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Assessing climate change and its impact on kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) production in the Eastern Himalayan Region of India through a combined approach of people perception and meteorological data

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Nirmal Patra at Nagaland University
Nirmal Patra
Tapi Rilung
Tapi Rilung
Tapi Rilung
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Lalu Das
Lalu Das
Lalu Das
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Pavan Kumar S T at Central Agricultural University
Pavan Kumar S T
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Abstract and Figures

Under global warming and climate change (CC), the vulnerable piece of land is India’s Eastern-Himalayan-Region (EHR), where millions’ livelihood activities are at risk. Quantifying the degree of CC-induced vulnerability over the highly climate-sensitive mountain zone is challenging due to data inadequacy. This paper attempted to assess the CC perception of kiwifruit growers under EHR and the impact of CC on its cultivation. Perceived and scientific data were used for accurate decision-support information. The climatic variables of two locations were analyzed for trend using Mann–Kendall’s test. Results suggested that the rainfall trend was found non-significant for both locations, but there was a negative trend during winter for Pasighat and during all seasons for Itanagar. Maximum temperature exhibited an increasing trend for annual, and minimum temperature showed an increasing trend across seasons for the Pasighat region. For the Itanagar region, the maximum temperature was found to have a significantly increasing trend in all seasons, while the minimum temperature showed an increasing trend during winter and annual seasons. Morning relative humidity showed an increasing trend for annual data for Pasighat, while annual evening relative humidity was significantly increased for Itanagar. The study shows that the indigenous farming communities were following shifting cultivation and diversifying their traditional agriculture to kiwifruit cultivation as an adaptation strategy. The community had a clear perception of CC trends and an inadequate perception of the impact on agriculture, therefore, engaging indigenous communities and other stakeholders to postulate a comprehensive adaptation and mitigation strategy for CC. Graphical Abstract
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Theoretical and Applied Climatology (2024) 155:2347–2364
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04793-7
RESEARCH
Assessing climate change andits impact onkiwi (Actinidia
deliciosa Chev.) production intheEastern Himalayan Region
ofIndia throughacombined approach ofpeople perception
andmeteorological data
N.K.Patra1· TapiRilung2· LaluDas3· PavanKumar4
Received: 4 July 2023 / Accepted: 8 December 2023 / Published online: 8 January 2024
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2024
Abstract
Under global warming and climate change (CC), the vulnerable piece of land is India’s Eastern-Himalayan-Region (EHR),
where millions’ livelihood activities are at risk. Quantifying the degree of CC-induced vulnerability over the highly cli-
mate-sensitive mountain zone is challenging due to data inadequacy. This paper attempted to assess the CC perception of
kiwifruit growers under EHR and the impact of CC on its cultivation. Perceived and scientific data were used for accurate
decision-support information. The climatic variables of two locations were analyzed for trend using Mann–Kendall’s test.
Results suggested that the rainfall trend was found non-significant for both locations, but there was a negative trend during
winter for Pasighat and during all seasons for Itanagar. Maximum temperature exhibited an increasing trend for annual,
and minimum temperature showed an increasing trend across seasons for the Pasighat region. For the Itanagar region, the
maximum temperature was found to have a significantly increasing trend in all seasons, while the minimum temperature
showed an increasing trend during winter and annual seasons. Morning relative humidity showed an increasing trend for
annual data for Pasighat, while annual evening relative humidity was significantly increased for Itanagar. The study shows
that the indigenous farming communities were following shifting cultivation and diversifying their traditional agriculture
to kiwifruit cultivation as an adaptation strategy. The community had a clear perception of CC trends and an inadequate
perception of the impact on agriculture, therefore, engaging indigenous communities and other stakeholders to postulate a
comprehensive adaptation and mitigation strategy for CC.
1 Introduction
The great Himalayan Mountain protects the entire northern
and northeastern part of India. The Himalayan Mountain
regulates the climatic condition, agro-ecological situa-
tion, culture and livelihood of India and other countries.
It is extended to about 595,000 km2 from Afghanistan to
Myanmar (Anonymous 2023a, b and NitiAayog 2018).The
Himalayan region is divided into the Western, Central, and
Eastern Himalayan regions (EHR). The EHR is a meeting
point of five countries: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, and
Myanmar. It is extended from eastern Nepal, the Darjeeling
district of West Bengal, the entire North-eastern Region
of India, and Bhutan, Tibet Autonomous region to Yun-
nan in China and Northern Myanmar (NitiAayog. 2018).
Excluding the Polar Regions, the Himalayas have the larg-
est glacier cover and are termed the third pole (Vohra 1996;
Dyurgerov 2001; Qiu 2008; Scheel etal. 2011). About 17%
of the greater Himalayas are encapsulated by glaciers,
ice, and snow (Dyurgerov and Meier 2005; IPCC 2007).
The ten largest rivers in Asia originated from Himalayan
glaciers. The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is home to
nearly 50 million Indians. IHR is characterized by diverse
environmental, socio-economical, cultural, and political
systems (NitiAayog 2022). However, the environmental
* N. K. Patra
nk_patra08@yahoo.in
1 Department ofAgricultural Extension, SAS, Nagaland
University, Medziphema, Dimapur, Nagaland, India
2 Patanjali Foods Ltd, Papumpare, ArunachalPradesh, India
3 Department ofAgricultural Meteorology andPhysics,
BCKV, Mohanpur, Nadia, WestBengal, India
4 CCS, CAU (Imphal), Tura, Meghalaya, India
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
... Rising risks due to earlier frost dates and accelerated bud burst. [41,42] 4 Droughts and floods Disruption in photosynthesis and fruit quality; increased abscisic acid levels during droughts. ...
... It was recommended to avoid freezing temperatures and to protect young kiwifruit plants from exposure to very cold and freezing temperatures. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of proper chilling temperatures for optimal kiwifruit flowering and fruiting [42]. ...
... It also causes fruit drop, spots on fruit, and may require premature harvesting. Gentle wind flow is crucial for the optimal vegetative and reproductive phases of kiwifruit plants [42]. These extreme weather events pose significant challenges to kiwifruit growers, necessitating adaptive strategies, such as improved irrigation techniques, soil management practices, and resilient orchard designs, to mitigate their adverse effects on kiwifruit production. ...
Climate Change Impacts on and Response Strategies for Kiwifruit Production: A Comprehensive Review
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ASSESSING FREEZING EFFECT ON KIWIFRUIT CULTIVARS AND MAPPING SUITABLE AREAS FOR GROWING THE CROP IN EASTERN TEXAS EASTERN TEXAS
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