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The Role of Exterior Paints in Enhancing Energy Efficiency: An Analysis of Buildings in Cities
Abstract
Energy efficiency has become a significant issue in the construction industry today. Reducing the energy consumption of buildings is a crucial step to provide environmental sustainability and economic advantages. In this context, the impact of exterior paints on energy efficiency is being examined to determine how they can be used to reduce the energy consumption of structures. A study conducted in the cities of Ankara, Antalya, Istanbul, Izmir, Kars, Kayseri, Konya, Mersin, and Tokat has developed a model for energy efficiency analysis. In this study, the absorptance values of external facades for each city were adjusted to 0.1, 0.4, and 0.7 using different types of paints. The building under investigation was chosen to have a U-value of 0.28 W/(m² °C) and an R-value of 20 h.ft²°F/Btu. Building models with these paint values were created using the Energy 3D program, and separate analyses were conducted to evaluate them.
The aim of the study is to examine the impact of colors used in exterior paints on the energy efficiency of buildings in cities. Therefore, models were created using different absorptance values of paints. The results obtained were evaluated separately for each city. Analyses revealed differences in energy consumption for buildings painted with different types of paint. Exterior facades with low absorptance values reflect sunlight and keep the interior temperature low, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and reducing energy consumption. Energy efficiency analyses conducted for Ankara, Antalya, Istanbul, Izmir, Kars, Kayseri, Konya, Mersin, and Tokat have revealed the potential for energy savings by using different absorption values (0.1, 0.4, 0.7) for exterior paint colors in these cities. These findings can be considered a crucial factor in the selection of colors for exterior paints to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings and to achieve sustainability goals in the respective regions.
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Developing countries in hot climate regions such as Saudi Arabia have witnessed rapid population growth, which has led to greater resource consumption as a result of the increased demand for new buildings. This research proposes a multi-objective evaluation of the potential green engineering solutions to conserve energy using a building within the ROSHN housing project, which is one of the mega projects in Saudi Arabia, as a case study for this paper with the aid of simulation software, taking into consideration the context of the sustainability concept. The results showed that traditional passive architectural design, whether courtyards or Mashrabiya, had the nearly greatest influence, with percentages ranging from −4% to −5.15% for varied parameters and designs compared to the base case energy usage. Furthermore, energy efficiency solutions for the building envelope’s external insulation and finish system (EIFS) enabled a drop in the U-value that lowered energy usage to −5.40%. However, the wall insulation thickness beyond 300 mm in this system has no substantial influence on energy savings. This research’s most clear finding is that a P2P system for PV panels on a district scale can supply enough energy to meet its needs after implementing the optimal strategy of the other proposed solutions.
Buildings’ energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are a major global concern. Healthcare buildings, being crucial to society, pose particular challenges due to their round-the-clock operation and stringent hygiene standards. This paper comprehensively reviews existing literature to promote energy-efficient and comfortable healthcare buildings. The research explores both passive measures, such as orientation, materials, and daylight, and active measures, including Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning systems, energy management, and renewable resources. The paper emphasizes the critical role of user behavior in conserving energy and outlines how factors like building size, operation hours, and climate can impact resource consumption. It highlights the importance of solar power as a prominent renewable energy source. It offers design and retrofitting options to enhance healthcare buildings and addresses the lack of research on small-scale healthcare buildings. The paper emphasizes maintaining a balance between user comfort and energy reduction, involving diverse stakeholders, and exploring benchmarks, automated shading, geothermal sources, local materials, and their impact on carbon emissions. This review aims to contribute to environmentally responsible and socially resilient healthcare infrastructure and provide insights for future challenges in creating energy-efficient healthcare buildings.
This study aims to examine the current status of Turkey’s energy consumption and energy performance system and draw improvements. To this aim, this study adopted a qualitative research method. A literature review was conducted regarding the problems related to the EPC system. Following this, a series of research questions were derived, and answers were sought through expert group interviews. The problems were categorized into three headings: the EPC system and calculation problems, problems in the regulation and inspection process and, finally, the perspective on the construction industry to the EPC system is examined in the case of Turkey. Deficiencies in the rating system and calculation, regulation and inspection, and perspective of the EPC system in Turkey were identified. Suggestions for the development of EPC in Turkey were made to make it comparable with the systems in EU countries. As one of the outcomes of the study, Turkey should focus on the use of renewable energy, taking into account its geographical advantage. In addition, a more detailed micro-zoning that focuses on regional differences should be carried out, and the authorities should introduce a better control mechanism for the EPC system.
Adopting a multiscale approach is crucial for optimizing urban and building performance, prompting inquiries about the link between a technology’s local efficiency (building scale) and its broader impact (city-wide). To investigate this correlation and devise effective strategies for enhancing building and city energy performance, we experimentally examined a commercial nano-ceramic Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) on a small-scale building and assessed numerically its influence on mitigating Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) at a city scale, translated in our case by the use of the thermal comfort index: the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Our results reveal that the coating significantly curbs heat transfer locally, reducing surface temperatures by over 50 ∘C compared to traditional roofs and attenuating more than 70% of heat flux, potentially alleviating air conditioning demands and associated urban heat effects. However, implementing such coatings across a city does not notably advance overall efficiency and might trigger minor overheating on thermal perception. Hence, while nano-ceramic coatings indirectly aid UHI mitigation, they are not a standalone fix; instead, an integrated strategy involving efficient coatings, sustainable urban planning, and increased vegetation emerges as the optimal path toward creating enduringly sustainable, pleasant, and efficient urban environments to counter urban heat challenges effectively.
This paper investigates the thermal performance of green roofs, cool roofs, and their combined effects in tropical climates. Although each technology has been studied independently for its potential to reduce cooling energy consumption in buildings, their combined effects have not been thoroughly examined in tropical climates. The study employed experimental and numerical methods, demonstrating that combining green and cool roofs can lead to even greater cooling energy savings. The research involved fabricating four identical cubicles made of mild steel sheets and placing them in an open space for testing under two operational conditions: closed window and open window/door. The combined green and cool roof technology achieved a temperature difference reduction of 4.14 °C compared to the original roof under the closed window and door state, with green and cool roofs achieving 0.72 °C and 0.79 °C, respectively. Combining green and cool roofs led to even more significant cooling energy savings, with 53.57 kWh energy savings compared to 20.1 kWh and 3.68 kWh for combined, green, and cool cubicles, respectively. The study found that combining green and cool roofs led to even more significant cooling energy savings, with 53.57 kWh energy savings compared to 20.1 kWh and 3.68 kWh for combined, green, and cool cubicles, respectively. The research suggests that combining these technologies can lead to greater cooling energy savings and highlights the potential benefits of green and cool roofs for tropical climates.
Space heating and cooling consume ~13% of global energy every year. The development of advanced materials that promote energy savings in heating and cooling is gaining increasing attention. To thermally isolate the space of concern and minimize the heat exchange with the outside environment has been recognized as one effective solution. To this end, here, we develop a universal category of colorful low-emissivity paints to form bilayer coatings consisting of an infrared (IR)-reflective bottom layer and an IR-transparent top layer in colors. The colorful visual appearance ensures the aesthetical effect comparable to conventional paints. High mid-infrared reflectance (up to ~80%) is achieved, which is more than 10 times as conventional paints in the same colors, efficiently reducing both heat gain and loss from/to the outside environment. The high near-IR reflectance also benefits reducing solar heat gain in hot days. The advantageous features of these paints strike a balance between energy savings and penalties for heating and cooling throughout the year, providing a comprehensive year-round energy-saving solution adaptable to a wide variety of climatic zones. Taking a typical midrise apartment building as an example, the application of our colorful low-emissivity paints can realize positive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning energy saving, up to 27.24 MJ/m2/y (corresponding to the 7.4% saving ratio). Moreover, the versatility of the paint, along with its applicability to diverse surfaces of various shapes and materials, makes the paints extensively useful in a range of scenarios, including building envelopes, transportation, and storage.
The various colors and color combinations in an urban environment are perceived and experienced individually. The article indicates the important role of color in shaping architecture and urban space. The paper discusses the theories of color harmony as an aesthetic principle in architectural design. The results of the research have proven the significant role of color as an element of the composition of urban space affecting the observer. This translates into the importance of color in architectural design, taking into account the difficulty and ambiguity in predicting color aesthetics; the impact of color on humans; and its cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects. The information and conclusions obtained as a result of the literature studies and the results of the survey gave the basis for determining various color strategies in shaping architecture and the effects that we can achieve in urban space thanks to a well-thought-out, conscious use of colors. The research findings also indicate that it is necessary to supplement architectural education programs with broadly understood knowledge about color and its impact on humans. The implemented activities are a response to current ideas and directions in designing and teaching architectural design outlined and suggested as part of the New European Bauhaus initiative.
Recently, various parts of the world are being affected by different climate change incidents causing hindrances to day-to-day activities. The concept of constructing sustainable buildings has gained traction as climate change and other risks increase, allowing them to endure future natural or artificial disasters while maintaining functionality. As facade building materials are impacted considerably by climate change due to exposure to various such conditions, the focus of this study is to identify the climate change impacts on facade building materials. A qualitative research method with an interview research design was used for the study. Twelve semi-structured expert interviews by selecting the experts through the judgmental sampling method were undertaken along with a detailed analysis of the literature. The gathered data were evaluated using software-assisted thematic content analysis. According to the results, climate change has a substantial impact on facade building materials, despite the fact that few governments, particularly those in developing nations, have given considerable attention. Moreover, these identified impacts on facade building materials from climate change have the potential to cause catastrophic occupational health and safety risks for facade maintenance workers which also should be gained more consideration in the world as per the findings of this study in order to create a safer working environment for the workers to carry out their activities. Additionally, the research techniques used in this study can be expanded to cover a variety of other potential building materials and operations. As a result, this research is focused on a new subject matter that must be given more concern by researchers, because of its significance in the current global settings.
In recent times, there has been a notable increase in attention towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of energy security. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the incorporation of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy, into the existing power system. However, the integration of this system hinders the reliable and steady running of the grid due to many operational and control challenges. Several challenges exist, including generation uncertainty, voltage and angular stability, power quality issues, reactive power support, and fault ride-through capabilities. The electricity produced by renewable energy sources (RESs) exhibits fluctuations due to meteorological phenomena beyond human control, such as wind speed and sunlight intensity. Energy storage systems (ESSs) play a crucial role in mitigating volatility by effectively storing excess electricity generated and facilitating its availability when needed. This study utilises the MATLAB/Simulink programme to develop an optimised configuration model for the wind hybrid power storage system.
