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Paper Title:
Road Network Connectivity in Supporting IKN NUSANTARA (The New
National Capital City) Development in East Kalimantan Indonesia
by :Untag Samarinda Indonesia Team 1
1 st WORLD STUDENT CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL YOUTH
RESEACHER COMPETITION AND EXHIBITION
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
Supervising Lecturer : Dr. Ir. Tukimun., ST., MT
Student Team :
1. Chitia Agustina Wulandari
2. Hendardi Reza Prasetya
3. Didik Darmanto
Background
The relocation of the National Capital City of Indonesia from Jakarta to East Kalimantan
Province, precisely in North Penajam Paser and Kutai Kartanegara Regency is an ambition
manifestation to reduce the gap of several regions in Indonesia (West, Central & East) from
development equality, regional economy and regional development.
The Central and Western Regions have a fairly high economic growth ratio compared to
Eastern Indonesia, also better infrastructure fulfillment compared to eastern part of
Indonesia.
Required efforts to prepare facilities and infrastructure to support the continuity of regions
connectivity in East Kalimantan to the IKN Nusantara area.
Mapping regional connectivity so that there are no gaps among the regions in East
Kalimantan towards the IKN Nusantara area as the Central Point of Indonesia.
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
1 st WORLD STUDENT CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL YOUTH RESEACHER COMPETITION AND EXHIBITION
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
Research Question
How to determine the strategic nodes of the
road network in East Kalimantan towards the
IKN Development Location?
How is the connectivity and accessibility of the
Road Network in East Kalimantan towards the
IKN Development Location?
How is the development pattern of the road
network in supporting connectivity and regional
development in IKN Nusantara?
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
1 st WORLD STUDENT CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL YOUTH RESEACHER COMPETITION AND EXHIBITION
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
Research Objective
Obtain the strategic nodes of the road network
in East Kalimantan towards the IKN
Development Location
Analyze the connectivity and accessibility of the
Road Network in East Kalimantan towards the
IKN Development Location
Obtain the development pattern of road network
in supporting connectivity and regional
development in IKN Nusantara?
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
1 st WORLD STUDENT CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL YOUTH RESEACHER COMPETITION AND EXHIBITION
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
“Civilization
Axis ”
OUTER
RING ROAD
INNER
RING ROAD
INTERPROVINCIAL
ROAD NETWORK
CONNECTIVITY
ACCESSIBILITY
LOCAL CULTURE
AREA DEVELOPMENT
MULTI MARKET PLACE
CITY IN THE FOREST
(68% GREEN AREA)
LIMITATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT IN ORR
Design
Concept
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
DESIGN CONCEPT
1 st WORLD STUDENT CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL YOUTH RESEACHER
COMPETITION AND EXHIBITION
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
BB
Multi Market Place
connectivity
graph method,
alpha, beta index
Connectivity,
Regional
Development
Patriotika, F (2020)
connectivity
graph method,
alpha, beta
index
Quality Assessment of
Main Road Network
Connectivity of
Padangsidimpuan by
Using the Special
Matrix Method
Connectivity
Road network
performance
Kharismawaty, J (2020)
Analysis of Air
Transportation
Connectivity between
Provincial Capitals in
Indonesia
connectivity,
graph
method,
alpha, beta
indices
Air
transportation
Cost-Benefit Estimation
of Road Network
Development Supporting
Local Connectivity in
Baubau
Ibrahim, F. (2015)
Cost Benefit
Connectivity
Regional
Development,
accessibility index
connectivity
Subechi, N. (2018)
Identification of
Planning &
Development Areas
Based on Regional
Grouping and Urban
Hierarchy of Kersana
regional
cluster village
typology
Regional
development
AHP,
accessibility
Junaidi (2022)
EAST KALIMANTAN
TRANS ROAD NETWORK
CONNECTIVITY IN
SUPPORTING IKN
DEVELOPMENT
Connectivity
matrix
accessibility index
alpha index beta index
regional
development
Multi Market Place
LITERATURE
REVIEW
Inter-regional Road
Network
Development
(Shortcut)
There are several
literature studies that
underlie the conducted
research.
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
Methodology
Data Analysis Method
1. Road Network Connectivity
The method used to answer the first Research
Question is to use the theory of Connectivity Index
and Connectivity Matrix. The first step that must be
done is to analyze the Cyclomatic Number of a city.
Cyclomatic number is an analysis of how each city
has an origin and destination that allows to form a
circle. Then it can be found how many possibilities of
the forming circle in that city (Kuswati & Herawati,
2017).
𝜷 = 𝒆
𝒗 (1)
Where:
e = number of links or roads
v = number of nodes or vertices
The beta index is used for calculating the complexity of
a network. The beta index is between 0 and 3, the
higher the beta value, the more complex the network
will be.
2. Connectivity Matrix
The connectivity matrix is created based on the
study nodes, the following is an illustration of the
connectivity matrix formation based on the 10
nodes, and 13 roads.
Baris/
Kolom
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
3
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
6
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
8
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
The road network accessibility analysis used
in this study is using the Interzone
Accessibility Index number obtained by the
following formula (Kuswati & Herawati, 2017b);
A=DV/RV (2)
Where:
A= accessibility index between i and j zones
Dv= actual path distance via the shortest
highway from the origin zone to the
destination zone
Rv= straight line distance.
If the comparing number or ratio is smaller
(closer to 1), it means that the existing road
network provides good accessibility for travel
movements, in the other hand if the comparing
number or ratio is greater, then the existing road
network has a low level of accessibility.
3. Accessibility Index
Node 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 0 16 16 812 812 16 12 4
216 016 812 812 16 12 4
316 16 0 8 12 812 16 12 4
4 8 8 8 0 6 4 6 8 6 2
512 12 12 6 0 6 9 12 9 3
6 8 8 8 4 6 0 6 8 6 2
712 12 12 6 9 6 0 12 9 3
816 16 16 812 812 012 4
912 12 12 6 9 6 9 12 0 3
10 4 4 4 2 3 2 3 4 3 0
Calculation Example (5 x 7)
Number of columns 5:
0+1+0+1+0+0+0+1+0+0 = 3
Number of rows 7:
0+1+0+0+0+0+0+1+1+0 = 3
Hence, 5 columns x 7 rows = 3 x 3 = 9
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
Results and Discussion
1. Strategic Nodes of the East Kalimantan Road Network towards the IKN
Position
β= e/(2v-5)
Where;
e = number of circuits = 8
V = number of nodes or vertices = 5
β= 8/(2(5)-5)
β= 8/(10-5)
β= 1,6
The alpha index is 0 to 1, the higher the alpha value, the more well-connected
the network is.
α= e/(3(v-2))
Where;
e = number of roads/circuits
V = number of nodes/vertices
α= 8/(3 x 3)
α= 0.8
node 1
node 2
node 4
node 5
circuit 1
circuit 2
circuit 5
circuit 4
circuit 3
circuit 6
circuit 7
circuit 8
node 3
Based on the calculation, an alpha index of 0.8 is obtained, which means that almost all roads are well-
connected. Meanwhile, when assessed based on the beta index, the complexity of the road network in
East Kalimantan still tends to be non complex with an index value of 1.6. This is possible because there
are still some segments/circuits and nodes that are not yet connected. To find out the need to improve
connectivity, it is necessary to analyze it through a connectivity matrix.
2. Connectivity and Accessibility of Outer Ring Road of IKN Area
Results and Discussion
Node 1 Batu Aji (South
Kalimantan Boundary)
Average Conn: 22,53
Node 2 Kerang (South Kalimantan
Boundary)
Average Conn: 22,53
Node 3 Kuaro
Average Conn: 52,44
Node 4 PPU
Average Conn: 21,28
Node 5 Kariangau Port
Average Conn: 22,53
Node 6 Semayang Port
Average Conn: 22,53
Node 7 Balikpapan City
Average Conn: 53,51
Node 8 Loa Janan
Average Conn: 37,77
Node 9 Tenggarong City Boundary
Average Conn: 51,46
Node 10 Tenggarong City
Average Conn: 22,53
Node 11 Sp. Bangun City
Average Conn: 53,51
Node 12 Bangun City
Average Conn: 21,30
Node 13 Blusuh
Average Conn: 52,62
Node 15 Tukuq (Center
Kalimantan Boundary)
Average Conn: 22,53
Node 14 Sendawar
Average Conn: 22,53
ZERO POINT
IKN NUSANTARA
Based on the total connectivity matrix of National roads around IKN, it is known that the
most connections occur at node 3, node 7, node 9, node 11 and node 13. This
indicates that these nodes have a very important role in the East Kalimantan National
road network, especially those around IKN. Therefore, accessibility to and from IKN at
these nodes needs to be ensured, so that it can support the development of IKN as well
as partner regions in an integrated manner.
From the carried out analysis, the second objective of this study was to
analyze the connectivity and accessibility of the Outer Ring Road of the IKN
Area. According to the analyzed nodes, Nodes 3 and 7 are relatively
accessible road network component nodes. The accessibility index of
nodes 3 and 7 is still relatively close to 1 compared to other nodes, which
indicates that nodes 3 and 7 have an effective distance. Meanwhile, node
9, node 11 and node 13 have very high accessibility index values. This
indicates that the distance and travel time are not yet effective.The result
of the comparison shows the level of accessibility of the existing road
network performance. If the comparing number or ratio is getting smaller
(closer to 1), it means that the existing road network provides fairly good
accessibility for travel movements, otherwise if the comparing number or
ratio is getting bigger, then the existing road network has a low level of
accessibility.
These results indicate that node 9, node 11 and node 13 are road network
nodes/components that need better connection to IKN. Therefore, the
direction of the road network development pattern is focused towards node
9, node 11 and node 13.As a network that can run cyclically, a circular
pattern is highly recommended in this road network development.
Node
Actual
Distance
(km)
Direct
Distance
(km)
Estimated
Travel
Time
(Hours)
Direct
Travel
Time
(Hours)
Accessibility
Based on
Distance
Accessibility
Based on
Travel Time
3
153
118
3.06
2.36
1.30
1.30
7
84.5
55.3
1.69
1.11
1.53
1.53
9
131
64.8
2.62
1.30
2.02
2.02
11
180
71.8
3.6
1.44
2.51
2.51
13
350
117
7
2.34
3.0
3.0
Regional Strategic Nodes based on Central Place Theor y (Walter Christaller (Germany))
QUALITATIVE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS ON IKN
DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION
Consideration Aspects of Road Network
Development
IKN Development Orientation
Defense and Security Multi Marketplace
Food Security
•Trade Routes Observation
•Reducing "Blind Spots“
•Diplomatic Military Position
•People's Economy and Tourism
•Renewable Energy
•Technology and Education
•Food Industry
•National Food Barn
•Sustainable Agriculture
Outer Ring Road Node System
Connectivity
Connected Not Connected
Gusig
Shortcut to IKN
Samarinda
Tukuq Senoni
Balikpapan
Results and Discussion
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
1 st WORLD STUDENT CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL YOUTH RESEACHER
COMPETITION AND EXHIBITION
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
Results and Discussion
3. Development of Road Network Patterns (Shortcut) in Supporting Connectivity and Regional Development around IKN
Senoni
The road distance
from IKN to Senoni
is 173 km, with a
straight distance of
63.71 km. The
accessibility index
obtained is 2.715.
Muara Gusik
The road distance
from IKN to Muara
Gusik is 274 km, with
a straight distance of
48.68 km. The
accessibility index
obtained is 5.628
Tukuq
The road distance
from IKN to Tukuq is
445 km, with a straight
distance of 110.24 km.
The accessibility index
obtained is 4.036
Node Actual
Distance
(km)
Direct
Distance
(km)
Estimated
Travel
Time
(Hours)
Direct
Travel
Time
(Hours)
Accessibility
Based on
Distance
Accessibility
Based on
Travel Time
Senoni 62.2 60.9 1.244 1.218 1.02 1.02
Muara Gusik 98.8 55 1.976 1.10 1.80 1.80
Tukuq 141 108 2.82 2.16 1.31 1.31
WITHOUT
SHORTCUT WITH SHORTCUT
S1: Tukuq (Center
Kalimantan Boundary)
Average Conn: 30,30
S2: Blusuh
Average Conn: 44,51
S3: Gusig
Average Conn: 40,52
S4: Bangun City
Average Conn: 40,52
S5: Senoni
Average Conn: 44,51
S6: Loa Janan
Average Conn: 30,30
S1: Tukuq (Center
Kalimantan Boundary)
Average Conn: 42,95
S2: Blusuh
Average Conn: 42,95
S3: Gusig
Average Conn: 50,53
S4: Bangun City
Average Conn: 39,30
S5: Senoni
Average Conn: 53,78
S6: Loa Janan
Average Conn: 26,13
S7 IKN area Boundary
Average Conn: 26,13
S8 IKN area Boundary
Average Conn: 25,26
S9 IKN area Boundary
Average Conn: 25,26
S7: IKN area
Boundary
Average Conn: 0,00
S8: IKN area
Boundary
Average Conn: 0,00
S9: IKN area
Boundary
Average Conn: 0,00
NATIONAL ROAD NETWORK SYSTEM IN KALIMANTAN ISLAND
Description: PKN
PKW
PKSN
IKN
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
Conclusion
Based on the total connectivity matrix of National roads around IKN in East Kalimantan, it is known
that the most connections occur at 5 out of 26 nodes. This indicates that some nodes have a very
important role in the East Kalimantan National road network, especially those around IKN. Therefore,
accessibility from and to IKN at these nodes needs to be ensured, so that it can support the
development of IKN as well as partner regions in an integrated manner.
Among the nodes tested in this study, Nodes 3 and 7 are relatively accessible road network
component nodes compared to node 9, node 11 and node 13. The accessibility index of nodes 3 and
7is still relatively close to 1 compared to other nodes, which indicates that nodes 3 and 7 have an
effective distance. Meanwhile, node 9, node 11 and node 13 have very high accessibility index values.
This indicates that the distance and travel time are not effective. The results of the comparison show
the level of accessibility of the existing road network performance.
The concept of developing a new road network to several areas such as Senoni (Kutai Kartanegara
Regency), Gusig (West Kutai Regency) and Tukuq (Central Kalimantan Province Border). These three
areas were chosen because they have potential resources and local culture which of course also
consider the potential for regional development and new economic growth areas. The results of the
analysis show that the addition of shortcuts to IKN from these three areas can improve the
connectivity and accessibility of the road network around IKN relatively significantly.
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023
1 st WORLD STUDENT CONFERENCE, INTERNATIONAL YOUTH RESEACHER COMPETITION AND EXHIBITION
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, October 22-27, 2023