The Art of Healthy Neurophilocommunication

Abstract

Communication in the digital age has been transformed into more complicated ways due to various mediums and platforms based on information technology and digital devices. The digital age has brought about complex changes to communication through the use of technology and digital devices. It has more threats as well as benefits and innovations. In the meantime, many people who engaged in communication don’t fully take advantages but fall into miscommunication due to lack of digital literacy. In particular, in the field of health services, the threats of digital communication would make people, for instances the patients, in danger. While it offers benefits and innovations, it also brings new threats, particularly in the field of healthcare where miscommunication can harm patients mentally and physically. The miscommunication, misunderstanding etc. would harm their health mentally and physically. To address these issues, it is crucial to explore and analyze communication from multiple perspectives using scientific approaches. Hence, thinking and research on communication is extremely important. Various scientific approaches should be applied to analyze and sharpen communication in multiple perspectives. This manuscript discusses soft-skills of communication in the field of health issues of the digital era. This study is an attempt to invent the theoretical foundation of the ways in communication throughout analytical and philosophical approaches. It is Neurophilocommunication (NPC) that comprise of thoughts in communication that could be applied in the field of health issues on digital base and platforms.This study proposes NPC, a concept combining communication and neuroscience to enhance communication in healthcare in the digital era. The goal is to establish a theoretical foundation for effective communication and to improve the health outcomes of patients.

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The Art of Healthy Neurophilocommunication
Dito Anurogo1,2, Niken Sasadhara Sasmita3,4, Ubed Abdilah Syarif5,6, Nur
Rahmah Awaliah1, Budhy Munawar Rachman7, Jia Yi Wang (
王
家儀
) 8,9
1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar,
Indonesia
2International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of
Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
4Specialist Doctor Education Program of Clinical Pathology, Universitas Airlangga
5 Pradita University, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
6Al-Mustafa International University (MIU), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
7Driyarkara School of Philosophy (STF), Jakarta, Indonesia
8Chief Executive Officer (CEO), TMU Research Center of Neuroscience
9Taipei Neuroscience Institute
Email Correspondence: dito.anurogo@med.unismuh.ac.id
Article History: Received August 13, 2023; Revised September 12, 2023; Accepted
October 04, 2023
Abstract: Communication in the digital age has been transformed into more complicated
ways due to various mediums and platforms based on information technology and digital
devices. The digital age has brought about complex changes to communication through
the use of technology and digital devices. It has more threats as well as benefits and
innovations. In the meantime, many people who engaged in communication don’t fully
take advantages but fall into miscommunication due to lack of digital literacy. In
particular, in the field of health services, the threats of digital communication would
make people, for instances the patients, in danger. While it offers benefits and
innovations, it also brings new threats, particularly in the field of healthcare where
miscommunication can harm patients mentally and physically. The miscommunication,
misunderstanding etc. would harm their health mentally and physically. To address these
issues, it is crucial to explore and analyze communication from multiple perspectives
using scientific approaches. Hence, thinking and research on communication is extremely
important. Various scientific approaches should be applied to analyze and sharpen
communication in multiple perspectives. This manuscript discusses soft-skills of
communication in the field of health issues of the digital era. This study is an attempt to
invent the theoretical foundation of the ways in communication throughout analytical and
philosophical approaches. It is Neurophilocommunication (NPC) that comprise of
thoughts in communication that could be applied in the field of health issues on digital
base and platforms.This study proposes NPC, a concept combining communication and
neuroscience to enhance communication in healthcare in the digital era. The goal is to
establish a theoretical foundation for effective communication and to improve the health
outcomes of patients.
Keywords: neurophilocommunication, communication, philosophy, phenomenology.

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Copyright ⓒ 2023 Authors
INTRODUCTION
The current mode of communication requires more skill and capability in coping of
technically information and digital technology driven communication that changes
overtime in day to day development of digital era. The world has transformed and became
much more complicated, people found many more disruptions in every single of life parts
including the way of human communication. Effective communication has become
increasingly important in today's digital era. With the rapid development of digital
technology, communication has become more complex and disrupted in various aspects
of life. Digitalized communication between communicator and communican transmissed
in meta data, codes, signs or texts created the algorythm of messages, people, interests,
and communities. The cyberworld is now assumed as main reality to some people who
engage almost whole their life in it. Digital communication involves the transmission of
metadata, codes, signs, and texts, creating algorithms of messages, people, interests, and
communities. But many people do not recognize even do not realize what is precisely
going on in the cyberworld due to lack of digital literacy. It resulted the
miscommunication, misperception, misunderstanding and misinformation that often make
disinformation. The messages eventually corrupt that may create disharmony between
parties who engage in communication.Some individuals engage almost all of their life in
the cyberworld, which is considered the main reality for them. However, many people
lack digital literacy, resulting in miscommunication, misperception, misunderstanding,
and misinformation. These issues can create disharmony between communicating parties.
Communication problems have gotten increasingly difficult to solve in this age of
digital technology. Especially when taking into account the existence of the metaverse,
telemedicine, teleportation, and other technological developments in communication
based on AI, DL, and ML. In order to generate communication patterns that are Islamic,
respectful, open, productive, ethical, and cultural, the digital society calls for a strategy
that is all-encompassing and interdisciplinary. One of the "soft talents" that is essential in
today's world is the ability to communicate effectively. There are five types of soft skills
that are absolutely necessary in this day and age. To start, skills in interpersonal and
group communication. Second, a disposition toward acting with ethics and integrity in
one's behaviour. Third, the ability to manage change in the environment (diversity). The
fourth quality is the ability to motivate others. Fifth, hone your abilities in management
that are strategic and visionary (Cull, 2019). In this essay, we will investigate the art of
healthy Neurophilocommunication (NPC) 5.0 for philosophers, neuroscientists,
academicians, physicians, other medical professionals, and other scholars, students, and
community members living in the digital age for day-to-day life. The advancements in
AI, DL, and ML have brought about new forms of communication such as telemedicine
and teleportation. To effectively communicate in this digital age, a comprehensive and
interdisciplinary strategy is necessary. This includes five essential soft skills:
interpersonal and group communication, ethical and integrity-driven behavior,
adaptability to change, the ability to motivate others, and strategic and visionary
management. In this essay, we will explore the concept of Neurophilocommunication
(NPC) 5.0 as a solution to communication problems in the digital age, especially in the
fields of medicine, health, healthcare, and public health.
In particular,new kinds of communication in the field of medicine, health, healthcare
and public health emerged using digital technology. With the rise of digital technology in
health services, the need for proper communication has become more pressing. Now, we
have “virtual hospital”which operates telemedicine where medical services, health
consultations between doctors and patients, and medical treatments work on line. The
surge of pandemi of Covid’19 globally in last two years (2019-2021) has forced people to
be isolated, separated from the meetings, gathering or other face to face interactions or at
least kept in distance. This phenomenon has been called “the new normal” unlike
“normal” as usual. The health issues soon became a big deal and main concern as well for

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everyone, for communities, governments, and then came into global account and concern.
Hence, the way of communicating health issues has been questioned not only in the
medical services but also in many fields in relation with health.
Research questions in this study were started with raising the curiousity to find a
proper communication with less mistakes due to the increasing digital technology’s utility
particularly in health communication. How to make a good quality in transmitting
messages without any misperception or misinformation between parties who engage in
communication is one of main thing to be made in this research.Hopefully, this study
would discover the ways in creating a healthy communication.
There is a connection between communication in health services, online medication,
for giving excellent service for the community. A number of studies have been carried out
regarding this, including the title Application of Telenursing in Health Services:
Literature Review (Fadhila & Afriani, 2020). This study discusses the phenomenon of the
development of information and communication technology which has a major influence
in the field of health services, especially in the field of nursing. Nurses are required to be
able to use technology, which is then known as remote nursing services or telenursing.
Technologies and devices that can be used include telephones, personal digital assistants,
smartphones, facsimile machines, internet social media, video/audio conferencing,
teleradiology and other computer information systems. Telenursing can be implemented
in Indonesia, and has even been implemented throughout the world. Especially, in the era
of the Covid-19 pandemic, where the frequency of face-to-face or physical contact was
limited at that time. A number of studies have been conducted on the application of
telenursing in health services, demonstrating the significance of technology in the field of
nursing.
In this study, we investigate the theoretical foundation of what we call a
“Neurophilocommunication (NPC) that will hopefully construct a view and practice of
better communication in changing mode in the disrupted era due to digital and
information technology’s transformation particularly in health issues. We designed this
mode of communication which requires multiple methods and recognizing
interdisiplinary approaches. It suits for philosophers, neuroscientists, academicians,
physicians, other medical professionals, and other scholars, students, and community
members living in the digital age for day-to-day life. This study aims to investigate the
theoretical foundation of NPC as a mode of communication suitable for philosophers,
neuroscientists, academicians, medical professionals, scholars, students, and community
members. The research questions focus on finding ways to improve the quality of
communication, reducing misperception and misinformation between parties. The goal is
to discover ways to create a healthy form of communication.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Approaches in Communication’s Study
Communication encompasses all aspects of verbal and nonverbal human activity
that elicit responses from others. Communication consists of the communicator
(sender or sender of the message), the communicant (message recipient), the
message, the medium, and the effect or impact. Understanding communication
extends beyond a simple chat, discourse, or interview. All behaviors (gestures,
expressions, facial expressions, etc.) communicate specific and unique messages,
hence they are all types of communication (Sallee, 2018).
Communication may be defined as the process of transferring information
between two or more parties. This process is dynamic and interactive, resulting in
the eventual formation of mutual understanding. Colleagues are able to
communicate in a professional, cordial, and forthright manner in the workplace
(Rönnerhag et al., 2019).

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The language utilized is one that is understood by all employees at the location.
When connecting and speaking effectively, active listening and questioning
techniques are employed to create comfort (Coffelt et al., 2019).
Effective communication must also be pursued with patients, clients, colleagues,
and guests in order to prevent problems and satisfy all parties. The purpose of
communication (from the Latin term communicatus, which means "to share" or "to
belong together") is to share in a spirit of unity and kinship. The goal of every kind
of communication is for both parties to get an understanding of the message being
conveyed.
Another research that discusses the relationship between communication in
health services, online medication, for the sake of excellent service to the
community is entitled Public Health And Online Misinformation: Challenges And
Recommendations (Swire-Thompson & Lazer, 2019). The article discusses how the
internet has become a popular resource for learning about health. In fact, the
internet, through the many social media accounts and applications, provides tools to
investigate a person's health condition. This is both an opportunity and a challenge.
If it is used properly, supervised by parties who really understand about health and
technology, this condition can support people's lives. Conversely, if the available
social media accounts and health applications are only financially profit oriented, it
is possible to develop the technology without detailed supervision from doctors or
health experts. In fact, there are many channels that provide inaccurate information.
Therefore, policy makers must be able to form an online information ecosystem that
can be accounted for. It's not about producing the information. It is also a matter of
proportional supervision and control. Public sensitivity to filter information is also a
fundamental factor.
Meanwhile, a study entitled How Health Communication Via Tik Tok Makes A
Difference: A Content Analysis Of Tik Tok Accounts Run By Chinese Provincial
Health Committees explains the phenomenon of social media as a tool of health
campaigns in China, the country with the largest population in the world (Zhu et al.,
2020). As one of the countries with the largest population and area in the world,
China can be a reflection of how internet-based social media has become an
unavoidable phenomenon in human life. Therefore, strategic steps are needed to
utilize it, including in the field of health services. The provincial government in
China uses Tik Tok, one of the country's most popular social media platforms, as a
means of health campaigns. Not only to promote the program, through the
comments column, the public and official account admins can interact with each
other. What China is doing can be replicated in other countries, of course with all
kinds of adjustments. In China, Tik Tok is indeed the most popular, but in other
countries Instagram, Twitter or Facebook may be popular. Most importantly, the
government or policy makers must be adept at formulating programs for using
social media.
Harmonizing Information Literacy and Cultural Wisdom: Navigating the
Epoch of Informational Disruption
In the oscillating realms of informational influx, we stand on the precipice of a
cognitive renaissance. A paradigm where the sinuous elegance of communication is
not merely a vector of information transfer, but a meticulously crafted artwork that
weaves its threads across the vast tapestry of human cognitive and cultural expanse
(Tlostanova, 2023). The concept of communication, a symphonic interplay of
expressions, is undergoing a metamorphic transition, echoing a cosmic dance where
knowledge, culture, and technology intersect in harmonious synchrony (Chateau &
Moure, 2020).

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The copious influx of information, a direct beneficiary of policy liberalization,
has cast light upon the indispensable need to refine our intellectual apparatus
(Culpepper & Thelen, 2020). This isn’t merely an act of augmenting cognitive
capacities but is analogous to crafting a refined lens that can perceive, dissect, and
assimilate multifaceted informational spectra with laudable precision. The
postulates of Information Literacy, as enunciated by the International Federation of
Library Association and Institutions (IFLA), are not static doctrines but dynamic
elements that evolve, adapt, and resonate with the rhythmic oscillations of
informational dynamics (Maybee, 2023).
Yet, in this vivid mosaic of information transfer, there lies an understated art -
the art of encoding and decoding, a silent yet potent dance where meanings,
intentions, and expressions are intricately woven and unwoven. The sender and
receiver, though pivotal, are part of a grander theatre where messages and channels,
encoding and decoding, response and feedback converge in a harmonious ballet,
echoing the intricate dynamics of informational flow (Tota, 2023).
In this expansive paradigm, the tenets of metacommunication gain profound
significance. This dialogic interplay is a garden where meanings bloom in their
multifaceted splendor (Joubin, 2023). Each interaction is a seed, and every
interpretation, a blossoming flower echoing the intricate dance of cognitive and
communicative exchange. The simulacra theory, juxtaposed in this narrative, casts a
reflective lens upon the manipulated realities, echoing the profound need to
navigate these constructed realms with informed discernment and critical acuity
(Pearl, 2023).
Echoing the philosophical and practical imperatives of Lasswell’s and Kotler’s
theories, communication transcends linear trajectories to embody a
multidimensional space (Si, 2019). Here, each message is a living entity, a dynamic
organism that adapts, evolves, and resonates within the intricate ecosystems of
societal, cultural, and individual contexts. The communicative objectives, hence,
are not mere transactions but dynamic interactions, echoing a harmony where
information and meanings are not just transferred but transformed (Pfeffermann &
Schaller, 2023).
As we transcend into the transcultural spheres, the incorporation of cultural and
indigenous wisdom emerges as a sanctified covenant (Díaz, 2020).
Paremiocommunication emerges as a sacred chalice, echoing the profound rhythms
of indigenous wisdom and cultural narratives (Lomas et al., 2022). Each message,
hence, becomes a pilgrimage, a sacred journey where informational contents and
cultural wisdom converge, echoing a symphony where cognitive comprehension and
cultural resonance dance in harmonious synchrony (Dikker et al., 2019).
The epoch of informational profusion beckons an integrated orchestration of
knowledge, cultural wisdom, and technological innovation (Garrard, 2023). Each
strand of communication is not just a vector of informational content but a profound
narrative echoing the multidimensional harmonies of human intelligence, cultural
richness, and technological innovation (Glattfelder, 2019; Zhang, 2022). In this
enigmatic dance, we are not mere participants but co-creators, each echo of
communication a silent verse in the unfolding sonnet of an informational
renaissance, echoing the profound dance of knowledge, wisdom, and humanistic
enrichment (Critchley, 2019; Wilson, 2020).

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Theory
Expert / Source
Year
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International Federation
of Library association
and Institutions (IFLA)
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Sharma, Sweta.. Information Literacy:
An Overview. Ilkogretim Online -
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Integrated marketing
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Belch GE, Michael AB. Advertising
and Promotion An Integrated
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Metacommunication theory
Samuel Mateus
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Mateus, Samuel. Metacommunication
as Second Order Communication.
Kome original Article. 2017;5(1):80-
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Simulacra theory
Jean Baudrillard
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Saumantri Teguh, Abdu Zikrillah.
Teori Simulacra Jean Baurdillard
Dalam Dunia Komunikasi Media
Massa. Jurnal Dakwah dan
Komunikasi. 2020;11(2):47-60
Lasswell communication
theory
Harold Lasswell
2021
Nurul Fatmawati. Berkomunikasi
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Berintegritas dan Penuh Semangat.
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marketing communication
Kotler dan Keller
2020
Firmansyah, Anang. Komunikasi
Pemasaran. Penerbit Qiara Media.
2020; ISBN: 978-623-7925-18-7
Neurocommunication
Neurocommunication, which relates to the communication of neuroscience, is
fraught with considerable challenges. How exactly can neuroscientists successfully
address these issues while also advancing their research program's objectives? Over
the past decade, attempts to transmit accurate information about new scientific
discoveries to the general public have expanded beyond the limit of unidirectional
efforts, despite the fact that this remains a central objective of science
communication. The public's expectation of meaningful participation and
conversation on ethical and social concerns resulting from research has led to the
creation of more interactive and multidirectional communication tactics. The public
expects to have input on the direction of scientific research, and neuroscientists feel
uneasy when making predictions about how society will react to the prospect of new
information and technologies (Penrod, 2023). In this setting, the number of persons
pushing for stronger direct communication between scientists, journalists, and the
general public has increased significantly. However, for individual scientists, the
time required for such successful science communication activities is considerable.
This is especially true if one considers communication to include not just the
dissemination of factual representations of neuroscience to the general public, but
also public engagement activities that often take the form of two-way forums where
debate and discussion can occur.

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Communication within the discipline of neuroscience has its own set of distinct
challenges (Kalra & O'Keeffe, 2011). To begin, the complexity of the brain. As new
understanding about the brain comes from a range of neuroscience subspecialties,
the importance of explaining complicated chemical pathways, as well as their
connections and effects, is growing (Freberg, 2015). Second, the mental and
physical significance of one's own life, philosophy, and religion. While challenging
the nature of "belief," scientific progress in understanding brain function and the
biological bases of behavior has the potential to result in socially charged
attributions of moral responsibility, new definitions of "normal" behavior, and a
deeper understanding of how humans think and learn. Thirdly, the effects of CNS
(central nervous system) illnesses on community health. Due to the widespread
effects that neurological disorders can have on an individual's life and on society,
there has been a great deal of attention and enthusiasm for recent advances in
neuroscience that promise to provide diagnostic tools, therapeutic interventions, and
even cures for neurological disorders (Jiang et al., 2022). Addressing the enormous
human and societal effects of CNS diseases.
Fourthly, individuals with neurological and mental health issues risk
discrimination. Due to the prevalence of unfavorable social views regarding the
causes and origins of mental health problems, it is difficult, and in some cases
impossible, to have significant public discussions about mental health issues (Illes
et al., 2010).
The Philosophy of Communication
The study of communication philosophy focuses on particulars in a manner that
is dependant on the environment, the passage of time, and the input of the public;
all of these variables are peculiar to public opinion (Bunge, 1999).
The philosophy of communication does not give us with unchallengeable
certainty; rather, it is put to the test of public opinion and provides a road map
detailing the specifics and providing ways to deal with those specifics (Habermas,
2006).
The basis for engaging in this practice is a commitment to the principle of
communication (Strosahl et al., 2012). The philosophy of communication is a form
of communicative architecture that necessitates an understanding map at every
level, from the most fundamental particulars to the most sophisticated degrees of
temporal comprehension, up to the revelation of a position in the public arena. This
comprehension map must start with the most fundamental details and progress to
the most complex levels of temporal comprehension (Burkhalter et al., 2002).
In the subject of communication theory, it is considered permissible to disagree
with an author's perspective as well as a communication philosophy. The pragmatic
communication theory acknowledges the variety of perspectives held by the public.
This realization is the outcome of accepting the possibility that a communication
theory could become obsolete and die out, only to be reborn by public opinion
(Jaszczolt & Jaszczolt, 2005).
When the major characters in a novel no longer feel that a specific philosophy of
communication can give an enactment that is logically consistent with the storyline,
that philosophy of communication will undergo some kind of transformation,
proliferation, atrophy, or extinction. This will occur when they no longer feel that
the philosophy of communication can provide a logically compatible execution with
the story's storyline. Those who have influence in the public sphere and a solid
grasp of a certain communication philosophy are accountable for preserving its life.
When this occurs, a new form of intellectual diversity emerges in the shape of a
novel technique of interpersonal communication.

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A simple philosophy of communication barely touches the surface of the
enormous and intricate area of communication. It is an admission to others of one's
preconceived views or biases in the field of communication science. The goal of a
communication philosophy should not be to gather an indisputable body of facts;
rather, it should be to improve people's ability to understand each other and
communicate successfully (Sokal, 2010).
The philosophy of communication is part of a larger community that includes
communicative drama, emplotment, and characters who help by confirming and
arguing public opinion, and who are always attentive to a story of the human
condition that calls for a broader perspective and cautions against conflating "new"
with progress (Johannesen et al., 2008).
This community also includes people who study the evolution of communication
throughout history. This society of communicative theatre, communicative
planning, and communicative characters seeks to aid in the affirmation and
discussion of public opinion (Bouchard, 2017).
Phenomenology of Communication
Husserl chooses the first horn of the dilemma, which is to reject the "inevitable"
Aristotelian worldview, as he previously viewed it. He acknowledges that this was
an error. Therefore, he disagrees with the concept that the lógos semantikós does
not have a unique relationship with the apóphasis. In this manner, non-declarative
sentences are not the primary carriers of meaning; rather, they express evaluations
of actions we have undertaken. The argument, according to Husserl purists, is
consistent with his previous theoretical work. To begin with, only acts with an
objective nature, such as theistic or postulating acts, have an intentional matter that
can be categorized as nominal or propositional, and are thus the only ones that give
meaning. The second type of utterance, the declarative phrase, combines an act of
objectification with a propositional topic. This type of clause is known as a
proclamation. Third, the declarative phrase has a signifying function (a "lógos ti
kata tinós") different from the intuitive satisfaction (the cognitive function) and the
intimating (kundgebende) use of expressive symbols. This operation is known as a
"lógos ti kata tinós" (the communicative function) (Alves, 2022).
Two distinct conjugated processes are applied to reduce the meaning of
expression (Ausdruck) to its essential core (especially the third point, above)
(Zahavi, 2003). First, by offering evidence that intuitive presentations do not
contribute to the purpose of signifying, as neither the meaning nor the numerous
accompanying mental representations are formed by the intuitive acts themselves.
Instead, it is possible for the intentional act to create a reference to an empty object;
the intention already has its object before the intuitive act enters a relation of
fulfillment. Gaining knowledge through experience (German: Erlebnis), also called
"experience," is the key to experiencing pleasure (Jantzen, 2013). However, its
presence is not essential to comprehending the expression's meaning. Consequently,
it is feasible to signal without completely grasping the message. Second, by
emphasizing the most extreme manifestation of the signifying function, the
soliloquy. We do not require the intimating function of the signals in the "lonely
existence of the soul" (im einsamen Seelenleben) since we are aware of our own
thoughts at all times. Thus, both the utterance (usserung) and the physical
embodiment can be eliminated, leaving only the core notion (Wortlaut).
Consequently, it is possible to transmit meaning without speaking a single word. In
light of this, Husserl believes that signifying is more essential than either knowing
or speaking. This is because signifying continues to exist as an independent
function of expression even if knowledge and communication are gone. The

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significance of signification is central to all types of communication (Woollacott,
2005).
The Psychoanalytic Approach of Communication
Psychoanalysis describes communication as the "making known" of thoughts,
which relates to a speaker-capacity subject's to articulate their own ideas (Gifford &
Gration, 2022).
Despite its incorporation of positivist sender-receiver models and theories of
information transfer, this perspective is grounded in Lacanian psychoanalysis,
which demonstrates that the content of human communication (thought itself) is not
predetermined but rather formed during the course of conversation (Fink, 1997). On
the other hand, only positivist sender-receiver models and theories of information
flow are widely regarded as genuine (Cabrera et al., 2021). The psychoanalytic
interview demonstrates that communication is not always planned, but it can have
tremendous impacts on an individual's well-being and, by extension, their material
status (Allen et al., 2022). This remark illustrates how the appropriation of language
by an individual can result in the accumulation of an emotional history. It also
demonstrates that articulating the significance of that history to a subject's well-
being is both doable and advantageous. In intentional, purposeful communication, a
speaker-subject may expose their genuine intentions via slips of the tongue, words
forgotten or spoken out of context, gestures, and tone of voice, among other means.
During the analytical discourse, the subject may not be able to express everything
on their mind, but what they do say is still significant (Weate, 2021). The binding
impact of language promises more effective and possibly even "successful"
exchanges of ideas, but does not guarantee this. This is true even when words
cannot sufficiently convey the subject's vastness (Lee et al., 2021).
Health Communication
Health communication is derived by combining the terms communication and
health. This chapter's introduction provided a concise explanation of
communication comprehension (Berry, 2006). According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), health is not just the absence of disease, infirmity, or
impairment but rather the presence of all these that allow people to participate fully
in society and the economy (Organization, 2001).
The definition of health is expansive and difficult to express due to its
multifaceted nature (Pärna, 2005). For example: personal, biomedical, and societal.
Consequently, health is a state / condition of a person free from all physical
ailments and mental disorders, which are in fact complex and sometimes not
evident.
On the basis of some of the aforementioned definitions of health, we can
conclude that health communication is the process of sending health messages
through specific medium from the message sender to the message recipient. The
approach strives to explain, enlighten, and direct (both physical and spiritual) health
components holistically and thoroughly in order to attain human behavior for
society welfare (Werder, 2019).
When compared to general communication, the messages in health
communication are specific and distinct. Typically about the challenges or patterns
of health that the community faces. For instance, COVID-19.
The following are a few of the ways that health communication has been defined
by scholars and professionals. Educating, persuading, and inspiring people,
organizations, and communities to take action to enhance their health and the health
of their communities is the goal of health communication.

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The theory, research, and practice of health communication are concerned with
the understanding and interdependence influencing communication (symbolic
interactions in the form of messages and meanings) and health-related attitudes,
behaviors, and outcomes. In health communication, both parties actively engage in
back-and-forth conversation in an effort to reach a consensus on a shared
understanding of health issues. It's a way for both parties to refresh their mutual
understanding by obtaining unbiased health data.Health communication is a
deliberate endeavor to influence public health behavior utilizing a variety of
communication principles and techniques, including interpersonal and mass
communication (Gupta et al., 2021).
The following principles are 12 fundamental to healthy communication ethics in
the digital era. 1. Pray before and after doing activities in cybers pace (internet). 2.
Increase critical reading from trusted website sources. 3. Read scripture and
scientific references/journals more often than social media. 4. Not all viral news or
things contain the truth. Not all truths become viral news. 5. Be and behave as a
netizen (internet citizen) as you want to be treated by other netizens. 6. Do miniriset
(check, confirm, clarify) when you receive news or information from social media.
7. You should not immediately share any news or videos you receive. 8. Think
before commenting. 9. Comment politely, courteously, ethically and culturally. 10.
Avoid toxic friendships and respect your time on social media. 11. Avoid constant
status updates, watch out for sexual predators. 12. Parents should always
accompany their sons and daughters on the internet and social media.
METHODOLOGY
It is a philosophical investigation that comprise of multidisiplinary approaches to
construct theoretical foundation of “Neurophilocommunication”, a genealogical study to
invent a model of communication that is adaptable to various disruptions in the era of
digital age particularly in health field, medicine services or telemedicine and or in public
health. The genelogy observes the root of a concept, a discourse or a pattern to uncover
the nature and original meanings. In doing so, genealogical study traces the historical
foundationz to construct the actual considerations what the concept or theory works or
being apllied properly.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Health Communication Goals
Health communication has multiple functions (Hsieh & Kramer, 2021). First, to
encourage people and society to keep their bodies and health so that they are always in
good shape. Second, providing an environment favourable to the development of clean
and healthy lifestyle habits.
Third, transmit, forward, and disseminate accurate health information in order to create
a sustainable information chain that has a positive effect on the larger community. Fourth,
empower the people to make decisions independently, especially about their own health.
The pragmatic and practical objectives of health communication are outlined herein
(Brookes & Hunt, 2021). First, enhance community competency and effective
communication abilities. Verbal and nonverbal communication skills are essential for
disseminating health messages and information to the public.
Second, enhancing health practitioners' understanding of the process and dynamics of
health communication. For instance, the principle of effective communication, the content
or message of communication between humans, how to compose content so that
messages are conveyed and distributed effectively, communication media selection

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strategies, screening targets or information targets, setting feedback, and public responses
to communicators.
Third, health practitioners must comprehend the interplay between the audience and
the public when communicating. Fourth, comprehend the relationship between the
conduct of individuals who are provided with health information and the many facets of
health. Form attitudes, practices, habits, and a culture of clean and healthy living. This
fifth objective is the overall objective of health communication. The five objectives must
be combined so that health practitioners have the appropriate attitudes, behaviors, and
ethics for effectively communicating the substance of health services or messages to the
public. For health information to be properly transmitted, persuasive communication and
great self-assurance are required.
Health communication provides practitioners and students with numerous concrete
benefits (Jourdan et al., 2021). First, comprehend the interdependencies between
numerous health and behavior factors. Increasing public and public comprehension and
awareness of health is the second objective. Thirdly, identify the level and kind of talents
(soft skills) required to improve the community's health, preventive, advocacy, and health
service delivery systems. Implement health intervention strategies and techniques at the
community or community level. Fifth, addressing health care inequalities or discrepancies
between people, ethnic groups, and tribes in a society.
Sixth, refresh the function of health professionals. By expanding the capacity,
competence, knowledge, and abilities of health workers and medical teams, bolstering the
health service superinfrastructure, constructing networks and partnerships, and fostering
accountability and transparency in health services. Knowing, evaluating, and analyzing
health service demands is the seventh step. For the benefit of the general public, the
future super-infrastructure of public health services should be strengthened (Sharma &
Sharma, 2021).
Communication and Professionalism
Professionalism requires proficient communication in all fields. The increasing
quantity of books written on the subject of communication is evidence of the subject's
centrality in the modern world (Gilliat-Ray et al., 2021). In addition to the difficulties of
communication with a defined persona (patient-doctor), there are soft skills connected to
written, group, team, and interprofessional acts that must be taught. Also, since we live in
the age of digital technology and the millennial generation, we need to think about the
long-term effects of the internet as well as the effects of more recent mobile technologies
(based on microchips and nanotechnology), such as personal digital assistants and
smartphones, which are growing quickly and have a lot to offer in the field of medicine
(Jemielniak, 2020).
Furthermore, we must recognize the impact of the media, particularly television, on the
behavior of patients, medical professionals, and other healthcare workers. Not to mention
those who face additional communication challenges due to mental health issues, physical
illnesses, or learning disabilities. Some of the new communication challenges that both
patients and medical professionals face include the evolution of information on the
Internet (World Wide Web) and new web technologies (such as social networks), the
communication of risks and benefits, the fact that research findings frequently reach the
public through the Internet or other media before the profession is aware of them, and so
on.
Professional behavior and abilities are characterized by the capacity to communicate
with varied groups of people and to be easily understood (Pfeifer & Scheier, 2001). Due
to this, professional training now devotes a larger portion of the curriculum to the
instruction and evaluation of "communication skills." Indeed, the basic curriculum for

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medical and health education communication has been widely discovered and published
(Mumford & Gustafson, 1988).
Historically, communication training in medical colleges has focused entirely on
communication between the professional (medical team) and the patient; however, this
has begun to change (Davis et al., 2021). To address communication with colleagues and
other professionals, for example. However, there are numerous situations and
relationships that necessitate effective communication, and each has its own unique art.
The medical curriculum does not address all topics and facets of communication
(Renatovna & Renatovna, 2021).
Communication Barriers
Various obstacles (barriers) must be quickly overcome in the process of effective
communication (Hai et al., 2021). These obstacles include of personal and organizational
obstacles. Lack of ability, soft skills, and training, poor language skills (especially
International language proficiency), lack of understanding that effective and clear
communication is important, negative behavior and attitudes when communicating,
explanations to patients are not considered the highest priority, lack of time, fatigue, and
stress are examples of personal barriers(Sharma, 2021). Organizational impediments to
effective communication may include employment constraints, suppression of patient
throughput, and a culture or practice that excludes patients from decision making (Scott,
2003).
Miscommunication is also known as misunderstanding, misperception, or a reaction or
acceptance of a communication process that is incorrect (Aririguzoh, 2022). Professional
expertise is accompanied by its own jargon. A profession's specific body of knowledge is
accompanied with a specialized vocabulary. In healthcare, interning freshmen and
medical students are at the bottom of the professional ladder. They adopted the language
chosen by their profession or elders without delay. Jargon is not always an efficient
method of communication (Feinberg & Willer, 2019).
Many medical personnel appear to forget that not all patients are medical problem
experts. The employment of jargon as a security or protective shield is common among
junior doctors. It can also be used purposely to mislead non-professionals, which is a key
characteristic of skilled professionals. "Isn't he intelligent, using all those big words?"
In 1970, American sociologist and prominent critic of the medical profession Eliot
Freidson stated that doctors intentionally hide information from patients in order to
maintain their dominance and professional authority (Gay & Pedersen, 2020). Providing
information in words that a layperson cannot comprehend can be interpreted as a failure
of communication. Such behavior results from a physician's 'tremendous isolation' from
the larger society and leads to the exercise of irrational social control.
During the era of paternalism and the prior "doctor must know and offer best" jargon,
not only were difficult phrases employed to keep the patient in the dark, but the names of
drugs and ailments were also withheld from patients.Several things contribute to
misunderstandings (Pantazi et al., 2021). First, incorrect presumptions. This assumption is
comparable to bias, which is a false assumption that has not been demonstrated to be true,
but which someone already believes. Second, the lack of context or message
comprehension during the communication process. Third, the misrepresentation of
information that is, the meaning of the information communicated becomes prejudiced or
perverted.
Communication distortion is a type of misinterpretation that occurs during
conversations, typically owing to cultural and perceptual differences (Kapur, 2018). It
may also be the result of variances in communication perception due to an individual's
accent, pronunciation, intonation, dialect, accent, pronunciation, and speaking style.
Fourth, psychological disorders. The psychological or psychological state of a person can

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have a significant impact on the message's comprehension. To avoid misinterpretation, do
not force yourself to participate in lengthy discussions when you are exhausted.
Strategies to Avoid Miscommunication
A few measures can be used to prevent miscommunication throughout the process of
speaking or discussing (Aaronson, 2019). Before speaking, carefully consider your
words. In other words, speak infrequently. A intelligent man mulls over his words a
thousand times before speaking. He considers the emotions of his interlocutor. When
speaking, he takes into account numerous variables and concerns so that his words are
easy to comprehend and do not lead to misunderstandings. Second, be an attentive
listener. Patients should feel comfortable venting to their physicians. After the patient had
expressed all of his or her complaints and problems, the physician explained the answer.
Finally, ask. This procedure is straightforward. In order to avoid misunderstanding,
inquire immediately whether there are any ambiguous points or statements.
Fourth, deliberate thought. Likewise, this procedure is straightforward. Discuss many
topics as well as any expectations, thoughts, barriers, and communication dynamics.
Fifth, etiquette. In other words, when conversing, one should be polite by toning down
their voice. Sixth, be truthful. When interacting with all parties in the deliberation, bring
up any internal and mental difficulties, challenges, and roadblocks. The communicated
message should be clear.
Significance of Communication’s skill for practitioner in medical and health field
The community is expected to participate actively in the process of health
communication (Health & Services, 2018). Not merely as an object, but also as a topic.
Especially in the digital age, when social media is dominated by misinformation and
health hoaxes.
Here are some techniques for encouraging public and patient participation in health
communication and service delivery (Holmes et al., 2019). First, health professionals
comprehend the patients' and the public's skills, competencies, values, passions, and
preferences. When the medical community comprehends the public's wants and needs, it
will be easier to deliver health messages to them. Second, patients and the general public
are presented with a clear and valid option (informed choice), as opposed to a passive
option or consequence with high levels of ambiguity (passive consent). Third, training in
collaborative decision-making (between health professionals and patients/the public).
Fourth, decision making and research based on evidence for the benefit of patients and
the public. Fifth, educate the public and patients on how to understand clinical evidence.
Accessibility to electronic health records or virtual medical records, in line with current
rules and regulations, for patients and the general public. Conducting a patient experience
survey to enhance or enhance the quality of priority health services is the seventh
objective. When medical errors or omissions occur, patients and their families should be
treated with candor and compassion. Accessibility to comparison data on quality and
outcomes for the public (Sheikh et al., 2021).
As a foundation for growing the competence of physicians, the difficulties of the
medical profession still require a strengthening of professional behavior, self-awareness,
self-development, and effective communication. A physician with ideal qualities
possesses professional, competent, ethical, administrative, and leadership abilities
(Mishra, 2021).
The competency of physicians is supported by information management, scientific
underpinnings of medical science, clinical skills, and health problem management.
Effective communication includes conversing with patients and their families, dealing
with coworkers, and interacting with the community (Goyal & Hegele, 2022).

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Excellent communication is one of the needed skills for physicians or doctors.
Effective communication needs the capacity to research and exchange verbal and
nonverbal information with patients of all ages, family members, community members,
coworkers, and professionals from other fields (Ammentorp et al., 2021). Given this
framework, it is expected that doctoral graduates can communicate with patients and their
families, work partners (colleagues and other professionals), and the community.
The doctor's competence in communicating with patients and their families includes
the ability to build relationships through verbal and nonverbal communication, empathize
verbally and nonverbally, communicate using polite and understandable language, listen
actively to explore health problems holistically and comprehensively, convey health-
related information (including bad news, informed consent), and conduct counseling in a
respectful, good, and correct manner (Govindaraju, 2021).
Competence in communicating with work partners (colleagues and other professions)
encompasses a wide range of skills, such as the ability to provide accurate and relevant
information to law enforcement, health insurance companies, the media, and other parties
as needed, as well as the ability to present scientific information effectively (Valadares et
al., 2021).
A doctor's skill in engaging with the community includes communicating with patients
and community members to jointly identify and solve health problems, as well as
advocating with connected parties to resolve individual, family, and community health
issues (Taylor et al., 2021).
A physician or general practitioner must possess exceptional interpersonal skills.
Practical and pragmatic competencies include the following: the ability to communicate
verbally and in writing; the ability to educate, advise, and train individuals and groups on
health; the ability to develop health management plans; the ability to conduct therapeutic
consultations; the ability to communicate verbally with friends, colleagues, and other
health workers (referral process and consultation); and the ability to conduct therapeutic
consultations (Braithwaite et al., 2021; Henry et al., 2022).
The Neurophilocommunication
When discussing the notion of Neurophilocommunication 5.0 (figure 1) in depth, it is
vital to explore many scientific and interdisciplinary views. Beginning with neuroscience,
philosophy, communication, phenomenology, and the progression of science and
technology. Literacy with the notion of balance and harmony in all directions is the
objective. Individuals with high literacy intelligence and emotional and intellectual
maturity are able to converse. Communication must be supported by various factors, such
as teamwork, channel, and cost-effectiveness, for it to be effective. Communication on a
global scale must also take into account numerous viewpoints, including education,
economy, digitalization, health, sociocultural, impact, and geopolitics. Obviously,
additional factors, such as regulation, policy, local wisdom, culture, politics, and
ideology, must also be addressed.

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Figure 1. The Art of Neurophilocommunication (NPC)
Designed by: Dito Anurogo (2023)
The absence of time and location limitations made possible by the proliferation of
digital communication is especially advantageous for knowledge workers (Cascio, 2000).
Theoretically, a person can work wherever, whenever, for as many hours, and at whatever
location they like, with no constraints (realizing choices). In this age of constant
connectedness, it may be tempting to focus solely on these allegedly advantageous sorts
of independence, but one must be prepared for unforeseen consequences such as the
creation of an expectation of constant availability (Koroma et al., 2014).
During a digital transfer, information is represented by binary numbers known as
"bits," also referred to by their abbreviated form. Because of this quality, information that
may be represented by a range of values is said to as analog (Netravali, 2013). The
majority of modern data transmission technologies are digital or entail the conversion of
digital signals to analog signals. In today's digital environment, it is significantly more
challenging to set such standards (Saarikko et al., 2020). Digital media is distinguished by
its quick storage, duplication, and broadcast of information. Since the time of Socrates,
the written word has been permitted considerably more freedom to "roam about"
(Kalimtzis, 2017).
When it comes to digital interactions, human rights protect both the freedom of the
individual and his or her right to a private existence. As previously said, we appreciate
honesty, politeness, decency, prudence, moderation, openness, openness to new ideas,
tact, tolerance, and dependability in our digital and non-digital communicators. This
holds true for both our modern and analog communication methods. These are not
challenges that can be reduced to specific requests from individuals, which is the normal
strategy of the human rights movement. Instead, they are challenges that the human rights
sector cannot tackle. Agents should, on the contrary, battle for these standards because
doing so forms them into the kind of persons they have good reason to be and because it
shapes social reality in a certain way. This is because this exercise transforms them into
reasonable individuals.
Neurophilocommunication in Telemedicine
Telemedicine is a service that improves a patient's health by allowing two-way, real-
time interactive communication between the patient and a distant physician (Waller &
Stotler, 2018). Telehealth and telemedicine are comparable but not interchangeable.
Telehealth is the use of telecommunications and IT to deliver health assessment,
diagnosis, intervention, consultation, supervision, and information remotely. Telehealth is

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a broader definition of telemedicine that incorporates telephones, email, and remote
patient monitoring (RPM) devices for health education or ancillary healthcare services.
Mobile and electronic technology have made telemedicine more accessible. Almost
90% of Americans use the internet. About 81% of Americans have smartphones, 75%
have desktop or laptop computers, and 50% have tablets or e-readers (Zickuhr & Madden,
2012). Mobile technology availability has helped telemedicine improve. Internet use in
healthcare is currently widespread. Electronic medical records store and access patient
and provider medical information (Susanto & Chen, 2017). Patients can view findings,
refill prescriptions, and communicate their doctor using these services. Live video
synchronous telemedicine allows us to interact face-to-face with providers in real time.
Store-and-Forward or asynchronous telemedicine lets us transfer imaging, labs, or exam
results for later interpretation. We use smartphone cameras, digital stethoscopes,
ophthalmoscopes, otoscopes, and wearable biosensors to improve telemedicine for
patients and clinicians. RPM records and transmits data from mobile devices to healthcare
providers.
Continued study is needed to improve the physical exam for telemedicine
consultations, especially in specialities where patient touch is critical. Now is the moment
to implement telemedicine services. We'll be ready for the next epidemic and healthcare's
future if we accomplish this.
The Neuriphilocommunication for Metaverse
Telemedicine will use wetaverse. Telemedicine has risen in recent years, especially
after the COVID-19 pandemic and movement limitations. Metaverse will increase the
number of customers who use this technology to receive professional care (Sun et al.,
2022). With advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), nanorobotics, Augmented
Reality (AR), and Virtual Reality (VR), the demand and supply chain have widened
patients' choices, changing consumer behavior. The progressive medical sector is ready to
adopt Metaverse (Bhugaonkar et al., 2022).
The Metaverse is a Web 3.0 technology that uses AI, VR, and AR to help front-line
pandemic employees function better and ease post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
symptoms. The metaverse expands typical telemedicine services, allowing doctors to
examine patients in a safe virtual environment to diagnose and cure certain ailments
(Yang et al., 2022). First, with the convergence of blockchain, digital twins, convergence,
and virtual hospitals into the Metaverse, clinicians will be able to offer more
comprehensive treatment packages and programs. Second, AR and VR improve patient
experiences and outcomes. Accuvein uses AR to let healthcare providers visualize
patients' veins.
Metaverse for telemedicine will facilitate healthcare professional collaboration.
Sharing information between healthcare providers will speed up ailment diagnosis.
Students and trainees will be able to investigate the human body in a safe, virtual reality
instructional environment (Petrigna & Musumeci, 2022).
The Metaverse opens up new possibilities in minimally-invasive surgery, where
physicians currently use VR, AR, and AI. Using immersive technologies, surgeons can
acquire a 360-degree image of a patient's body to execute complicated procedures.The
Metaverse could transform mental healthcare by allowing doctors to employ immersive
technologies to treat anxiety, delusions, hallucinations, and eating disorders (Chung,
2022). Metaverse helps develop virtual hospitals, convergence, blockchain technology,
and digital twins in addition to future telemedicine.

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CONCLUSION
The Neurophilocommunication (NPC) is a theoretical construction based on various
approaches in communication study. The what so called “NPC”emerged as an offer to
handle the problems and threats or challenges of communication particularly in the issues
on health which is now much more complicated for rising the use of digital base tools,
mediums and platforms. Future research on “NPC” would be meaningful on the basis of
experiments, practices or observations.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the authors of Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar Indonesia, International PhD
Program for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei
Medical University Taiwan, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas
Negeri Surabaya, Specialist Doctor Education Program of Clinical Pathology,
Universitas Airlangga, Pradita University, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, Al-
Mustafa International University (MIU), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran,
Driyarkara School of Philosophy (STF), Jakarta, Indonesia, Chief Executive Officer
(CEO), TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Neuroscience Institute, for
supporting the publication of this article.
Author Contribution
All authors contributed equally to the main contributor to this paper, all authors
read and approved the final paper, and all authors declared no conflict of interest.
Conflicts of Interest
All authors declare no conflict of interest.
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