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High-Speed Railways in the BRICS Countries
Abstract
Today, about 59,000 km of specialised high-speed railway lines are in operation worldwide, about 20,000 km are under construction, and more than 50,000 km are planned to be commissioned. The maximum commercial speed of passenger trains has increased to 350 km/h. The world’s first high-speed freight trains have been designed and put into trial operation. Mastering advanced technologies in the field of high-speed railway transport, as before, is an indicator of the country’s development level. The construction of high-speed lines (HSL), along with others, solves an important problem on a global scale — it makes a significant contribution to environmental protection.
We used the materials of reports and papers published on foreign information platforms; the results of the research work of Russian scientists and engineers in the field of increasing train speeds.
In the BRICS countries, construction and design work on high-speed railways is underway, but given the unique conditions of each country, the pace of development is different. China is the leader of scientific progress in this sector of the railway industry, which attracts the attention of the world scientific community, including the Russian one.
In Russia, according to the Transport Strategy up to 2030 with a forecast for the period up to 2035, it is envisaged to develop a network of high-speed railway lines with the unification of the largest agglomerations of the European part of the country into zones of two-hour accessibility.
It is necessary to continue study and improve knowledge in the field of high-speed railway transport development.
в данной статье мы уделяем особое внимание дискурсивным и прагматическим аспектам речевого акта «намёк», представляющего собой сложное явление в коммуникации. Мы анализируем особенности использования «намёка» в различных ситуациях, его значение в общении и влияние на восприятие информации. «Намёк» служит для передачи скрытых смыслов, которые не всегда выражены явно. Исследование проводится с применением лингвистического, прагматического и дискурсивного анализа. Наши
основные выводы свидетельствуют о том, что «намёк» играет важную роль в межличностных отношениях, оказывая значительное влияние на взаимодействие собеседников. При интерпретации «намёка»
крайне важно учитывать контекст и намерения говорящего, чтобы понять скрытые послания.
With effect from January 1, 2024, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have become new members of the BRICS. Today, BRICS is an association of 10 countries that account for about 42 % of the world’s total population (2.8 billion people) and 27 % of the global GDP.
According to experts, a major focus is made on the association’s prospective economic potential and its expected share of the world’s economy. What seems interesting in the context of the continued economic growth is the research in the field of development of the transport industry in the BRICS countries.
Earlier, the BRICS Transport journal (Issue No. 2 (4), 2023) presented an overview of the state and progress of high-speed railway transport in the five BRICS founding countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and the Republic of South Africa). In connection with the expansion of the transnational association, it is proposed that the research should be extended. The authors used both findings of scholarly works in the field of railway transport development, and BRICS summit reports and presentations available on Russian and foreign information platforms.
The paper analyses the development of railway transport in the countries that have joined BRICS recently (Egypt, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, and Saudi Arabia), in particular, the prospects of development of express and high-speed rail services.
Objective: to study the change of passenger and freight traffic on the Oktyabrskaya Railway “main route — the way around” and to show the need to continue research, taking into account the construction in 2028 high-speed railway Moscow — St. Petersburg (HSR). Methods: analysis of published research results, study of the main regulatory documents, reports and other sources taking into account the reflection of the key tasks of the development of railway transport, including the HSR network, according to the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030 with a forecast until 2035. Results: it was found that after switching cargo traffic from the main route to the way around in Russia, tariffs and the delivery time of goods by rail have increased. With the growth of the total volume of container traffic towards the ports of the North-West, the goods are transported by road. There is a strong competition between Sapsan trains and air transport in the fight for passengers on the Moscow — St. Petersburg route. The upgraded railway track for the Sapsan speed service is operating at the capacity limit. This confirms the relevance of the construction of HSR in this route and makes it important of research of passenger and freight traffic on the Oktyabrskaya Railway “main route — the way around”. Practical importance: the use of research results will increase the competitiveness of railways in comparison with auto and airtransport in the Oktyabrskaya Railway “main route — the way around”.
The COVID-19 pandemic period in rail freight transportation in Russia is marked by indicators of rapid growth of transit traffic, export and import volumes, the average speed of transportation increase and delivery speed of transit container traffic. The positive dynamics point to the necessity of continuing research in the field of improving the quality of service in this sector of the railway industry.Information materials of transport and logistics companies services were used. The methods and technologies used to improve the quality of service in railway transport were analyzed: reducing the delivery time of goods, increasing the average delivery speed of transit container traffic, identifying the most demanded nomenclature of goods, increasing the total volume of transit container traffic in Russia.Currently, according to the approved Complex Plan of Modernization and Expansion of Mainline Infrastructure, by 2024 the estimated delivery time of transit container transportation across Russia in the West-East direction should be seven days, average delivery speed of transit container traffic should reach 1319 km/day, and the volume of transit container transportation should reach the level of 1656 thousand TEU (Twenty-foot equivalent unit). In this regard, it is necessary to develop a reliable methodology for determining the perspective volumes of container transportation in regular, express and high-speed trains with the identification of the most demanded nomenclature of cargo, taking into account the speed of delivery.
Purpose: To show mastering results for passenger transportation by rail and air kinds of transport on Moscow — St. Petersburg direction including ones at crisis 2020–2021, in particular: to analyze the dynamics of changes in passenger traffic of Sapsan trains and air traffic on Moscow — St. Petersburg route as well as of air passenger traffic of domestic air lines of Pulkovo Airport in pre-Covid, Covid and post-Covid periods; to develop mathematical model for passenger traffic forecast. Methods: Regression analysis. Results: The dynamics of passenger traffic changes of railway and air kinds of transport on Moscow-St. Petersburg direction for 2010 to 2019 period has been shown; mathematical model to forecast passenger traffic of being considered kinds of transport till 2022 has been developed; the tendencies for passenger traffic statistical data changes at Covid and post-Covid periods in comparison with expected (forecasted) values have been studied. Practical significance: Conclusion about the expediency of research continuation on passenger traffic forecast in unstable situation conditions in the country and the world as well as in the conditions of strong concurrence between being considered kinds of transport on Moscow — St. Petersburg direction has been made. The analysis results can be recommended for practical use.
Objective: To consider the prospects for the development of high-speed railway lines (VSM) in Russia. To analyze the fundamentals of “Updated program of high-speed railway communication on the territory of the Russian Federation” approved on November, 23rd 2015 by the decision of OAO “RZhD” board meeting and the social board on the issues of high-speed railway communication in Russia. To formulate the specificities of high-speed traffic organization: promising directions of high-speed headings realization before 2030, as well as the stages of their implementation in Russia. Methods: Multiple regression analysis, as well as the method of multi criterial decisions optimization was applied in the study. Results: The analysis of current and perspective headings was carried out, as well as such characteristics as speed and the running time of “Sapsan” high-speed trains and “Allegro”, “Strizh”, “Lastochka” rapid trains. Special attention was paid to the comparison of strategies given in “Updated program of high-speed railway communication on the territory of the Russian Federation” with the main scientific findings stated in VSM network formation part, obtained on the basis of complex approach to the solution of justification of VSM network formation stage-by-stage approach, taking into account multi criterial estimation of cities and regions’ potential and application of mathematical traffic flow model approach as part of basic regional socioeconomic indices of cities and regions, situated in the zones attractive for future VSM construction. Practical importance: The conclusion was made on the necessity to continue exploratory development in the sphere of topology specification research and stage-by-stage formation of the first VSM in Russia.
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Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of "History, philosophy, political science and sociology
- Igor P Kiselev
- Nikolai S Bushuev
- O Darina
Igor P. Kiselev, Nikolai S. Bushuev, Darina O. Shulman
High-Speed Railways in the BRICS Countries
Bionotes
Igor P. Kisеlev -Cand. Sci. (Philos.), Dr. Sci. (His.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of "History, philosophy,
political science and sociology", transport engineer; Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS);
Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of
- O Darina
- Shulman -Cand
- Sci
Darina O. Shulman -Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of "Railway Survey and
Design Department";
Изыскания и проектирование железных дорог», декан факультета «Транспортное строительство»; Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I (ПГУПС); 190031, г
- Николай Сергеевич Бушуев -Кандидат Технических Наук
- Кафедры
Николай Сергеевич Бушуев -кандидат технических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры «Изыскания и проектирование железных дорог», декан факультета «Транспортное строительство»; Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I (ПГУПС); 190031, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр., д. 9; SPIN-код:
6233-1680, РИНЦ ID: 530811, Scopus: 57194544847, ORCID: 0000-0002-4463-5257; 2009bushuev@rambler.ru;