Catalog of the Genus Bityle Pascoe, 1865 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Apomecynini) with the Description of Bityle oriens sp. nov. from Davao Oriental, Mindanao, Philippines

Abstract

This paper introduces Bityle oriens sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Apomecynini) from Boston, Province of Davao Oriental, Philippines. A catalog of the known species of the genus Bityle is also presented. Coleoptera expeditions need to be undertaken to discover more novel species, especially in the understudied islands of the Philippine archipelago.

Full text

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Catalog of the Genus Bityle Pascoe, 1865
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Apomecynini)
with the Description of Bityle oriens sp. nov.
from Davao Oriental, Mindanao, Philippines
Milton Norman D. Medina1,2,3, Amy G. Ponce3, and Jhonnel P. Villegas4,5
1Tropical Genomics Laboratory, University Research Complex,
Davao Oriental State University, City of Mati, 8200 Philippines
2National Museum of Natural History Philippines, Ermita, Manila, Philippines.
3Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Davao Oriental State University, City of Mati, 8200 Philippines
4Faculty of Teacher Education, Davao Oriental State University,
City of Mati, 8200 Philippines
5Center for Futures Thinking and Regenerative Development,
Davao Oriental State University, City of Mati, 8200 Philippines
This paper introduces Bityle oriens sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Apomecynini)
from Boston, Province of Davao Oriental, Philippines. A catalog of the known species of the
genus Bityle is also presented. Coleoptera expeditions need to be undertaken to discover more
novel species, especially in the understudied islands of the Philippine archipelago.
Keywords: beetles, flat-faced longhorns, Lamiini, longicorn, taxonomy
*Corresponding author: jhonnel.villegas@dorsu.edu.ph
The Philippines is among the world’s mega biodiversity
hotspots with rich faunal endemism and high species
composition (Heaney and Oliver 1996; FPE 2014).
Its high biodiversity indices are a consequence of the
country's biogeographical location in the tropical region,
including the isolation of many islands that are influential
to the evolution of endemic species (Acal et al. 2021).
Despite this well-established fact, threats to biodiversity
in the country are still prevalent, causing habitat loss
and species population decline (Tan et al. 2022). The
conversion of forests into agricultural landscapes is
among the biggest threats against Coleoptera species
(Medina et al. 2022).
Cerambycidae (long-horned) species in the Philippines are
mostly endemic; however, their ecology and distribution
across the archipelago remain understudied. Most of them
are congeneric to species found in the Malay peninsula,
Indonesian islands, and greater Southeast Asia, being
attributed to the biogeographical resemblance of these
regions (Hüdepohl 1990). With roughly 1500+ species
of Cerambycidae in the Philippines (Medina et al.
2023; Roques 2023), hundreds more are expected to
be discovered, particularly in the subfamily Lamiinae
including members of the tribe Apomecynini. The
Apomecynini is comprised of 1821 species (Roques
2023), many of which require revision given the scanty
data on species taxonomy and distribution. Several new
species have been described in recent years (Barševskis
2017). In this paper, additional data for the genus Bityle
Pascoe, 1865 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae:
Apomecynini) from the Municipality of Boston, Davao
Oriental, Mindanao Island, Philippines is presented.
Philippine Journal of Science
153 (1): 99-104, February 2024
ISSN 0031 - 7683
Date Received: 08 Nov 2023
RESEARCH NOTE

100
The municipality of Boston is part of the Eastern
Mindanao Biodiversity Corridor, a continuous stretch
of forest ecosystems that serve as a biological sanctuary
in the eastern part of Mindanao. This corridor is among
the country’s few remaining biological frontiers and
is a priority conservation area for its unique flora
and fauna (PEF/CIP/DENR 2008). The area is a
very important habitat for several endemic beetle
species, including Thopeutica rolandmuelleri Cassola
2000 and Calomera mindanaoensis Cassola 2000
(both Cicindelidae). However, at present, there is no
comprehensive record of the Coleoptera fauna in the area.
A novel Bityle species and the first catalog of the genus
is provided which can be a useful reference for policy
making and in boosting ecotourism in the province.
Collecting permits were secured from the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources Region XI Office
(DENR-XI) (WGP No. XI-2023-13). All specimens were
collected using hand netting and stored in vials with 70%
EtOH. Morphological characters were observed under the
Leica MZ 12.5 stereomicroscope. Habitus images were
taken using a Canon EOS 6D digital camera equipped with
an MP-E 65-mm macro lens mounted in StackShot macro
rail automated with Helicon Remote version 4.3.0.w. All
images were stacked using Helicon Focus version 8.1.1
and processed using a licensed Photoshop CS6 Portable
software version.
Measurements of the various body parts as follows: [LB]
length of the body from antennal support to apices of
clothed elytra; [WH] maximum width across the head
from the outer margin of a gena to that of another; [LG]
length of gena from upper margin to lower margin; [LL]
length of lower eye lobe from upper margin to lower
margin; [WL] maximum width across lower eye lobe; [LP]
length of pronotum from base to apex along midline; [WP]
maximum width across pronotum; [LE] length of elytra
from level of basal margins to apices of clothed elytra;
[WEH] width of elytra at humeri; / separates different lines
on a label; // separates different labels. All measurements
are given in millimeters (mm).
Comparative material and specimens used in this study
are deposited in the following collections:
[DOrSU] Davao Oriental State University Beetle
Collections, City of Mati, Philippines
[MMCP] Milton Medina Collections, Tagum
City, Philippines
[PNM] Philippine National Museum, Ermita,
Manila, Philippines
[SNSD] Senckenberg Naturhistorische
Sammlungen Dresden, Germany
Catalog
Subfamily Lamiinae
Tribe Apomecynini
Bityle Pascoe, 1865
Type-species: Bityle bicolor Pascoe, 1865 (by monotypy)
Bityle alboscutellaris (Heller, 1924)
[Type locality] Cylindroplocia alboscutellaris Heller,
1924: 206, 207, original combination, holotype female:
Philippines, Zamboanga, SNSD.
[Synonym] Cylindroplocia helleri Schwarzer, 1931: 76.
Holotype male: Philippines, Lanao del Norte, Momungan
Natur–Museum und Forschungs–Institut Senckenberg,
Frankfurt am Main (Weigel and Skale 2017).
[Distribution] Philippines (Mindanao: Lanao del Norte,
Momungan; Zamboanga). Bityle alboscutellaris (Heller)
transferred to Bityle by Weigel and Skale (2017).
Citations: Breuning (1960a: 147); Breuning (1964: 218);
Weigel and Skale (2017: 617, 618).
Bityle albostictica (Breuning, 1960)
[Type locality] Sybra (s.s.) albostictica Breuning, 1960,
original combination, Holotype: Philippines, Imugan,
Nueva Vizcaya, Museum für Naturkunde–Leibniz
Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin.
[Distribution] Philippines (Luzon: Imugan, Nueva
Vizcaya). Bityle albostictica (Breuning) transferred to
Bityle by Weigel and Skale (2017). Note: the type locality
is noted as “Innugan,” a misspelling; it is Imugan part
of Nueva Vizcaya, Cagayan Valley Region in Luzon.
Citations: Breuning (1960b: 480); Breuning (1964: 219);
Weigel and Skale (2017: 617, 619).
Bityle basimaculata (Heller, 1924)
[Type locality] Cylindroplocia basimaculata Heller,
1924: 206, 207, original combination, Holotype male:
Philippines, Los Banos, Laguna, C.F.Baker collection,
SNSD. Cylindrobityle basimaculata a. teres Heller,
1924, Holotype male: Philippines, Los Banos, C.F. Baker
collection, SNSD, nomen nudum.
[Distribution] Philippines (Luzon: Los Banos Laguna;
Sierra Madre Mountain Range, Isabela Province; Quirino,
Cagayan Valley Region). Bityle basimaculata (Heller)
original combination Cylindroplocia basimaculata
Heller, 1924 has been transferred to Bityle by Weigel
and Skale (2017). Citations: Breuning (1960a: 147);
Breuning (1964: 217, 218); Vives (2015: 50); Weigel
and Skale (2017: 617, 618).
Philippine Journal of Science
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101
Bityle bicolor (Pascoe, 1865)
[Type locality] Sybra (s. s.) bicolor m. alboscutellata
Breuning, 1958. Holotype male: Indonesia, Menado,
Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.
[Distribution] Indonesia (Moluccas: Sulawesi: Manado).
Bityle bicolor Pascoe, 1865. Weigel and Skale (2009)
validated the genus Bityle Pascoe, 1865 with B. bicolor
Pascoe, 1865 as the type species. Cylindroplocia Heller,
1924 (which was synonymized by Breuning (1960)
into the genus Sybra) and Bityle Pascoe, 1865 are
considered congeneric. Citations: Lacordaire (1872: 618);
Gemminger and von Harold (1873: 3106); Aurivillius
(1922: 302); Breuning (1958: 147); Breuning (1960a:
147); Breuning (1964: 216, 217); Cools (1993: 38); Weigel
and Skale (2009: 430); Weigel and Skale (2017: 617).
Bityle modesta (Heller, 1924)
[Type locality] Cylindroplocia modesta Heller, 1924:
207,208, syntypes: Philippines, Los Banos; Mindanao:
Zamboanga, SNSD. Sybra modestior Breuning, 1960:
223, misspelling.
[Distribution] Philippines (Luzon: Mt. Makiling, Los
Banos, Laguna; Mindanao: Zamboanga). Bityle modesta
(Heller), original combination Cylindroplocia modesta
Heller, 1924 has been transferred to Bityle by Weigel and
Skale (2017). Citations: Breuning (1960a: 148); Breuning
(1964: 223); Weigel and Skale (2017: 617, 619).
Bityle pseudobityle (Heller, 1924)
[Type locality] Cylindroplocia pseudobityle Heller, 1924:
206, 207, Holotype female: Philippines, Mt. Makiling,
Luzon, SNSD. Cylindroplocia pseudobitile ab. crucifera
Heller, 1924: 206, 207, Holotype female, Mt. Limay,
SNSD, nomen nudum.
[Distribution] Philippines (Luzon: Laguna; Catanduanes.
Visayas: Leyte. Mindanao). Bityle pseudobityle (Heller),
original combination Cylindroplocia pseudobityle Heller,
1924 has been transferred to Bityle by Weigel and Skale
(2017). Note: the type locality of Cylindroplocia pseudobitile
ab. crucifera Heller, 1924 Ride Limay may point to the
Municipality of Limay in Bataan, where a portion of the range
of Mt. Mariveles is located. Citations: Breuning (1960a: 147);
Breuning (1964: 217); Weigel and Skale (2017: 617, 618).
Taxonomy
Bityle oriens sp. nov.
Figure 1
HOLOTYPE male: PHILIPPINES – Mindanao, Davao
Oriental / Boston / 7.v.2023, 400 masl, J. Villegas,
V. Asaias leg. / MMCP, printed on red card. Type
specimen will be deposited at PNM. PARATYPE female:
PHILIPPINES – Mindanao, Davao Oriental / Boston /
7.v.2023, 400 masl, J. Villegas, V. Asaias leg. / DOrSU,
printed on red card. PARATYPE female: PHILIPPINES
– Mindanao, Davao Oriental / Cateel / Aliwagwag BAMS
Area, viii.2023, 600 masl, M. Medina leg. / DOrSU,
printed on red card.
[Description] Dimensions; holotype male: [LB] 8.0 mm,
[WH] 1.0 mm, [LL] 0.3 mm, [WL] 0.3 mm, [LP] 1.5 mm,
[WP] 1.5 mm, [LE] 5.5 mm, and [WEH] 2.2 mm. Paratype
female (from Boston): [LB] 9.5 mm, [WH] 1.5 mm, [LL]
0.3 mm, [WL] 0.3 mm, [LP] 1.8 mm, [WP] 1.8 mm, [LE]
6.5 mm, and [WEH] 2.5 mm.
[Adult male] Body, antennae, and legs matt black. [Head]
As long as wide; frons, genae, and clypeus densely covered
with whitish recumbent pubescence; vertex relatively wide
and deep. Eyes matt black, lower lobes as long as wide.
[Antenna] Matte black; scape slightly robust and shorter
than antennomere III; pedicle short; antennomere IV
longer than antennomere III; antennomeres VII and VIII
covered with white recumbent pubescence; underside of
antennae lined with black, erect setae, more pronounced
in antennomeres III–VII, antennomeres VIII–XI more
sparse.
[Prothorax] Pronotum matt black, as long as wide, highly
punctate randomly up to near apical and basal margins,
densely covered with white recumbent pubescence;
propleuron slightly bulging, tapering towards prosternum;
prosternum matt black, without punctation, densely
covered with white recumbent pubescence.
[Elytron] Matte black, densely covered with black
recumbent pubescence; more than twice longer than wide;
slender, slightly tapering towards apex; highly punctate,
punctures scattered randomly at the basal third towards
near elytral margin, uniform punctation in striae I–IV from
basal third and finer punctation towards the apex; with
four bands of white recumbent pubescence as follows:
small circular band at humeri, thick longitudinal band
at basal third not reaching suture, thick recurved band
at apical third not reaching suture, broad band near apex
from margin up to near suture (Figure 1A). Scutellum matt
black, covered with white recumbent pubescence. Apex
caudate with sutural spine.
[Leg] Trochanters matt black, protrochanter and
mesotrochanter raised, metatrochanter not raised;
profemur and mesofemur robust, metafemur elongated,
straight; tibia densely covered with white recumbent
pubescence, with yellowish pubescence at the apical third
towards apex; tarsi dorsal aspect covered with dense white
recumbent pubescence, yellowish at underside. Claw
simple, light brown.
Medina et al.: Catalog of the Genus Bityle Pascoe, 1865
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[Venter] Mesosternum, mesepisternum, metepisternum,
metasternum, mesepimeron, and abdominal ventrites
densely covered with white recumbent pubescence.
Metasternum finely punctate almost invisible due to dense
pubescence. Ventrite I broader than II, whereas ventrite V
broader than III and IV.
[Genitalia] Whole system of genitalia strongly curved
when viewed laterally. Parameres slightly bottle-shaped,
distinctly separated from each other, covered with long
soft erect yellowish setae; aedeagus strongly curved, apex
distinctly pointed, conical shaped. Endophallus more than
twice longer than aedeagus. Apex of tergites VII and VIII
lined with erect yellowish setae.
[Adult female] There is no morphological difference
between male and female, except the slight difference in
body size and a little broader band of white recumbent
pubescence on the elytra of the female.
[Differential diagnosis] This new species is distinct from
its congeners based on the following characteristics: B.
oriens sp. nov. with circular band of white recumbent
pubescence at the tip of humeral angle (vs. circular white
band near elytral suture in B. basimaculata). Bityle oriens
sp. nov. pronotum without two longitudinal lines (vs. with
two longitudinal lines in B. alboscutellaris). Bityle oriens
sp. nov. with maculae in humeri (vs. no maculation in B.
pseudobityle). The other Bityle species (B. bicolor) has
broad white pubescence in its elytra, whereas B. modesta
has no elytral maculation.
[Etymology] The species is named from the Latin
oriens, which means orient or east. This refers to the
province of Davao Oriental from where the species was
discovered. The type locality, Boston, is one of the east
coast municipalities of the province of Davao Oriental.
[Distribution] Philippines: Mindanao (Davao Oriental,
Municipality of Boston).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Our gratitude to Davao Oriental State University (DOrSU)
Research, Innovation, and Extension (RIE) Division
for the funding during expeditions, especially to Dr.
Figure 1. Habitus of Bityle oriens Medina sp. nov.: [A] holotype male,
dorsal aspect; [B] paratype female, dorsal aspect; [C] frons
of male holotype; [D] lateral aspect, male holotype.
Figure 2. Genitalia of Bityle oriens Medina sp. nov. holotype
male. [A–C] Whole system of genitalia: [A] ventral
aspect, [B] lateral aspect, [C] and dorsal aspect. [D–
F] Aedeagus: [D] ventral aspect, [E] dorsal aspect,
and [F] lateral aspect. [G–I] Parameres: [G] dorsal
aspect, [H] lateral aspect, and [I] ventral aspect. [J]
7th tergite. [K] 8th tergite.
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Roy G. Ponce, Dr. Misael B. Clapano, Ms. Vanessa E.
Asaias, and Mr. Angelo S. Caminong. To Dr. Francesco
Vitali (Luxemburg) and Dr. Eduard Vives (Spain) for the
valuable comments regarding the identity of the species.
To Stan Cabigas for the comparative material. To Mattias
Forshage for the warm assistance during the first author’s
visit at Naturhistorika Riksmuseet Stockholm Sweden.
To Jose (Sir Toto) Letchoncito Jr. for the assistance in
acquiring our gratuitous permit at DENR-XI. To our
friends at the DENR and the Local Government Unit
of Boston who helped during the expedition: Ruben T.
Teneza Jr., Christian Loyd A. Jarencio, Nheñalyn B.
Bautista, Daylano S. Balante, Shiela M. Quibo, Emelyn
E. Espiritouso, Roel B. Dagandan, Wennie G. Amasig,
Roselyn L. Cabatlao, Roland O. Aguimlod, John Vincent
B. Manzano, Ramonito A. Lintadanan, Jaranilla G.
Tenorio, Merlinda T. Espiritouso, and Azy A. Berbecho.
To the anonymous reviewers for the valuable comments.
NOTES ON APPENDICES
The complete appendices section of the study is accessible
at https://philjournsci.dost.gov.ph
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