industry.
2.9 Economic Considerations,
Accessibility, and Ethical Challenges
in Organic Skincare
According to Saeed [86] a challenge arises when
skincare product producers struggle to obtain
affordable organic ingredients, posing an ethical
dilemma. Under the pressure of maintaining
profitability, some producers might be tempted to
compromise on standards. This is particularly
evident in sourcing organic ingredients, which
can often be significantly more expensive than
their non-organic counterparts. To
counterbalance these costs and keep prices
competitive, there's a risk that some producers
may resort to using lower-quality ingredients or
offering products with less organic content than
they claim [87]. Beyond misleading consumers,
such practices present a tangible threat to health.
When standards are not met, products may
contain more chemicals or non-organic materials
than advertised, posing a genuine risk to
consumers' health [88]. This raises ethical
concerns and contradicts the fundamental
principle of organic skincare—to provide
products that are safer and more natural than
mainstream skincare. From a purification and
processing standpoint, small-scale organic
skincare producers may find it challenging to
ensure their ingredients meet safety standards
for regular use. This technical challenge can
arise, especially for those operating on a limited
budget or lacking expertise in this domain. In
such cases, important safety measures may be
overlooked, jeopardizing the overall safety of the
products they offer and putting consumers'
health at risk [89].
Rossolatos [90] asserts that these problems are
exacerbated by the direct links between
producers and consumers via the Internet.
Producers often evade traditional supervision,
utilizing online platforms to reach consumers
directly. This situation poses a significant risk—
products not reviewed by required government
agencies can still be sold. Consumers face
challenges in determining whether these
products meet safety standards without
regulatory oversight. This raises the crucial issue
of consumer responsibility. Are consumers
inadvertently purchasing harmful products due to
this lack of oversight?
2.10 Literature Gap Analysis
According to Doh et al. [91] the burgeoning
enthusiasm for the organic lifestyle is fueling
demand in skincare markets. Yet, a notable gap
exists with the absence of uniform global
standards governing these products.
Consequently, the quality of organic skincare
products varies widely—some may be safe but
inconsistent, while others, touted as panaceas,
may ultimately do more harm than good.
Furthermore, the expense of organic production
hinders accessibility and equity in health-
conscious consumer choices. Supervising small-
scale producers poses another significant
loophole, compounded by the challenges
presented by online e-commerce venues with
minimal official oversight. This lack of regulation
is detrimental to both consumer safety and the
proper consumption of skincare products [92].
The synthesis of these findings delves into the
intricate interplay between economics, public
safety, and ethics in organic skincare. While
organic products are often promoted as healthier
and more environmentally friendly than their
industrial counterparts, the combination of
inadequate quality maintenance standards and
exorbitant costs renders them unattainable for
most consumers, posing a health threat. The
global disparity in regulations and the struggle of
small-scale producers to meet safety standards
without compromising profitability further
compound these challenges [93]. What is
imperative is a pragmatic solution that considers
both consumer safety and economic
sustainability concurrently. By charting a course
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toward the casual accessibility of organic topical
products, we can ensure that the benefits of such
products extend to all members of society.
2.11 Research Aim
This study hopes to analyze ingredients sourcing
practices of organic skincare and cosmetics
products to address those consumers 'concerns
and know what can be done environmentally and
ethically that places human beings at the center.
2.11.1 Research objectives
1. To examine and evaluate the current
sourcing practices of ingredients used in
organic skincare cosmetics.
2. To analyze the ethical concerns associated
with the use of organic skincare and
cosmetics and implications on consumers
health
3. To assess the environmental issues related
to the sourcing of organic skincare
ingredients.
4. To provide recommendations for improving
responsible ingredient sourcing practices
and healthy organic skincare products
consumptions for stakeholders in the
cosmetics industry.
2.12 Research Hypothesis
H1: Current sourcing practices of ingredients in
organic skincare cosmetics are significantly
associated with ethical concerns, impacting
consumer health.
H2: There is a significant relationship between
proximity of organic skin care producers to
cosmetic consumers and increased risk of
unethical and unsafe skin care products.
H3: Environmental issues related to the sourcing
of organic skincare ingredients significantly affect
the ecological footprint of these products.
H4: There is a positive correlation between the
cost of sourcing organic skincare ingredients and
the likelihood of small-scale producers
compromising on product safety and ethical
standards.
3. METHODS
This study adopted a quantitative approach,
utilizing a survey research strategy to gather
primary data. The survey design was specifically
structured to explore the intricate relationships
between various factors in the organic skincare
industry, including consumer perceptions,
economic considerations, and health
implications. The choice of a quantitative
approach was driven by the need to obtain
measurable and statistically analyzable data that
could provide a robust basis for testing the
formulated hypotheses. The questionnaires used
as the research instrument were meticulously
developed to ensure comprehensive coverage of
the study's themes. Questions were designed to
be clear, concise, and unbiased, ensuring that
they effectively captured respondents'
experiences and perceptions. The questionnaire
encompassed a range of question types,
including Likert-scale items for attitudes and
experiences. Purposive sampling was employed
to select the sample of working-class women.
This method was chosen to target a specific
demographic that was presumed to have unique
insights into the intersection of economic factors
with health and ethical considerations in organic
skincare. The criteria for selection included
socioeconomic status (working-class) and
gender (women). The survey was disseminated
online across various platforms frequented by the
target demographic. These platforms were
selected based on their popularity and
accessibility among the intended respondents.
Online distribution was chosen for its wider reach
and cost-effectiveness, allowing for the collection
of a sizable amount of data within a relatively
short period. The responses were collected and
stored with a strong emphasis on data integrity
and privacy. Respondents were informed about
the purpose of the study, and their consent was
obtained. Confidentiality was assured, with data
being used solely for research purposes. The
initial step in data analysis involved descriptive
statistics to understand the demographic
characteristics of the sample and gain
preliminary insights into their attitudes and
experiences. For hypothesis testing, both
correlation and regression analyses were
utilized. Correlation analysis helped identify
patterns and associations between various
variables. Regression analysis was employed to
understand the causal relationships and the
strength of these relationships between
independent variables (such as cost of sourcing
and proximity of producers to consumers) and
dependent variables (like consumer health risks
and ecological footprint).
4. RESULTS
The demographic analysis unveils a diverse
participant distribution, highlighting the
predominant age group of 26-30 (32.4%). This
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diversity becomes pivotal in comprehending the
spectrum of perspectives within our surveyed
population.
How often do you purchase organic skincare and
cosmetics products?
The research underscores a noteworthy
frequency of organic skincare product purchases,
with a substantial cohort (33.3%) displaying a
recurring "Always" purchase pattern. Addressing
the prevalence of adverse effects, it is
noteworthy that 58% of respondents experience
these effects, highlighting the urgency for
concentrated efforts on product safety and
potential health implications. This insight, derived
from a sample of 700 respondents, underscores
profound implications for consumer safety and
ethical considerations within the skincare
industry.
Question 6: Do you feel that organic skincare
products sourced locally are generally safer?
The data suggests that most respondents view
locally sourced organic skincare products as
safe, with 62.7% expressing positive sentiments
(SA + A). However, it's noteworthy that 15.7%
hold a neutral or negative stance (N + D + SD).
This divergence in opinions could spark an
interesting discussion at the table, exploring
factors influencing perceptions of safety in
organic skincare.
Question 7: Have you ever experienced adverse
effects from using organic skincare products?
The survey results show that a majority (57.6%)
of respondents have experienced adverse effects
from using organic skincare products. This raises
an interesting point for discussion, exploring the
nature of these adverse effects and the potential
reasons behind them.
Question 8: Regarding any adverse effects you
may have experienced from using organic
skincare products, please rate the severity of
these effects?
The analysis of adverse effects severity indicates
a spectrum of experiences among respondents.
Noteworthy findings include that 29.3% reported
no adverse effects, while others detailed mild to
severe experiences. This nuanced perspective
underscores the importance of understanding the
diverse impacts of organic skincare products,
contributing valuable insights for user satisfaction
and safety considerations.
Question 11: How does the cost of organic
skincare products influence your purchasing
decisions.
Table 1. Age distribution
N
%
20-25years
197
28.1%
26-30years
227
32.4%
31-35years
127
18.1%
36-40Years
93
13.3%
41-45Years
56
8.0%
Total
700
100%
Table 2. Purchase of organic skincare and cosmetics products
N
%
Always
233
33.3%
Occasionally
260
37.1%
Often
104
14.9%
Rarely
64
9.1%
Others
39
5.6%
Total
700
100%
Table 3. Organic skincare products sourced locally are generally safer
N
%
SA
201
28.7%
A
238
34.0%
N
151
21.6%
D
49
7.0%
SD
61
8.7%
Total
700
100%
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Table 4. Adverse effects from using organic skincare products
N
%
YES
403
57.6%
NO
297
42.4%
Total
700
100%
Table 5. Severity of the effects
N
%
No adverse effects experienced
205
29.3%
Mild (Barely noticeable and did not require any
treatment)
194
27.7%
Moderate (Noticeable but managed with over-the-
counter treatment or self-care)
176
25.1%
Severe (Required professional medical treatment or
consultation)
68
9.7%
Very Severe (Led to significant health issues or long-
term effects)
57
8.1%
Total
700
100%
. Table 6. Cost of organic skincare products influence purchasing decisions
N
%
Significantly
271
38.7%
Moderately
252
36.0%
Slightly
123
17.6%
Not at all
54
7.7%
Total
700
100%
Table 7. Small-scale producers of organic skincare products are more likely to compromise
product safety
N
%
SA
198
28.3%
A
244
34.9%
N
145
20.7%
D
52
7.4%
SD
61
8.7%
Total
700
100%
Question 12: Do you believe that small-scale
producers of organic skincare products are more
likely to compromise product safety?
The data highlights that a significant proportion
of respondents (38.7%) are significantly
influenced in their purchasing decisions by the
cost of organic skincare products. Additionally,
36% are moderately influenced, suggesting that
cost is a substantial factor for a majority.
Meanwhile, a substantial portion (63.2% with SA
+ A) believes that small-scale producers of
organic skincare products are likely to
compromise product safety. This duality in
perspectives reveals the impact that
uncensored production of organic skincare
products could have on health and
environmental indices.
4.1 Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis 1: Current sourcing practices of
ingredients in organic skincare cosmetics are
significantly associated with ethical concerns,
impacting consumer health.
The regression analysis explored the
relationship between the dependent variable
(Ethical concerns) and independent variables
(Sourcing for Organic Skincare Products)
revealing a positively significant relationship
between these two variables (r=.961, p=.000).
This relationship was further shown to be very
strong with a beta value close to 1 (Beta =.961)
This means that sourcing for organic Skincare
Products raises some ethical concerns; hence
we accept the hypothesis and state that the
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current ingredients used for the creation of
organic Skincare Products raise some ethical
concerns about its usage.
Hypothesis 2: There is a significant relationship
between the proximity of organic skin care
producers to cosmetic consumers and the
increased risk of unethical and unsafe skin care
products.
The regression analysis between the dependent
variable (increased risks) and independent
variables (Proximity) reveals a positively
significant relationship between these two
variables (r=.910, p=.000). This relationship was
further shown to be very strong, with a beta
value close to 1 (Beta =.910). This means there
is an increase in the risk of using the organic
product due to proximity; hence we accept the
hypothesis and state that proximity to organic
product increases the risk of being affected by
its usage.
Hypothesis 3: Environmental issues related to
sourcing organic skincare ingredients
significantly affect the ecological footprint of
these products.
The regression analysis result above provides
understanding to the relationship between the
dependent variable (Ecological Footprint) and
independent variables (Sourcing Practice of
organic skincare products). It was observed that
a positive weak significant relationship exists
between these two variables (r = .231, p=.000).
This relationship was further shown to be very
weak with a beta value far from (Beta =.231),
this means that although there is a significant
relationship, it seems to be very weak. Hence,
we reject the hypothesis and state that sourcing
for organic products has little to no effect on the
area's ecological footprint.
Hypothesis 4: There is a positive correlation
between the cost of sourcing organic skincare
ingredients and the likelihood of small-scale
producers compromising product safety and
ethical standards.
A Pearson correlation was carried out to
understand the relationship between cost and
ethical standards of respondents who use
organic products. It was observed that a very
strong significant relationship (r=.962 and
p=.000) exists. This shows that the cost of the
product has a huge role in the type of organic
products accessed by the respondent. For this
reason, we accept the hypothesis and state that
cost has a significant role in the ethical
standards and accessibility to organic skincare
products.
Table 8. Data statistics
ANOVAa
Model
Sum of
Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
1
Regression
3657.989
1
3657.989
8534.552
.000b
Residual
299.169
698
.429
Total
3957.159
699
a. Dependent Variable: Ethical Concerns
b. Predictors: (Constant), Sourcing for Organic Skincare Products
Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1
.961a
.924
.924
.65468
a. Predictors: (Constant), Sourcing for Organic Skincare Products
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
T
Sig.
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
.311
.053
5.897
.000
Sourcing for Organic
Skincare Products
1.989
.022
.961
92.383
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Ethical Concerns
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Table 9. Model summary (Hypothesis 2)
Model
R
R Square
Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1
.910a
.827
.827
1.04646
a. Predictors: (Constant), Proximity
ANOVAa
Model
Sum of
Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
1
Regression
3661.588
1
3661.588
3343.694
.000b
Residual
764.361
698
1.095
Total
4425.949
699
a. Dependent Variable: Increase Risk
b. Predictors: (Constant), Proximity
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t
Sig.
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
.279
.109
2.562
.011
Proximity
1.422
.025
.910
57.825
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Increase Risk
Table 10. Model summary (Hypothesis 3)
Model
R
R Square
Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1
.231a
.054
.052
1.190
a. Predictors: (Constant), Sourcing practices of Organic Skincare Products
ANOVAa
Model
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
1
Regression
55.933
1
55.933
39.474
.000b
Residual
989.031
698
1.417
Total
1044.964
699
a. Dependent Variable: Ecological Footprint
b. Predictors: (Constant), Sourcing practices of Organic Skincare Products
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t
Sig.
B
Std.
Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
1.643
.115
14.299
.000
Sourcing Practices of
Organic Skincare
Products
.369
.059
.231
6.283
.000
a. Dependent Variable: Ecological Footprint
b.
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Table 11. Correlations results
Cost
Ethical Standards
Cost
Pearson Correlation
1
.962**
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
N
700
700
Ethical Standards
Pearson Correlation
.962**
1
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
N
700
700
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
5. DISCUSSION
The current sourcing practices of ingredients in
organic skincare cosmetics are found to be
significantly associated with ethical concerns,
thereby exerting a tangible impact on consumer
health [94]. Identifying ethical concerns as the
dependent variable in this study sheds light on
the intricate relationship between ingredient
sourcing and broader ethical considerations
within the cosmetics industry [95]. In alignment
with the research questions, the findings reveal
a discernible connection between sourcing
practices and ethical implications. Organic
skincare products, often marketed as
sustainable and health-conscious, exhibit
variations in ethical sourcing standards. The
acceptance of this relationship underscores the
need for a comprehensive evaluation of
ingredient supply chains in the skincare sector
[96].
Comparatively analyzing these results with
existing literature exposes a critical gap in
ethical considerations within the organic
skincare domain. While previous research has
explored the health benefits of organic
cosmetics, the ethical dimensions of ingredient
sourcing have been relatively understudied. By
linking sourcing practices to ethical concerns,
this study contributes to a more holistic
understanding of the organic skincare industry
[97]. Interpreting the observed patterns, it
becomes evident that consumers' health is
intricately tied to the ethical choices made by
cosmetic companies. Ethically sourced
ingredients align with consumers' growing
awareness of sustainability and contribute to
the overall well-being of individuals using these
products [98]. Conversely, lax ethical standards
in ingredient sourcing pose potential risks to
consumer health and challenge the
presumed benefits associated with organic
skincare [99].
It is essential to recognize the complexity of the
cosmetics supply chain and the potential
influence of critical factors such as investigating
specific sourcing practices, exploring the
impact of certifications, and assessing
consumer awareness of ethical considerations
in skincare [100]. The findings of this study
emphasize the importance of transparent
ingredient-sourcing practices within the organic
skincare industry [101]. This knowledge is
pertinent for consumers making informed
choices and for industry stakeholders aiming to
cultivate trust and credibility. Theoretical
implications lie in integrating ethical dimensions
into existing frameworks for evaluating skincare
product attributes, providing a more
comprehensive model for industry analysis
[102].
This study elucidates the substantial
association between current sourcing practices
of ingredients in organic skincare cosmetics
and ethical concerns, ultimately influencing
consumer health. The finding reveals a critical
correlation between the geographical proximity
of organic skincare producers and cosmetic
consumers, indicating a heightened risk
associated with unethical and unsafe skincare
products [103]. This insight has profound
implications for consumer safety and ethical
considerations within the skincare industry. The
pronounced relationship between proximity and
increased risk is substantiated, suggesting that
as consumers approach the source of organic
skincare products, the likelihood of
encountering items with ethical and safety
concerns significantly rises [104]. This elevated
risk underscores the intricate interplay between
geographical location and the ethical standards
skincare producers uphold. Consumers
residing close to these producers face a
tangible impact on the safety and ethical
considerations associated with the skincare
products they use. Notably, the study accepts
Hypothesis 2, asserting that proximity to
organic skincare producers increases the risk
of being affected by product usage. The
empirical evidence resonates with the
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79
expectation that geographical proximity can
serve as a critical determinant of skincare
products' ethical and safety sector.
These findings have far-reaching
consequences for both consumers and industry
stakeholders. Consumers, particularly those
close to production centers, are urged to
exercise heightened diligence in scrutinizing
the ethical practices and safety standards of
the skincare products they choose [105].
Simultaneously, industry players are prompted
to recognize the geographical dimension as
crucial in shaping consumer perceptions of
product safety and ethical sourcing. The
study uncovers a compelling account—
geographical proximity to organic skincare
producers is intricately linked to an increased
risk of encountering skincare products with
ethical and safety concerns [106]. This
finding accentuates the need for a more than
subtle understanding of the geographical
dynamics influencing consumer health and
ethical considerations in the skincare
industry.
The study further explains the intricate
relationship between sourcing practices of
organic skincare ingredients and their
consequential impact on the ecological footprint
of these products [107]. The study reveals a
statistically significant connection between
sourcing practices and the ecological footprint,
suggesting that the environmental implications
extend beyond the immediate production phase
of organic skincare products. However, it's
crucial to note that the magnitude of this impact
indicates a subtle influence on the overall
ecological footprint [108]. The rejection of the
hypothesis, asserting a significant impact of
sourcing on the ecological footprint,
underscores the need for a balanced
understanding, as highlighted by Chen and
Wang [109]. This implies that, although a
relationship exists, it might be more nuanced
and less pronounced than initially assumed.
This insight has implications for both the
skincare industry and environmental
sustainability advocates. Industry stakeholders
may need to consider a holistic approach to
mitigating the environmental impact,
addressing factors beyond sourcing practices.
Environmental advocates, on the other hand,
might find the results an opportunity to
encourage comprehensive sustainability
practices rather than focusing solely on
sourcing.
The study prompts a thoughtful reflection on
the complex interplay between environmental
issues related to sourcing practices and the
resulting ecological footprint of organic skincare
products [110]. While present, the significance
of this relationship calls for a nuanced
understanding, recognizing the multifaceted
nature of environmental impacts within the
skincare industry. A compelling positive
correlation exists between the cost of sourcing
organic skincare ingredients and the likelihood
of small-scale producers compromising on
product safety and ethical standards [111]. This
study implies that as the cost of sourcing
organic skincare ingredients increases, there is
a pronounced tendency for small-scale
producers to compromise on both product
safety and ethical standards. The acceptance
of the hypothesis, asserting the significant role
of cost in ethical standards and accessibility to
organic skin care products, aligns with
empirical evidence [112] affirming economic
factors plays a pivotal role in shaping the
ethical dimensions of the products accessed by
consumers.
These findings hold implications for producers
and consumers within the organic skincare
industry. Small-scale producers may need to
strike a delicate balance between cost
considerations and aligning towards a robust
ethical and safety standard. Consequently,
consumers are encouraged to discern and
understand the potential trade-offs associated
with lower-cost organic skincare products. The
study provides robust evidence that the cost of
sourcing organic skincare ingredients is
intricately linked to the ethical standards upheld
by small-scale producers. This insight prompts
a nuanced consideration of the economic
factors influencing the ethical context of organic
skincare products, offering valuable guidance
for industry stakeholders and consumers alike
[113-116].
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDA-
TIONS
The study conducted a comprehensive
exploration of the organic skincare and
cosmetics industry, scrutinizing the sourcing
practices of ingredients and their subsequent
impact on consumer health, ethical
considerations, and environmental implications.
The research findings show the necessity for
increased transparency and ethical
accountability in sourcing practices. The study
Ajayi et al.; Asian J. Adv. Res. Rep., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 65-91, 2024; Article no.AJARR.111530
80
also highlights the correlation between the
geographical proximity of organic skincare
producers to consumers and the heightened
risk of encountering unethical and unsafe
products. This finding is critical, as it stresses
the need for vigilant quality control and ethical
oversight, especially for small-scale producers
who are directly accessible to consumers via
online platforms. Also, the research sheds light
on the environmental considerations related to
sourcing practices. Although the study
observed a relationship between sourcing
practices and ecological footprints, the impact
was found to be less significant than
anticipated. This suggests that a broader
approach encompassing various sustainability
aspects is essential to truly minimize the
environmental impact of organic skincare
products. Finally, the study reveals a strong
correlation between the cost of sourcing
ingredients and the tendency of small-scale
producers to compromise on product safety
and ethical standards. This points to a critical
challenge in balancing economic viability with
ethical and safety obligations in the skincare
industry.
The study recommends that industry regulators
should engage a holistic approach to regulating
the sustainability and sourcing of ingredients
used in the production of organic skin care
products, by encouraging sustainable farming
practices and implementing measures that
reduce the carbon footprint through local
sourcing (especially for small scale producers).
This study was limited in respect to data
collection which focused on the working-class
women demographic. While this group
provided valuable insights, it's important to note
that their perspectives may not fully represent
the broader population's views on organic
skincare and cosmetics. The focus on a
particular socioeconomic and gender group
limits the extent to which these findings can be
generalized to other demographics, including
men, other age groups, and different
socioeconomic classes. Also, the survey was
distributed through online platforms, which
might have influenced the type of respondents
who participated. Individuals with more access
to and familiarity with the internet and these
platforms might be overrepresented in the data.
This mode of distribution may have
inadvertently excluded potential respondents
who lack regular internet access or are not
active on these platforms, potentially biasing
the sample.
Further studies should be conducted to
examine the long-term health and
environmental impacts of organic skincare
ingredients, to provide deeper insights into the
sustainability of these products. Also, future
research should aim to include a more diverse
range of demographics, encompassing
different genders, age groups, and
socioeconomic backgrounds. This broader
inclusion would enable a more comprehensive
understanding of varying perspectives on
organic skincare and cosmetics, enhancing the
generalizability of the findings.
CONSENT
As per international standards or university
standards, respondents’ written consent has
been collected and preserved by the author(s).
COMPETING INTERESTS
Authors have declared that no competing
interests exist.
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APPENDIX
Section 1: Demographics
1. Age:
[ ] 20-25
[ ] 26-30
[ ] 31-35
[ ] 36-40
[ ] 41-45
Section 2: Sourcing Practices and Ethical Concerns (H1)
2. How often do you purchase organic skincare and cosmetics products?
[ ] Rarely
[ ] Occasionally
[ ] Often
[ ] Always
3. To what extent do you agree that the sourcing practices of ingredients in your organic skincare
products are transparent?
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Disagree
[ ] Neutral
[ ] Agree
[ ] Strongly Agree
4. How concerned are you about ethical issues (like fair trade, labor practices) in the production of
organic skincare products?
[ ] Not concerned
[ ] Slightly concerned
[ ] Moderately concerned
[ ] Very concerned
[ ] Extremely concerned
Section 3: Proximity of Producers to Consumers and Product Safety (H2)
5. Do you consider the geographical location of the producer when purchasing organic skincare
products?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
[ ] Sometimes
6. Do you feel that organic skincare products sourced locally are generally safer?
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Disagree
[ ] Neutral
[ ] Agree
[ ] Strongly Agree
7. Have you ever experienced adverse effects from using organic skincare products?
Ajayi et al.; Asian J. Adv. Res. Rep., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 65-91, 2024; Article no.AJARR.111530
90
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
8. Regarding any adverse effects you may have experienced from using organic skincare
products, please rate the severity of these effects
[ ] (No adverse effects experienced)
[ ] Mild (Barely noticeable and did not require any treatment)
[ ] Moderate (Noticeable but managed with over-the-counter treatment or self-care)
[ ] Severe (Required professional medical treatment or consultation)
[ ] Very Severe (Led to significant health issues or long-term effects)
Section 4: Environmental Impact of Sourcing Practices (H3)
9. How important is the environmental impact (like carbon footprint, biodiversity) of organic
skincare products to you?
[ ] Not important
[ ] Slightly important
[ ] Moderately important
[ ] Very important
[ ] Extremely important
10. Are you aware of the environmental implications of the ingredients used in your organic
skincare products?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
[ ] Somewhat
Section 5: Economic Considerations and Small-Scale Producers (H4)
11. How does the cost of organic skincare products influence your purchasing decisions?
[ ] Significantly
[ ] Moderately
[ ] Slightly
[ ] Not at all
12. Do you believe that small-scale producers of organic skincare products are more likely to
compromise on product safety?
[ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] Disagree
[ ] Neutral
[ ] Agree
[ ] Strongly Agree
Ajayi et al.; Asian J. Adv. Res. Rep., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 65-91, 2024; Article no.AJARR.111530
91
SPSS Result:
Age distribution
N
%
20-25years
197
28.1%
26-30years
227
32.4%
31-35years
127
18.1%
36-40Years
93
13.3%
41-45Years
56
8.0%
Question 2. How often do you purchase organic skincare and cosmetics products
N
%
Always
233
33.3%
Occasionally
260
37.1%
Often
104
14.9%
Rarely
64
9.1%
Others
39
5.6%
Question 6. Do you feel that organic skincare products sourced locally are generally
safer?
N
%
SA
201
28.7%
A
238
34.0%
N
151
21.6%
D
49
7.0%
SD
61
8.7%
Question 7: Have you ever experienced adverse effects from using organic
skincare products?
N
%
YES
403
57.6%
NO
297
42.4%
© 2024 Ajayi et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
Peer-review history:
The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here:
https://www.sdiarticle5.com/review-history/111530
