ArticlePDF Available

Further notes on the fossorial wolf spiders of Central Asia and the Near East (Aranei, Lycosidae)

December 2023
rej 32(4):475-512

DOI:10.15298/arthsel.32.4.12

Authors:

Russian Academy of Sciences

The paper presents new taxonomic-faunistic data on 25 species of the fossorial Lycosidae (Aranei) from Central Asia and the Near East. The lectotype male is designated for Tarentula fedotovi Charitonov, 1946. New combinations have been proposed for four species: Alopecosa nigriventris (Schmidt, 1895), comb.n., stat.n. (ex Lycosa), Asiacosa ambigua Denis, 1947, comb.n. (ex Arctosa), A. asiatica Sytshevskaja, 1980, comb.n. (ex Lycosa), and A. kulagini Spassky, 1941, comb.n. (ex Lycosa). One genus – Asiacosa gen.n. (Central Asia) – and 10 species are described as new to science: viz., Alopecosa darvaz sp.n. (♀; Tajikistan), A. pamirica sp.n. (♀; Tajikistan), A. safidorak sp.n. (♀; Tajikistan), A. zonsteini sp.n. (♂♀; Uzbekistan), Asiacosa babatagh sp.n. (♀; Uzbekistan), Karakumosa ferganensis sp.n. (♀; Uzbekistan), K. ovtchinnikovi sp.n. (♂♀; Uzbekistan), K. severtsovi sp.n. (♀; Tajikistan), Lycosa uzbekistanica sp.n. (♀; Uzbekistan), Zyuzicosa kvak sp.n. (♂♀; Tajikistan). The name Karakumosa golestanica Shafaie, Nadolny et Mirshamsi, 2022, syn.n. is synonymized with K. turanica Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020. The unknown male is described for Lycosa aragogi Nadolny et Zamani, 2017 from Iran.

Content uploaded by Dmitri Logunov

Content may be subject to copyright.

Arthropoda Selecta 32(4): 475–512

Spassky, 1941, comb.n. (ex Lycosa). Один род —

Asiacosa gen.n. (Центральная Азия) — и 10 видов

описаны, как новые для науки: viz., Alopecosa darvaz

sp.n. ($; Таджикистан), A. pamirica sp.n. ($; Таджи-

кистан), A. safidorak sp.n. ($; Таджикистан), A.

zonsteini sp.n. (#$; Узбекистан), Asiacosa babatagh

sp.n. ($; Узбекистан), Karakumosa ferganensis sp.n.

($; Узбекистан), K. ovtchinnikovi sp.n. (#$; Узбеки-

стан), K. severtsovi sp.n. ($; Таджикистан), Lycosa

uzbekistanica sp.n. ($; Узбекистан), Zyuzicosa kvak

sp.n. (#$; Таджикистан). Название Karakumosa

golestanica Shafaie, Nadolny et Mirshamsi, 2022,

syn.n. синонимизировано с K. turanica Logunov et

Ponomarev, 2020. Описан неизвестный самец для

Lycosa aragogi Nadolny et Zamani, 2017 из Ирана.

Introduction

The fossorial Lycosidae of Middle Asia and the

Near East have been the subject of recent taxonomic

studies by a number of authors (e.g., Logunov [2010,

2012, 2013, 2020]; Logunov & Gromov [2011]; Nado-

lny & Zamani [2017, 2020]; Fomichev [2020, 2023];

Logunov & Fomichev [2021]; Armiach Steinpress et

al. [2022]; Shafaie et al. [2022a,b]; Zamani et al.

[2022]; etc.). According to Logunov & Ponomarev

[2020: Table], a total of 30 species of burrowing ly-

cosids have been recorded/described from Middle Asia,

with some of the old records still requiring verification

by reference to the pertinent material. For instance,

Schmidt [1895: all sub. Lycosa spp.] recorded 10 fos-

sorial lycosid species from Middle Asia, of which most

are still of questionable taxonomic status. Some of

Schmidt’s records have already been clarified. For in-

stance, the record of Lycosa latifasciata (Kroneberg,

1875) from Tajikistan (Yashil’kul’) was re-classified

by Charitonov [1946: 22] as a new species Tarentula

ABSTRACT. The paper presents new taxonomic-

faunistic data on 25 species of the fossorial Lycosidae

(Aranei) from Middle Asia and the Near East. The

lectotype male is designated for Tarentula fedotovi

Charitonov, 1946. New combinations have been pro-

posed for four species: Alopecosa nigriventris (Schmidt,

1895), comb.n., stat.n. (ex Lycosa), Asiacosa ambigua

Denis, 1947, comb.n. (ex Arctosa), A. asiatica Sy-

tshevskaja, 1980, comb.n. (ex Lycosa), and A. kulagini

Spassky, 1941, comb.n. (ex Lycosa). One genus —

Asiacosa gen.n. (Central Asia) — and 10 species are

described as new to science: viz., Alopecosa darvaz

sp.n. ($; Tajikistan), A. pamirica sp.n. ($; Tajikistan),

A. safidorak sp.n. ($; Tajikistan), A. zonsteini sp.n.

(#$; Uzbekistan), Asiacosa babatagh sp.n. ($; Uzbeki-

stan), Karakumosa ferganensis sp.n. ($; Uzbekistan),

K. ovtchinnikovi sp.n. (#$; Uzbekistan), K. severtsovi

sp.n. ($; Tajikistan), Lycosa uzbekistanica sp.n. ($;

Uzbekistan), Zyuzicosa kvak sp.n. (#$; Tajikistan).

The name Karakumosa golestanica Shafaie, Nadolny

et Mirshamsi, 2022, syn.n. is synonymized with K.

turanica Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020. The unknown

male is described for Lycosa aragogi Nadolny et Za-

mani, 2017 from Iran.

How to cite this paper: Logunov D.V. 2023. Fur-

ther notes on the fossorial wolf spiders of Middle Asia

and the Near East (Aranei: Lycosidae) // Arthropoda

Selecta. Vol.32. No.4. P.475–512. doi: 10.15298/arth-

sel.32.4.12

РЕЗЮМЕ. В статье представлены новые таксо-

номически-фаунистические данные о 25 видах ро-

ющих Lycosidae (Aranei) из Средней Азии и Ближ-

него Востока. Выделен лектотип для Tarentula

fedotovi Charitonov, 1946. Новые комбинации пред-

ложены для четырех видов: Alopecosa nigriventris

(Schmidt, 1895), comb.n., stat.n. (ex Lycosa), Asiacosa

ambigua Denis, 1947, comb.n. (ex Arctosa), A. asiatica

Sytshevskaja, 1980, comb.n. (ex Lycosa), и A. kulagini

Further notes on the fossorial wolf spiders of Middle Asia

and the Near East (Aranei: Lycosidae)

Äîïîëíèòåëüíûå ñâåäåíèÿ î íîðíûõ ïàóêàõ-âîëêàõ

Ñðåäíåé Àçèè è Áëèæíåãî Âîñòîêà (Aranei: Lycosidae)

Dmitri V. Logunov

Äìèòðèé Â. Ëîãóíîâ

Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia. E-mail:

Dmitry.Logunov@zin.ru

Зоологический институт Российской Академии наук, Университетская наб. 1, Санкт Петербург, 199034, Россия.

KEY WORDS: Araneae, Geolycosa, Karakumosa, Lycosa, Oculicosa, (re)descriptions, Zyuzicosa.

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: Araneae, Geolycosa, Karakumosa, Lycosa, Oculicosa, (пере)описания, Zyuzicosa.

476 D.V. Logunov

Table. Clarified identifications of the fossorial lycosids reported by Schmidt [1895].

Таблица. Уточненнные определения роющих ликозид, приведенных Шмидтом [Schmidt, 1895].

Abbreviations used: ID — identification; juv — juvenile.

Сокращения: ID — определение; juv — ювенильный.

Material and methods

A total of 149 specimens have been studied. These spec-

imens have been borrowed from or shared between the fol-

lowing museums: MHNG — Muséum d’histoire naturelle,

Gèneve, Switzerland (curator: L. Monod); MIIZ — Museum

and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences,

Warsaw, Poland (curator: W. Wawer); MMUE — Manches-

ter Museum, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

(honorary curator: D.V. Logunov); PSU — Zoological De-

partment of the Perm State University, Russia (curator: S.L.

Esyunin); SMNH — Steinhardt Museum of Natural History,

Tel Aviv, Israel (curator: S.L. Zonstein); ZISP — Zoologi-

cal Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint

Petersburg, Russia (curator: D.V. Logunov); ZMMU —

Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, Mos-

cow, Russia (curator: K.G. Mikhailov).

The terminology and format of description follow Lo-

gunov [2010]. Abbreviations used in the text and figures:

AME — anterior median eye, ALE — anterior lateral eye,

a.s.l. — above sea level, D — described, Distr. — District,

E — embolus, FC — functional conductor, Fm — femur,

MA — median apophysis, Mt — metatarsus, Pl — palea,

PME — posterior median eye, PLE — posterior lateral eye,

Pt — patella, Se — synembolus, Tb — tibia, Tr — tarsus,

Vil. — village. The sequence of leg segments in measure-

ment data is as follows: Fm + Pt + Tb + Mt + Tr (total). All

measurements are in mm.

The majority of digital photographs were made at the

Manchester Museum, using an Olympus SZX16 stereo mi-

fedotovi Charitonov, 1946 (now in Alopecosa Simon,

1885; see also Charitonov [1969]).

Recently, the author of the present paper was able

to re-examine old collections of the burrowing lycosids

deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian

Academy of Sciences (St Petersburg, Russia) and the

Zoological Museum of the Moscow University (Rus-

sia), including 11 samples of those studied by Schmidt

[1895] (see Table for details). Some of his identifica-

tions were based on juvenile specimens that could not

be identified to species. Therefore, in order to com-

ment on and clarify Schmidt’s earlier identifications

based on immatures, several accounts given below have

only generic names.

The paraphyletic genus Hogna Simon, 1885, with

235 named species in the world fauna [WSC, 2023]

and reliable data on only two species in Middle Asia

and the Near East [Mikhailov, 2013; Logunov, 2022],

is not included in the present paper and will be consid-

ered elsewhere.

The aims of this paper are (1) to (re)describe and/or

illustrate 10 new and six poorly known burrowing ly-

cosid species from Middle Asia and the Near East; (2)

to re-examine some of the lycosid species recorded by

Schmidt [1895]; (3) to present new faunistic records

for nine species.

477

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Map 1. Type localities of the Alopecosa species (re)described in the present work.

Карта 1. Типовые локалитеты видов Alopecosa (пере)описанных в настоящей работе.

ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is a noun in apposi-

tion taken from the Darvaz Mt. Range in Tajikistan, where

the holotype female was collected.

DIAGNOSIS. In the conformation of the epigyne and

vulva A. darvaz sp.n. is most similar to those of the Uzbeki-

stani A. latifasciata (Kroneberg, 1875) (Figs 12–14) and the

west-Kazakhstani A. sciophila Ponomarev, 2008, from which

it can be easily distinguished by the well-developed, wide

epigynal hoods, the diamond-shaped median septum (vs.

triangular-oval) and the presence of lateral pointed exten-

sions of the primary receptacles (absent in both related spe-

cies; cf. Figs 2, 13 and fig. 17 in Ponomarev [2008]).

DISTRIBUTION. Only the type locality (Map 1).

DESCRIPTION. MALE unknown.

FEMALE. Measurements. Carapace 7.75 long, 5.60 wide.

Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.28, ALE 0.25, PME

0.68, PLE 0.55, AME-AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-

PME 0.55, PLE-PLE 1.25. Width of anterior eye row 1.43,

second row 1.75, third row 1.90. Clypeus height 0.33, cheli-

cera length 3.35. Abdomen 8.20 long, 5.40 wide. Length of

leg segments: I 5.90 + 3.10 + 4.20 + 4.10 + 2.60 (19.90); II

5.40 + 2.75 + 3.50 + 3.80 + 2.50 (17.95); III 5.25 + 2.25 +

3.60 + 3.25 + 2.35 (16.70); IV 6.50 + 2.70 + 5.05 + 6.55 +

2.90 (23.70). Spination of leg I: Fm d 1-1-2ap; Tb pr 1-1, v

2-2-2ap; Mt pr and rt 1ap, v 2-2-2ap. Colouration (Figs 4–

5). Carapace yellow-brow, with a wide longitudinal stripe of

long white recumbent scales running from eye field to the

rear margin; lateral margins covered with long brown re-

cumbent scales. Sternum yellow-brown. Labium and endites

brown, with yellow apexes. Chelicerae dark brown. Abdo-

men: dorsum and sides greyish brown, with a dorsal pattern

of wide whitish longitudinal interrupted stripe as in Fig. 4;

venter dark brown, almost black, with a pair of white spots

in front of spinnerets. Book-lung covers yellow-grey, spin-

nerest yellowish brownish. All legs and palps yellow-brown,

palpal Tr with a single apical claw. Epigyne and vulva as in

Figs 1–3: median septum diamond-shaped, its width/height

ratio 1.2; septal pedicel very thin; epigynal atria paired, 2.6

croscope with a DP27 Digital Colour Camera, and Helicon

Focus 7.7.2 as the processing software. Some digital photo-

graphs (Figs 122–124, 138–140, 170–173, 176, 177, 180,

181) were made at the World Museum of Liverpool (UK)

using a Canon 6D Mark II Camera with a Canon MP-E

65mm lens with Helicon Remote ver. 3.9.7W to control the

StackShot 3X Macro Rail and camera settings. Helicon Fo-

cus 6.8.0 was used as processing software. Distributional

map was produced by using the online mapping software

SimpleMappr [Shorthouse, 2010].

Species survey

Alopecosa Simon, 1885

Type species: Lycosa fabrilis Clerck, 1757; by original

designation [Simon, 1885].

COMMENTS. Alopecosa is a large genus of wolf spi-

ders accounting for 163 named species [WSC, 2023], the

vast majority of which are recorded/described from the Palae-

arctic region; only eight species are known from North Amer-

ica [Dondale & Redner, 1990]. The revised European fauna

of Alopecosa was considered by Lugetti & Tongiorgi [1969]

in five species groups: fabrilis, pulverulenta, cursor, sulzeri

and striatipes. However, this grouping hardly covers the

entire diversity of the genus, which, according to Marusik &

Kovbluk [2011], needs to be further subdivided into a num-

ber of smaller genera.

The Middle Asian fauna of Alopecosa, including Kaza-

khstan, currently numbers 37 species [Mikhailov, 2013].

Data on six species, four of which are new to science, are

presented below.

Alopecosa darvaz sp.n.

Figs 1–7, Map 1.

TYPE. HOLOTYPE $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000378), Tajikistan,

Darvaz (=Darvoz) Mt. Range, Khobu-Rubot (=Khaburabot) pass

(c. 38°38′N, 70°44′E), 2600 m a.s.l., 27.09.1970, coll.?

478 D.V. Logunov

Figs 1–7. Holotype $ of Alopecosa darvaz sp.n.: 1, 3 — epigyne, ventral view; 2 — vulva, dorsal view; 4 — body, dorsal view; 5 —

same, ventral view; 6 — carapace, frontal view; 7 — chelicerae, rear view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (1–3), 1 mm (6, 7), 2 mm (4, 5).

Рис. 1–7. Голотип $ Alopecosa darvaz sp.n.: 1, 3 — эпигина, вид снизу; 2 — вульва, вид сверху; 4 — тело, вид сверху; 5 — то

же, вид снизу; 6 — головогрудь, вид спереди; 7 — хелицеры, вид сзади. Масштаб: 0,25 мм (1–3), 1 мм (6, 7), 2 мм (4, 5).

DIAGNOSIS. This species differs from all the Central

Asian Alopecosa species known to me in having numerous

clear white speckles on the venter in both sexes (Fig. 16).

The female copulatory organs are most similar to those of

the west-Kazakhstani A. sciophila and A. darvaz sp.n., but

can be easily distinguished from both by mutual arrange-

ment and proportions of the ducts connecting primary and

secondary receptacles (cf. Figs 2, 13 and figs 16, 17 in

Ponomarev [2008]).

COMMENTS. The current species identification is to be

considered provisional and based on the diagnosis provided

by Charitonov [1969: 91], who wrote (my translation) that

“Tarentula latifasciata described by Kroneberg includes two

species. We have separated these species, retaining the name

given by Kroneberg for the smaller species (size was given

by Kroneberg in the description), which has white speckles

on the ventral side of the abdomen”. Of the new Alopecosa

species studied herein or known to the author, it is the only

one having white speckles on its venter (Fig. 16). Hence, it

times longer than wide; hood cavities paired, well-devel-

oped, wide and rather deep; vulva with bean-shaped primary

receptacles and round secondary receptacles; fertilisation

ducts prominent, directed proximad.

Alopecosa latifasciata (Kroneberg, 1875)

Figs 12–19.

Tarentula latifasciata Kroneberg, 1875: 39, pl. 4, fig. 27a–d

(D#$); the type series in ZMMU, not examined. According to

Esyunin & Ponomarev [2018: 64], 2 ## and 2 $$ of the original

type series of T. latifasciata were mismatched, with the females

actually belonging to Bogdocosa kronebergi (Andreeva, 1976).

MATERIAL. UZBEKISTAN: 2 $$ (SMNH), 1 $ (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000382), Tashkent Region, 19 km SSE of Gazalkent,

Syurenata Mts (41°24.1′N, 69°50.4′E; Fig. 19), 1500 m a.s.l.,

4.05.2019, S.L. Zonstein.

ETYMOLOGY. From the Latin latifasciata, meaning

‘broad-banded’ (latus — broad, wide; fascia — band).

479

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 8–11. Lectotype # of Tarentula fedotovi Charitonov, 1946: 8 — bulbus, ventral view; 9 — median apophysis, retrolateral view;

4 — same, ventral view; 5 — embolar division, apical view. Abbreviations: Se — synembolus; E — embolus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Рис. 8–11. Лектотип # Tarentula fedotovi Charitonov, 1946: 8 — бульбус, вид снизу; 9 — медиальная апофиза, вид сбоку-

сзади; 4 — то же, вид снизу; 5 — эмболярный отдел, вид сверху. Сокращения: Se — синэмболюс; E — эмболюс. Масштаб: 0,5 мм.

ity of mismatched males and females from the original series

of syntypes. In order to fix the name of T. fedotovi to a

particular species, the male illustrated (Figs 8–11) has been

designated as the lectotype.

DISTRIBUTION. South-East Uzbekistan. The original

type locality was given by Kroneberg [1875: 40] as ‘Mari-

an’, apparently from Uzbekistan, but I have failed to trace

this locality on modern maps. This species was also record-

ed from Tajikistan by Andreeva [1976], but due to the

confused taxonomy and uncertainty in the identification of

this species all records by Andreeva require confirmation

upon reference to pertinent material, which was unavailable

for the present study.

Yet, Charitonov [1946, 1969] argued that the male of A.

latifasciata recorded by Schmidt [1895] from Yashil’kul’

(Tajikistan) should be referred to T. fedotovi. It is not known

whether Charitonov was actually able to re-examine

Schmidt’s specimen. The matter requires a special attention

when/if the specimens studied by Schmidt have been found

in the collection of the Zoological Institute in St. Petersburg

(Russia).

DESCRIPTION. MALE. For a brief description see Kro-

neberg [1875].

FEMALE (specimen from SMNH). Measurements. Car-

apace 5.90 long, 4.25 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances:

AME 0.26, ALE 0.23, PME 0.55, PLE 0.48, AME-AME

0.13, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.40, PLE-PLE 1.03.

Width of anterior eye row 1.03, second row 1.43, third row

1.65. Clypeus height 0.13, chelicera length 2.55. Abdomen

8.60 long, 6.00 wide. Length of leg segments: I 4.50 +

2.30 + 3.15 + 2.80 + 2.00 (14.75); II 4.00 + 2.05 + 2.85 +

2.85 + 1.65 (13.40); III 3.65 + 1.65 + 2.55 + 3.20 + 1.75

(12.80); IV 4.80 + 2.25 + 3.65 + 4.75 + 2.30 (17.75). Spina-

tion of leg I: Fm d 1-1-3ap; Tb pr 1-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt pr 0-1-

has been identified as A. latifasciata (sensu Charitonov

[1969]). A final confirmation of this identification will be

possible, when both sexes are collected together and the

males are compared to the syntype males of T. latifasciata.

It is worth noticing that the epigyne of the studied fe-

males is very similar to that described by Charitonov [1946:

fig. 17] under the name of Tarentula fedotovi Charitonov,

1946. However, it seems that the original series of the syn-

types of T. fedotovi included two different and even not

congeneric species. The original type series consists of two

samples collected from two localities in Uzbekistan: SE of

Ishkent (3 ## 1 $; c. 38°51′N, 66°58′E) and Yangikishlak

(1 $; c. 39°53′N, 66°39′E) [Charitonov, 1946: 22]; the

holotype was not designated, and hence all these speci-

mens are to be treated as syntypes. In his later paper,

Charitonov [1969: 90] mentioned one more female of T.

fedotovi from “Gyuldara Kolkhoz” (not found site), which

turned out to be an immature specimen. Unfortunately,

none of the syntypes is available in the PSU collection (S.

Esyunin, pers. comm., 10 August 2023), only four low-

quality slide preparations: one of an immature female, one

ruined (no cover glass) and therefore not usable, and two

slides with male palps (the entire palp in lateral view, and

dissected palp parts; Figs 8–11).

Although the preserved parts of male palps (Figs 8–11)

are not sufficient for reliable species identification, they

could help to clarify the generic status of this taxon. For

instance, the embolic division of T. fedotovi clearly possess-

es well-developed both synembolus and embolus (Fig. 11:

Se, E), whereas the synembolus is absent in the majority of

Alopecosa species. Yet, both sclerites present in Hogna

congeners (e.g., figs 16, 17 in Logunov [2020]). At the same

time, the female illustrated by Charitonov [1946: fig. 17] is

of clear Alopecosa-type. Therefore, there is a high probabil-

480 D.V. Logunov

Figs 12–19. Female of Alopecosa latifasciata (Kroneberg, 1875) and its habitat, Syurenata Mts, Uzbekistan: 12, 14 — epigyne,

ventral view; 13 — vulva, dorsal view; 15 — body, dorsal view; 16 — same, ventral view; 17 — carapace, frontal view; 18 — chelicerae,

rear view; 19 — habitat photo, © A. Zamesov. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (12–14), 0.5 mm (17, 18), 5 mm (15, 16).

Figs 12–19. Самка Alopecosa latifasciata (Kroneberg, 1875) и её местообитание, горы Сюрената, Узбекистан: 12, 14 — эпигина,

вид снизу; 13 — вульва, вид сверху; 15 — тело, вид сверху; 16 — то же, вид снизу; 17 — карапакс, вид спереди; 18 — хелицеры,

вид сзади; 19 — фото местообитания, © А. Замесов. Масштаб: 0,25 мм (12–14), 0,5 мм (17, 18), 5 мм (15, 16).

yellow-brown, with a pale brown cardiac mark, but without

a marked colour pattern; venter dark brown, with longitudi-

nal rows of clearly marked white speckles. Legs: coxae, Tb,

Mt and Tr yellow-orange; Fm and Pt brown. Palps brown,

with a single apical claw on Tr. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs

12–14: median septum triangular-oval, its width/height ratio

0, v 2-2-3ap. Colouration (Figs 15–16). Carapace yellow-

orange, with a wide longitudinal median and two wide mar-

ginal white stripes of recumbent scales, and with a pair of

wide longitudinal brown stripes of recumbent scales. Ster-

num dark brown, covered with protruded black hairs. Labi-

um and endites dark brown, with yellow apexes. Abdomen

481

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 20–28. Holotype $ of Lycosa vivax var. nigriventris Schmidt, 1895 (20–24, 26–28) and holotype $ of Tarentula vivax Thorell,

1875 (25): 20, 22, 25 — epigyne, ventral view; 21 — vulva, dorsal view; 23 — carapace, frontal view; 24 — chelicerae, rear view; 26 —

body, dorsal view; 27 — same, ventral view; 28 — original labels. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (20–22, 25), 1 mm (23, 24), 5 mm (26, 27).

Рис. 20–28. Голотип $ Lycosa vivax var. nigriventris Schmidt, 1895 (20–24, 26–28) и голотип $ Tarentula vivax Thorell, 1875 (25):

20, 22, 25 — эпигина, вид снизу; 21 — вульва, вид сверху; 23 — головогрудь, вид спереди; 24 — хелицеры, вид сзади; 26 — тело,

вид сверху; 27 — то же, вид снизу; 28 — оригинальные этикетки. Масштаб: 0,25 мм (20–22, 25), 1 мм (23, 24), 5 мм (26, 27).

TYPE. HOLOTYPE $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000009; Figs 20–24,

26, 27), Uzbekistan, Tashkent Region, Chinaz [c. 40°57′N,

68°45′E], 1878, Russov [1017(806)].

ETYMOLOGY. From the Latin nigriventris, meaning

‘black-bellied’ (niger — black, dark; venter — belly). This

form was diagnosed by Schmidt [1895: 458] based on the

black underside of abdomen, sternum and coxae. Yet, the

holotype female is now faded and therefore these body parts

currently look brown (Figs 26, 27).

DIAGNOSIS. The epigyne of A. nigriventris is similar

to that of A. azheganovae Esyunin, 1996 from West Siberia,

but differs in having the longer septal pedicel and the shal-

low, poorly-developed epigynal hood (cf. Figs 20, 22 with

2.4; septal pedicel very thin; epigynal atria paired, shallow

and narrow (4.5 times longer than wide); hood cavities

paired, closely set and poorly visible; vulva C-shaped, with

round receptacles; fertilisation ducts prominent, directed

proximad.

Alopecosa nigriventris (Schmidt, 1895),

comb.n., stat.n.

Figs 20–24, 26–28, Map 1.

Lycosa vivax var. nigriventris Schmidt, 1895: 458 (D$); the

holotype $ is deposited in ZISP, examined.

482 D.V. Logunov

Figs 29–35. Holotype $ of Alopecosa pamirica sp.n.: 29, 31 — epigyne, ventral view; 30 — vulva, dorsal view; 32 — body, ventral

view; 33 — same, dorsal view; 34 — carapace, frontal view; 35 — chelicerae, rear view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (29–31), 1 mm (34, 35), 5 mm

(32, 33).

Рис. 29–35. Голотип $ Alopecosa pamirica sp.n.: 29, 31 — эпигина, вид снизу; 30 — вульва, вид сверху; 32 — тело, вид снизу;

33 — то же, вид сверху; 34 — головогрудь, вид спереди; 35 — хелицеры, вид сзади. Масштаб: 0,1 мм (29–31), 1 мм (34, 35), 5 мм

(32, 33).

giorgi [1969]) and can be easily distinguished from T. vivax

by the oval median septum (vs. triangular), the wider, shal-

low epigynal hoods (vs. narrower and deeper), and notably

wider epigynal atria (Figs 20, 22).

According to the ICZN (Art. 45.6.4.), the name pub-

lished before 1961, when the author “expressly used one of

the terms ‘variety’ or ‘forma’ (including use of the terms

‘var.’, ‘forma’, ‘v.’ and ‘f.’)”, is to be adopted as subspecif-

ic, and therefore such name is available. Besides, the current

practice in arachnology and the WSC is to accept all old

described “var.” as subspecies (Theo Blick, pers. comm., 15

August 2023). Based on the aforementioned differences be-

tween the nominative species T. vivax and its subspecies T.

vivax nigriventris (see above; Figs 20–25), it is safe to

conclude that both taxa are distinct and valid, and the name

nigriventris can be safely elevated to full species.

figs 4, 5, 14 in Azarkina et al. [2015]). The vulva of A.

nigriventris is most similar to those of the central European

A. psammophila Buchar, 2001 and the east-Kazakhstani A.

kasakhstanica Savelyeva, 1972, from which it can be sepa-

rated by the markedly longer and narrower ducts connecting

primary and secondary receptacles (cf. Fig. 21 and figs 30,

35 in Azarkina & Trilikauskas [2013]).

COMMENTS. This taxon was described by Schmidt

[1895: 458] as a variety of Tarentula vivax Thorell, 1875

[Thorell, 1875] and is currently listed as a synonym of the

latter species name [WSC, 2023] under the genus Vesubia

Simon, 1909. However, based on the epigyne of its holotype

(Fig. 25), T. vivax actually belongs to the pulverulenta spe-

cies group of Alopecosa (sensu Lagetti & Tongiorgi [1969]

and Kronestedt [1990]). Yet, A. nigriventris is actually a

member of the sulzeri species group (sensu Lugetti & Ton-

483

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

DISTRIBUTION. Only the type locality in Uzbekistan

(Map 1), although the species was mistakenly reported by

Freiberg [1897] from Moscow Governorate, and this record

was repeated by Mikhailov [1983] as well.

DESCRIPTION. MALE unknown. It is highly likely

that Schmidt’s [1895] record of Lycosa vivax based on one

male and one female from Nukus (Uzbekistan) actually be-

longs to A. nigriventris. The matter requires a special atten-

tion when/if the specimens studied by Schmidt have been

found in the collection of the Zoological Institute in St.

Petersburg (Russia).

FEMALE Measurements. Carapace 6.00 long, 4.10 wide.

Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.28, ALE 0.23, PME

0.53, PLE 0.48, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-

PME 0.43, PLE-PLE 0.90. Width of anterior eye row 1.30,

second row 1.33, third row 1.45. Clypeus height 0.18, cheli-

cera length 2.75. Abdomen 9.65 long, 7.50 wide. Length of

leg segments: I 4.20 + 2.15 + 2.75 + 2.85 + 1.95 (19.90); II

3.70 + 2.00 + 2.65 + 2.70 + 1.85 (12.90); III 3.55 + 1.75 +

2.50 + 3.30 + 1.40 (12.50); IV 4.10 + 2.05 + 3.30 + 4.80 +

2.40 (16.65). Spination of leg I: Fm d 1-1-3ap; Tb pr 1-1, v

2-2-2ap; Mt pr 0-1-1ap, v 2-2-3ap. Colouration (Figs 26–

27). The holotype is rather faded. Carapace sandy coloured,

with a wide median and two marginal longitudinal white

stripes of recumbent scales, and two wide brown longitudi-

nal stripes of recumbent scales. Sternum light brown. Labi-

um and endites sandy coloured, with white apexes. Chelicer-

ae brown. Abdomen sandy coloured, with a pale brown

cardiac mark; venter brown. Book-lung and spinnerets sandy-

coloured. All legs and palps sandy-coloured; palps Tr with a

single apical claw. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 20–22:

median oval (width/height ratio 1.4); septal pedicel narrow;

epigynal atria paired, shallow, twice as long as wide; hood

cavities poorly visible; vulva C-shaped, with insemination

ducts inwardly curved, with round receptacles that are two

times wider than insemination ducts; fertilisation ducts prom-

inent, directed laterad.

Alopecosa pamirica sp.n.

Figs 29–35, Map 1.

TYPE. Holotype $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000377), Tajikistan,

East Pamir, Chechekty [pass; c. 38°21′59″N, 73°58′E], 4000–

4200 m a.s.l., in burrow, 27.07.1970, coll.?

ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is an adjective orig-

inating from Pamir (Tajikistan) and denoting the geographi-

cal region, where the holotype was collected.

DIAGNOSIS. Of all the Central Asian Alopecosa spe-

cies known to me, apart from A. safidorak sp.n. (Figs 36–

38), A. pamirica sp.n. differs in having the strongest and

longest (as long as the median septum) vulva (Figs 29–31).

From A. safidorak sp.n., it can be easily distinguished by the

oval rather than bean-shaped primary receptacles and the

markedly longer and convoluted ducts (vs. comparatively

short and almost straight; cf. Figs 30 and 37).

DISTRIBUTION. Only the type locality (Map 1).

DESCRIPTION. MALE unknown.

FEMALE Measurements. Carapace 7.00 long, 4.75 wide.

Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.25, PME

0.50, PLE 0.50, AME-AME 0.33, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-

PME 0.60, PLE-PLE 1.20. Width of anterior eye row 1.40,

second row 1.50, third row 1.80. Clypeus height 0.33, cheli-

cera length 3.25. Abdomen 7.10 long, 5.80 wide. Length of

leg segments: I 4.80 + 2.75 + 3.75 + 3.45 + 2.10 (16.85); II

4.60 + 2.20 + 3.15 + 3.50 + 2.00 (1545); III 4.00 + 2.20 +

2.85 + 3.35 + 2.25 (14.65); IV 5.65 + 2.45 + 4.10 + 5.10 +

2.75 (20.05). Spination of leg I: Fm d 1-1-3ap; Tb pr 1-1-1,

v 2-2-2ap; Mt v 2-2-3ap. Colouration (Figs 32–33). Cara-

pace yellow-orange, densely covered with white and brown

long recumbent scales’ median white stripe of scales poorly

marked; carapace margins darker (brownish). Strenum brown,

densely covered with black protruded hairs. Labium and

endites yellow-brown, with bright yellow apexes. Chelicer-

ae red-brown. Abdomen: dorsum and sides yellowish grey,

with a dorsal longitudinal pattern consisting of paired brown

stripes and white patches; brownish cardiac mark is visible

but poorly marked; venter dark brown, almost black. Book-

lung covers yellow, tinged with grey. Spinnerets yellow. All

legs and palps yellow; palpal Tr with a single apical claw.

Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 29–31: median septum triangu-

lar, 1.6 time wider than high; septal pedicel thin; epigynal

atria paired, shallow and narrow (3.8 times longer than

wide); hood cavities paired, shallow, closely set and poorly

marked; vulva convoluted, heavily sclerotised, with promi-

nent round secondary receptacles situated at the level of

hood cavities, receptacles twice as wide as insemination

ducts; fertilisation ducts prominent, directed proximad.

Alopecosa safidorak sp.n.

Figs 36–42, Map 1.

TYPES. HOLOTYPE $ (SMNH; Figs 36–38), Tajikistan, Hissar

Mts, Varzob, 2 km E of Safidorak Vil. (38°51.3′N, 69°00.7′E),

2550 m a.s.l., 3.07.2019, S.L. Zonstein & A. Hakimov. —

PARATYPES: 5 $$ (SMNH), 2 $$ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000383; Figs

39–42), together with the holotype.

ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is a noun in apposi-

tion taken from the Safidorak Vil. of Tajikistan from where

the holotype female was collected.

DIAGNOSIS. Of all the Central Asian Alopecosa spe-

cies known to me, apart from A. pamirica sp.n. (Figs 29–

31), A. safidorak sp.n. differs in having the strongest and

longest (as long as the median septum) vulva (cf. Fig. 37).

From A. pamirica sp.n., it can be easily distinguished by the

bean-shaped rather than oval primary receptacles and the

shorter and almost straight ducts connecting primary and

secondary receptacles (vs. twice as long and convoluted; cf.

Figs 37 and 30).

DISTRIBUTION. Only the type locality (Map 1).

DESCRIPTION. MALE unknown.

FEMALE (holotype). Measurements. Carapace 6.50 long,

4.70 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE

0.23, PME 0.45, PLE 0.85, AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE

0.13, PME-PME 0.48, PLE-PLE 1.05. Width of anterior eye

row 1.23, second row 1.40, third row 1.63. Clypeus height

0.23, chelicera length 2.75. Abdomen 9.00 long, 6.25 wide.

Length of leg segments: I 4.80 + 2.50 + 3.25 + 3.25 + 2.10

(15.90); II 4.25 + 2.30 + 2.85 + 3.05 + 1.95 (14.40); III

3.85 + 2.10 + 2.75 + 3.30 + 2.05 (14.05); IV 5.65 + 2.40 +

3.90 + 5.30 + 2.45 (19.70). Spination of leg I: Fm d 1-1-2ap;

Tb pr 0-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt pr 0-1-1-1ap, v 2-2-3ap. Coloura-

tion (Figs 39–40). Carapace yellow-orange, with a wide

longitudinal median and two marginal white stripes of re-

cumbent scales, and with two longitudinal wide brown stripes

of recumbent scales. Sternum dark brown, almost black,

covered with black protruded hairs. Labium and endites

dark brown, with light yellow tips. Chelicerae dark brown.

Abdomen: yellow-brown, without a marked dorsal pattern;

venter dark brown, almost black, on each side with a couple

of longitudinal rows of white speckles. All legs yellow-

484 D.V. Logunov

Figs 36–42. Alopecosa safidorak sp.n., holotype $ (36–38) and paratype $ from ZISP (39–42): 36, 38 — epigyne, ventral view; 37 —

vulva, dorsal view; 39 — body, ventral view; 40 — same, dorsal view; 41 — carapace, frontal view; 42 — chelicerae, rear view. Scale bars:

0.25 mm (36–38), 1 mm (41, 42), 5 mm (39, 40).

Рис. 36–42. Alopecosa safidorak sp.n., голотип $ (36–38) и паратип $ из ZISP (39–42): 36, 38 — эпигина, вид снизу; 37 —

вульва, вид сверху; 39 — тело, вид снизу; 40 — то же, вид сверху; 41 — головогрудь, вид спереди; 42 — хелицеры, вид сзади.

Масштаб: 0,25 мм (36–38), 1 мм (41, 42), 5 мм (39, 40).

71°03.1′E; Fig. 58), 370 m a.s.l., 12.04.2019, S.L. Zonstein. —

PARATYPE: 1 # (SMNH), together with the holotype.

ETYMOLOGY. The species is dedicated to my col-

league and friend Dr Sergei L. Zonstein (Tel-Aviv, Israel),

who collected the type series of this species.

DIAGNOSIS. In having the very wide, membranous

embolus, A. zonsteini sp.n. is most similar to A. marikovskyi

Logunov, 2013 from south-east Kazakhstan, from which it

can be easily distinguished by the notched and pointed em-

bolic tip, the triangular median apophysis (not bar-shaped;

seen in ventral view), the oval rather than rhomboid median

septum and the dumbbell-shaped vulva (cf. Figs 43–48 and

figs 1–7 in Logunov [2013]).

DISTRIBUTION. Only the type locality (Map 1; Fig. 58).

brown, with brown Fm. Palps yellow-brown, with a single

apical claw on Tr. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 36–38:

median septum triangular, as wide as high; septal pedicel

very thin; epigynal atria paired, shallow and narrow (2.3

times longer than wide); hood cavities paired, closely set

and poorly visible; vulva C-shaped, heavily sclerotised, with

prominent round receptacles situated at the level of hood

cavities, receptacles twice as wide as insemination ducts;

fertilisation ducts prominent, directed proximad.

Alopecosa zonsteini sp.n.

Figs 43–58, Map 1.

TYPES. HOLOTYPE $ (SMNH), Uzbekistan, Namangan Re-

gion, 10 km SW of Pap Town, Syr-Daria riverbank (40°48.0′N,

485

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 43–51. Alopecosa zonsteini sp.n., paratype # (43, 44, 45, 49, 50) and holotype $ (45, 47, 48, 51): 43 — bubus, ventral view; 44 —

same, retrolateral view; 45, 47 — epigyne, ventral view; 46 — embolar division, ventral view; 48 — vulva, dorsal view; 49 — cymbium,

ventral view; 50 — cymbial tip, ventral view; 51 — female carapace, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (43–50), 2 mm (51).

Рис. 43–51. Alopecosa zonsteini sp.n., паратип # (43, 44, 45, 49, 50) и голотип $ (45, 47, 48, 51): 43 — бульбус, вид снизу; 44 —

то же, вид сзади-сбоку; 45, 47 — эпигина, вид снизу; 46 — эмболярный отдел, вид снизу; 48 — вульва, вид сверху; 49 — цимбиум,

вид сизу; 50 — вершина цимбиуам, вид снизу; 51 — гологрудь самки, вид сбоку. Масштаб: 0,25 мм (43–50), 2 мм (51).

486 D.V. Logunov

Figs 52–58. Alopecosa zonsteini sp.n., paratype # (52, 53) and holotype $ (54–57), and the type locality, Syr-Daria riverbank, 10 km

SW of Pap, Uzbekistan (58): 52, 55 — body, dorsal view; 53, 56 — same, ventral view; 54 — chelicerae, ventral view; 57 — carapace,

frontal view; 58 — habitat photo, © A. Zamesov. Scale bars: 1 mm (54, 57), 5 mm (52, 53, 55, 56).

Рис. 52–58. Alopecosa zonsteini sp.n., паратип # (52, 53) и голотип $ (54–57), и типовой локалитет, берег р. Сыр-Дарья, 10 км

ЮВ г. Пап, Узбекистан (58): 52, 55 — тело, вид сверху; 53, 56 — то же, вид снизу; 54 — хелицеры, вид снизу; 57 — головогрудь,

вид спереди; 58 — фото местообитания, © А. Замесов. Масштаб: 1 мм (54, 57), 5 мм (52, 53, 55, 56).

487

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Map 2. Collecting localities of Asiacosa species.

Карта 2. Точки находок видов Alopecosa.

Length of leg segments: I 4.85 + 2.35 + 3.20 + 3.30 + 2.10

(15.80); II 4.30 + 2.25 + 3.00 + 3.05 + 2.10 (14.70); III

4.10 + 2.00 + 2.60 + 3.60 + 2.00 (14.30); IV 5.25 + 2.15 +

3.80 + 5.40 + 2.55 (19.15). Spination of leg I: Fm d 1-2-3ap;

Tb pr 0-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt pr 0-1-0, v 2-2-3ap. Colouration as

in the male (Figs 51–56), but differs in the absence of two

brown herringbone stripes on dorsum (instead two dark

brown spots at front edge of abdomen). Epigyne and vulva

as in Figs 45, 47, 48: median septum oval (width/height

ratio 1.5); septal pedicel thin, 5 times narrower than median

septum; epigynal atria paired, shallow and narrow (5 times

longer than wide); hood cavities paired, shallow, closely set

and poorly visible; vulva dumbbell-shaped, sclerotised, with

insemination ducts notably bent laterad; receptacles promi-

nent, 2.3 times wider than insemination ducts; fertilisation

ducts prominent, directed proximo-laterad.

Asiacosa gen.n.

Type species: Lycosa asiatica Sytshevskaja, 1980.

ETYMOLOGY. The new generic name is composed of

two parts: ‘Asia’, referring to the region of occurrence of the

type species, combined with the ending of the generic name

Lycosa (meaning ‘tear like a wolf’; see Cameron [2005:

303]), to which many large burrowing Holarctic wolf spi-

ders are currently assigned. The generic name is feminine in

gender.

DIAGNOSIS. Asiacosa gen.n. differs from all the fosso-

rial lycosid genera known to me in having the unique con-

formation of copulatory organs: viz., the tutaculum (and the

entire embolic division) is displaced clockwise and situated

at 2 o’clock in the males (Figs 83, 85), and the epigyne

resembles a transeverse chitinous bar, without septal pedicel

and epigynal hoods in the females (Figs 59–65).

Besides, among Middle Asian fossorial lycosids, the

congeners of Asiacosa gen.n. differ in having an unique

behavioural feature: i.e., they construct silk turrets above

their burrows, which was demonstrated for the type species

DESCRIPTION. MALE (paratype). Carapace 4.75 long,

4.15 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE

0.19, PME 0.50, PLE 0.40, AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE

0.10, PME-PME 0.40, PLE-PLE 0.88. Width of anterior eye

row 1.13, second row 1.28, third row 1.33. Clypeus height

0.23, chelicera length 2.25. Abdomen 5.85 long, 3.65 wide.

Length of leg segments: I 4.50 + 2.20 + 3.35 + 3.55 + 2.55

(16.15); II 4.35 + 1.95 + 3.05 + 3.25 + 2.40 (15.00); III

3.90 + 1.60 + 2.70 + 3.50 + 2.05 (13.75); IV 4.95 + 1.80 +

3.90 + 5.15 + 2.50 (18.30). Spination of leg I: Fm d 2-2-2ap;

Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr and rt 1-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt pr 1-1-1ap, rt 1-

1-2ap, v 2-2-2ap. Colouration (Figs 52, 53). Carapace or-

ange-yellow, with a wide longitudinal median and two wide

marginal stripes of recumbent scales, and with a pair of wide

longitudinal brown stripes of recumbent scales. Sternum

dark brown, covered with protruded black hairs. Labium and

endites dark brown, with white apexes. Chelicerae dark

brown. Abdomen whitish grey, with a pair of longitudinal

brown herringbone stripes; venter dark brown, almost black,

with four longitudinal rows of white speckles. Book-lung

covers and spinnerets yellow-brown. All legs yellow-or-

ange. Palps yellow-orange, with brownish cymbium and

bulbs. Palpal structure as in Figs 43, 44, 46, 49, 50: cymbi-

um simple, without projections, its distal part 1.6 times

shorter than alveolus height; cymbium with a cluster of four

blunt, rigid and straight bristles on its tips; bulbus oval, 1.2

time longer than wide; subtegulum wide, occupying the

entire proximal end of bulbus; median apophysis wide, tri-

angular, pointed on its retro-lateral end and with a promi-

nent ventral spoon-shaped tooth; embolus strong, wide and

visibly membraneous; synembolus absent; conductor low,

resembling a round membranous rim.

FEMALE (holotype). Measurements. Carapace 6.25 long,

4.50 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE

0.25, PME 0.58, PLE 0.43, AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE

0.10, PME-PME 0.38, PLE-PLE 1.00. Width of anterior eye

row 1.28, second row 1.43, third row 1.70. Clypeus height

0.25, chelicera length 3.05. Abdomen 7.00 long, 4.75 wide.

488 D.V. Logunov

Figs 59–70. Asiacosa asiatica (Sytshevskaja, 1980) (61, 62, 66–68 — holotype $, 59, 60 — paratype $, 69, 70 — female from

Khatlon Area of Tajikistan, ARA_ARA_0000371), and paratype $ of Asiacosa babatagh sp.n. (63–65): 59, 61, 63, 65 — epigyne, ventral

view; 60, 64 — vulva, dorsal view; 62 — slide preparation of the holotype epigyne; 66 — body, ventral view; 67 — same, dorsal view; 68 —

same, lateral view; 69 — female palp; 70 — female carapace, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (59–65), 0.5 mm (69), 2.5 mm (70), 5 mm

(66–68).

Рис. 59–70. Asiacosa asiatica (Sytshevskaja, 1980) (61, 62, 66–68 — голотип $, 59, 60 — паратип $, 69, 70 — самка из

Хатлонской обл. Таджикистана, ARA_ARA_0000371), и паратип $ of Asiacosa babatagh sp.n. (63–65): 59, 61, 63, 65 — эпигина,

вид снизу; 60, 64 — вульва, вид сверху; 62 — препарат эпигины голотипа; 66 — тело, вид снизу; 67 — то же, вид сверху; 68 — тоже,

вид сбоку; 69 — пальпа самки; 70 — карапакс самки, сбоку. Масштаб: 0,25 мм (59–65), 0,5 мм (69), 2,5 мм (70), 5 мм (66–68).

9.50–15.30 (n=4) in females. Carapace: In both sexes rela-

tively low, with a gradual descent from cephalic region

towards abdomen (Figs 68, 70), which is less pronounced in

males (Fig. 94), clothed with white and/or brownish recum-

[Sytshevskaja, 1980: sub Lycosa a.] and A. babatagh sp.n.

(Fig. 81).

DESCRIPTION. Medium to large fossorial wolf spi-

ders, with body lengths about 12.50 (n=1) in males, and

489

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 71–78. Asiacosa asiatica (Sytshevskaja, 1980) (71–73, 77 — female from Khatlon Area of Tajikistan, ARA_ARA_0000371),

and holotype $ of Asiacosa babatagh sp.n. (74–76, 78): 71, 74 — body, dorsal view; 72, 75 — same, ventral view; 73, 76 — carapace,

frontal view; 77, 78 — chelicerae, rear view. Scale bars: 1 mm (73, 76–78), 5 mm (71, 72, 74, 75).

Рис. 71–78. Asiacosa asiatica (Sytshevskaja, 1980) (71–73, 77 — самка из Хатлонской обл. Таджикистана, ARA_ARA_0000371),

и голотип $ Asiacosa babatagh sp.n. (74–76, 78): 71, 74 — тело, вид сверху; 72, 75 — то же, вид снизу; 73, 76 — карапакс, вид

спереди; 77, 78 — хелицеры, вид сзади. Масштаб: 1 мм (73, 76–78), 5 мм (71, 72, 74, 75).

Labium: Visibly wider than long (length/width ratio 0.5–

0.6). Sternum: Ovoid (length/width ratio 1.3–1.7), sparsely

covered with black protruded hairs in both sexes (Figs 72,

75). Abdomen: Venter in both sexes without black pattern,

but with a characteristic, contrastingly brown pre-epigastric

area in both sexes (Figs 75, 96). Legs: leg formula IV,I,II,III

or IV,I,II=III, but the male leg formula needs further clarifi-

bent setae, forming wide longitudinal and marginal bands.

Chelicerae: Large, vertical (Figs 73, 76); cheliceral groove

with three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth in both

sexes (Figs 77, 78, 93). Eyes: AER straight or slightly

procurved and distinctly (1.3–1.4 times) shorter than SER

(Figs 73, 76, 90); PME/AME ratio 2.3–2.7. Clypeus: Nar-

row, its height 1.8–2.3 times shorter than AME diameter.

490 D.V. Logunov

cation. Female pedipalp: With a single tarsal claw (Fig. 69).

Female copulatory organs: epigyne as transeverse chitinous

bar (anchor-shaped), without septal pedicel and epigynal

hoods; vulva with short straight or slightly bent ducts con-

necting primary and secondary receptacles; seconday recep-

tacles usually round; fertilization ducts prominent (Figs 59–

65). Male pedipalp: cymbium symmetrical, twice as long as

wide, with oval alveolus (length/width ratio 1.4; Fig. 88);

distal part of cymbium is about equal to alveolus length

(Fig. 88); cymbium with a cluster of 5–6 blunt, rigid and

straight bristles on its tips (Fig. 86), as typical of lycosid

burrowers [Zyuzin, 1990, 1993]. Male copulatory organs:

as described below for A. kulagini.

COMPOSITION. At present, four species are included:

ambigua Denis, 1947 ($) (Arctosa), comb.n.: Egypt (Siwa

Oasis). This species possesses the main diagnostic char-

acter of Asiacosa: viz., the epigyne resembling a trans-

verse chitinous bar, with no septal pedicel (see Denis

[1947: plate 1, fig. 8]); also some shared descriptive

characters, such as: AER shorter than SER; and a very

narrow clypeus [Denis, 1947: 34].

asiatica Sytshevskaja, 1980 ($) (Lycosa), comb.n.: Tajiki-

stan (Figs 59–62, 66–73, 77; Map 2).

babatagh sp.n. ($): SE Uzbekistan (Figs 63–65, 74–76, 78–

81; Map 2).

kulagini Spassky, 1941 (#) (Lycosa), comb.n.: Tajikistan

(Figs 82–96; Map 2).

DISTRIBUTION. From the Near East to Middle Asia.

Asiacosa asiatica (Sytshevskaja, 1980), comb.n.

Figs 59–62, 66–73, 77, Map 2.

Lycosa asiatica Sytshevskaja, 1980: 229, figs 1–2 (D$).

TYPES. HOLOTYPE $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000001; Figs 61,

66–68), Tajikistan, Yavan-su River (no exact locality), 29.03.1948,

from burrow with cocoon, V.I. Sytshevskaja (the epigyne is on a

separate slide preparation ARA_ARA_0000001; Fig. 62). —

PARATYPES: 3 $$ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000002a,b; specimens are

badly damaged; their bodies are wrinkled up and all legs are de-

tached), valley of Yavan-su River], from burrows, 12.05.1948, V.I.

Sytshevskaja (two epigynes are on separate slides preparations

ARA_ARA_0000002a,b).

According to the original description [Sytshevskaja, 1980: 230],

the holotype female was collected on 29.03.1948, and the three

female paratypes on 25.04.1948. However, the locality labels en-

closed in the ZISP sample tubes contain different dates: in both

cases 12.05.1948. Besides, the original paper contains a reference to

Chimsai tract (урочище; c. 38°00′N, 68°56′E, the coordinates ac-

cording to Zonstein [2018]), as the precise type locality; this infor-

mation is also missing from the enclosed locality labels. It seems that

both labels are not original and were written and added later.

OTHER MATERIAL. TAJIKISTAN: 1 $ (ZISP, ARA_

ARA_0000371; Figs 69–73, 77), Khatlon Area, Vakhsh Karatau

Mt Range, Khodzhamaston Mt. (38°01.192′N, 68°57.144′E), 1040

m a.s.l., 24.04.2015, Yu.M. Marusik.

DIAGNOSIS. Of the known Middle Asian species, the

female of A. asiatica is most similar to that of A. babatag

sp.n., from which it can be easily distinguished by the nar-

rower epigynal plate and a different mutual arrangement of

the insemination ducts and receptacles (Figs 59–69). The

male is yet unknown, but it is possible that A. asiatica could

represent the female of A. kulagini (see below); to date, no

samples in which both sexes would be collected together

have been available to the author.

COMMENTS. Sytchevskaja [1980: 230] compared this

species to Arctosa ambigua Denis, 1947 from Egypt. In-

deed, both species have the epigyne wider than long, look-

ing like a transverse, heavily chitinious bar, without septal

pedicel (cf. Figs. 59, 61 and pl. 1, fig. 8 in Denis [1947]).

However, neither of these species belongs to the genus Arc-

tosa C.L. Koch, 1847, as was assumed by Denis [1947],

because they are lacking such diagnostic characters of Arc-

tosa as the epigynal hoods, triangular pilose median septum

and annulated legs (see Guy [1966], Dondale & Redner

[1983], Nentwig et al. [2023]).

NATURAL HISTORY. According to Sytchevskaja

[1980: figs 3–5], this species digs burrows (some 1.5 cm in

diameter and up to 12 cm deep) with silk turrets that are

covered with trapdoors; for further details see in Sytchev-

skaja [1980].

DISTRIBUTION. Two close localities in Tajikistan

(Map 2).

DESCRIPTION. MALE unknown, but it is likely that A.

kulagini known from the male could represent an opposite

sex to this species; see below for further details. The matter

requires a special attention in the future when box sexes of

both species have been collected together.

FEMALE (specimen: ARA_ARA_0000371). Measure-

ments. Carapace 6.15 long, 4.10 wide. Eye sizes and interd-

istances: AME 0.30, ALE 0.28, PME 0.68, PLE 0.65, AME-

AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.53, PLE-PLE

1.15. Width of anterior eye row 1.40, second row 1.90, third

row 2.00. Clypeus height 0.13, chelicera length 2.65. Abdo-

men 6.75 long, 4.25 wide. Length of leg segments: I 4.50 +

2.40 + 3.40 + 2.85 + 2.10 (15.25); II 4.00 + 2.20 + 3.10 +

2.80 + 2.00 (14.10); III 3.75 + 2.10 + 2.70 + 3.50 + 2.05

(14.10); IV 4.90 + 2.00 + 3.70 + 5.15 + 2.60 (18.35). Spina-

tion of leg I: Fm d 1-1-2ap; Tb v 2-2-2ap; Mt v 2-2-2ap.

Colouration (Figs 70–72). Carapace reddish brown, with a

median and two marginal wide white stripes of long recum-

bent scales; on both sides of the longitudinal median white

stripe with wide brown bands of long recumbent scales;

cephalic region with a noticeable forked brownish marking.

Sternum and coxae yellow-orange. Labium and endites yel-

low-orange, with bright yellow tips. Chelicerae dark brown.

Abdomen: dorsum grey, with a pale (whitish) longitudinal

interrupted band and a noticeable white cardial spot with

brown margins; sides and venter yellow-orange. Book-lung

covers and spinnerets yellow, tinged with grey. All legs

yellow, but dorsal sides of Fm and Pt with numerous grey-

brown patches. Palps yellow, with a single claw at the tip of

Tr. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 59–61: epigyne as transev-

erse chitinous bar (anchor-shaped), without septal pedicel

and epigynal hoods; vulva with short straight insemination

ducts and round receptacles; fertilization ducts prominent,

directed proximad.

Asiacosa babatagh sp.n.

Figs 63–65, 74–76, 78–81, Map 2.

TYPES. HOLOTYPE $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000372), Uzbeki-

stan, Babatagh Mt. Range, 5 km SW of Ak-Machit Vil. [=Okma-

chit; c. 38°03′18″N, 68°14′27″E; c. 1075 m a.s.l.], 28.04.1995,

S.V. Ovtchinnikov. — PARATYPES: 2 $$ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_

0000384), together with the holotype; 1 $ (SMNH), Uzbekistan,

Surkhandaria Region, south foothills of Babatagh Mts (37°51.4′N,

67°46.0′E), 540 m a.s.l., 20.04.2019, S.L. Zonstein; 12 $$ (SMNH),

2 $$ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000394), Uzbekistan, Surkhandaria Re-

gion, south foothills of Babatagh Mts (38°12.3′N, 68°03.3′E; Figs

79–81), 650–700 m a.s.l., 17.04.2019, S.L. Zonstein.

491

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 79–81. Habitat of Asiacosa babatagh sp.n., south foothills of Babatagh Mts, Uzbekistan (79, 80), and entrance to the burrow with

a silk turret (81): 79, 81 — © S.L. Zonstein; 80 — © A. Zamesov.

Рис 79–81. Местообитание Asiacosa babatagh sp.n., южное подножье хр. Бабатаг, Узбекистан (79, 80), и вход в нору с

башенкой из паутины (81): 79, 81 — © С.Л. Зонштейн; 80 — © А. Замесов.

Length of leg segments: I 5.45 + 2.70 + 4.35 + 3.60 + 2.30

(18.40); II 5.00 + 2.50 + 3.85 + 3.55 + 2.05 (16.95); III

4.65 + 2.40 + 3.15 + 4.15 + 2.10 (16.45); IV 5.90 + 2.60 +

4.65 + 6.10 + 2.05 (21.30). Spination of leg I: Fm d 1-2-2ap;

Tb v 2-2-2ap; Mt v 2-2ap. Colouration (Figs 74, 75). Cara-

pace brown, with dark brown radial stripes, covered with

long white recumbent scale, which are especially dense on

margins. Sternum yellowish brownish. Labium and endites

yellowish brownish, with bright yellow tips. Abdomen whit-

ish grey, without a marked dorsal colour pattern (even cardi-

ac mark is invisible); venter lighter (more whitish), with

contrastingly dark brown pre-epigastric area. Book-lung cov-

ers and spinnerets yellowish brown. All legs and palps yel-

low, tinged with brown and covered with white scales. Pal-

pal Tr with apical claw. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 63–65:

epigyne as transeverse chitinous bar, without septal pedicel

and epigynal hoods; vulva with short slightly bent ducts and

round receptacles; fertilization ducts prominent, directed

proximad.

ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is a noun in apposi-

tion taken from Babatagh Mt. Range in Uzbekistan, where

the holotype was collected.

DIAGNOSIS. Of the known Middle Asian species, the

female of A. babatagh sp.n. is most similar to that A. asiati-

ca, from which it can be easily distinguished by the wider

epigynal plate and a different conformation of vulval ducts

and receptacles (Figs 59–69).

NATURAL HISTORY. This species lives in burrows

with silk turrets (Fig. 81); no further information on its

biology is available.

DISTRIBUTION. Three close localities in Uzbekistan

(Map 2; Figs 79–81).

DESCRIPTION. MALE unknown.

FEMALE (holotype). Measurements. Carapace 7.50 long,

4.95 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.30, ALE

0.28, PME 0.80, PLE 0.60, AME-AME 0.25, AME-ALE

0.15, PME-PME 0.50, PLE-PLE 1.30. Width of anterior eye

row 1.65, second row 2.20, third row 2.40. Clypeus height

0.13, chelicera length 3.20. Abdomen 7.80 long, 4.80 wide.

492 D.V. Logunov

Figs 82–89. Holotype # of Lycosa kulagini Spassky, 1941: 82 — bulbus, prolateral view; 83, 85 — same, ventral view; 84 — same,

retrolateral view; 86 — cymbial tip, ventral view; 87 — original type labels; 88 — cymbium, ventral view; 89 — embolar division, ventral

view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

Figs 82–89. Голотип # Lycosa kulagini Spassky, 1941: 82 — бульбус, вид сбоку-спереди; 83, 85 — то же, вид снизу; 84 — то

же, вид сбоку-сзади; 86 — вершина цимбиума, вид снизу; 87 — оригинальные типовые этикетки; 88 — цимбиум, вид снизу; 89 —

эмболярный отдел, вид снизу. Масштаб: 0,25 мм.

TYPE. Holotype # (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000373), Tajikistan,

Stalinabad (now Dushanbe), nr the base of Academy of Sciences

(coordinates are given for the present-day National Academy of

Sciences of Tajikistan; c. 38°34′N, 68°47′E), 29.11.1939, Ershov.

ETYMOLOGY. The species was dedicated to Academi-

cian N.M. Kulagin [Spassky, Luppova, 1945: 46].

Asiacosa kulagini (Spassky, 1941), comb.n.

Figs 82–96, Map 2.

Lycosa kulagini Spassky, 1941: 17, pl. 1, figs 5–6 (D#);

holotype male in ZISP, examined.

Lycosa kulagini: Spassky, Luppova, 1945: 46 (D#).

493

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 90–96. Holotype # of Lycosa kulagini Spassky, 1941: 90 — carapace, frontal view; 91 — same, dorsal view; 92 — same, ventral

view; 93 — chelicerae, rear view; 94 — carapace, lateral view; 95 — abdomen, dorsal view; 96 — same, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm

(90, 93), 2.5 mm (91, 92, 94–96).

Рис. 90–96. Голотип # Lycosa kulagini Spassky, 1941: 90 — головогрудь, вид спереди; 91 — то же, вид сверху; 92 — то же, вид

снизу; 93 — хелицеры, вид сзади; 94 — головгрудь, вид сбоку; 95 — брюшко, вид сверху; 96 — то же, вид снизу. Масштаб: 1 мм

(90, 93), 2,5 мм (91, 92, 94–96).

It is likely that A. asiatica known from the females (see

above) could represent an opposite sex to this species, be-

cause the pre-epigastric area of the holotype male venter is

also contrastingly brown (Fig. 96), which is a characteristic

feature of the females of both A. asiatica and A. babatagh

sp.n. (Fig. 75). At the same time, the type locality of A.

kulagini lies rather close to that of A. asiatica (Map 2);

dorsum colour pattern is also similar in both species (Figs

71, 95). The matter requires a special attention in the future

when both sexes of all species have been collected together.

DISTRIBUTION. Only the type locality (Map 2).

DIAGNOSIS. Although the palp conformation of A.

kulagini is unique by the position of the tutaculum at 2

o’clock, the male is superficially similar to that of the Euro-

Central Asian Alopecosa edax (Thorell, 1875). Both species

can be easily distinguished by the shape of the median

apophysis and the position of tutaculum (cf. Figs 83–85

with comparative figures provided by Nentwig et al. [2023]).

The female of A. kulagini is yet unknown.

COMMENTS. The species was formally described

twice, by Spassky [1941] and then by Spassky & Luppova

[1945].

494 D.V. Logunov

Figs 97–103. Geolycosa dunini Zyuzin et Logunov, 2000 (97–99, 101, 102 — specimens from Kutaisi, Georgia, ARA_ARA_0000058;

100, 103 — paratype $ from MMUE): 97 — bulbus, ventral view; 98 — same, retrolateral view; 99 — embolar division, ventral view; 100,

101 — epigyne, ventral view; 102, 103 — vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (100–103), 0.5 mm (97–99).

Рис. 97–103. Geolycosa dunini Zyuzin et Logunov, 2000 (97–99, 101, 102 — экземпляры из Кутаиси, Грузия, ARA_ARA_0000058;

100, 103 — паратип $ из MMUE): 97 — бульбус, вид снизу; 98 — то же, вид сбоку-сзади; 99 — эмболярный отдел, вид снизу; 100,

101 — эпигина, вид снизу; 102, 103 — вульва, вид сверху. Масштаб: 0,25 мм (100–103), 0,5 мм (97–99).

brown, with yellowish eye field and dark brown radial stripes.

Sternum and coxae yellowish brown. Labium and endites

yellowish brown, with bright yellow tips. Abdomen: dorsum

yellowish brown, with a longitudinal pattern of subparallel

interrupted white stripes and spots as in Fig. 95; sides and

venter yellow, with contrastingly brown pre-epigastric area.

Book-lung covers and spinnerest yellow, tinged with brown.

All legs yellowish brownish, but Tb, Mt nd Tr of presumably

legs I darker, reddish brown. Palpal structure as in Figs 82–

DESCRIPTION. MALE (holotype; badly damaged and

dismembered). Carapace 6.75 long, 4.50 wide. Eye sizes

and interdistances: AME 0.33, ALE 0.30, PME 0.75, PLE

0.65, AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.65,

PLE-PLE 1.50. Width of anterior eye row 1.45, second row

1.93, third row 2.23. Clypeus height 0.18, chelicera length

2.50. Abdomen 5.75 long, 3.75 wide. Length of leg segments:

all legs are detached from the body, their correct measure-

ments was impossible. Colouration (Figs 90–96). Carapace

495

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 104–108. Karakumosa ferganensis sp.n., holotype $ (104, 105, 107, 108) and paratype $ (106): 104, 106 — epigyne, ventral

view; 105 — vulva, dorsal view; 107 — body, ventral view; 108 — same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (104–105), 10 mm (107, 108).

Рис. 104–108. Karakumosa ferganensis sp.n., голотип $ (104, 105, 107, 108) и паратип $ (106): 104, 106 — эпигина, вид снизу;

105 — вульва, вид сверху; 107 — тело, вид снизу; 108 — то же, вид сверху. Масштаб: 0,5 мм (104–105), 10 мм (107, 108).

Geolycosa dunini Zyuzin et Logunov, 2000

Figs 97–103.

Geolycosa dunini Zyuzin et Logunov, 2000: 309, figs 7–9

(D#$).

PARATYPES. AZERBAIJAN: 2 $$ (MMUE, G7491.10), Pirkuli

State Reserve [c. 40°47′N, 48°34′E], 1000 m a.s.l., 9.09.1984,

D.V. Logunov.

MATERIAL. GEORGIA: 2 ## 8 $$, 8 juveniles (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000058; earlier identified as Lycosa vultuosa), nr.

Kutaisi [c. 42°16′N, 42°41′E], 09.1938, K. Svanidze; 15 $$ (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000178), nr. Tiflis [now Tbilisi, c. 41°42′N, 44°45′E],

Davydovskaya Mt., 24.04.1910, Sapugin [N253-910].

COMMENTS. This is a relatively common trans-Cauca-

sian species known from Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan

[Kovblyuk et al., 2012; Otto, 2023]. All new records lie

within the known range of the species.

As the vulva of this species has never been illustrated to

date, a set of new figures based both on the paratype and

newly studied material is presented here (Figs 97–103). The

vulva conformation of G. dunini is very similar to that of

North American species and G. vultuosa (C.L. Koch, 1838)

(cf. Wallace [1942]; Dondale & Redner [1990]; Nentwig et

al. [2023]) — all have bean-shaped primary receptacles

being connected to ovoid secondary receptacles by short,

curved ducts.

Karakumosa Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020

Type species: Karakumosa repetek Logunov et Pono-

marev, 2020; by original designation [Logunov, Ponoma-

rev, 2020].

85: bulbus elongated (1.4 time longer than wide); subtegu-

lum elongated and comparatively large, situated in proxi-

mal-mesal position; tutaculum at 2 o’clock (at 12 o’clock in

the majority of lycosids; e.g., Alopecosa-like); tegulum with

a characteristic whitish membrane covering the basal part of

median apophysis; median apohysis triangular, very wide at

base and pointed at tip, directed retro-laterad; synembolus

absent; embolus awl-shaped, with well-developed pars pen-

dula; membranous conductor wide and low.

FEMALE unknown, but see ‘Comments’ above.

Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904

Type species: Geolycosa latifrons Montgomery, 1904;

by original designation [Montgomery, 1904].

COMMENTS. The genus Geolycosa has a worldwide

distribution and currently includes 72 named species [WSC,

2023]. However, the taxonomy and composition of the ge-

nus requires a thorough revision. The type species — G.

latifrons Montgomery, 1904 — was described and known

from North America, so it is likely that many Afrotropical

and South American species of Geolycosa should actually

be transferred to other genera. Dondale & Redner [1990: 27]

even expressed the opinion that “the genus Geolycosa is

believed to be restricted to North America”.

The European fauna of Geolycosa currently consists of

four species [Nentwig et al., 2023], of which three are

known from the Caucasus [Kovblyuk et al., 2012; Mikhailov,

2013]. To date, no Geolycosa species has been reliably

recorded from Middle Asia, but one species is known from

north-west Iran [Zamani et al., 2023].

496 D.V. Logunov

COMMENTS. Karakumosa is a small Central Asian

genus of fossorial lycosids currently accounting for 13 named

species [WSC, 2023]. The present paper provides informa-

tion about six species, of which three are described as new.

Karakumosa ferganensis sp.n.

Figs 104–108, Map 3.

TYPES. HOLOTYPE $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000051; Figs 104,

105, 107, 108; earlier identified by P. Schmidt as Lycosa alticeps),

Uzbekistan, Fergana [c. 40°23′N, 71°47′E], 18.05.1878, Kush-

akevitch [883 (779)]. — PARATYPES: 1 $ & 1 juvenile (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000385; Fig. 106), together with the holotype.

ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is an adjective orig-

inating from Fergana (Uzbekistan), where the type series

was collected.

DIAGNOSIS. The female of the new species is similar

to those of K. shmatkoi Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020 from

cis-Caspian regions and K. zyuzini Logunov et Ponomarev,

2020 from southern Uzbekistan, but clearly differs from

both in having the ovoid and subparallel secondary recepta-

cles (tubular and inclined to each other in the related spe-

cies; cf. Figs 105 with figs 121, 182 in Logunov & Pono-

marev [2020]). The male of K. ferganensis sp.n. is yet un-

known.

COMMENTS. There is a possibility that the female of

K. ferganensis sp.n. may belong to K. tashkumyr Logunov et

Ponomarev, 2020, described from males and known from

Jalalabad Region in Kyrgyzstan [Logunov, Ponomarev,

2020], as their type localities are geographically close. This

matter requires a special attention in the future when both

sexes for both species have been collected and studied.

DISTRIBUTION. Only the type locality (Map 3).

DESCRIPTION. MALE unknown.

FEMALE (holotype). Measurements. Carapace 12.00

long, 9.60 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.65,

ALE 0.45, PME 1.45, PLE 1.25, AME-AME 0.65, AME-

ALE 0.20, PME-PME 1.10, PLE-PLE 2.90. Width of anteri-

or eye row 2.70, second row 3.75, third row 4.60. Clypeus

height 0.55, chelicera length 6.50. Abdomen 12.50 long,

9.40 wide. Length of leg segments: I 9.50 + 4.70 + 8.10 +

7.70 + 4.40 (34.40); II 8.70 + 4.40 + 7.60 + 7.50 + 4.30

(32.50); III 8.60 + 4.20 + 6.20 + 7.70 + 4.10 (30.80); IV

10.80 + 4.30 + 8.50 + 11.40 + 5.30 (40.30). Spination of leg

I: Fm d 1-1-3ap, rt 1-1-1; Tb pr 1-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt v 2-2-

3ap. Colouration (Figs 107, 108). Carapace yellow-orange,

covered with long, white recumbent scales. Sternum yellow,

densely covered with white hairs. Labium and endites yel-

lowish brownish, with light yellow tips, densely covered

with brown hairs. Chelicerae dark brown. Abdomen: dor-

sum sandy-coloured, with a poorly marked pattern of two

longitudinal rows of white spots; sides and venter yellow;

entire abdomen covered with light yellow hairs. Book-lung

covers yellow, spinnerets yellow, tinged with brown. All

legs and palps yellow-orange, covered with long brownish

and white recumbent scales. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs

104–106: epigynal atrium twice as long as wide, with a

constriction at its rear half and lateral edges slightly bicon-

vex; posterior transverse plate narrow and almost straight,

with a shallow notch in the middle at its rear edge; spermath-

ecae ovoid, subparallel, distinctly swollen anteriorly, twice

as short as epigynal atrium; fertilization ducts prominent,

directed proximo-mediad.

Karakumosa ovtchinnikovi sp.n.

Figs 109–119, Map 3.

TYPES. HOLOTYPE # (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000386; Figs 109–

112, 118, 119), Uzbekistan, Babatagh Mt. Range, 5 km SW of Ak-

Machit Vil. (=Okmachit; c. 38°03′18″N, 68°14′27″E), c. 1075 m

a.s.l., 28.04.1995, S.V. Ovtchinnikov. — PARATYPES: 1 $ & 1

juvenile (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000387), same locality, 28.04.1995,

S.V. Ovtchinnikov; 1 $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000388), same locali-

ty, 28.04.1995, S.V. Ovtchinnikov; 2 $$ (MHNG), same locality,

28.04.1995, S.V. Ovtchinnikov; 2 $$ (MMUE, G7693.1; Figs

113–117), same locality, 28.04.1995, S.V. Ovtchinnikov.

ETYMOLOGY. The species is dedicated to its collector,

Sergei V. Ovtchinnikov (1958–2007), my former colleague

and the arachnologist who contributed significantly to the

study of spiders of Middle Asia (see Milko et al. [2010]

about him).

DIAGNOSIS. The male of the new species is similar to

those of K. alticeps (Kroneberg, 1875) from southern Kaza-

khstan and K. gromovi Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020 from

southern Uzbekistan, from which it can be distinguished by

different shapes of the median tooth and proximal extension,

and by the obtuse conductor (pointed in both related spe-

cies; cf. Figs 109, 112, 119 with figs 12–20, 59–68 in

Logunov & Ponomarev [2020]). The female of K. ovtchinni-

kovi sp.n. is similar to those of K. gromovi and K. reshetnik-

ovi Logunov et Fomichev, 2021 from Tajikistan, but can be

easily distinguished from K. reshetnikovi by the boot-shaped

(not round) secondary receptacles, and from K. gromovi, by

the narrow, straight, bar-shaped (not triangular) posterior

transverse plate (cf. Figs 113, 115 with figs 61, 62, 72, 73 in

Logunov & Ponomarev [2020] and figs 5–8 in Logunov &

Fomichev [2021]).

DISTRIBUTION. Only the type locality (Map 3).

DESCRIPTION. MALE (holotype). Carapace 10.00 long,

8.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.45, ALE

0.45, PME 1.10, PLE 1.15, AME-AME 0.35, AME-ALE

0.15, PME-PME 0.90, PLE-PLE 2.40. Width of anterior eye

row 2.30, second row 3.10, third row 3.80. Clypeus height

0.33, chelicera length 4.50. Abdomen 9.30 long, 6.50 wide.

Length of leg segments: I 10.30 + 4.00 + 8.70 + 9.00 + 4.10

(36.10); II 10.00 + 3.80 + 8.20 + 10.20 + 3.90 (36.10); III

9.40 + 3.50 + 7.10 + 10.40 + 4.00 (34.40); IV 11.30 + 3.70 +

8.80 + 12.40 + 4.60 (40.80). Spination of leg I: Fm d 1-1-3-

5ap; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-0, rt 1-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt densely

covered with hairs, no spine count was possible. Coloura-

tion (Fig. 118). Carapace yellowish brown, with brown radi-

al stripes, covered with logn white recumbent scales. Ster-

num yellow, densely covered with white hairs. Labium and

endites yellow, with brown tinge nd white tips. Chelicerae

brown. Abdomen: dorsum and sides brown, with a dorsal

pattern of transverse white lines and spots as in Fig. 118;

venter light yellow, with a brownish median spot on pre-

epigastric area. Book-lung covers and spinnerets yellow,

slightly tinged with brownish. All legs and palps yellow, Tb,

Mt and Tr of legs I and II ventrally and laterally densely

covered with grey hairs (especially dense on Mt). Palpal

structure as in Figs 109–112, 119: acutely pointed synembo-

lic lamellae subparallel to each other, dorsal one twice as

short as ventral one, the tip of ventral lamella rests on

conductor; median tooth medium-sized, about equal in size

to proximal extension, with a serrate median edge; proximal

extension wide and obtuse at its prolaterad-directed shoul-

der, separated from median tooth by one width of the latter;

inner plate large and ovoid, clearly visible in ventral view;

conductor square and round, not pointed at its tip.

497

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 109–119. Karakumosa ovtchinnikovi sp.n., holotype # (109–112, 118, 119) and paratype $ from MMUE (113–117): 109 —

bulbus, ventral view; 110 — same, retrolateral view; 111 — embolar division; 112 — median tooth; 113, 115 — epigyne, ventral view;

114 — vulva, dorsal view; 116 — body, ventral view; 117 — same, dorsal view; 118 — abdomen, dorsal view; 119 — median apophysis.

Scale bars: 0.1 mm (112), 0.25 mm (111, 113–115, 119), 0.5 mm (109, 110), 10 mm (116–118).

Рис. 109–119. Karakumosa ovtchinnikovi sp.n., голотип # (109–112, 118, 119) и паратип $ из MMUE (113–117): 109 —

бульбус, вид снизу; 110 — то же, вид сзади-сбоку; 111 — эмболярный отдел; 112 — медиальный зуб; 113, 115 — эпигина, вид

внизу; 114 — вульва, вид сверху; 116 — тело, вид снизу; 117 — то же, вид сверху; 118 — брюшко, вид сверху; 119 — медиальный

апофиз. Масштаб: 0,1 мм (112), 0,25 мм (111, 113–115, 119), 0,5 мм (109, 110), 10 мм (116–118).

498 D.V. Logunov

Figs 120–124. Karakumosa severtsovi sp.n., holotype $: 120 — epigyne, ventral view; 121 — vulva, dorsal view; 122 — body, ventral

view; 123 — same, lateral view; 124 — same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (120, 121), 5 mm (122, 124).

Рис. 120–124. Karakumosa severtsovi sp.n., голотип $: 120 — эпигина, вид снизу; 121 — вульва, вид сверху; 122 — тело, вид

снизу; 123 — то же, вид сбоку; 124 — то же, вид сверху. Масштаб: 0,25 мм (120, 121), 5 мм (122, 124).

ondary receptacles boot-shaped, twice as short as epigynal

atrium, inclined towards each other, but their apical ends

directed antero-laterad; fertilization ducts prominent, direct-

ed proximad.

Karakumosa severtsovi sp.n.

Figs 120–124, Map 3.

TYPES. TAJIKISTAN: 1 $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000379), Kur-

gan-Tyube Area, Beshkentskaya Valley (Chiluchor-Chashma

Spring; c. 37°18′N, 68°02′E), 300–400 m a.s.l., 22–24.08.1967,

coll.? [8].

ETYMOLOGY. The new species is dedicated to Nikolai

A. Severtsov (1827–1885), a famous Russian scientist-natu-

ralist, traveller and explorer of Central Asia (see Andreev &

Matveev [1946] and Zolotnitskaya [1978] about him).

DIAGNOSIS. In the conformation of the epigyne, the

female of K. severtsovi sp.n. is most similar to that of the

FEMALE (paratype from MMUE, G7693.1). Measure-

ments. Carapace 9.30 long, 7.70 wide. Eye sizes and interd-

istances: AME 0.55, ALE 0.50, PME 1.35, PLE 1.20, AME-

AME 0.30, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.90, PLE-PLE

2.40. Width of anterior eye row 2.35, second row 3.25, third

row 3.95. Clypeus height 0.30, chelicera length 5.85. Abdo-

men 5.30 long, 3.95 wide. Length of leg segments: I 8.20 +

3.50 + 6.10 + 5.60 + 3.20 (26.60); II 7.30 + 3.40 + 5.60 +

3.10 (25.00); III 7.10 + 4.10 + 4.80 + 6.30 + 3.20 (25.50);

IV 8.70 + 3.20 + 6.60 + 8.80 + 3.70 (31.00). Spination of

leg I: Fm d 1-1-3-6ap; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt

pr 1-0, v 2-2-3ap. Colouration (Figs 116, 117), as in the

male, but legs I and II without dense grey hairs on Tb, Mt

and Tr. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 113–115: epigynal

atrium twice as long as wide, almost glass-shaped, with a

constriction at its rear half and markedly sigmoid lateral

edges; posterior transverse plate narrow and straight; sec-

499

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Map 3. Collecting localities of four Karakumosa species.

Карта 3. Точки находок четырёх видов Karakumosa.

MATERIAL. AZERBAIJAN: 1 # (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000049;

earlier identified by P. Schmidt as Lycosa alticeps), Baku (coordi-

nates are given for east Baku, c. 40°25′N, 49°56′E), no date and

name collector [880]. — KAZAKHSTAN: 1 # (ZMMU), E shore of

Caspian Sea, [Ustyurt], Kenderli (c. 42°56′N, 54°26′E), 10.07.

1956, G.B. Zevina.

COMMENTS. Both new records lie within the species

range outlined by Logunov & Ponomarev [2020: fig. 155],

i.e. within the region surrounding the northern two-thirds of

Caspian Sea. The record of Lycosa alticeps (1 #) from

Baku by Schmidt [1895] actually belongs to this species

(Schmidt’s material re-examined).

Karakumosa spp.

MATERIAL. UZBEKISTAN: 2 immature $$ (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000163), Turkestan, Tashkent [c. 41°17′N, 69°15′E],

no date, A. Sobennikov [3759]; epigyne on the slide preparation

4674 (examined). — TURKMENISTAN: 3 immature $$ (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000052; earlier identified by P. Schmidt as Lycosa

alticeps), Zakaspiiskaya Oblast, Uch-Adzhi sands [c. 38°05′N,

62°48′E], 12–27.04.1892, Zarudnyi [884 (799)]; 1 $ & 2 juveniles

(ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000048, no epigyne; earlier identified by P.

Schmidt as Lycosa alticeps), Zakaspiiskaya Oblast (no exact local-

ity; according to Schmidt [1895: 450], it was Turkomania — see

below under ‘Comments’), 05–06.1859, [N.A.] Severtsov [881

(784); these specimens were collected together with Oculicosa

supermirabilis Zyuzin, 1993 (1#, see Table; Figs 160, 162) which

was also identified by Schmidt as Lycosa alticeps].

COMMENTS. It is likely that all three samples studied

belong to different Karakumosa species. However, as all of

them contain either immature specimens or the female with-

out the epigyne, they cannot be positively identified. Ac-

cording to Schmidt [1895: 450], the ZISP sample

(ARA_ARA_0000048) was collected by Severtsov in Turko-

mania in May–June 1859 and should contain five females.

Yet, currently it contains a single adult $ (without epigyne)

and two juveniles; the sample also contained the adult male

which in fact belongs to O. supermirabilis (see below). The

adult female studied cannot belong to K. alticeps, because

south-Kazakhstani K. alticeps, from which it can be easily

distinguished by the stronger sigmoid atrium edges and the

comparatively longer and narrower secondary receptacles

(cf. Figs 120, 121 with figs 27–29 in Logunov & Ponomarev

[2020]).

DISTRIBUTION. Only the type locality (Map 3).

DESCRIPTION. MALE unknown.

FEMALE. Measurements. Carapace 9.50 long, 6.80 wide.

Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.50, ALE 0.40, PME

1.10, PLE 1.15, AME-AME 0.30, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-

PME 0.90, PLE-PLE 2.25. Width of anterior eye row 2.05,

second row 2.90, third row 3.70. Clypeus height 0.40, cheli-

cera length 4.40. Abdomen 12.80 long, 9.20 wide. Length of

leg segments: I 7.80 + 3.30 + 6.00 + 5.20 + 3.00 (25.30); II

7.50 + 3.00 + 5.50 + 5.50 + 3.00 (24.50); III 6.40 + 2.90 +

4.80 + 5.70 + 3.40 (23.20); IV 8.30 + 3.20 + 6.40 + 7.50 +

3.80 (29.20). Spination of leg I: Fm d 1-1-3ap, rt 1-1; Pt pr

0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt pr 1-1, v 2-2-3ap. Coloura-

tion (Figs 122–124). Carapace light yellow, with brownish

radial lines, covered with long white and brown recumbent

scales. Sternum light yellow, covered with brown protruded

hairs. Labium and maxillae yellowish brownish, with light

yellow tips, covered with brown hairs. Chelicerae dark red-

brown. Abdomen damaged and notably faded, light yellow,

but dorsum with a pale colour pattern consisting of white

longitudinal interrupted band. Book-lung covers and spin-

nerets yellow, slightly tinged with brown. All legs and palps

yellow, but Mt and Tr orange. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs

120, 121: epigynal atrium twice as long as wide (in its

widest part), with a constriction at its rear half and markedly

sigmoid lateral edges; posterior transverse plate boat-shaped

and straight; spermathecae narrow and elongated, subpalal-

lel, as thick as insemination ducts; fertilization ducts promi-

nent, directed proximo-laterad.

Karakumosa shmatkoi Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020

K. shmatkoi Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020: 295, figs 103–141

(D#$).

500 D.V. Logunov

Figs 125–128. Karakumosa turanica Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020, the male from Repetek, Turkmenistan (ARA_ARA_0000163):

125 — bulbus, ventral view; 126 — same, retrolateral view; 127 — median apophysis, ventral view; 128 — median tooth, ventral view.

Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Рис. 125–128. Karakumosa turanica Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020, самец из Репетека, Туркменистан (ARA_ARA_0000163):

125 — бульбус, вид снизу; 126 — то же, вид сбоку-сзади; 127 — медиальная апофиза, вид снизу; 128 — медиальный зуб, вид

снизу. Масштаб bars: 0,5 мм.

K. golestanica Shafaie, Nadolny et Mirshamsi, 2022a: 505,

figs 8–20 (D#); holotype # not examined. Syn.n.

MATERIAL. TURKMENISTAN: 1 $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000169),

Așgabat (coordinates are given for the centre of modern city, c.

37°58′N, 58°15′E), 11–30.05.1916, G.A. Shkaff [346-916]; 1 #

(ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000170), Dzhedal’ station (failed to trace this

locality), Bol’shoi Balkhan [=Uly Balkan dagy; c. 39°40′N,

54°34′E], Zakaspiiskaya Oblast, 16.08.1909, Nasonov [164-909];

1 # (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000163; Figs 125–128), Repetek [c.

38°35′N, 63°11′E], 17.07.1915, S. Tsarevskii [281-915]; 1 # (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000173), Zakaspiiskaya Oblast, Bairam-Ali (now

Bayramaly, c. 37°37′N, 62°08′E), 08.1908, K.D. [494-910].

COMMENTS. To date, the species has been known

from a number of localities in southern Turkmenistan, south-

east Uzbekistan and Iran [Logunov, Ponomarev, 2020; Sha-

faie et al., 2022a: sub K. golestanica, 2022b; present data]

(Map 3).

Although the median tooth of the median apophysis in

the holotype male of K. turanica appears rather square [Lo-

gunov, Ponomarev, 2020: figs 161, 164], in all other males

of this species studied by me to date such tooth is not square

but rather as shown in Fig. 128. Besides, the posterior exten-

tion of the median apophysis is situated somewhat further

from the median tooth than it was shown by Logunov &

Ponomarev [2020: fig. 161] (Figs 125, 127). Based on these

clarifications, the conformation of the male palp in K. turan-

ica is identical to that in the recently described Iranian K.

golestanica (cf. figs Shafaie et al. [2022a]). Therefore, it is

safe to conclude that name K. golestanica is to be consid-

ered a junior synonym of K. turanica.

At the same time, one of the distant localities for K.

turanica from Sistan & Baluchistan Province of Iran [Sha-

faie et al., 2022b] (arrowed in Map 3) was based on a single

female and is in need of confirmation when both sexes have

been collected from this locality. It is possible that a similar

but different species actually occurs there.

its body size is about 30% larger than in the latter species;

yet, true K. alticeps is restricted to south-east Kazakhstan

[Logunov, Ponomarev, 2020: fig. 76].

The location ’Turkomania’ given by Schmidt [1895]

causes some difficulty, as this term has been applied to

various geographical regions. Based on Lanségüe [1791:

293], Turkomania was the territory “between Persia in the

east, and Georgia in the west”, i.e. between modern-day

Iranian Azerbaijan and Armenia. Yet, Wikipedia interer-

prets this historic term as Turkmenland (=Turkmeneli; lit.?

‘Land of Turkmens’ in Turkish), that is the territory lying

around northern Iraq’s border with Turkey and Syria. Since

this sample was collected by N.A. Severtsov, who had never

been to either Iran or Turkey, none of the above definitions

of ‘Turkomania’ are appropriate in our case.

Based on the labelling data of the sample in question, it

was collected by Severtsov in May–June 1859. Unfortunate-

ly, in the two books on Severtsov available to me [Andreev,

Matveev, 1946: 56; Zolotnitskaya, 1978: 30–31], this trip

neither was mapped, nor was even mentioned. Recently

Pirumshoev [2021] mentioned that in 1859 Severtsov un-

dertook a journey to the northern desert of Kyzyl-Kum (i.e.,

the territory of modern Kazakhstan). However, Bakkal [2022:

145] provided transcribed data from the label for the north-

ern shoveler (Spatula clypeata) from the ZISP collected by

Severtsov during his 1859 trip: viz., “4.V.1859, Udzhak

(border with Persia)”. So, based on this information, the

collecting locality should be in the territory of modern Turk-

menistan, which coincides with the definition of ‘Turkoma-

nia’ by some earlier authors who outlined it as Kara-Kum

desert (e.g., Lessar [1885]) and what is followed in this paper.

Karakumosa turanica Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020

Figs 125–128, Map 3.

K. turanica Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020: 303, figs 156–168

(D#$).

501

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 129–140. Lycosa aragogi Nadolny et Zamani, 2017, the male from Kerman Province, Iran (ARA_ARA_0000393): 129, 131 —

bulbus, ventral view; 130, 132 — same, retrolateral view; 133 — epigyne, ventral view; 134 — vulva, dorsal view; 135 — embolar

division, dorsal view; 136 — right chelicera, ventral view; 137 — carapace, frontal view; 138 — body, lateral view; 139 — same, dorsal

view; 140 — same, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (129–135), 1 mm (136, 137), 5 mm (138–140).

Рис. 129–140. Lycosa aragogi Nadolny et Zamani, 2017, самец из провиции Керман, Иран (ARA_ARA_0000393): 129, 131 —

бульбус, вид снизу; 130, 132 — то же, вид сзади-сбоку; 133 — эпигина, вид снизу; 134 — вульва, вид сверху; 135 — эмболярный

отдел, вид сверху; 136 — правая хелицера, вид снизу; 137 — головгрудь, вид спереди; 138 — тело, вид сбоку; 139 — то же, вид

сверху; 140 — то же, вид снизу. Масштаб: 0,5 мм (129–135), 1 мм (136, 137), 5 мм (138–140).

502 D.V. Logunov

Lycosa Latreille, 1804

Type species: Aranea tarantula Linnaeus, 1758; by orig-

inal designation [Latreille, 1804].

COMMENTS. It is a large paraphyletic genus currently

accounting for 220 named species in the world fauna [WSC,

2023]. The fauna of Middle Asia and Iran, currently consists

of five species [Logunov, Ponomarev, 2020; Zamani et al.,

2023]. A new Lycosa species from Uzbekistan is described

in the present paper.

Lycosa aragogi Nadolny et Zamani, 2017

Figs 129–140.

Lycosa aragogi Nadolny et Zamani, 2017: 597, figs 1–6 (D$)

MATERIAL. IRAN: 1 # (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000392; Figs

129–132, 135–140), Iran, Kerman Province (no exact locality),

20.04.1904, A. Matissen; 1 # 1 $ (without epigyne) (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000393; the epigyne in PSU, slide05-08, Figs 133,

134), Iran, Kerman Province (no exact locality), 28.04–8.05.1904,

A. Matissen.

DIAGNOSIS. In having extra processes of the median

apophysis, the male of L. aragogi is most similar to that of

L. elymaisa Zamani et Nadolny, 2022 from Kohgiluyeh and

Boyer-Ahmad Province of Iran, from which it can be easily

distinguished by the claw-shaped distal process directed

apicad (vs. spiral, directed proximad in L. elymaisa) and the

spoon-shaped ventral outgrowth (vs. pointed) (cf. Figs 129–

132 with figs 3, 4 in Zamani et al. [2022]).

COMMENTS. When describing L. elymaisa, Zamani et

al. [2022: 559] stated that this species is congeneric to L.

tarantula and the related species, in other words, it is a true

representative of the genus Lycosa. At the same time, they

suggested that two other Iranian Lycosa species — L. arago-

gi and L. macrophthalma Nadolny et Zamani, 2020 — could

actually belong to a different genus. Based on the newly

described male of L. aragogi (Figs 129–132, 135–140), it is

safe to conclude that (1) this species is indeed very close to

L. elymaisa (see ‘Diagnosis’ above), and (2) it has well-

developed both synembolus and embolus (Fig. 135), very

similar to those of the type species L. tarantula. Hence,

contrary to Zamani et al. [2022], there is no doubt that L.

aragogi is indeed a member of the genus Lycosa.

DISTRIBUTION. Two localities in Kerman province of

Iran.

DESCRIPTION. MALE (sample ARA_ARA_0000393).

Carapace 9.50 long, 7.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances:

AME 0.48, ALE 0.43, PME 1.10, PLE 1.05, AME-AME

0.20, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.75, PLE-PLE 2.10.

Width of anterior eye row 1.85, second row 2.85, third row

3.45. Clypeus height 0.25, chelicera length 3.65. Abdomen

8.20 long, 5.80 wide. Length of leg segments: I 8.80 +

3.80 + 7.50 + 8.10 + 4.00 (32.20); II 8.40 + 3.70 + 7.20 +

8.00 + 3.80 (31.10); III 7.80 + 3.10 + 6.20 + 8.50 + 3.60

(29.20); IV 9.40 + 3.50 + 8.00 + 10.80 + 4.30 (36.00). Spina-

tion of leg I: Fm d 2-2-4ap; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr and rt 1-1, v 2-

2-2ap; Mt pr and rt 1-1, v 2-2-3ap. Colouration (Figs 138–

140). Carapace yellowish brown, with dark brown radial

lines, densely covered with white elongated recumbent scales.

Sternum brownish yellow, densely covered with brown pro-

truded hairs. Labium and endites orange-yellow, with white

tips. Chelicerae light brown. Abdomen: dorsum and sides

light brown, with a pattern of yellow stripes and spots as in

Fig. 139, brown cardiac mark prominent; venter yellow,

with brown pre-epigastric area. Book-lung covers brown,

spinnerets yellow, slightly tinged with brown. All legs or-

ange-yellow, but Mt and Tr I–II brown. Palps yellow, with

brown bulbus. Palpal structure as in Figs 129–132, 135:

cymbium 1.6 times longer than wide, its apex with 6–7

widely separated strong bristles; bulbus slightly (1.1 times)

wider than long; median apophysis with three additional

processes, two of which direceted apicad and one ventrad;

synembolus thin, embolus-like; embolus thin, long and

curved, with well-developed pars pendula; conductor well-

developed, spoon-shaped.

FEMALE, see Nadolny & Zamani [2017]. The shape of

the epigyne and the vulva of the female studied here (Figs

133, 134) leaves no doubt in its identification as L. aragogi.

Its type locality (Kerman-Rafsanjan to Zarand pass) lies in

Kerman Province of Iran [Nadolny, Zamani, 2017].

Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876

Figs 156, 157.

Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876: 72, pl. 3, figs 8–9 (D#$).

MATERIAL. EGYPT: 1 $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000044; earlier

identified by P. Schmidt as Lycosa cambridgei), Desert Libycum

[apparently, the western part of Libyan desert, now in Egypt (no

exact locality)], no date, Dr Yunkers [1879; 890 (768)].

COMMENTS. This species was recently redescribed

[Armiach Steinpress et al., 2022], and the present record lies

within the known species’ range [WSC, 2023].

The record of Allocosa cambridgei (Simon, 1876) from

Egypt by Schmidt [1895: 478, sub Lycosa c.] was based on a

single misidentified female, which has been re-examined

here (Table; Figs 156, 157). To date, A. cambridgei has been

known from Turkey and Syria only [WSC, 2023], but all its

records are based on old (unverified) findings, and its taxo-

nomic status requires validation.

Lycosa praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836

Figs 141–144.

Lycosa praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836: 22, fig. 180 (D$).

MATERIAL. KAZAKHSTAN: 1 # 2 $$, 3 juveniles (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000049), East Kyzylkum desert, road to Aidarly,

Cyra… (illegible; not found locality), 5.07.1912, N.A. Zarudnyi

[320-912]. — TURKMENISTAN: 3 ## 3 $$, 1 juvenile (ZMMU),

Central Kopetdagh, Gaudan (now a district of Așgabat, c. 37°55′N,

58°24′E), 26–17.07.1895, baron O.V. Rozen; 1 $ (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000177), Zakaspiiskaya Oblast, Gaudan (Koil-Dol ?;

now a district of Așgabat, c. 37°55′N, 58°24′E), no date, Filippov-

ich [N132-97]; 1 $ (ZMMU), Krasnovodsk Oblast, Gasan-Kuli

Reserve, Delili cordon, N of Maloe Delili Lake [E of Esenguly, c.

37°28′N, 54°14′E], 25.01.1982, K.G. Mikhailov [1982-05]; 1 $

(ZMMU), Gasan-Kuli Reserve, Delili cordon, bottom of the former

Bol’shoe Delili Lake [of Esenguly, c. 37°28′N, 54°14′E], in bur-

row, 28.01.1981, K.G. Mikhailov [1982-05]; 2 ## 1 $ (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000171), Dzhedal’ station (not found locality),

Bol’shoi Balkhan [=Uly Balkan dagy; c. 39°40′N, 54°34′E], Zakas-

piiskaya Oblast, 16.08.1909, Nasonov [164-909]. — IRAN: 1 $

(ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000389; Figs 141, 142), northern Iran, Shahr-

ud [c. 36°25′N, 54°58′E], 14.VI.1914, A. Kirichenko [492-1914];

1 $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000390; Figs 143, 144), ?Khuzestan Prov-

ince, 6.IV.?1904, ?N.A.Zarudnyi [6.IV.?] [97-1904]. — COUNTRY

(?): 1 $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000189), 5 versts S of Serke-bai mosk

(not found locality), 6.07.1909, Mitskevich [29-910].

COMMENTS. It is an east-Mediterranean – Middle Asian

species, known from Greece in the west throughout Asia

Minor and the Caucasus, to Kyrgyzstan and south-east Ka-

zakhstan in the east, and to northern Iran in the south [Zyuzin,

Logunov, 2000; Zamani et al., 2023].

503

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 141–149. Females of Lycosa praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836 (141, 142 — Iran, Shahrud, ARA_ARA_0000389; 143, 144 — Iran,

Khuzestan Province, ARA_ARA_0000390) and Lycosa soboutii Shafaie, Nadolny et Mirshamsi, 2022 (145–149 — Iran, Tabriz,

ARA_ARA_0000391): 141, 143, 145 — epigyne, ventral view; 142, 144, 146 — vulva, dorsal view; 147 — carapace, frontal view; 148 —

chelicerae, ventral view; 149 — map with collecting localities. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (141–146), 1 mm (147, 148).

Рис. 141–149. Самки Lycosa praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836 (141, 142 — Иран, Шахруд, ARA_ARA_0000389; 143, 144 — Иран,

пров. Хужестан, ARA_ARA_0000390) и Lycosa soboutii Shafaie, Nadolny et Mirshamsi, 2022 (145–149 — Иран, Табриз,

ARA_ARA_0000391): 141, 143, 145 — эпигина, вид снизу; 142, 144, 146 — вульва, вид сверху; 147 — головогрудь, вид спереди;

148 — хелицеры, вид снизу; 149 — карта с точками находок. Масштаб: 0,5 мм (141–146), 1 мм (147, 148).

presented to demonstrate the variation of the vulva, which is

probably not less than that described for the related species L.

piochardi (see Armiach Steinpress et al. [2022: figs 9, 10]).

Although the species is rather common, it remains poorly

illustrated, especially its vulva. In this paper, the copulatory

organs of the studied females from Iran (Figs 141–144) are

504 D.V. Logunov

Figs 150–159. Females of Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (156, 157 — Libyan desert, Egypt) and Lycosa uzbekistanica sp.n. (150, 151,

154, 155, 158 — holotype; 152, 153, 159 — paratype): 150, 152, 156 — epigyne, ventral view; 151, 153, 157 — vulva, dorsal view; 154 —

body, dorsal view; 155 — same, ventral view; 158 — the type locality and habitat of L. uzbekistanica sp.n., Uzbekistan, Zeravshan Mts,

Aman Kutan pass; 159 — the habitat of paratype of L. uzbekistanica sp.n., Uzbekistan, Kuramin Mts, 8 km NW of Uigursal. Habitat

photos: © A. Zamesov. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (150–153, 156, 157), 5 mm (154, 155).

Рис. 150–159. Самки Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (156, 157 — Ливийская пустыня, Египет) и Lycosa uzbekistanica sp.n. (150,

151, 154, 155, 158 — голотип; 152, 153, 159 — паратип): 150, 152, 156 — эпигина, вид снизу; 151, 153, 157 — вульва, вид сверху;

154 — тело, вид сверху; 155 — то же, вид снизу; 158 — типовой локалитет и местообитание L. uzbekistanica sp.n., Узбекистан,

Зеравшанский хр., перевал Аман-кутан; 159 — местообитание паратипа L. uzbekistanica sp.n., Узбекистан, Кураминский хр., 8 км

СЗ Уйгурсала. Фотографии местообитаний: © А. Замесов. Масштаб: 0,25 мм (150–153, 156, 157), 5 мм (154, 155).

505

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Map 4. Collecting localities of one Lycosa and two Zyuzicosa species.

Карта 4. Точки находок одного вида Lycosa и двух видов Zyuzicosa.

tion and both females are assigned to the same species; to

compare with the strong variation in female copulatory or-

gans presented for the related L. piochardi [Armiach Stein-

press et al., 2022]. Males are required to definitively con-

firm or refute the present conclusion.

DISTRIBUTION. Two localities in south-east Uzbeki-

stan (Map 4).

DESCRIPTION. MALE unknown.

FEMALE (holotype). Measurements. Carapace 9.00 long,

6.30 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.45, ALE

0.40, PME 1.00, PLE 0.90, AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE

0.15, PME-PME 0.70, PLE-PLE 1.85. Width of anterior eye

row 1.80, second row 2.55, third row 3.05. Clypeus height

0.25, chelicera length 3.75. Abdomen 10.10 long, 7.20 wide.

Length of leg segments: I 6.50 + 3.00 + 4.60 + 4.90 + 2.40

(21.40); II 6.20 + 3.10 + 5.00 + 4.70 + 3.00 (22.00); III

5.80 + 2.60 + 4.10 + 5.20 + 2.60 (20.30); IV 7.60 + 3.10 +

5.60 + 7.80 + 3.30 (27.40). Spination of leg I: Fm d 1-1-3ap;

Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt v 2-2-2ap. Colouration

(Figs 154, 155). Carapace yellow-brown, with a wide medi-

an and two marginal stripes of long white recumbent scales,

and two longitudinal brown stripes of brown recumbent

scales. Sternum light brown, covered with brown protruded

hairs. Labium and endites dark brown, with bright yellow

tips. Chelicera dark brown. Abdomen: dorsum and sides

greyish brown, with a well-noticeable grey cardiac mark and

a dorsal pattern of two longitudinal lines of white strokes

and spots; venter yellow. Book-lung covers and spinnerets

yellow, slightly tinged with brown. All legs and palps: cox-

ae, Tb and Mt orange, Fm and Pt yellow; Tr brown; palpal

Tr in distal halves dark brown. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs

150–153: the median septum tongue-shaped; hood cavities

absent, but their rims foms a seegull figure; both primary

and secondary receptacles pear-shaped, with the very short

(almost absent) duct connecting them; fertilisation ducts

prominent, directed proximad.

Lycosa soboutii Shafaie, Nadolny et Mirshamsi, 2022

Figs 145–149.

Lycosa soboutii Shafaie, Nadolny et Mirshamsi, 2022a: 502,

figs 1–7 (D$).

MATERIAL. IRAN: 1 $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000391), East

Azerbaijan Province, Tabriz [c. 38°04′N, 46°17′E], 27.02.1914,

coll.?

COMMENTS. It is the first record of this species after

its description. The species is only known from two close

localities in Zanjan and East Azerbaijan Provinces of Iran

[Shafaie et al., 2022a; present data] (Fig. 149).

Lycosa uzbekistanica sp.n.

Figs 150–153, 154–159, Map 4.

TYPES. HOLOTYPE $ (SMNH; Figs 150, 151, 154, 155), Uzbeki-

stan, Kashkadarie Region, Zeravshan Mts, Aman Kutan pass

(39°17.3′N, 66°56.2′E; Fig. 158), 1730 m a.s.l., 22.04.2019, S.L.

Zonstein. — PARATYPE: 1 $ (SMNH; Figs 152, 153), Uzbekistan,

Namangan Region, Kuramin Mts, 8 km NW Uigursal (40°57.7′N,

70°58.3′E; Fig. 159), 830 m a.s.l., 13.04.2019, S.L. Zonstein.

ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is an adjective orig-

inating from the country where the species was found.

DIAGNOSIS. The epigyne of L. uzbekistanica sp.n. is

similar to that of L. piochardi, but can be easily distin-

guished by the touching hood rims forming a seagull-shaped

figure (vs. separated by two diameters in L. piochardi; cf.

Figs 150, 152 and 156). The vulva of the new species is

similar to that of the Oriental L. labialis Mao et Song, 1985,

from which it differs in the absence of the duct connecting

the primary and secondary receptacles (vs. present and well-

developed in L. labialis; cf. Figs 151, 153 with fig. 95 in

Zhang et al. [2022]).

COMMENTS. Although the median septum in the fe-

males studied varies in its length and width (Figs 150, 152),

the vulval structure remains constant (Figs 151, 153). There-

fore, the observed differences are considered to be a varia-

506 D.V. Logunov

Figs 160–163. Oculicosa supermirabilis Zyuzin, 1993 (160, 162 — ARA_ARA_0000047; 161, 163 — Kazakhstan, S foothills of

Karatau): 160, 161 — bulbus, ventral view; 162, 163 — same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

Рис. 160–163. Oculicosa supermirabilis Zyuzin, 1993 (160, 162 — ARA_ARA_0000047; 161, 163 — Казахстан, южные прегорья

Каратау): 160, 161 — бульбус, вид снизу; 162, 163 — то же, вид сбоку-сзади. Масштаб: 0,25 мм.

MATERIAL. TURKMENISTAN: 1 # (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000047;

earlier identified by P. Schmidt as Lycosa alticeps), Zakaspiiskaya

Oblast (no exact locality; according to Schmidt [1895: 450], it was

Turkomania), 05–06.1859, Severtsov [881 (784)].

COMMENTS. It is a Turan lowland species recorded to

date from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and northern Turkmeni-

stan [Logunov, Gromov, 2011].

The studied male was in the ZISP sample collected

together with the three Karakumosa females from ‘Turkoma-

nia’ and identified by Schmidt [1895] as Lycosa alticeps

(Table); for the location of ‘Turkomania’ adopted in the present

paper, see above “Comments” under Karakumosa spp.

Zyuzicosa Logunov, 2010

Type species: Zyuzicosa baisunica Logunov, 2010; by

original designation [Logunov, 2010].

COMMENTS. It is a small Middle Asian genus of fos-

sorial lycosids currently accounting for 11 species [WSC,

2023; Fomichev, 2023]. This paper provides new faunistic

data for three species and describes a new species from

Tajikistan based on old ZISP spider collections.

Zyuzicosa kvak sp.n.

Figs 164–173, Map 4.

TYPES. HOLOTYPE # (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000376), Tajiki-

stan, [c. 35 km N of Dushanbe], on the road to Kvak [field station,

c. 38°47′N, 68°49′E, 1800–2000 m a.s.l.], 3.06.1973, E. Blagovesh-

enskaya. — PARATYPES: 1 $, 2 subadult $$ (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000376), together with the holotype; 1 # (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000375), Tajikistan, [c. 35 km N of Dushanbe], Kond-

ara, Kvak [field station, c. 38°47′N, 68°49′E, 1800–2000 m a.s.l.],

1–5.06.1973, E. Blagoveshenskaya.

ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is a noun in apposi-

tion taken from the type locality.

DIAGNOSIS. The new species is most similar to Z.

laetabunda (Spassky, 1941) and Z. uzbekistanica Logunov,

2010, from which it can be easily distinguished by the wid-

er, serrated ventral process of the median apohysis directed

medio-apicad in the males (vs. pointed and directed mediad

Lycosa spp.

MATERIAL. UZBEKISTAN (?): 2 subadult $$ (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000042; earlier identified by P. Schmidt as Lycosa

glasunovi), Zeravshan valley (no exact locality), 1892, [col. Gla-

sunow; 925 (802)]. — TURKMENISTAN: 2 subadult $$ (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000045; earlier identified by P. Schmidt as Tarentu-

la bergsoei), Kuldzha [c. 37°25′N, 62°14′E], 1881 [col. Alferaki;

887 (801)]; 1 subadult $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000046; earlier iden-

tified by P. Schmidt as Tarentula bergsoei), Așgabat [coordinates

are given for the centre of modern city, c. 38°00′N, 58°16′E],

1888, Semenov [825].

COMMENTS. According to Schmidt [1895: 448, sub

Lycosa b.], he studied three samples of Hogna bergsoei

(Thorell, 1875): 2 $$ from Kuldzha, 1 $ from Așgabat, and

2 $$ from Kizylkum desert (with no exact locality). In all

cases, Schmidt presented these samples as adult females, but

unfortunately that was not the case. I’ve been able to re-

examine all three samples assigned by Schmidt to H. berg-

soei, and all of them contained subadult females. One of the

samples was identified by him as L. glasunovi (the non-

published and non-valid name), but it was published under

the name of Lycosa bergsoei. Although none of these fe-

males can be reliably identified to species, the following

assumptions can be made about their possible identifica-

tions: the females from the sample ARA_ARA_0000042 are

likely to belong to L. praegrandis (see above); those from

the samples ARA_ARA_0000046 and ARA_ARA_0000045

belong to either Lycosa or Karakumosa.

Oculicosa Zyuzin, 1933

Type species: Oculicosa supermirabilis Zyuzin, 1993;

by original designation [Zyuzin, 1993].

COMMENTS. It is a monotypic Middle Asian genus

[WSC, 2023].

Oculicosa supermirabilis Zyuzin, 1993

Figs 160–163.

Oculicosa supermirabilis Zyuzin, 1993: 694, figs 1–4, 6–8

(D#$).

507

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 164–173. Zyuzicosa kvak sp.n. (164–167 — holotype; 168–173 — paratypes): 164, 166 — bulbus, ventral view; 165, 167 —

same, retrolateral view; 168 — epigyne, ventral view; 169 — vulva, dorsal view; 170 — female body, dorsal view; 171 — same, ventral

view; 172 — male body, ventral view; 173 — same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (164–169), 5 mm (170–173).

Рис. 164–173. Zyuzicosa kvak sp.n. (164–167 — голотип; 168–173 — паратипы): 164, 166 — бульбус, вид снизу; 165, 167 — то

же, вид сбоку-сзади; 168 — эпигина, вид снизу; 169 — вульва, вид сверху; 170 — тело самки, вид сверху; 171 — то же, вид снизу;

172 — тело самца, вид внизу; 173 — то же, вид сверху. Масштаб: 0,25 мм (164–169), 5 мм (170–173).

508 D.V. Logunov

Map 5. Collecting localities of two Zyuzicosa species.

Карта 5. Точки находок двух видов Zyuzicosa.

FEMALE (paratype, ARA_ARA_0000376). Measure-

ments. Carapace 12.00 long, 9.00 wide. Eye sizes and inter-

distances: AME 0.50, ALE 0.45, PME 1.05, PLE 0.90,

AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE 0.20, PME-PME 0.85, PLE-

PLE 2.40. Width of anterior eye row 2.30, second row 2.90,

third row 3.40. Clypeus height 0.45, chelicera length 10.50.

Abdomen 10.50 long, 9.00 wide. Length of leg segments: I

8.30 + 4.30 + 6.50 + 7.10 + 3.50 (29.70); II 8.60 + 4.60 +

6.50 + 7.10 + 3.40 (30.20); III 8.00 + 3.10 + 5.80 + 7.20 +

3.60 (27.70); IV 10.70 + 4.60 + 8.60 + 11.30 + 4.50 (39.70).

Spination of leg I: Fm d 2-3-3ap; Tb pr 1-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt v

2-2-2ap. Colouration (Figs 170, 171), as in the male. Epigy-

ne and vulva as in Figs 168, 169: epigynal atrium trapezoi-

dal, without median septum; posterior transverse plate an-

chor-shaped; secondary receptacles narrow and elongated,

as thick as the ducts connecting them to primary receptacles;

fertilization ducts prominent, directed medio-proximad.

Zyuzicosa laetabunda (Spassky, 1941)

Map 5.

Lycosa laetabunda Spassky, 1941: 16, pl. 1, fig. 4 (D$).

MATERIAL. TAJIKISTAN: 1 $ (MIIZ), 3 $$ (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000374; earlier identified by E.M. Andreeva as Alope-

cosa nenjukovi), Aruktau Mt. Range, Gandzhina (c. 38°13′N,

68°29′E), c. 740 m a.s.l., 10th plot, 4.07.1969, T. Domracheva; 1 $

(ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000380), same locality, 28.06.1969, T. Dom-

racheva; 1 $ (MIIZ), [Varzob Distr.], watershed between Tagob

and Odzhuk rivers [coordinates are given for Odzhuk; c. 38°47′N,

68°54′E], c. 2000 m a.s.l., in burrow (25 cm deep), with spider-

lings, October 1974 (was kept in lab until March 1975), E.M.

Andreeva.

COMMENTS. To date, this species has been known from

Tajikistan only [Logunov, 2012; present data] (Map 5).

One of the samples studied (from Gandzhina) had previ-

ously been misidentified by E.M. Andreeva as Alopecosa

nenjukovi, but this locality was not included in her synopsis

of the Tajik spiders [Andreeva, 1976]. Nevertheless, the

records of Z. nenjukovi from Tajikistan by Andreeva [1976]

in the related species), and the different shape and propor-

tions of the spermathecae in the females (cf. Figs 164–169

and figs 36–43 in Logunov [2012]). In the shape of ventral

process of the median apophysis, K. kvak sp.n. is similar to

that of the Uzbekistani K. andreii Fomichev, 2023, but

differs from it in the absence of a tooth on the posterior

process of the median apophysis; besides, its posterior pro-

cess is markedly narrower than that of K. andreii (cf. Figs

166, 167 with figs 6–10 in Fomichev [2023]).

DISTRIBUTION. Only the type locality (Map 4).

DESCRIPTION. MALE (holotype). Carapace 12.00 long,

8.80 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.40, ALE

0.40, PME 1.00, PLE 0.80, AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE

0.20, PME-PME 0.75, PLE-PLE 2.30. Width of anterior eye

row 2.00, second row 2.55, third row 3.30. Clypeus height

0.55, chelicera length 8.50. Abdomen 11.00 long, 7.80 wide.

Length of leg segments: I 10.80 + 4.70 + 7.80 + 8.30 + 4.00

(35.60); II 9.10 + 4.50 + 7.30 + 8.40 + 3.80 (33.10); III

8.40 + 3.70 + 6.30 + 8.20 + 3.50 (30.10); IV 10.90 + 4.30 +

8.80 + 11.80 + 4.70 (40.50). Spination of leg I: Fm d 1-1-

3ap, pr and rt 1-1-1; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-0, v 2-2-2ap;

Mt pr 1-0, v 2-2-2ap. Colouration (Figs 172, 173). Carapace

light brown, with dark brown radial lines, and with one

median and two marginal yellow stripes. Sternum brown,

densely covered with grey hairs. Labium and endites yellow-

brown, with light yellow tips. Chelicerae brown. Abdomen:

dorsum brown greyish, with longitudinal pattern of white

strokes and spots; sides yellow; venter entirely black. Book-

lung covers yellowish brownish. Spinnerets yellow, slightly

tinged with brown. Legs brownish yellow, but Tb ventrally

with black spots at segment joints; Mt and Tr I and II

laterally and ventrally densely covered with grey hairs. Palps:

Fm and cymbium brownish, Pt and Tb yellow. Palpal struc-

ture as in Figs 164–167: the median apophysis almost square;

posterior processes pointed and directed proximad; ventral

process with serrated edge, directed medio-apicad; synem-

bolus bipartite, with a sclerotised lamella and wide base (as

in all Zyuzicosa species; see Logunov [2012]).

509

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

Figs 174–181. Zyuzicosa nenjukovi (Spassky, 1952) (174–177 — female from Tajiklistan, Peter I Mt. Range, Shahob gorge; 178–181 —

male from Uzbekistan, Quarshi): 174 — epigyne, ventral view; 175 — vulva, dorsal view; 176, 180 — body, ventral view; 177, 181 —

same, dorsal view; 178 — bulbus, retrolateral view; 179 — same, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (174, 175, 178, 179), 10 mm (176, 177,

180, 181).

Рис. 174–181. Zyuzicosa nenjukovi (Spassky, 1952) (174–177 — самка из Таджикистана, хр. Петра Первого, ущ. Шахоб; 178–

181 — самец из Узбекистана, Карши): 174 — эпигина, вид снизу; 175 — вульва, вид сверху; 176, 180 — тело, вид снизу; 177, 181 —

то же, вид сверху; 178 — бульбус, вид сбоку-сзади; 179 — то же, вид снизу. Масштаб: 0,5 мм (174, 175, 178, 179), 10 мм (176, 177,

180, 181).

MATERIAL. TAJIKISTAN: 2 $$ (SMNH; Figs 174–177), Peter I

Mt. Range, Shahob gorge, 2.5 km N of Shahob (38°50′N, 70°19′E;

Figs 1824–184), 1800 m a.s.l., 8.07.2019, S.L. Zonstein & A.

Hakimov. — UZBEKISTAN: 1 # (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000041; earli-

er identified by P. Schmidt as Lycosa medica; male without left

palp; Figs 178–181), Karshi (Bukhara) [now Quarshi, c. 38°51′N,

65°47′E], 1882, Grum-Grzymailo [930 (780)].

COMMENTS. In the conformation of the epigyne, the

female of Z. nenjukovi is closest to that of Z. fulviventris

are in need of confirmation upon reference to the pertinent

material, as some of them could actually belong to Z. la-

etabunda.

Zyuzicosa nenjukovi (Spassky, 1952)

Figs 174–184, Map 5.

Tarentula nenjukovi Spassky, 1952: 200, fig. 1 (D$).

510 D.V. Logunov

Figs 182–184. Habitats of Zyuzicosa nenjukovi (Spassky, 1952) from Tajiklistan, Peter I Mt. Range, Shahob gorge, © S.L. Zonstein.

Зонштейн.

Zyuzicosa uzbekistanica Logunov, 2010

Map 5.

Zyuzicosa uzbekistanica Logunov, 2010: 259, figs 54–55 (D#).

MATERIAL. UZBEKISTAN: 1 #, 1 immature # (ZISP,

ARA_ARA_0000082; earlier identified as Hogna singoriensis),

Karshi (Bukhara) [now Quarshi, c. 38°51′N, 65°47′E], 1882, Grum-

Grzymailo [848 (774)]; 1 subadult $ (ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000042;

earlier identified by P. Schmidt as Lycosa glasunovi), Karshi

(Bukhara) [now Quarshi, c. 38°51′N, 65°47′E], 1882, Grum-Grzy-

mailo [926 (769)].

COMMENTS. To date, this species has been known only

from Uzbekistan [Logunov, 2012; present data] (Map 5).

It is worth noticing that the examined male of Z. uzbeki-

stanica was collected from the same site as that of Z. nenjuk-

ovi given above, but the exact localities of both species were

not clearly indicated. Although a positive identification of

the subadult female of L. glasunovi (as per Schmidt [1895];

ZISP, ARA_ARA_0000042) is impossible, it may belong

either to Z. uzbekistanica or to Z. nenjukovi (see above), as

the specimen was collected from the same site (Quarshi), in

the same year (1882) and by the same collector (Grum-

Grzymailo).

Conclusion

According to Logunov & Ponomarev [2020: Ta-

ble], the fauna of the fossorial lycosids of Middle Asia

and the Caucasus consists of 30 species in nine genera.

In the context of the present paper, this estimate can be

elaborated as follows: Allohogna Roewer, 1955 (1 spe-

cies), Alopecosa (6), Asiacosa gen.n. (3), Geolycosa

(2), Hogna (1), Karakumosa (15), Lycosa (6), Oculi-

cosa (1), and Zyuzicosa (12) – 47 species in nine

genera. Of this set, one genus (Vesubia Simon, 1910) is

(Kroneberg, 1875) known from Zeravshan Mt. Range in

Uzbekistan, from which it can be easily distinguished by the

swollen, oval secondary receptacles and the S-shaped ducts

(vs. tubular or boot-shaped receptacles and straight ducts in

Z. fulviventris; cf. Figs 174, 175 with figs 72, 73, 76, 77 in

Logunov [2010: sub Z. zeravshanica]). Besides, this species

has an unusual body colouration that separates it from all the

known Zyuzicosa species: viz., the speckled dorsum and the

venter with no black spot (Figs 176, 177; see also Logunov

[2012: figs 10, 11]).

The male from Quarshi identified here as Z. nenjukovi

differs from the available figures of this species [e.g., Lo-

gunov, 2012: figs 30, 31] in having the slightly narrower

median apophysis (Fig. 178, 179), which likely to reflect a

variation of this character. Besides, the examined male has

only one, right palp, with a broken tip of the proximal

process of the median apophysis (Fig. 179). However, the

body colouration, especially its dorsum, is identical to that

of the females from Tajikistan (cf. Figs 180, 181, 176, 177

and figs 10–13 in Logunov [2012]), and therefore the

present identifications is accepted as correct. This male

was collected from the same site as Z. uzbekistanica given

below, but the exact localities of both species were not

clearly indicated. This locality (arrowed in Map 5) is quite

far from the main array of the species records, and there-

fore there is a possibility that the rather generalised infor-

mation on its whereabouts from the old label is not entirely

correct.

To date, the species has been known only from Tajiki-

stan and south-east Uzbekistan [Logunov, 2012; present

data] (Map 5). The habitats from which the studied female

of Z. nenjukovi was collected in Tajikistan are shown in Figs

182–184; the trees depicted on these images are Pashtun

Juniper (Juniperus seravschanica) and Common Walnut

(Juglans regia).

511

Notes on fossorial wolf spiders

removed from the fauna of Middle Asia, but another

(Asiacosa gen.n.) has been added. The latest estimate

is hardly exhaustive: more unrecorded and/or unde-

scribed species of fossorial lycosids should be expect-

ed, at least in the genera Alopecosa, Karakumosa and

Zyuzicosa.

Acknowledgements. I am most grateful to the following

colleagues who helped me during preparation of the present

work: Sergei Esyunin (Perm, Russia) kindly photographed

the lectotype male of A. fedotovi and the female of L. ara-

gorgi (Figs 8–11, 133, 134); Tony Hunter (World Museums

Liverpool, UK) allowed me to use the photographic equip-

ment in his museum; Yuri Marusik (Magadan, Russia) pro-

vided me with a photo of the holotype female of L. vivax

(Fig. 25); Kirill Mikhailov (Moscow, Russia) shared infor-

mation on the distribution of A. vivax and provided me with

the opportunity to study the ZMMU spider collection; Anna

Nekhaeva and Ilya Makhov (both St. Petersburg, Russia)

helped with the photos of the type specimens of A. asiatica

(Figs 61, 62); Phillip Rispin (Manchester, UK) took habitus

photos of several species (Figs 66–68, 107, 108, 116–118,

154, 155); Wioletta Wafer (Warsaw, Poland) allowed me to

examine the burrowing lycosids from Tajikistan deposited

in the MIIZ; Sergei Zonstein (Tel-Aviv, Israel) gave access

to the collection of Middle Asian burrowing lycosids from

the SMNH and also provided me with the photos of their

habitats (Figs 58, 79–81, 158, 159, 182–184). The present

work has benefited substantially from critical comments and

useful suggestions of the following colleagues: Galina Az-

arkina (Novisibirsk, Russia), Theo Blick (Hummeltal, Ger-

many), Sergei Esyunin (Perm, Russia), Yuri Marusik (Ma-

gadan, Russia), and Alexander Ponomarev (Rostov-on-Don,

Russia).

References

Andreev D.L., Matveev S.N. 1946. [Remarkable explorers of moun-

tainous Central Asia]. Moscow: OGIZ. 96 pp. [In Russian]

Andreeva E.M. 1976. [Spiders of Tajikistan]. Dushanbe: Donish.

196 pp. [In Russian]

Armiach Steinpress I., Cohen M., Pétillon J., Chipman A.D., Gav-

ish-Regev E. 2022. Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae)

of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904 //

European Journal of Taxonomy. Vol.832. P.1–54. doi:10.5852/

ejt.2022.832.1877

Azarkina G.N., Marusik Yu.M., Antonenko T.V. 2015. First de-

scription of the male of Alopecosa azsheganovae Esyunin,

1996 (Araneae: Lycosidae) // Zootaxa. Vol.4033. No.2. P.265–

269. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4033.2.5

Azarkina G.N., Trilikauskas L.A. 2013. Spider fauna (Aranei) of

the Russian Altai, part II: families Gnaphosidae, Hahniidae,

Linyphiidae, Liocranidae and Lycosidae // Euroasian Entomo-

logical Journal. Vol.12. No.1. P.51–67.

Bakkal S.N. 2022. [Ornitological collection of the Zoological Mu-

seum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences: essays in history].

Moscow: KMK Scientific Press. 415 pp. [In Russian]

Cameron H.D. 2005. An etymological dictionary of North Ameri-

can spider genus names // Ubick D., Paquin P., Cushing P.E.,

Roth V. (eds.). Spiders of North America: an identification

manual. Keene, NH: American Arachnological Society. P.274–

330.

Charitonov D.E. 1946. [New forms of spiders of the USSR] //

Izvestija Estesvenno-Nauchnogo Instituta pri Molotovskom

Gosudarstvennom Universitete imeni M. Gor’kogo. Vol.12.

No.3. P.19–32 [in Russian].

Charitonov D.E. 1969. [Materials on the spider fauna of the USSR]

// Uchenye Zapiski Permskogo Ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo

Znameni Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Imeni A.M. Gor’kogo.

Vol.179. P.59–133 [in Russian, with Latin summaries].

Denis J. 1947. Results of the Armstrong College expedition to

Siwa Oasis (Libyan desert), 1935. Spiders [Araneae] // Bulle-

tin de la Société Fouad 1er d’Entomologie. Vol.31. P.17–103.

Dondale C.D., Redner J.H. 1983. Revision of the wolf spiders of

the genus Arctosa C. L. Koch in North and Central America

(Araneae: Lycosidae) // Journal of Arachnology. Vol.11. P.1–

30.

Dondale C.D., Redner J.H. 1990. The wolf spiders, nurseryweb

spiders, and lynx spiders of Canada and Alaska // The Insects

and arachnids of Canada, part 17. Ottawa, Canada. 383 pp.

Esyunin S.L., Ponomarev A.V. 2018. Taxonomic remarks on the

genus Bogdocosa Ponomarev et Belosludtsev, 2008 (Aranei:

Lycosidae) // Arthropoda Selecta. Vol.27. No.1. P.61–68.

doi:10.15298/arthsel.27.1.09

Fomichev A.A. 2020. New observations on Oculicosa supermira-

bilis Zyuzin 1993 (Araneae: Lycosidae) in south-western Ka-

zakhstan // Acta Arachnologica. Vol.69. No.2. P.71–74.

doi:10.2476/asjaa.69.71

Fomichev A.A. 2023. A new species of Zyuzicosa Logunov, 2010

(Araneae: Lycosidae) from Uzbekistan // Arachnology. Vol.19.

Pt.6. P. xx–xx.

Freiberg P.R. 1897. [On Araneida collected from the left bank of

Oka River] // Izvestiya Obschestva lyubitelei estestvoznaniya,

antropologii i etnografii. Vol.86. Trudy Zoologicheskogo otde-

leniya Obshchestva. Vol.2. No.5. P.23–39 [in Russian].

Guy Y. 1966. Contribution à l’étude des araignées de la famille des

Lycosidae et de la sous-famille des Lycosinae avec étude spé-

ciale des espèces du Maroc // Travaux de l’Institut Scientifique

Chérifien et de la Faculté des Sciences, Série Zoologie. Rabat.

Vol.33. P.1–174.

Koch C.L. 1836. Die Arachniden. Dritter Band. Nürnberg: C.H.

Zeh’sche Buchhandlung. S.1–104. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.43744

Kovblyuk M.M., Otto S., Marusik Yu.M., Ponomarev A.V. 2012.

Redescription of the Caucasian species Geolycosa charitonovi

(Mcheidze, 1997) (Araneae: Lycosidae), with the first descrip-

tion of the male // Bulletin of the British Arachnological Soci-

ety. Vol.15. Pt.8. P.245–252.

Kroneberg A. 1875. [Fedtschenko A.P. Voyage in Turkestan. Spi-

ders. Araneae] // Izvestiya Obschestva lyubitelei estestvoz-

naniya, antropologii i etnografii. Vol.19. No.3. P.I–IV, 1–55, 5

tabs [in Russian].

Kronestedt T. 1990. Separation of two species standing as Alope-

cosa aculeata (Clerck) by morphological, behavioural and eco-

logical characters, with remarks on related species in the pul-

verulenta group (Araneae, Lycosidae) // Zoologica Scripta.

Vol.19. No.2. P.203–225. doi:10.1111/j.1463-

6409.1990.tb00256.x

Lanségüe de. 1791. A short compendium of ancient and modern

historical geography. London: Logographic Press. 480 pp.

Lessar M.P. 1885. The Kara-Kum, or desert of Turkomania //

Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly

Record of Geography. Vol.7. No.4. P.231–238.

Lugetti G., Tongiorgi P. 1969. Ricerche sul genere Alopecosa

Simon (Araneae-Lycosidae) // Atti della Società Toscana di

Scienze Naturali. Vol.B76. P.1–100.

Latreille P.A. 1804. Tableau methodique des Insectes // Nouveau

dictionnaire d’Histoire naturelle. Paris. Vol.24. P.129–295.

Logunov D.V. 2010. On new central Asian genus and species of

wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) exhibiting a pronounced

sexual size dimorphism // Proceedings of the Zoological Insti-

tute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Vol.314. No.3. P.233–

263.

Logunov D.V. 2012. A synopsis of the genus Zyuzicosa Logunov,

2010 (Aranei: Lycosidae) // Arthropoda Selecta. Vol.21. No.4.

P.349–362. doi:10.15298/arthsel.21.4.05

Logunov D.V. 2013. A new species of the genus Alopecosa Simon,

1885 (Aranei: Lycosidae) from south-east Kazakhstan // Ar-

thropoda Selecta. Vol.22. No.2. P.163–169. doi:10.15298/arth-

sel.22.2.06

512 D.V. Logunov

Logunov D.V. 2020. On three species of Hogna Simon, 1885

(Aranei: Lycosidae) from the Near East and Central Asia //

Arthropoda Selecta. Vol.29. No.3. P.349–360. doi:10.15298/

arthsel.29.3.08

Logunov D.V., Fomichev A.A. 2021. A new species of Karakumo-

sa Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020 (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosi-

nae) from Tajikistan // Arachnology. Vol.18. Pt.7. P.677–680.

doi:10.13156/arac.2020.18.7.677

Logunov D.V., Gromov A.V. 2011. Notes on the distribution of

Oculicosa supermirabilis (Araneae, Lycosidae) // Arachnolo-

gische Mitteilungen. Vol.42. P.48–51. doi:10.5431/aramit4208

Logunov D.V., Ponomarev A.V. 2020. Karakumosa gen. nov., a

new Central Asian genus of fossorial wolf spiders (Araneae:

Lycosidae: Lycosinae) // Revue suisse de Zoologie. T.127.

Fasc.2. P.275–313. doi:10.35929/RSZ.0021

Mikhailov K.G. 1983. [Catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Ara-

nei) of Moscow Region] // Ghilyarov M.S. (ed.). Fauna i

ekologiya bespozvonochnykh Moskovskoi oblasti. Moscow:

Nauka. P.67–85 [in Russian].

Mikhailov K.G. 2013. The spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Russia

and adjacent countries: a non-annotated checklist. Arthropoda

Selecta. Supplement No.3. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press.

262 pp.

Marusik Yu.M., Kovblyuk M.M. 2011. [Spiders (Arachnida, Ara-

nei) of Siberia and the Russian Far East]. Moscow: KMK

Scientific Press. 344 pp. [In Russian]

Milko D.A., Belousov I.A., Gromov A.V., Kabak I.I., Kataev B.M.,

Koval A.G., Medvedev S.G. 2010. [In memory of S.V. Ovtchin-

nikov (1958–2007)] // Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie. Vol.89.

No.3. P.682–690 [in Russian].

Nadolny A.A., Zamani A. 2017. A new species of burrowing wolf

spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosa) from Iran // Zootaxa.

Vol.4286. No.4. P.597–400. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4286.4.13

Nadolny A.A., Zamani A. 2020. A new species of wolf spiders of

the genus Lycosa (Aranei: Lycosidae) from Iran // Zoosystem-

atica Rossica. Vol.29. No.2. P.205–212. doi:10.31610/zsr/

2020.29.2.205

Nentwig W., Blick T., Bosmans R., Gloor D., Hänggi A., Kropf C.

2023. Spiders of Europe. Version 07.2023. Online at https://

www.araneae.nmbe.ch, accessed on 5 September 2023. https:/

/doi.org/10.24436/1

Otto S. 2023. Caucasian Spiders. A faunistic database on the

spiders of the Caucasus. Version 02.2022. Accessed 24 August

2023. Online at: https://caucasus-spiders.info/

Pirumshoev M.Kh. 2021. [N.A. Severtsov – explorer of the Pamir]

// Vestnik Tadzhikskogo Pedagogicheskogo Universiteta. Vol.3.

No.92. P.252–257 [in Russian].

Ponomarev A.V. 2008. [Additions to the fauna of spiders (Aranei)

of the southern part of Russia and western Kazakhstan: new

taxa and finds] // Caucasian Entomological Bulletin. Vol.4.

No.1. P.49–61 [in Russian, with English summary].

Shorthouse D.P. 2010. SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce

publication-quality point maps. Available from: http://

www.simplemappr.net (accessed on 6 September 2023).

Schmidt P. 1895. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Laufspinnen (Araneae

Citigradae Thor.) Russlands // Zoologische Jahrbücher,

Abtheilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere.

Bd.8. Hft.4. S.439–484.

Shafaie S., Nadolny A.A., Mirshamsi O. 2022a. A new species of

Lycosa and three new species and a new record of Karakumosa

from Iran (Araneae, Lycosidae) // Zootaxa. Vol.5120. No.4.

P.501–522. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.3

Shafaie S., Koponen S., Nadolny A.A., Kunt K.B., Mirshamsi O.

2022b. New data on the wolf spiders of Iran (Arachnida: Ara-

nei: Lycosidae), with a description of two new species // Ar-

thropoda Selecta. Vol.31. No.2. P.235–245. doi:10.15298/arth-

sel.31.2.12

Simon E. 1876. Etudes arachnologiques. 4e mémoire. VII. Révi-

sion des espèces européennes du groupe de la Lycosa tarentula

Rossi // Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Vol.5.

No.6. P.57–91.

Simon E. 1885. Etudes sur les Arachnides recueillis en Tunisie en

1883 et 1884 par MM. A. Letourneux, M. Sédillot et Valéry

Mayet, membres de la mission de l’Exploration scientifique de

la Tunisie // Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie, publiée

sous les auspices du Ministère de l’instruction publique. Zool-

ogie – Arachnides. Paris. 55 pp.

Spassky S. 1941. Araneae palaearcticae novae VI // Folia Zoologi-

ca et Hydrobiologica. Rigâ. Vol.11. P.12–26.

Spassky S. 1952. [Spiders of the Turan zoogeographic province] //

Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie. Vol.32. P.192–205 [in Rus-

sian].

Spassky S.A., Luppova E. 1945. [Materials to the spider fauna of

Tajikistan] // Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie. Vol.28. No.1–2.

P.43–55 [in Russian].

Sytshevskaja V.I. 1980. [A new species of the genus Lycosa Latr.

(Aranei, Lycosidae) from Tajikistan] // Entomologicheskoe

Obozrenie. Vol.59. No.1. P.229–232 [in Russian, with English

summary].

Thorell T. 1875. Verzeichniss südrussischer Spinnen // Horae Soci-

etatis Entomologicae Rossicae. Vol.11. P.39–122.

Wallace H.K. 1942. A revision of the burrowing spiders of the

genus Geolycosa // American Midland Naturalist. Vol.27. No.1.

P.1–62.

WSC 2023. World Spider Catalog. Version 24.5. Natural History

Museum Bern. Online at: http://wsc.nmbe.ch, doi: 10.24436/

2, accessed 21 September 2023.

Zamani A., Nadolny A.A., Dolejš P. 2022. New data on the spider

fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), part X // Arachnology.

Vol.19. Pt.2. P.551–573. doi:10.13156/arac.2022.19.2.551

Zamani A., Mirshamsi O., Marusik Yu.M., Moradmand M. 2023.

The Checklist of the spiders of Iran. Version 2022. Accessed

24 August 2023. Online at: http://www.spiders.ir

Zhang F., Peng J.Y., Zhang B.S. 2022. Spiders of Mt. Xiaowutai.

Beijing: Science Press. 387 pp. [In Chinese]

Zolotnitskaya R.L. 1978. [On the roads of unknown Turkestan. To

the 150th birthday anniversary of N.A. Severtsov]. Moscow:

Mysl. 94 pp. [In Russian]

Zonstein S.L. 2018. A revision of the spider genus Anemesia (Ara-

neae, Cyrtaucheniidae) // European Journal of Taxonomy.

Vol.485. P.1–100. doi:10.5852/ejt.2018.485

Zyuzin A.A. 1990. Studies on burrowing spiders of the family

Lycosidae (Araneae). I. Preliminary data on structural and

functional features // Acta Zoologica Fennica. Vol.190. P.419–

422.

Zyuzin A.A. 1993. Studies on the wolf spiders (Araneae: Ly-

cosidae). I. A new genus and species from Kazakhstan, with

comments on the Lycosinae // Memoirs of the Queensland

Museum. Vol.33. No.2. P.693–700.

Zyuzin A.A., Logunov D.V. 2000. New and little-known species of

the Lycosidae from Azerbaihan, the Caucasus (Araneae, Ly-

cosidae) // Bulletin of the British arachnological Society. Vol.11.

Pt.8. P.305–319.

Responsible editor K.G. Mikhailov

On two Karakumosa species (Aranei: Lycosidae), with new faunistic records for three fossorial wolf-spiders from Middle Asia and the Caucasus

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2024

Dmitri Logunov

New and interesting spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) from Vashlovani National Park and Chachuna Managed Reserve (Georgia)

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2024

Spiders collected individually between 19–23 May 2024 during a trip to Vashlovani National Park and Chachuna Managed Reserve were determined, resulting in 24 species, of which two species are described as new: Synema inexpectata sp . nov . (Thomisidae) and Prodidomus trihelicoides sp . nov . (Prodidomidae). Ten species - Acanthinozodium parysatis Zamani & Marusik, 2021 (Zodariidae), Berlandina nabozhenkoi Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006, Cryptodrassus helvolus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), Synaphosus palearcticus Ovtsharenko, Levy & Platnick, 1994, Synaphosus turanicus Ovtsharenko, Levy & Platnick, 1994, Talanites involutus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885), Turkozelotes attavirus Chatzaki, 2019 (all Gnaphosidae), Evarcha armeniaca Logunov, 1999 (Salticidae), Lycosa soboutii Shafaie, Nadolny & Mirshamsi, 2022 (Lycosidae), Rhysodromus rikhteri (Logunov & Huseynov, 2008) (Philodromidae), and Sardinidion blackwalli (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) (Theridiidae) are recorded in Georgia for the first time, of which six species and three genera are new to the Caucasus region. The male of L. soboutii is described for the first time. Diagnostic drawings of preserved specimens and first photos of several preserved and alive species are provided along with the detailed collecting data.

Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2024

Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Article

Oct 2024

New data on the spider fauna (Arachnida: Aranei) of the East Kyzylkum Desert, Kazakhstan

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2024

A list of 54 spider species collected in the East Kyzylkum Desert (Kazakhstan) is provided. Of these species, 27 are recorded from Kyzylkum for the first time, and 10 are first found in Kazakhstan. Distribution of the species that are new to Kazakhstan is discussed. Two species are described as new: viz., Anagraphis karamola sp.n. (♂♀) and Drassodes babenkoi sp.n. (♂♀). A new combination is proposed: Anagraphis tajikistanica (Fomichev et Marusik, 2021) comb.n. (ex Drassodex).

New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part XI.

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2024

New faunistic and taxonomic data are provided for 18 families of Iranian spiders. Four species, Cryptodrassus liyanicus Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♀, Bushehr Province; Gnaphosidae), Mesiotelus khorasanicus Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♂♀, Razavi Khorasan Province; Liocranidae), Nurscia minuscula Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♀, West Azerbaijan Province; Titanoecidae) and Talanites farsensis Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♀, Fars Province; Gnaphosidae), are described as new to science. Clubiona liachviana Mcheidze, 1997 stat. reval. (Clubionidae) is removed from the synonymy with C. alpicola Kulczyński, 1882 and is reported from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkmenistan for the first time; additionally, its previously unknown male is described. The genus Kishidaia Yaginuma, 1960 (Gnaphosidae) and a total of 10 species are recorded in Iran for the first time, and new provincial records are provided for 20 species. Two specimens from Iraq are also reported. Considering the results of this paper, the number of species of spiders known from Iran is increased to 980 species in 329 genera.

Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2022

Lycosa (Araneae, Lycosidae) is a wolf spider genus typical of subtropical latitudes in the western Palearctic. Despite being erected over 200 years ago, the taxonomy of Lycosa is still unclear. Many species formerly ascribed to it are currently being moved to other genera, while new species are still being described. The species of Lycosa of the western Mediterranean basin are relatively well known, yet the Levantine region, the easternmost part of the Mediterranean basin, has not received much attention since the early 20th century. Here, we study Lycosa from the southern Levant using morphological, molecular and behavioral characteristics, to delimit the species found in this region. We describe two new species: L. hyraculus sp. nov. and L. gesserit sp. nov. We re-describe the widespread and polymorphic species, Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876. Lycosa piochardi infraclara Strand, 1913 is synonymized with Lycosa piochardi. By adding novel data to the molecular phylogeny of Lycosa created by Planas et al. (2013) and re-analyzing it, we explore the relationship of the Levantine species to other Mediterranean species of Lycosa. We discuss habitat preferences of the two species of Lycosa. Additionally, we report the burrowing species Geolycosa vultuosa (C.L. Koch, 1838) as a new record to Israel, thus extending the distribution of this species and genus into the Levant.

New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Part X

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2022

New faunistic and taxonomic data are provided for 27 families of Iranian spiders. Two lycosid species, Lycosa elymaisa sp. nov. (♂; Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, southwestern Iran) and Pardosa zagrosica sp. nov. (♂♀; Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari and Hamedan, southwestern to northwestern Iran) are described as new to science, three genera (Amaurobius C. L. Koch, 1837, Cercidia Thorell, 1869, Marilynia Lehtinen, 1967) and 19 species are recorded in Iran for the first time, and 75 new provincial records are provided for 50 species. Additionally, Sahastata sinuspersica Marusik, Zamani & Mirshamsi, 2014 is recorded for the first time from Pakistan, and the Georgian record of Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer, 1841) is rejected and attributed to Neoscona spasskyi (Brignoli, 1983). Finally, an updated list of taxa omitted from the checklist of Iranian spiders (including 38 new cases) is presented, reducing the known number of spiders in Iran to 909 species.

New data on the wolf spiders of Iran (Arachnida: Aranei: Lycosidae), with a description of two new species

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2022

New taxonomic and faunistic data on 25 species in 13 genera of Lycosidae from Iran are provided. Two new species Alopecosa pekari sp.n. (♂) and Trochosa marusiki sp.n. (♂) are diagnosed and described from West Azerbaijan Province. The genus Draposa Kronestedt, 2010 and the species Draposa oakleyi (Gravely, 1924), Evippa eltonica Dunin, 1994, Karakumosa turanica Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020 and K. zyuzini Logunov et Ponomarev, 2020 are recorded from Iran for the first time. Thirteen new provincial records are also provided. The known lycosid fauna of Iran contains now 81 species.

A new species of Karakumosa Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020 (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosinae) from Tajikistan

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2021

A new species of the burrowing wolf spider, Karakumosa reshetnikovi n. sp. (♀), from Tajikistan is diagnosed, illustrated and described. A brief discussion of the state of knowledge of the genus Karakumosa Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020 is provided.

New observations on Oculicosa supermirabilis Zyuzin 1993 (Araneae: Lycosidae) in south-western Kazakhstan

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2020

Alexander Anatol'evich Fomichev

New observations of Oculicosa supermirabilis Zyuzin 1993 from new localities are presented. Notes on the habitat, map of all collecting localities and live photographs of a specimen and its peculiar burrow are given.

Karakumosa gen. nov., a new Central Asian genus of fossorial wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosinae)

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2020
REV SUISSE ZOOL

A new genus, Karakumosa gen. nov., is established to accommodate nine central Asian species of burrowing wolf spiders, of which seven are diagnosed and described as new: K.badkhyzica sp. nov.(♂♀, southern Turkmenistan), K.gromovi sp. nov. (♂♀, southern Uzbekistan), K.repetek sp. nov. (♂♀, eastern Turkmenistan), K.shmatkoi sp. nov. (♂♀, northern Ciscaspian region and Azerbaijan), K.tashkumyr sp. nov. (♂, Kyrgyzstan), K.turanica sp. nov. (♂♀, Turkmenistan), K.zyuzini sp. nov. (♂♀, Uzbekistan). Two generic transfers are proposed: Karakumosa alticeps(Kroneberg, 1875), comb. nov. and K.medica (Pocock, 1889), comb. nov. (both ex Hogna Simon, 1885). Lectotypes are designated for Tarentulaalticeps Kroneberg, 1875 (♂) and T.medica Pocock, 1889 (♂). The localities of all Karakumosaspecies are mapped, and an identifi cation key is provided as well. A short overview of the fauna and diversity of the fossorial Lycosidae of Central Asia is given.

On three species of Hogna Simon, 1885 (Aranei: Lycosidae) from the Near East and Central Asia

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2020

Dmitri Logunov

The paper presents a diagnosis and description of a new wolf spider Hogna ackermanni sp.n. (♂♀) from Afghanistan, and redescriptions of two Near East Hogna species that to date have been known from the original descriptions only: viz., H. sinaia Roewer, 1959 (♀) from Egypt (Sinai) and H. effera (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) from Israel. Distribution of all three species is mapped. The lectotype (♂) is designated for H. effera. Two new combinations are proposed: Arctosa afghana (Roewer, 1960) comb.n. (ex Hogna), and Hogna effera (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), comb.n. (ex Hyaenosa). Two new synonyms are proposed: Tarentula iaffa Strand, 1913 syn.n. (♀) from Israel and Geolycosa altera Roewer, 1955, syn.n. (♀) from Iran; both with H. effera. Additionally, comments on the taxonomy and distribution of the Mediterranean Hogna ferox (Lucas, 1838) are given; this species is illustrated based on the female from Gran Canaria.

A new species of wolf spiders of the genus Lycosa (Aranei: Lycosidae) from Iran

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2020

A large burrowing wolf spider, Lycosa macrophthalma sp. nov., is described from the holotype female from central Iran. The new species can be easily distinguished from all congeners by the presence of anterior epigynal hoods and a protrusion between their edges and the septum. Lycosa macrophthalma sp. nov., L. aragogi Nadolny et Zamani, 2017, L. piochardi Simon, 1876, L. praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836, and L. tarantula (Linnaeus, 1758) have a similar conformation of the endogyne and represent diagnostic characters of the genus Lycosa Latreille, 1804 sensu stricto.

A new species of the genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Aranei: Lycosidae) from south-east Kazakhstan

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2013

Dmitri Logunov

A new species of Lycosa and three new species and a new record of Karakumosa from Iran (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Article

Mar 2022
ZOOTAXA

Four new species of lycosids from Iran are described: Lycosa soboutii sp. n. (♀, Zanjan Province), Karakumosa golestanica sp. n. (♂, Golestan Province), K. sarvari sp. n. (♂, Razavi Khorasan Province), and K. yahaghii sp. n. (♂, South Khorasan Province). Karakumosa shmatkoi Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020 (♂, Razavi Khorasan Province) is reported from Iran for the first time, and its male is redescribed

Further notes on the fossorial wolf spiders of Central Asia and the Near East (Aranei, Lycosidae)

Abstract

Recommended publications

On two species of Bowie Jäger, 2022 (Aranei: Ctenidae) from Vietnam

On two Karakumosa species (Aranei: Lycosidae), with new faunistic records for three fossorial wolf-s...

Karakumosa gen. nov., a new Central Asian genus of fossorial wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycos...

A new species of Karakumosa Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020 (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosinae) from Tajikista...