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Activism!: Direct Action, Hacktivism and the Future of Society
Abstract
Many schools of thought assert that Western culture has never been more politically apathetic. Tim Jordan's Activism! refutes this claim. In his powerful polemic, Jordan shows how acts of civil disobedience have come to dominate the political landscape. Because we inhabit such a quickly changing, high-tech and fragmented culture, the single-issue political movements and stable, conservative authorities of the past are continually being questioned. Traditional political battles have been replaced by the popular, collective practices of a new political activism. From Europe to the USA, from Australia to South America, from the Left to the Right, Jordan introduces us to the citizens who make up d-i-y culture: eco-activists, animal liberators, neo-fascists, ravers, anti-abortionists, squatters, hunt saboteurs and hacktivists. In his view, activism comprises a new ethics of living for the 21st century.
... But do these changes triggered by digital activism result in effective tools to maximize the power of the imagination of contemporary activists and their ability to interfere in social change? If, on the one hand, some authors argue that we are witnessing a revival of some forms of activism with the cultivation of strong creative narratives on subjects as diverse as combating poverty, pollution, racism, climate change and social and economic justice (Cardoso et al., 2015;Jordan, 2002;Jouët, 2018), on the other hand, online activism has been criticized for not being followed or complemented by forms of off-line participation and often rejected as clicktivism or slacktivism (Gladwell, 2011;Halupka, 2014;Karpf, 2010;Morozov, 2009;Shulman, 2009), supposedly fulfilling only the desire for instant self-satisfaction and having little or no impact on real political processes and concrete actions of citizens. ...
... 19-20). Jordan (2002) argues that traditional political battles are being replaced by collective practices that give rise to different types of new political activism, refuting schools of thought that defend that Western culture has never been more politically apathetic than now. For example, in March 2019, inspired by the Swedish 16-year-old climate activist, Greta Thunberg, the world witnessed the Global Climate Strike, were teenagers from everywhere, including Portugal, skipped school to fight for a greener planet. ...
... Historically the concept has been closely associated with joint action with the motivation to achieve political change. But the concept of political action itself incorporates several dimensions and a wide range of actions that are also experiencing ongoing changes in Western societies, some related to the usual distinction between left, center and right, which is presenting itself as problematic when offered to the new generations as secular ideological separation (Jordan, 2002). ...
The digital environment has brought new forms of activism, but television remains the privileged mean to access information for most citizens in Portugal and Europe. In this study we analyze the TV news reports that journalists identify as being about “activists” and “activism” aired on the four Portuguese free-to-air channels in 2017. By measuring which issues were given the most extensive coverage, it was possible to conclude that television news gives more airtime to international news related to political and human rights issues. In which concerns national level initiatives, more coverage is given to activist initiatives that result from movements organized in time and space. The action of activist groups that practice violent acts is not highlighted in the news. The results allow a reflection on the role of television for certain groups to be publicly positioned with legitimacy, in a time of adaptation to media convergence and technological transformation.
... Professor Tim Jordan is our main reference on activism. In a seminal work (Jordan, 2002), this author shows that the term designates the set of actions with the purpose of changing the established social reality. These are undertaken by subjects who, together, sharing feelings about a particular public situation, make efforts in a common direction. ...
... Mediactivism is not just a syntactic neologism; the formation of the quasibinomial generates a hybrid term that, in practice, should be insurmountable, equated, and balanced. On one hand, there is the function of information, of mediation, which is associated with the other hand, of solidarity transgression (Jordan, 2002), in order to change contexts. ...
... This must be done through a media record that necessarily aims to amplify knowledge, spread information, be present, undertake resistance and establish defense structures. Therefore, regarding this possibility of establishing a concept about mediactivism, it is worth making some other clarifications: a) as a solidary will, it is understood the intentional, deliberate, personal and voluntary behavior of subjects who are imbued with altruistic value and aware of a shared otherness (Jordan, 2002); b) reinforcing the idea of direct action, we understand it, like Jordan (2002), not only as a simple tactic, but as a wide range of possibilities, in the articulation of the most varied intervention ideas, from passive notions of civil disobedience to more active actions, in some cases even aggressive actions 15 . However, a new record is worth mentioning: the mere mediation of information, reporting the facts, does not constitute mediactivism -given the scarcity of transgressive meaning; ...
The title of this paper signals an answer that we aim to find here — or at least deepen an important debate that is not only academic. Therefore, our objective is to present a conceptual proposal for the term “mediactivism” and reflect on its perspectives linked to social mobilization actions, whether they are organized movements or not. For this purpose, we performed a bibliographic review in order to delimit such a term and demonstrate its approximations and distances with other concepts. We also problematized the formation of the binomial "media and activism", analyzing what activism is and how it uses media to achieve its objectives. We close with brief considerations, after the conceptual proposal, leaving the field of theory and approaching the importance of practice in the defense of social rights.
... The AQ segment of UX includes proficiencies that are pleasurable. According to Jordan [84], there are four kinds of hedonism (pleasure). One is physiological hedonism, which is linked to the physical element of UX (for example, taste, smell, and touch). ...
... According to Huang and Hsu-Liu [22], augmented reality experiential marketing influences user experience (UX) by affecting hedonic quality, thus aiding several emotional benefits triggered through identification and simulation. According to Jordan [84] and Rauschnabel et al. [35], aesthetic quality is crucial in enhancing user experience by providing a pleasurable experience. The results of a pragmatic quality in user experience are consistent with the previous study of Huang and Hsu-Liu [22]. ...
... Final Conceptual Proposed Framework. Source: Adapted from:[35,36,73,84,87]. ...
Marketers and advertisers ignore new technology and diverse marketing tactics when attempting to increase product exposure, customer engagement, customer behavior and buying intention in fashion accessory marketplaces in developing countries. This research sought to discover how the Augmented Reality (AR) experience influenced consumer behavior, buying intention and pleasure when purchasing a fashion item in developing countries. This study employs positivist ideas to investigate the connections between various factors, believing that reality is unwavering, stable, and static. Experiential marketing following stimulus exposure will gather cross-sectional data. The undertaken study has developed proper experimental design (within group) from business innovation models, for instance, uses and gratification and user experience models. User experience is disclosed by its four defining characteristics: hedonic quality (identification and simulation), aesthetic quality, and pragmatic quality. After encountering an enhanced user experience, users have a more favorable attitude about purchasing; in contrast, pleasure from using the application directly impacts buying intention. It was also shown that knowledge of AR apps impacts user experience and attitude. The novelty of this research is multifarious, for instance, the smart lab was used as a marketing technology to explore a virtual mirror of the Ray-Ban products. Secondly, the augmented reality experiential marketing activities have been developed by the developers as bearing in mind the four different aspects of the user experience—haptic, hedonic, aesthetic, and pragmatic. It should be functional, simple to learn and use, symmetrical, pleasant, and appealing, while fulfilling the unconscious emotional elements of a customer’s purchase. The research is the first known study in Pakistan to evaluate the influence of augmented reality on consumer proficiency and its consequent effects on attitude and satisfaction for fashion accessory brands. The research also advances the notion that application familiarity is the most important moderator between attitude and an augmented reality-enriched user experience, contradicting the prior studies, which focus on gender and age. This research has important theoretical implications for future researchers, who may wish to replicate the proposed final model in developed and developing countries’ fashion brands. This research also has imperative managerial implications for brand managers and marketing managers, who could include the recommendations of this study in their marketing strategies.
... In this sense, we believe that in future studies, with two or more videos and channels (to generate contrast), a clearer research methodology and a less essay-like text could be used. We need more empirical research on the subject to explore, for example, the effects on the reception of the videos, the way and the purposes for which the content is shared -including on social networks such as WhatsApp -, their application in specific moments of the Brazilian social-11 In Jordan's (2002) perspective. In other words, even though the youtuber from the channel "Te atualizei" may consider herself an activist, we classify her as a militant. ...
... We agree withJordan (2002), who called it Activism!with an exclamation mark, specifically the notions linked to this new conceptual approach, when referring to an action aimed at the common good and not at private interests or those of a specific group, thinking about building the future. ...
In this study, we present the results of a research study we undertook to evaluate the potential of YouTube as a mediactivist tool to combat corruption in Brazil, observing videos that take this theme as a reference. To do so, we discuss Mediactivism and how it can have its meanings produced from the multimodal language that youtubers' productions allow/encourage. Our research was eminently exploratory, in an empirical approach, taking the theoretical multimodality perspectives as an analytical north for an essay discussion. After the analysis, we realized that YouTube has been used as a tool that can help in the fight against corruption, specifically by offering content that disseminates information and offers conditions so that it brings awareness to the society. Although they are not produced by mediactivist subjects, our analysis indicates that the videos have mediactivist potential, from their characteristics and multimodal language that encourages such a purpose. Regarding Mediactivism, this platform has been another tool of resistance, presence, and defense for those who fight against corruption in Brazil.
... 4. Ретритизм заключается в уходе от социального взаимодействия, неприятии целей и средств без обновления их содержания. 5. Мятеж включает непринятие прежних целей и средств и замену их на новые установки. ...
... Вторая охватывает проявления активной реформисткой деятельности, которая выражается в создании альтернатив доминирующей системе власти через конструирование новых способов и структур социального поведения. Третья состоит в революционном активизме, который выражен в стремлении разрушить существующую систему власти, кардинально изменить общественный порядок и политические институты [5]. ...
The article presents an overview of modern studies of political radicalism in the context of civic activism. The author considers models of radicalization expressed in the opinions and actions of citizens. He singled out the main directions of political radicalism and marked the demarcations with other ideological currents. The author sees the process of political radicalization as a multifactorial process of fundamental changes in society, which are figured out by the historical context, urgent socio-economic problems, and emerging challenges. The expansion of the influence of digital communications, which formed an initially uncontrolled by the state online space for the interaction of citizens and the distribution of content, facilitated the political radicalization of society. The author sees the prospects for the study of political radicalism in the study of cognitive motivation of actions, the relationship between behavioral attitudes, intentions and actions, the conversion of moods from online to offline spaces.
... Com base no pensamento crítico de Papanek (1971) e na afirmação de que todas as pessoas são designers, propõe-se a reflexão sobre como o ativismo em design pode ser um instrumento para gerar engajamento social, político e crítico a fim de criar oportunidades e favorecer mudanças. De acordo com Jordan (2001), o ativismo atua na defesa de diversos pontos de vista resultantes dos embates por mudanças sociais no presente ou em perspectivas futuras, oferecendo uma perspectiva ampla, radical e revolucionária para as oposições ao sistema vigente e suas injustiças ambientais e sociais. ...
... O ativismo em design é caracterizado por um conjunto de teorias e práticas voltadas à elaboração de projetos focados em questões sociais e políticas. Apresenta uma abordagem contemporânea do design, baseada no pensamento crítico, transdisciplinar e, sobretudo, politizado, com um olhar às pessoas marginalizadas pelo sistema e aos impactos sociais e ambientais da produção e do consumo (JORDAN, 2001;PAPANEK, 1971;MOURA, 2014). ...
... Tim Jordan articulates activism's deeper moral dimension, describing it as an inherently principled endeavor that aspires to articulate alternative societal frameworks (Jordan 2002). By presenting visionary perspectives, activists challenge existing paradigms and propose more equitable social configurations. ...
Design Activism represents an evolving field in which design critically engages with societal challenges to promote meaningful change. Drawing on the contributions of key researchers in the field, this article explores and proposes six principles to define Design Activism, emphasizing its capacity to reveal societal issues, challenge power structures, disrupt dominant norms, and operate across multiple dimensions: political, aesthetic, and practical. The six principles are: Design Activism is revealing, political, contesting, disruptive, designerly, and real. By analyzing Design Activism through these six principles, this work proposes a way to differentiate Design Activism from other disciplines, addressing the confusion surrounding the term and how it is often used interchangeably with others. These principles can then be applied to analyze projects and assess whether they can be categorized as belonging to the Design Activism discipline.
... camcorders, social media, smartphones…) to fuel resistance and support protesters but also the emergence of digitally-native resistant coalitions such as Anonymous -has resulted in the burgeoning literature on hacking (e.g. Maxigas, 2012;Coleman, 2013;Toupin, 2016), hacktivism (Jordan, 2002;Milan, 2015), and digital resistance and digital activism more in general (see, among others, Karatzogianni & Michaelides, 2009;Fuchs, 2014;Treré, 2019). ...
Individuals and groups increasingly seek to resist the harms and risks of a data-driven society. This essay explores the possibility of individual and collective resistance vis-à-vis datafication, drawing on examples from across the globe. It shows how infrastructure, political agency, and tactics have changed in response to datafication. It reviews six resistance tactics, distinguishing between “defensive resistance” and “productive resistance”: self-defence, subversion, avoidance, literacy, counter-imagination, and advocacy campaigning. Investigating them offers insights on the ability of social actors to contribute to innovation in mobilising practices amidst intrusive surveillance.
... The internet opens up the possibility for marginalized groups to have their voices broadened online (Núñez Puente, 2011;Fonseca, Pereira da Silva, & Teixeira, 2017;Sena & Tesser, 2017). By employing direct action, activists can use a range of practices, both online and offline -which vary from civil disobedience to more aggressive actions of intervention, such as boycotts, blockades and strikes -to prevent an action or decision they disapprove of (Jordan, 2002). In addition to enabling the creation of new actions of protest, digital media amplify existing forms of off-line activism, creating a complementary relationship instead of an exclusive one (Gomes, 2015;Aguilar-Forero, 2017). ...
Research goal: To map actions of digital activism and categorize them according to their purpose. Theoretical framework: Discussions about potential combinations between different forms of digital activism and traditional activism, in addition to considerations about different conceptions of strategy, form the theoretical framework of this study. Methodology: The categorization was carried out according to the content analysis technique. Results: The research analyzed case studies published between 2008 and 2018 related to digital activism, hacktivism, data activism and cyberactivism, categorizing activist actions into 12 modalities and three main categories to create a model for analyzing digital activism. Originality: By focusing on the purpose of activist actions, this study demonstrates how the same purpose can be achieved through different actions, in addition to allowing the prognosis of actions that were not found in the literature. Theoretical and practical contributions: The work presents a set of tactics found in the literature review carried out, offering a representation of the possibilities of action that allow the reach of the activists' objectives according to their strategies.
... Il a pour origine l'Internationale situationniste qui l'a notamment pratiqué en réutilisant et en assemblant des éléments préexistants pour générer de nouvelles significations (Milstein et Pulos, 2015). Il mobilise la logique de l'appropriation (Lekakis, 2017) pour tenter d'inverser et de transgresser le sens de codes culturels cherchant à persuader des individus d'acheter quelque chose ou d'être quelqu'un (Jordan, 2002). ...
This research focuses on the rapprochement between commercial world of brands and that of art, two worlds that are a priori distinct. Indeed, essentially since the 20th century, the artistic sphere tends to be more and more intertwined with brands that can be used for products, services, retail chains, organizations, geographical areas, individuals... The rise of this intertwining can be explained by the spread of postmodernism in Western societies since the second half of the 20th century, its dimensions of fragmentation, acceptance of difference, paradoxical juxtaposition of opposites and hyperreality playing a particularly important role. This intertwining causes two types of relations. Indeed, some can be initiated by brands, and in general, they give rise to collaborations, while others can be instigated by artists without having solicited the brand. The first relationships having generated to numerous researches, this article will focus on the second ones which are less often studied. Specifically, it proposes to answer the following question: what strategy(ies) can a brand adopt when faced with its appropriation by artists? To answer this question, this research will begin with a literature review dedicated to art intended not only to explain appropriation in the art field, but also to present the artistic movements most likely to realize such appropriation (pop Art, neo-pop Art, hyperrealism, street art and urban art). The highlighting of movements turns out, indeed, to be a prerequisite for the implementation of the strategies which will be detailed in the second part. In conclusion, some contributions, limitations and future research directions will be outlined.
... Bunun için aktivistlerin çeşitli araçları kullanarak harekete geçmeleri, eylemlerde bulunmaları ve bu eylemlerin sonuçlarını takip etmeleri gereklidir. Ayrıca günümüz aktivizmini amaçlarına göre değerlendiren Jordan (2002, aktaran Martin, 2007 günümüzdeki bazı aktivist eylemlerin sadece politikaları değiştirmeyi amaçladığını bazılarının ise gelecek odaklı olarak sadece politikaları değil sosyal ilişkileri de değiştirmeyi hedeflediğini belirtmiştir. ...
In this study, it was aimed to understand how the activists define disability and disability activism, the objectives and processes of being an activist, their activist activities, the institutional and social problems they encounter in these activities, and their evaluations of the role of the pandemic period in activist activities. The aim of the study was shaped from the perspective of the sociology of disability and the gathered qualitative data was based theoretically by taking support from the social model of disability and the human rights model. By using the qualitative method, online in-depth interview technique was used and the data were analyzed in the MAXQDA program. In the study, the activists adopt the idea that the individual's own preference should be considered regarding the definition of disability. Activists have defined disability activism as those who provide rights-based campaigns and make changes to solve problems and make solutions functional. The main purpose of being an activist is to demand change and to take action to create regulations in favor of people with disabilities. Although there are various methods adopted by the activists for this purpose, they are faced with various social, cultural, economic and political problems both in carrying out their actions and in operating their methods. Activists described the problems faced by people with disabilities on the basis of ‘discrimination’ and ‘exclusion’. Activists have thoughts that the pandemic period has created some new processes,both positive and negative, for disability activism. The findings provided some non-generalizing clues in understanding and interpreting the experiences, thoughts, issues, and areas where change needs to be created by the activists with disabilities in Turkey.
... transgressão solidária (Jordan, 2002) A Amazônia Real defende que grupos sociais como povos indígenas, populações tradicionais, tais como quilombolas, ribeirinhos, pescadores, quebradeiras de coco babaçu e trabalhadores e trabalhadoras rurais, ativistas ambientais, ambientalistas, mulheres e homens da floresta, são sujeitos e protagonistas de suas próprias narrativas, sem necessidade ou interferência de mediadores. Essas vozes precisam ser escutadas, compreendidas e suas ideias, práticas culturais e vivências, visibilizadas. ...
RESUMO – Nossa pesquisa busca entender e problematizar as proximidades entre o jornalismo ambiental e a prática midiativista a partir da análise de cobertura jornalística (Silva & Maia, 2011) do portal Amazônia Real, adaptada aos nossos esforços empíricos em um protocolo de jornalismo ambiental midiativista. Apresentamos, nos limites deste artigo, um exercício analítico com duas reportagens que evidenciaram os pressupostos do jornalismo ambiental: ênfase na contextualização, pluralidade de vozes, assimilação do saber ambiental (Loose & Girardi, 2017) e as táticas discursivas do midiativismo, com o engajamento e a opinião revelados no horizonte do que denominamos de reportagem-manifesto. Contudo, notamos o subaproveitamento dos recursos tecnológicos e apresentação dos acontecimentos em uma estrutura narrativa convencional, que tensionam a práxis do jornalismo ambiental midiativista. ABSTRACT – Our research aims to understand and problematize the proximity between environmental journalism and media activist practice based on the journalistic coverage analysis (Silva & Maia, 2011) of the Amazônia Real portal, adapted to our empirical efforts in a media activist environmental journalism protocol. Within the limits of this article, we presented an analytical exercise with two reports that showed the assumptions of environmental journalism: emphasis on contextualization, plurality of voices, assimilation of environmental knowledge (Loose & Girardi, 2017) and the discursive tactics of media activism, with engagement and opinion revealed in what we call the manifesto report. However, we noticed the underutilization of technological resources and the presentation of events in a conventional narrative structure, which strains the praxis of media activist environmental journalism. RESUMEN – Nuestra investigación busca comprender y problematizar la proximidad entre el periodismo ambiental y la práctica activista de los medios, a partir del análisis de cobertura periodística (Silva & Maia, 2011) del portal Amazônia Real, adaptado para el estudio empírico mediante un protocolo de aproximación al periodismo ambiental activista. Presentamos, dentro de los límites de este artículo, un ejercicio analítico con dos reportajes en los que aparecen los supuestos del periodismo ambiental: énfasis en la contextualización, pluralidad de voces, asimilación del conocimiento ambiental (Loose & Girardi, 2017) y las tácticas discursivas del activismo mediático, con compromiso y opinión revelados en lo que llamamos un reportaje manifiesto. Sin embargo, observamos la subutilización de los recursos tecnológicos y la presentación de los acontecimientos en una estructura narrativa convencional, lo que genera tensiones en la praxis del periodismo medioambiental activista en los medios.
... Hacktivism has been taken up by Myanmar democracy activists. Jordan (2002) has described hacktivism as the attempt to achieve social and political objectives through hacking. George and Leidner (2019) further differentiate hacktivists into cyberterrorists, civic hackers and patriotic hackers. ...
... Nada há de alternativo libertário, nem de cívico em manifestações desse tipo de ativismo mediático que usa suportes tecnológicos tradicionais e modernos. O midiativismo libertário é movido pela transgressão (Jordan, 2002), mas de causas cívicas e de interesse coletivo. Outros midiativismos podem ser radicais (Downing, 2002), assim como o libertário é, mas não condizem à experiência histórica da alternatividade. ...
O texto aborda o tema da comunicação popular e alternativa em meio às controvérsias das manifestações de mídias “independentes” utópicas e antiutópicas. O objetivo é discutir o revigoramento da Comunicação Popular na era da internet e a transcendência das mídias alternativas na atualidade diante da intensificação do midiativismo e, em certo sentido, da emergência de alguns desdobramentos - nem sempre tão alternativos ou independentes quanto podem parecer à primeira vista. O estudo é baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica. Conclui-se que a Comunicação Popular, Comunitária e Alternativa cumpre um papel importante no caminhar da construção de um mundo justo e livre. Em especial as mídias alternativas vêm atestando uma diversidade de expressões, mas suas características intrínsecas em suas origens são carregadas de alternatividade de caráter libertário.
... Os/as midiativistas são pessoas que carregam uma espécie de interesse solidário, operam com atitudes diretas transgressivas, intencionais, e vislumbram a potencialidade das habilidades de intervenção social colocadas em prática, a partir de um "um registro midiático que visa necessariamente amplificar conhecimento, espraiar informação, marcar presença, empreender resistência e estabelecer estruturas de defesa" (Braighi & Câmara, 2018, p. 36). O midiativismo abrange a função de informar, mediar, vinculada ao sentido de transgressão solidária (Jordan, 2002), objetivando modificações de situações e contextos. ...
Nossa pesquisa busca entender e problematizar as proximidades entre o jornalismo ambiental e a prática midiativista a partir da Analise da Cobertura Jornalística (Silva & Maia, 2011) do portal Amazônia Real, adaptada aos nossos esforços empíricos em um protocolo de jornalismo ambiental midiativista. Apresentamos, nos limites deste artigo, os caminhos metodológicos de duas reportagens que destacam a força dos pressupostos do jornalismo ambiental: ênfase na contextualização, pluralidade de vozes, assimilação do saber ambiental (Loose & Girardi, 2017); as táticas discursivas do midiativismo, mas também o subaproveitamentos dos recursos e da forma de apresentação dos acontecimentos. Mais que noticiados, eles deveriam ser protestados, no horizonte da reportagem-manifesto.
... Additionally, due to the efforts of several young activists such as Greta Thunberg, the awareness and mobilization towards climate change has been increasingly noticeable (Murray 2020). The definition of activism embodies a set of practices that promote social, political, and economic change, aiming to disrupt the status quo (Jordan 2004). Since activism is fundamental for this purpose, support towards activists-the ones who promote this change-would be expected. ...
Climate change is a crucial issue, which is mobilized by activists. However, activists are targeted with negative stereotypes, hindering their influence. Young activists are environmentally conscious, but the stereotypical attributions assigned to them are unknown, with competing predictions in the literature (for being activist vs being young). In two studies, we aimed at experimentally examining the stereotypical dimensions that are ascribed to activists (youth vs adult) based on the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), as well as a morality/trustworthiness dimension. Considering that activists are generally considered as high-competent, but low-warm, while youth are considered the opposite (low-competence and high-warmth), we hypothesized the impacts on morality/trustworthiness. Greta Thunberg and Jane Fonda were the personalities used in Study 1 (N = 276), randomly assigned to participants while keeping the same discourse excerpt. Thunberg was penalized in all stereotypical dimensions. In Study 2 (N = 228), fictional characters (teenager or adult) were used instead. As hypothesized, no differences were found in the warmth or competence dimensions, only in the morality/trustworthiness dimension, penalizing the young activist. These results highlight the importance of studying environmental activists considering different social categories in stereotypical appraisals. They also contribute to a better understanding of general resistance towards activists, as well as the factors that are detrimental to their social influence.
... Ver Batista (2017) Ativista encontra-se preso à materialidade de artefatos e pouco ocupado a discutir suas estratégias. Isto evidenciou-se de dois modos: ora o estudos sobre Design Ativista "interpretam" artefatos a posteriori, como agentes passivos que respondem a programas de ação humanos (JORDAN, 2002, THORPE, 2001, LENSKJOLD ET. AL. 2015, ora ocupamse em constituir modelos de ação que, por mais afeitos a vicissitudes e situados que sejam, dão materialidade ao Design Ativismo como um modo de ação tático (FUAD-LUKE, 2009, MARKUSSEN, 2013, FASSI ET. ...
Indo de encontro com a proposta de discussão no eixo 4 do II Colóquio de Pesquisa
e Design, este ensaio propõe discutir as relações que a perspectiva decolonial traz a
produção de conhecimento e ressignificação da área do design. A argumentação aqui
proposta percorre o conceito de Global Sul e Norte a partir de Tony Fry (2005 e 2017),
situando a discussão na crítica ao instrumentalismo técnico afiliado ao norte e geográfico, argumento que o projeto colonialista da área deveria posicionar-se além disso, indiferente do lugar onde acontece o agir design, e que é necessário contundência para fazer frente ao instrumentalismo que matém o design preso a práticas modernas
... Youth activists believe that they are able to challenge governments regarding pressing societal issues and that addressing these issues has the potential to improve their environment (Martin 2007). There are a variety of ways in which youth dissatisfaction can be expressed (Isopp 2015;Jordan 2002), including, but not limited to, petitioning elected officials, contributing to political campaigns, staying away from a profession or trade, and other actions expressed in the form of rallies, street marches and/ or strikes. ...
... Dinâmicas socioculturais são a alma de toda coletividade e, entre elas, existe o ativismo, que se faz presente de forma latente, como uma força invisível compartilhada por muitas pessoas em uma sociedade, fazendo-as se movimentarem e lutarem por um ideal comum (Jordan, 2002). O ativismo é o que dá alma a grupos e modifica toda uma estrutura social em prol de uma minoria que busca melhoria e equidade na dinâmica sociocultural de seus locais de morada. ...
A discussão do ativismo é algo fundamental para o desenvolvimento em diversos aspectos de uma sociedade. Com a chegada da Era da Informação, essa dinâmica social se adequou às mudanças, surgindo o cyber ativismo. O presente trabalho analisa a presença do cyber ativismo nas sociedades e a forma como essa dinâmica modificou parcialmente a estratégia de alguns movimentos sociais, como o feminismo. Também são analisados o cyber feminismo praticado na América Latina, a maneira como coletivos, coletivas, grupos e associações feministas dessa região, que possuem páginas e perfis ativos na rede social Facebook, organizam-se para praticar cyber feminismo e de que forma seu trabalho virtual realizado afeta e auxilia mulheres nessas regiões, já que suas páginas virtuais servem como ponte de apoio para mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade.
... "Activism is essentially something done together by many people, but we must be careful with the sense of group or collective that is employed here. What is essential to activism is not simply being more than one, as we are in a cinema, but a sense of solidarity in pursuit of transgression".Jordan (2001), p. 12. ...
This research is based on the investigation of the political and social dimension in contemporary design, in which the term design activism, object of this study, emerges. The reflection is based on the historical rescue of design and on the reading of contemporary design to understand its relationships and actions, reaching design activism as a practice that finds subsidies for its development in contemporaneity. The dissertation is qualitative in nature and adopts procedures related to bibliographic research, systematic and unsystematic literature review, documentary, case studies and field research. The process and procedures adopted resulted in critical analyses, digital mapping, summaries in charts and tables. Among the theoretical framework adopted, we highlight the relationships between design and activism established by Victor Papanek, who for over 50 years recommended a politicized and critical sense to design. The term Design Activism is recurrent in international research, but what can design activism do in the Brazilian context? Based on theorists from different areas of knowledge, in order to investigate the contemporary, we seek to answer the importance of political and social actions in contemporary design, verifying whether design activism is a legitimate movement with actions and repercussions in Brazilian society, or if it is more of a disclosure term associated with marketing issues. Researching social and political relations in Brazilian design is a little explored task, and a factor that drives the development of this research is the lack of theoretical and critical reflection on activism in the Brazilian territory. Thus, a path is established that allows for reflection and critical analysis on the subject, exploring examples that are situated in the context of the real world. It is hoped that this research will instigate further reflections and other questions in Brazilian contemporary design.
... Hence, the activist movements are constructed and led by a collective group who form non-profit/nongovernmental institutions and private organizations on the basis of a common shared belief about the nature of the issue, and the means to best address this problem. According to Jordan (2002), "activism is generating the future of societies" (p. 23). ...
Rhetorical analysis of Hillary Clinton's speeches:" Keynote speech"(2013) and "Women's rights are human rights speech"(1995)
... Este territorio abierto permite que cualquier individuo pueda formar parte de la producción, adhesión y difusión de contenidos (Koenig y McLaughlin, 2018). Entre las distintas perspectivas teóricas se pueden encontrar definiciones como ciberactivismo, activismo en línea, hackactivismo, desobediencia civil electrónica, entre otras, que expresan las distintas formas en que los activistas y sus organizaciones manifiestan y desarrollan sus acciones a través de la red (Jordan, 2002). Por otro lado, también se pueden hallar expresiones como slackactivismo, en tanto modo peyorativo de abordar estos procesos que, en la mirada de quienes defienden esa postura, son eventos que idealizan la participación ciudadana en los espacios virtuales. ...
El capítulo presenta el panorama actual e invita a la reflexión sobre aspectos relacionados con la diversidad social y activismo digital ante el poder de los medios, las redes sociales como potenciadoras de la Inclusión social y digital, y, la educación mediática y diversidad en pro de la participación ciudadana con el fin de mostrar el papel que la educación mediática cumple hoy en día como favorecedora del activismo digital de la ciudadanía.
... Este territorio abierto permite que cualquier individuo pueda formar parte de la producción, adhesión y difusión de contenidos (Koenig y McLaughlin, 2018). Entre las distintas perspectivas teóricas se pueden encontrar definiciones como ciberactivismo, activismo en línea, hackactivismo, desobediencia civil electrónica, entre otras, que expresan las distintas formas en que los activistas y sus organizaciones manifiestan y desarrollan sus acciones a través de la red (Jordan, 2002). Por otro lado, también se pueden hallar expresiones como slackactivismo, en tanto modo peyorativo de abordar estos procesos que, en la mirada de quienes defienden esa postura, son eventos que idealizan la participación ciudadana en los espacios virtuales. ...
Los medios de comunicación ocupan un papel preponderante en la sociedad actual, adquiriendo cada vez más poder, a la par que los gobiernos y aquellos que tienen acceso al podio discursivo social (Aguaded y Romero-Rodríguez, 2016). Su capacidad de influencia en la opinión pública, gracias al uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, su presencia ubicua y su maximización de alcance por parte de los prosumidores (Civila et ál., 2020), es aprovechada por diferentes agentes, para sus propios fines, como en el caso de los partidos políticos para modificar la intención de voto, las empresas para incidir en el consumo de sus productos, a través de la publici-dad y el marketing, o los influencers a través de las redes sociales, entre otros.
... Este territorio abierto permite que cualquier individuo pueda formar parte de la producción, adhesión y difusión de contenidos (Koenig y McLaughlin, 2018). Entre las distintas perspectivas teóricas se pueden encontrar definiciones como ciberactivismo, activismo en línea, hackactivismo, desobediencia civil electrónica, entre otras, que expresan las distintas formas en que los activistas y sus organizaciones manifiestan y desarrollan sus acciones a través de la red (Jordan, 2002). Por otro lado, también se pueden hallar expresiones como slackactivismo, en tanto modo peyorativo de abordar estos procesos que, en la mirada de quienes defienden esa postura, son eventos que idealizan la participación ciudadana en los espacios virtuales. ...
... Other texts have provided more detailed categorisations. For example, Jordan (2002) distinguishes between direct action and (dis)organisation, pleasure-politics, hacktivism, and culture jamming. Later publications include newly developed activities in their groupings; for instance, George and Leidner's (2019) categories include clicktivism, metavoicing (= the amplification of a user's voice or opinion through re-sharing), assertion (= content creation), e-funding, political consumerism, digital petitions, botivism (= robot-distributed activism), data activism, exposure, and hacktivism. ...
In recent decades, digital activism has received a lot of scholarly and journalistic attention. Even so, there remains no firm consensus on its precise definition and scope. This paper addresses this conceptual haziness and contends that there are analytical issues and conceptual implications in the openness of the term and its description as digital, as 'digitality' is neither the sole nor the primary feature along which activism has changed. Drawing on extant practices of digital activism and conceptual approaches to its scope, the paper aims to (1) critically discuss & highlight a range of conceptual obscurities in digital activism scholarship, (2) provide a glimpse into the concept's evolution, and, through these (3) suggest that the term (incl. synonyms) suffers from myriad conceptual and epistemological fallacies: omissions of the concept's complexity (e.g. hybridity, rhizomatism, multi-mediality), implications of digital dualism and therefore potentially technological determinism, and the invitation of stigma, luddite sentiment, and other social constructions of the technologies to which the term is attached.
... The term 'activism' is widely used yet highly debated, with scholars alike drawing upon a wide spectrum of different definitions and understandings (Martin et al., 2007). As a term which emerged in the mid-1910s, it is generally understood as being underpinned by agency, having the capacity to act, along with make or change history (Jordan, 2002). Gitlin (2003: 5) notes how, 'It reminds us that the world not only is, but is made'. ...
With the onset of austerity, disabled people in the United Kingdom have faced a sustained period of financial cuts, including cuts to personal income, social care and advocacy organisations. Many individuals have found themselves in increasingly precarious situations, having to rely increasingly on non-statutory, more informal structures of care. Disabled people, however, have not accepted these changes in silence but have often been vocal in their opposition to these cuts. Opposition and resistance can be seen through increased lobbying, the establishing of disability anti-austerity protest groups and the emergence of numerous online campaigns. Austerity has been accompanied by a recent growth in disability activism, as individuals find ways of resisting and coping under increasingly difficult conditions. To date, there has been very limited documentation or analysis of the political struggles of disability activists during a time of austerity. Through adopting a qualitative approach, this study examines the lives of those involved in disability activism, and the places in which their activism is enacted. The findings are drawn from 27 biographical interviews and participant observation at 13 disability activist events. Rather than being a representative study, this research seeks to provide a deep and nuanced insight into the lives of a small number of disabled people who are engaging in activism in response to austerity. It is hoped that this thesis will serve as a form of activism in itself, as a space in which stories can be both shared and heard and used as a possible resource for future generations.
... Other texts have provided more detailed categorisations. For example, Jordan (2002) distinguishes between direct action and (dis)organisation, pleasure-politics, hacktivism, and culture jamming. Later publications include newly developed activities in their groupings; for instance, George and Leidner's (2019) categories include clicktivism, metavoicing (= the amplification of a user's voice or opinion through re-sharing), assertion (= content creation), e-funding, political consumerism, digital petitions, botivism (= robot-distributed activism), data activism, exposure, and hacktivism. ...
The past decades have generated a wealth of literature on digital activism. Even so, the phenomenon has been little historicised. This paper engages in a deconstructionist exercise on historical references in digital activism literature towards exploring implicit meaning-making in a symbolic-interactionist tradition. It identifies four distinct narratives: 1) a technology narrative [activism as technology-driven]; 2) a communications narrative [activism on the basis of communication options]; 3) an online-off-line narrative [activism based on an online-off-line dichotomy]; and 4) an engagement narrative [activism based on its affordances for public engagement]. The paper argues that these narratives contribute to a distinct, polysemic, and paradoxical understanding of digital activism as a phenomenon that is technologically driven (technological determinism), and both distinct to and enmeshed with traditional activism. In doing so, this narrative analysis shows a range of underlying ideological assumptions in digital activism study and conceptualisation, which informs how the phenomenon is understood today.
Addressing hacktivism requires not only attention to substantive and procedural criminal policies but also a thorough examination of the prevention domain. The methods that can be effective in combating a criminal phenomenon are as follows: 1) proactive or interventionist methods, which aim to reduce the harm caused by emerging crimes and require precise inspection and supervisory frameworks; 2) reactive methods, which are concerned with the post-occurrence phase of a criminal phenomenon and how to address it. This study aims to analyze the motivations of individuals engaging in hacktivism and the personality factors related to the perpetrators, existing and possible supervisory measures to combat hacktivism, and potential strategies for preventing it. This article, conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner using a library-based approach, examines hacktivism from the perspective of crime prevention. The findings suggest that hacktivism is often associated with a strong desire to challenge conventional structures, draw attention to misconduct, and instigate significant social changes. Additionally, considering the unique characteristics of cyberspace and its differences from the physical world, it can be concluded that criminal policy to address hacktivism requires adopting differential preventive measures.
In recent years, several social movements have emerged on the international scene, some of which have a global reach, in part due to the digital environment, and in particular to social media. Digital activism describes different forms of activism that use digital technology and it has gained importance, as it enables users, activists and institutions to share content that has the potential to reach a very significant number of people. It is against this backdrop that this research was developed. Our main objective is to contribute to the understanding of how digital activism works in Portugal, in particular how activist organizations use digital media to communicate with their audiences. We try to understand whether these communication channels really represent an added value to publicize the mission, causes, campaigns and work carried out by the institutions, and if they can effectively mobilize the members of the public, so that they participate in activist actions proposed and organized by the institutions.
Struggles for social inclusion necessitate efforts to enhance democratic communication. Communication practices and institutions are deeply intertwined with movements advocating for and against social justice, particularly in contemporary contexts of developing inclusion. We designed and evaluated the “Telling the Truth: How to Inform While Promoting an Inclusive Society” program. This program aimed to enhance knowledge and increase positive attitudes toward inclusion among 61 journalism students through quantitative and qualitative methods. The results indicate that participants demonstrated higher positive attitudes in the post-test, showing increased support for a more inclusive socio-economic vision and a greater inclination toward activism. Overall, these findings underscore the significance of journalism training in advancing a socially inclusive context.
A partir da ampliação de visibilidade dos povos indígenas nas redes, reflexo da instrumentalização dos movimentos sociais para a Comunicação, o artigo relata pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa dirigida aos comunicadores populares indígenas. Mapeamento condicionado à vinculação territorial à Amazônia Legal identifica 398 perfis ativos no Facebook, Instagram e Youtube, assim como páginas de maior repercussão em cada rede. A reflexão acerca do protagonismo dos ativistas, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, motiva também a investigação acerca dos usos e limitações da comunicação popular indígena no contexto de novas mediações, em que a Comunicação passa a ser reconhecida como direito humano.
Urban built environments are spatial and material archives. Streets, buildings, open spaces, or infrastructures are registers of historical negotiations and repositories of data. Stories of power, geopolitics, economic systems, labour and culture can be revealed through road names and construction materials, portals and pediments, park benches and chimneys. Embodying our desires, needs, and resources, they condition how we live and interact with each other, and trigger countless reinterpretations and re-appropriations. Most of this dense layering is not immediately legible; it has not been decoded. Rather it is part of a more intuitive, lived sense of “urbanity” that generates contemporary individual and collective senses of identity and belonging. These complex urban palimpsests form the constitutive stages upon, with and against which everyday and extraordinary cultural life is performed.
Civil society organizations are recognized as contributing to the efficiency and stability of democratic governments. Strategic communication is also a determining factor for social mobilization in the achievement of legitimacy and participatory and democratic adhesion. What unites activists is the common goal of achieving social and political change for the societies of the future. However, several areas of strategic communication, namely public relations, have long failed to recognize activism-related activities as an integral part of discipline and practice. The ability of public relations to influence human behavior through communication is recognized. That is why this area has a role to play in the communication strategies of activists defending human rights and sustainable development. In the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, this role would be better understood and debated if SDG18 (Communication for All) were included in the 2030 Agenda itself.In this chapter I resort to a case study built on an ethnographic approach (between January and June 2021) to UMAR, a feminist NGO based in Portugal, and the consultation of 12 communication experts to illustrate the areas where public relations and activism intersect and to show how these intersections could be better understood and debated if SDG18 were included in the 2030 Agenda.KeywordsStrategic communicationPublic relationsActivismCollective action
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie prawnych uregulowań dotyczących haktywizmu – cyfrowych form nieposłuszeństwa obywatelskiego. W artykule scharakteryzowano najważniejsze grup haktywistów, wskazując metody ich działań w sieci. Omówiono również legislację Wspólnoty Europejskiej odnoszącą się do cyberprzestępczości i ewentualnej penalizacji działań haktywistów. Artykuł podsumowuje opis działań grupy Anonymous, aktywnie wspierającej działania o charakterze cyberwojennym wymierzone przeciw Rosji podczas wojny w Ukrainie oraz dyskusja dotycząca uzasadnienia owych działań w świetle obowiązujących norm prawnych oraz przyjętych założeń dotyczących prowadzenia wojny w cyberprzestrzeni.
Disabled individuals, who have been subject to discrimination, oppression and exclusion throughout history, first started to organize for their rights in the United States and United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s. Disabled activists have struggled to ensure that disabled people can use their rights and freedoms on an equal basis with everyone, using various strategies such as protests, lobbying, and legal remedies. Disabled activists carried out activities with the slogan Nothing About Us Without Us. The disability rights movement, which has developed at different times and in different ways in various countries, has achieved various international achievements such as the signing of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Although there were various efforts of disability associations in Turkey until the 2000s, activist struggles similar to those in the USA and UK did not take place. In the 2000s, developments such as the process of harmonization with the European Union and the signing of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities brought the rights of the disabled to the agenda. Disabled individuals who defined themselves as activists started to establish or take part in rights-based associations in these years or started to act individually. In this research, it is aimed to understand the activism experiences of disabled individuals who are activists in Turkey in depth. In this research, which was carried out with the qualitative research method, online in-depth interviews were used as the data collection technique. Online in-depth interviews were conducted via Zoom with a total of 12 disabled activists, whose ages range from the twenties to the fifties. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the MAXQDA program. As a result of the analysis, the themes reached regarding the twelve research questions of the research were shared in the findings section.
Günümüzün yaygın internet kullanımı ve yeni bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri
(YBİT) potansiyeli ile toplumsal hareketler sadece daha fazla öne çıkmakla
kalmamakta, aynı zamanda daha büyük kitleleri önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir.
Gerçekten de toplumsal hareketlerin en önemli özelliği, demokrasiyi
vurgulamalarının yanı sıra baskıcı siyasi ortamlarda ortaya çıkmalarıdır.
Çeşitli çıkar grupları tarafından yönetilen toplumsal hareketler, siyasi etkileşimlerin
ve uygulamaların birbirine bağlı belirli tarihsel dizilerini temsil
etmektedirler. İnternet sonrası değişen dünyada ise fiziksel sosyal hareketlerin
yerini sanal ortamlar, yeni toplumsal hareketlerin yerini dijital aktvizm
almıştır. Yeni toplumsal hareketlerin aksine, dijital aktivizm kısmi talepler
etrafında örgütlenen belirli mücadeleler hâline gelmemekte, hiyerarşik
olmayan bu hareketler kurumsal sistemler tarafından kolayca tespit edilip
bastırılamamaktadır. Dijital aktvizimin en önemli özelliklerinden biri,
eski ve yeni toplumsal hareketlerin aksine, çok çeşitli toplumsal talepleri
dile getirebilmeleri ve oldukça heterojen kitleleri harekete geçirebilmeleridir.
Sosyal hareket teorisi, aktivizmin temel bir altyapısı olarak, sosyal hareketliliğin
neden ve nasıl oluştuğunu ve potansiyel sosyal, kültürel ve politik
sonuçlarını açıklamaya çalışan sosyal bilimlerin disiplinler arası çalışmasıdır.
Dijital ortamda yürütülen aktivist hareket türleri çevrim içi dilekçeler
ve imza kampanyaları, sosyal ağlar, bloglar ve mikrobloglar, cep telefonları
üzerinde WhatsApp benzeri uygulamalar ve Proxy sunucularının
başlıca araçlarını kullanan dijital aktivizm kavramı tarafından kapsanmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, dijital aktivizmin en çok öne çıkan özellikleri olan yatay,
eşitlikçi, hızlı ve ucuz olmaları tartışılmaktadır. Toplumsal hareket teorilerinden
yola çıkılarak, yeni toplumsal hareketler ve dijital aktivizm üzerine
bir literatür taraması yapılarak özellikleri karşılaştırılmaktadır.
Can Information Visualization be an expression of Design Activism? This question leads an exploratory research that seeks to identify parallelisms between these two domains of design practice. Following an interpretive approach and a case study methodology, the research focus on three Information Visualization projects aiming to identify Design Activism characteristic attributes, namely the kind of motivation, purpose and discourse inherent to these projects. The results show that a visualization may be an example of Design Activism when three conditions are combined: the project is motivated by the ethical stance of the designer towards a specific cause; the designer aims to contribute to the disclosure, awareness and/or public discussion about the subject addressed; the visualization is designed as a persuasive discourse that challenge and/or influence the end user. These results allow us to propose the conceptual model of Visactivism that describes the practice of Information Visualization as an expression of Design Activism. As well as nurturing the relationship between the field of Design Activism and the specific domain of Information Visualization, this model is also a theoretical contribution to deepening the interpretation of the specific foundations, objectives and characteristics that identify Design as an Activist practice.KeywordsInformation visualizationData visualizationInformation designDesign activismVisual communication
Este artigo analisa estratégias discursivas da Mídia Ninja e dos Jornalistas Livres, coletivos midiáticos com ampla capilaridade nas redes sociais online, para caracterizar a participação dos grupos no processo eleitoral brasileiro de 2018 e delinear, indutivamente, a relação entre midiativismo e participação política. Enunciados postados no Facebook são interpretados com base num entrelaçamento entre as Análises do Discurso Textualmente Orientada e Crítica do Discurso, considerando oito categorias (formatos, ethos, gêneros textuais, intertextualidade e interdiscursividade, caracterização dos candidatos, tematização, participação e midiativismo). Os resultados indicam que a relação entre midiativismo e participação é profícua e positiva para a democracia, quando busca justiça social e defesa dos direitos humanos. Assuntos, movimentos e grupos marginalizados nos debates públicos encontram representatividade no midiativismo, multiplicando possibilidades de participação.
A década de 2010 compreendeu significativas mudanças sociais e políticas no Brasil. Este trabalho trata de revisitar alguns episódios de confronto político, observados no país entre os anos de 2013 e 2018, a fim de analisar, ao longo do tempo, a formação de comunidades virtuais por membros de uma rede social de amplo acesso e uso popular no país. Aplicou-se um método ligado à análise de redes sociais e à cartografia de controvérsias para uma base de dados de cinco milhões de publicações, compartilhadas entre membros da plataforma digital Twitter, durante seis episódios distintos: i) as jornadas de junho de 2013; ii) as contendas presidenciais de 2014; iii) os ciclos de protestos de 2015; iv) os subsequentes atos de 2016; v) as manifestações de 2017; e vi) as disputas eleitorais de 2018. O método aplicado permitiu avaliar a) as dinâmicas do compartilhamento de recursos entre perfis na rede; b) a similaridade entre as comunidades, detectadas pelo método de Leiden; e c) as características dos grupos de maior relevância em cada intervalo. A análise revelou uma diminuição da pluralidade de comunidades formadas nas redes, além de uma acentuada partidarização por parte de atores institucionais e extrainstitucionais. Argumenta-se que estes processos abriram espaço para a atuação de novos grupos políticos, apoiados por contra-públicos e organizações públicas e privadas, cujas estratégias de difusão de informações nas plataformas digitais foram potencialmente aumentadas pelas suas estruturas livres de escalas, além da ampliação do acesso à Internet no país durante a última década em especial, nas áreas urbanas e de maior densidade populacional reconfigurando, assim, o cenário político brasileiro pós-2013.
Resenha: SOLER, André; LIMA, Vinícius. A pandemia que ninguém vê. São Paulo: SP Invisível, 2020
Los movimientos populares tomaron un renovado impulso con la consolidación de las nuevas tecnologías y el surgimiento de plataformas públicas y privadas, que sirven como canal para las protestas sociales y la defensa de intereses ciudadanos. Desde un método de análisis de contenido cualitativo, se examinan las veinte peticiones más exitosas en la historia de la plataforma privada Change.org en cuatro países: Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Francia y Australia. Se observa cómo operan estas campañas, y se identifican los intereses que motivaron la participación de su comunidad digital. A pesar de que el impacto de la participación política online es un tema de debate en la literatura científica, los resultados evidencian similitudes en el tipo de temáticas que se defienden a nivel transnacional en Change.org, y sugieren que existirían peticiones externas al campo estrictamente político que movilizan de modo transversal a la ciudadanía en el campo digital.
Neste artigo, desenvolvemos o Modelo de Escalas da Visibilidade para mapear os percursos de visibilidade de midiativistas em países do Sul Global. Desenvolvido com base em observações digitais etnográficas e entrevistas em profundidade, o modelo é aplicado em dois estudos de caso: a) ativistas de uma favela brasileira que utilizam as mídias sociais como proteção contra a violência policial (Maré Vive) e b) um fotógrafo Queniano que produz imagens noturnas de Nairobi para discutir temáticas sociais (Msingi Sasis). O estudo oferece uma discussão teórica acerca do midiativismo e analisa as múltiplas facetas do conceito de “visibilidade”. Espera-se oferecer uma contribuição à maneira como ativistas de comunidades marginalizadas podem se fortalecer quando se deparam com uma visibilidade negativa não intencional.
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