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Anchoring Global Security: Autonomous Shipping
with Mind Reading AI, GPT-core and MAMBA-
core Agents, RAG-Fusion, AI Communities, Hive-
AI, and the Human Psyche
Jesse Daniel Brown Ph.D. 1,*1,+,@1; Adrian Raudaschl MBChB2,*2; Prashant Kumar MCS 3,*3,@2;
Donald Johnson BS 4,*4; Tsukanov Vladislav Aleksandrovich MCS5,*5,+
1 D & J BROWN IDIOMAS, Research and Operations, Indaiatuba, 13336-743, Brazil; 2Elsevier, Senior Product Manager II, London, W11, England; 3Software Engineer | API
Development in Microservices Architecture and Agile Environment, San Francisco Bay Area, 94109, USA; 4University of Charleston, Midland, 48640, United States, 5 National
Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Java Senior Developer, DevOps Engineer, Moscow, 107150, Russia.
*1jesse.brown@hotmail.com , *2 raudaschl@gmail.com, *3prashantnov87@gmail.com, *4donald.j ohnson5702@gmail.com, *5tsukanov.vladislav@gmail.com
+ Jesse Daniel Brown and Tsukanov Vladislav Aleksandrovich spoke through this for a period of 5 years.
@1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3889-534X; @2https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6452-84 43
November 2023
Performed under the supervision and guidance of Jesse Daniel Brown
Abstract:
This comprehensive analysis fleshes into the multifaceted landscape of autonomous shipping, artificial
intelligence (AI) integration, and maritime cybersecurity. The document explores historical reflections on
maritime evolution, navigates the implications of autonomy in maritime operations, considers the
convergence of terrains in transportation, and emphasizes the importance of global security and international
collaboration. The integration of advanced AI tools, such as GPT-core agents, RAG-Fusion, ChatDev,
AutoGPT, Autogen, MAMBA-core agents, Mind Reading AI, collective AI communities, and Hive-AI, is
thoroughly examined for its transformative potential in the maritime industry.
The document identifies key challenges and opportunities, ranging from psychological and societal impacts to
economic considerations and geopolitical complexities. It highlights the need for stakeholder engagement,
case studies, regulatory frameworks, environmental assessments, economic analyses, and a more profound
exploration of ethical considerations. While providing valuable insights, the research acknowledges certain
limitations, including a potential over-reliance on AI, geopolitical considerations, economic implications, and
practical implementation challenges.
The analysis concludes by emphasizing the importance of a collaborative approach among policymakers,
maritime professionals, and technology developers to navigate the challenges and harness the opportunities in
autonomous shipping. Through a judicious mix of technology, collaboration, and foresight, the maritime
industry is poised to set sail towards a horizon filled with innovation, security, and sustainable growth.
Keywords:
Autonomous Shipping, Artificial Intelligence, Maritime Cybersecurity, GPT-core Agents, RAG-
Fusion, ChatDev, Global Collaboration, Mind Reading AI, MAMBA-Core Agents, AI
Communities, HR-HAL, Hive-AI, Environmental Impact, Ethical Considerations.
Opening thought:
The maritime sector is on the brink of transformative change with the integration of
artificial intelligence (AI) in autonomous shipping [Wasilewski et al., 2021]. As the world becomes
increasingly connected and reliant on technology, AI-driven autonomous ships are already
promising to revolutionize maritime transportation, offering enhanced efficiency, safety, and
sustainability [Simmons, et al., 2020]. However, with these advancements come challenges
[Poongavanam, et al., 2023; Sanchez-Gonzalez, et al., 2019]. While AI promises to enhance
autonomous shipping, it also introduces complexities in terms of safety, decision-making, security,
engineering protection, and regulatory compliance [Vos et al., 2021; Pallis, Chapsos, 2023; Yoo, Jo,
2023]. The rapid advancements in AI have necessitated innovative regulatory methods, such as
regulatory sandboxes [Kanana, 2023], to ensure that these technologies are introduced safely and
efficiently. This dissertation explores the potential of AI in the maritime industry, looking into its
opportunities, challenges, and the pressing need for robust regulatory frameworks. This study
additionally identifies a new form of “co-tonomous” driven ships where humans become part of the
AI.
Introduction:
The maritime domain, with its vast expanse and intricate operations, has always been at the crossroads of
globalization, commerce, and security [Farah et al., 2022]. Historically, this domain has been the lifeline for
nations, enabling trade, cultural exchanges, and geopolitical maneuverings. However, with the increasing
complexities of the modern world, coupled with the rapid advancements in technology [Reni et al., 2020],
maritime operations now face multifaceted challenges. From the psychological implications of shared
responsibilities on international waters to the economic repercussions of disrupted operations and the societal
impact of global trade dynamics, the maritime landscape is in a state of flux. Into the 21st century, the
integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, particularly GPT-core agents [Kilpatrick, C., 2023; Kilpatrick,
L., 2023], presents a transformative potential to address these challenges. This research paper seeks to explore
the historical context of maritime operations, the contemporary challenges it faces, and the revolutionary role
of AI in reshaping this domain. Furthermore, it goes into the nuances of international collaboration,
emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and shared trust in area of research. Moving from the
historical context of maritime operations, it becomes evident that the implications of this shift are not just
technological but also economic and societal [Vold et al., 2021]. The next section looks at these broader
repercussions, exploring the multifaceted impacts of autonomous shipping on the global economy and society.
Methodologies:
1. Survey and Interviews
This research embarked on a comprehensive exploration of public perceptions and attitudes toward Artificial
Intelligence (AI). Through a designed survey and a series of interviews, this paper highlights engagements
with thousands of individuals from around the globe to gather valuable qualitative and quantitative data. The
interviews served as a means to understand the depth of public knowledge regarding AI and provided insights
into prevalent fears and concerns. The structured survey facilitated a systematic approach to data collection,
allowing for a nuanced analysis of the diverse perspectives encountered.
2. Literature Review
In constructing the conceptual framework for our study, the paper’s authors conducted an exhaustive review
of existing literature across multiple domains. Expert works in psychology, shipping, artificial intelligence,
brain-computer interfaces, reinforcement learning, RAG methodologies, educational psychology, philosophy,
history, and governance were critically examined. Synthesizing insights from these diverse sources not only
informed the theoretical foundation of the research but also ensured a well-rounded understanding of the
intricate interplay between the human psyche, AI, and the shipping industry.
3. Expert Collaboration
The richness of the research was augmented through collaboration with experts in relevant fields. Engaging in
constructive discussions and knowledge-sharing sessions with these specialists provided a real-world
perspective that complemented theoretical insights. By incorporating feedback and expertise from these
professionals, this study benefited from a foundation that incorporated both theoretical and practical
dimensions.
4. Interdisciplinary Analysis
Recognizing the inherently interdisciplinary nature of this research topic, a historic approach to examination
was used. By examining works from the past and comparing them to more contemporary results in
psychology, artificial intelligence, and shipping, the research sought to identify connections and patterns that
might elude a more narrowly focused analysis. This interdisciplinary approach allowed the research to draw
upon a broad spectrum of knowledge, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the complex
dynamics at play.
5. RAG-Fusion Implementation
A key methodological approach employed in this research was the study and implementational relevance of
RAG-Fusion methodology. This innovative technique enabled the synthesis of information from diverse
sources, facilitating a ranked analysis and decision-making process. Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques
were also incorporated in the writing to enhance the effectiveness of the research methodology, ensuring an
adaptive approach to the evolving field of AI and autonomous shipping.
6. AI Communities and Hive-AI Participation
Active participation with experts about AI communities and ideations of the Hive-AI / HR-HAL network
served as a dynamic element of our research methodology. By tapping into research about these networks,
and ideations about the possible effect of these networks, this paper presented an environment of collaborative
idea exchange, gathered real-time feedback, and remained attuned to the latest advancements in the field. The
insights gained from the broader AI community reinforced the study and contributed to an exploration of the
subject matter.
7. Psychological Analysis
To comprehend the human psyche in relation to AI, this research reached into psychological theories and
principles. By incorporating educational psychology concepts, this paper sought to unravel how individuals
perceive and learn about AI, and then how those people react to their new understanding. This psychological
analysis provided a multi-dimension to this study, shedding light on the intricate interplay between human
cognition and the evolving landscape of autonomous technologies.
8. Chart and Quote Utilization
In presenting the findings, visual aids were employed, aids such as charts to enhance clarity and facilitate a
more accessible understanding of complex data. Additionally, the integration of quotes from interviews and
expert opinions served to anchor this paper’s narrative in real-world experiences, adding depth and
authenticity to our research.
9. Ethics Statement and methodology:
Institutional Review Board Approval
This study’s materials and methods received ethical approval from the D & J BROWN IDIOMAS LTDA, in
Brazil, under case 0001. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and guidelines
established by the board director and approved for further publications [Ethics Statement and Review, 2023].
Informed Consent Process
Verbal consent and documented confirmation by acceptance under the terms and conditions of the interview
was obtained from all participants before the commencement of the interviews. The consent process included
explicit information about the purpose of the study, the recording of participant answers, and the intended use
of anonymized data for publication in scientific papers. Participants were made aware that their personal
identifiers would be excluded from the publication, and explicit permission was obtained for the use of their
data in any articles, publications, and papers following the release of information [Ethics Statement and
Review, 2023].
Interview Platforms
Remote communication platforms, including Google Meet, Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Skype, were utilized
for conducting the interviews. Participants were selected through the above stated interfaces, where a pre-
condition of acceptance to terms and conditions was applied before the participants were allowed to do the
interviews, and the study involved individuals from various professional backgrounds and geographic
locations [Ethics Statement and Review, 2023].
Ethical Considerations
The study adhered to ethical standards and guidelines. Anonymization procedures were implemented to
protect the privacy of participants, and data handling protocols were in place to maintain confidentiality. The
consent process was designed to ensure that participants were fully informed and willingly participated in the
study [Ethics Statement and Review, 2023].
Data Collection and Analysis
Data collection involved recording participants' responses to questions about AI, agents in AI, and AI
communities. Quantitative data were obtained regarding participants' knowledge levels and fears of AI before
and after an explanatory session. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the key findings, and the
study's conclusion was drawn based on the analyzed data [Ethics Statement and Review, 2023].
Visualization of Data
To visually represent the data collected over the course of the study, Google Sheets was utilized to create
informative diagrams and charts. Pie charts, percentages, and numerical figures were generated to illustrate
key findings and trends observed in participants' knowledge and perceptions of AI, AI agents, and AI
communities [Brown, Farias, 2023, Ethics Statement and Review, 2023].
In adopting these methodologies, this research aimed to create a framework capturing the multifaceted nature
of AI in autonomous shipping and providing a foundation for future explorations in this dynamic and
evolving field.
I- Brief overview of the maritime industry's shift
towards autonomous shipping.
The maritime industry, foundational to global commerce and economy, is witnessing a transformative shift
towards autonomous shipping. This movement, underpinned by rapid technological advancements, seeks to
optimize operations [Bellone et al., 2019], reduce human error, and redefine global maritime landscapes. The
maritime industry is crucial to the global economy and commerce. There's a significant transition happening
towards autonomous shipping. The reasons driving this change include technological advancements, the
desire for optimized operations, a reduction in human error, and a vision to reshape the maritime world.
Autonomous shipping isn't just an isolated phenomenon [Szczygło, 2023]. Across industries, the quest for
autonomy, driven by AI and machine learning, is evident. Models like GPT-core agents [Chen, et al. 2023;
Kilpatrick, C., 2023; Kilpatrick, L.,2023; Lin, et al. 2023; Yang, et al., 2023] are redefining the very essence
of several domains and setting the stage for an IoT prediction based on past predictions [Yang, T. 2020].
However, the field has greatly improved, and new breeds of technology are available in abundance.
Similarly, in the maritime industry, the move towards autonomy represents an operational shift leading to a
paradigm change. The same technological advancements that allow AI models to simulate human-like text
generation are enabling ships to navigate the vast oceans without human intervention. The interconnectedness
of these advancements and the broader implications of AI's role in such industries need further exploration.
However, many studies have already shown an increase in safety from these means [Veitch, 2022; Biolcheva,
2023] As the maritime industry moves towards an autonomous future [Calfee, 2021], it is going to be about
more than just the ships and their operations. It is going to be about understanding the broader narrative of a
world increasingly leaning on AI for its functions as evidenced around the world in the IT sector and internet-
based APIs [Cao, et al., 2022]. How will this shape not only the maritime landscape but also the very fabric of
society and human interactions with technology? This deepened exploratory research paper sets the stage for
the reader, emphasizing the broader implications of the maritime industry's transition and how it is part of a
larger narrative of AI's growing influence in various sectors.
II. A Brief History of Human AI competition:
Going back in time to reference global attention to AI and Human competition is an easy task. This paper
starts with the Pivotal Game of Kasparov vs. IBM’s Deep Blue [IBM., 2017], 1996. Kasparov went into the
chess match and thought he would win. He did. Just one year later, he played a rematch and lost. From that
moment on, more people began paying more attention to AI.
[Edwards and Kasparov, 2017, para. 34]
Edwards: What did it feel like to lose to Deep Blue?
Kasparov: Losing is always bad. So it's, for me, I mean bad feelings. For me, it was just a first loss in the
match, period. Not machine — just in chess.
And in my book "Deep Thinking," I confess a few times I was a sore loser and very upset, and I had all the
criticism about the way IBM organised the match. I am still sticking to some of my criticism, but I gave, in
my book, a lot of credit to IBM's scientific team. It's water under the bridge already. [Edwards and Kasparov,
2017, para. 34]
Garry Kasparov's reflections on losing to Deep Blue in the interview unveil the profound psychological
dynamics in human-AI competition [NPR, 2014]. Kasparov articulates the emotional toll of defeat,
emphasizing the significance of the loss not just as a machine overcoming a human in chess but as a pivotal
moment in his own chess career. He speaks about the human propensity for mistakes, acknowledging the
consistent precision of AI, which poses a considerable challenge. The discussion touches on psychological
pressures, fatigue, and the inherent inconsistency in human play, highlighting the closed-system advantage
machines possess. Kasparov pragmatically accepts the inevitability of collaboration between humans and
machines, emphasizing the importance of defining rules and goals for AI. Overall, his insights provide a
nuanced perspective on the evolving relationship between human emotions, cognitive abilities, and the
advancing domain of artificial intelligence in competitive settings [Edwards, 2017]
After losing to AlphaGo in March of 2016 [Shin, et al., 2020; Moyer, 2016] world GO champion Lee Sedol
was initially despondent, and issued an apology to fans for being that way. "I want to apologize for being so
powerless." [Sedol, as quoted by Somers, 2018] Eventually, however, he showed appreciation for his
adversary: "Maybe it can show humans something we’ve never discovered. Maybe it’s beautiful." [Sedol, as
quoted by Somers, 2018]
This shows the psychological feelings over time of experts in their field after losing. First, feeling
despondency, then, feeling of the potential for something better. Similar to what Feeney, says about
dependency paradoxes [Feeney, 2007].
III. How the Shipping Agency and Autonomy Affected
the Psychology of People in the Past:
a. Adaptation to Change: Every major technological shift in the maritime sector brought about significant
psychological adaptations [Tam et al., 2021]. The transition from sailboats to steamships represented more
than just an operational change; it symbolized a transformation in the very essence of seafaring.
The emergence of steamships elicited a sense of nostalgia for the days of sailboats, as sailors and maritime
communities reminisced about the unpredictability of the seas and the deep connection they felt with nature.
This emotional response extended beyond a mere yearning for old technologies; it encapsulated a collective
longing for a time when humans and nature worked in tandem, shaping each journey's outcome [Potter, 2005;
Froholdt, 2019].
Additionally, concerns about the reliability of steamships permeated discussions during their early days.
Communities engaged in debates and shared stories of machine breakdowns, fostering skepticism about
abandoning proven sailboats for these novel inventions [Potter, J, 2005; Froholdt, L, 2019].
b. Economic Anxiety: The rise of steamships brought forth economic uncertainties [Pascali, 2017].
Job redundancies became a prevalent concern as steamships required fewer crew members than sailboats.
Sailors skilled in managing sails faced the stark reality of their expertise becoming obsolete, leading to not
just economic anxiety but also a profound sense of loss tied to generations of seafaring traditions. In many
communities, like that of Nyasaland were cited as having experienced great change in its trading with
neighboring areas due to the steamships [Branson, 2020].
Simultaneously, the transition ushered in new roles such as engine maintenance and fuel management,
demanding adaptability, learning, and reinvention from sailors and maritime workers. This shift exacerbated
the psychological stress of the times [Pascali, 2017].
c. Cultural Shifts: The advent of steamships with their increased speeds and enhanced capabilities reshaped
cultural exchanges.
The reduction in travel time meant that nations and cultures became more interconnected than ever before
[Mak et al., 1972]. This brought about excitement as new trade routes opened and cultural exchanges became
more frequent. However, it also triggered fears about the dilution of cultures and the potential loss of
traditional values [Berry, 2019].
Furthermore, the perception of distances shrinking with faster travel times contributed to a psychological
shift, redefining global perceptions, and altering what was considered "foreign" [Schoder, 2017]. In essence,
the transition to steamships was a technological evolution and was intricately interwoven with the
psychological fabric of the times, marked by excitement, apprehension, adaptation, and evolution as the
maritime world navigated the waters of change.
IV. How Autonomy in Shipping Affects the Psychology
of People in the Future:
a. Trust in Technology: With the rise of autonomous ships, trust in technology has become paramount.
The increasing dependency on technology for autonomous operations may lead to a paradoxical relationship,
where there is heightened reliance accompanied by an underlying sense of distrust or unease [Freeny, 2007].
The absence of human crews on board may evoke sentiments that machines lack the 'intuition' or 'gut feeling'
inherent in human decision-making, raising concerns about algorithms making decisions without the nuanced
understanding possessed by humans [Tam et al., 2021].
b. Economic and Job Implications: Autonomy in shipping will significantly impact the job market and
global economies.
While concerns about job losses are inevitable, new roles centered around technology, monitoring, and remote
operations will emerge. The challenge lies in equipping the current workforce with the necessary skills to
transition into these roles. Moreover, ports and countries adapting swiftly to autonomous shipping may
emerge as new maritime hubs, potentially reshaping global economic power dynamics.
c. Societal and Cultural Impacts: Increased autonomy in shipping will have broader societal implications.
The romanticized notion of sailors battling the seas may fade, replaced by images of remote operation centers
and AI-driven decisions. This shift could lead to a sense of loss of maritime traditions and heritage. Safety
concerns related to incidents involving autonomous ships may be highly publicized, triggering debates about
the safety of relinquishing control to machines and shaping public perception oscillating between viewing
autonomous shipping as the future and as a potential threat [Vos et al., 2021; Aylak, 2022].
d. Mind Reading AI aspects: Increased voluntary understanding of the human element
In a recent study by Komianos, et al. [2024], a team of Japanese scientists drastically improved the ability for
a decoder system to read minds of human participants with an accuracy of 75%. [Komianos, 2024]. In
combination with the other technologies like DeWave: Discrete Encoding of EEG Waves for EEG to Text
Translation[Duan et al., 2023] , their supplementary materials available on open source website as seen in
figure 1 [Duan et al., 2023, Supplementary Material, Figure 6], and DeWave: Discrete EEG Waves Encoding
for Brain Dynamics to Text Translation [Duan, et al., 2023] present, it becomes clear to the reader that society
is entering a new phase of unprecedented interconnectedness within autonomous communities of both human
workers and AI-Agents. The possibility to use the Mind reading AI to help understand humans, through bi-
directional AI-human reinforcement training in a process named Hive-Reinforced Human-AI-Learning (HR-
HAL), as coined by Brown (2023) [Brown, J. D. 2023]. This paper presents the idea of combining VR
glasses, earbuds, EEG head caps, a human to computer interface, Alpha code 2 [Google 2023] (or better, as
AI-agent cores like Alpha code 2 can be switched out for future, more advanced models to best serve the
needed purposes), and visual stimulation provided by real-time programmed switching uses ML and AI
agents in conjunction with Alpha code 2. In this setup, while the AI uses pictures to stimulate the human, the
AI analyzes the thoughts of the human, and as the thoughts of the human are decoded, through a process of
AI-reinforced and human-reinforced learning, both the human and the AI continue to learn about each other
through the VR setup; new ideas are formed, new code is written in real-time, and those interactions build on
the AI community’s understanding of the human thoughts. As the learning is fine-tuned, experiences to create
new training weights to be used in further Machine Learning driven Agent activities are gained.
This type of learning proposes new levels of understanding of the human mind and gives the AI even more
ability to train the human through observations of the humans’ reactions to the brain stimulation. It becomes a
Human – AI feedback iterative loop. HR-HAL has the chance to completely revolutionize the entire
autonomous shipping industry, the world, and humans in general. There will be huge psychological
repercussions from this as well.
Figure 1- Overall illustration of translating EEG waves into text through quantized encoding, courtesy of
Duan, et al. November 2023 [Duan et al., 2023, Supplementary Material, Figure 6].
e. Ethical and Moral Dimensions: Autonomous ships with these technologies will introduce new ethical
dilemmas.
Scenarios requiring autonomous ships to make decisions in emergencies raise questions about the ethical
programming of these vessels, and the humans operating on them. Issues related to decision-making
preferences and biases, in the programming of AI, and the HR-HAL interfaces, akin to the concept of filter
bubbles in social media algorithms, also arise as stated in Pariser [Pariser, 2011, 2012]. Pariser argued that
filter bubbles were preventing people from seeing what they should see, and instead that those people were
getting what the algorithms were trained to show a person on the internet. The inclusion of machine learning
(ML) could potentially mitigate filter bubbles [Lelong. 2020], leading to improved decision-making based on
empirical evidence over time. This is not a new idea, as Abrams has stated, the AI algorithms that pioneer
filtering information will eventually also affect psychology as AI affects all aspects of psychology. [Abrams,
2023]. This study posits that this idea maintains similar reactions in the Maritime industry. Since AI is often
employed in rough terrains when human labor can be physically and mentally affected, like in the artic
[Hasan, et al., 2022] it becomes more realistic to assume that people’s welfare can benefit from filtration of
data that would otherwise distract them from their jobs, and as multi-terrain autonomous vehicles enter the
mix (water-to-air drones), this report suggests the same will continue in those fields as well.
Furthermore, determining accountability in case of mishaps will be challenging, with a potential shift from
human to program culpability, or a Human-AI-program compromission. Recent advancements in
programming abilities, as evidenced by Google Gemini [Google, 2023], and the release of Alpha code 2
[Google, 2023], suggest that AI agents may surpass human capabilities in the near future, especially in
coding, challenging traditional notions of accountability [Silver, et al., 2018; BBC NEWS, 2019].
In conclusion, as the maritime industry embraces greater autonomy, the psychological landscape will be
marked by a blend of anticipation, adaptation, and introspection. The challenges extend beyond technology,
encompassing societal, economic, and ethical dimensions, necessitating a nuanced and collaborative approach
to navigate this transformative era.
V. Future Prospects: Multi-terrain and Environment
Transition:
In considering the future of shipping, the integration of multi-terrain and environment transitions introduces a
shift that extends beyond reshaping the maritime industry [Saafi, et al., 2022]. This section projects the
psychological, safety, societal, and ethical dimensions of this transformative trajectory.
a. Psychological Adaptation to Multi-modal Transport:
The movement of vessels across various terrains prompts a spectrum of psychological responses. Individuals
may experience awe and anxiety as they adjust to the unprecedented speed and efficiency of these transitions.
Furthermore, the blurring of traditional distinctions between sea, land, and air transport challenges
preconceived notions of boundaries, necessitating a mental reorientation in understanding transportation.
b. Safety and Trust in Multi-modal Systems:
While the prospect of a single vessel navigating multiple terrains is exciting, concerns about safety and trust
emerge. Establishing confidence in the versatility and reliability of these multi-modal systems becomes
crucial for widespread acceptance. The inherent complexity introduces worries about potential system
overloads or malfunctions, particularly during transitional phases between different modes.
c. Societal Impacts of Transit Time and Trade Transitions:
The reduction in transit times and increased flexibility offered by multi-modal transport is poised to redefine
trade routes and travel patterns and economic costs in a similar way that was seen previously in
Hoekman[Hoekman, et al., 2009]. This paper posits that this evolution leads to significant shifts in global
trade dynamics, political interactions, and preferences in travel through advantages of improved logistics and
understanding from a global Hive-AI-Human perspective. Simultaneously, the enhanced speed and versatility
of transport, along with enhanced mental communication, leads to increased cultural exchanges, making
regions previously isolated due to challenging terrains more accessible and contributing to a more vibrant
exchange of cultural interactions.
d. Ethical Concerns:
The ethical considerations surrounding multi-modal transport encompass its environmental impact and
potential consequences for ecosystems during transitions. Questions arise about how these systems may affect
marine, terrestrial, and aerial environments, prompting a critical examination of their environmental footprint.
Moreover, as vessels seamlessly transition between seas, land, and airspaces, ethical concerns related to land
rights, territorial waters, and airspaces may become contentious. Adapting international laws to accommodate
these innovations and trends becomes imperative to address these ethical dilemmas, and studies about
advancing social and political regulations due to war and peace are driving increasing collaboration when
comparing studies such as Goodenough [Goodenough, 1964], Gilpin [Gilpin, 1981], and more contemporary
ones like Fonseca [Fonseca, et al.,2020] and Kanana [Kanna, 2023].
In essence, the anticipation of multi-modal transportation systems equipped with advanced AI transforms the
maritime industry and also carries broader societal implications. From individual perceptions of safety and
trust to overarching societal and cultural shifts, the trajectory of multi-terrain and environment transition
prompts a comprehensive examination. The insights from Jacques Ellul's exploration of the effects of an
increasingly technological society underscore the need for careful consideration and ethical deliberation in
navigating this transformative landscape in shipping.
VI. Historical Context and Psychological Effects:
Historical implications: 1."Historically, the evolution of shipping and navigation methods has always
influenced the collective psyche. The transition from sailboats to steamships, for example, brought about a
mix of excitement, fear, and skepticism. This phenomenon mirrors Alvin Toffler's concept in 'Future Shock,'
where he examines the societal and psychological impacts of rapid technological changes. As Toffler posits,
such swift advancements can lead to a state of 'future shock,' a condition of distress and disorientation due to
the inability to cope with fast-paced changes [Toffler, 1970]. The maritime industry's evolution can be seen as
a microcosm of this larger societal transformation, with its own unique challenges and implications."
This integration ties the historical changes in the maritime industry to Toffler's broader concept of "future
shock," providing a deeper context to the psychological effects of technological advancements. The shift from
traditional maritime methods to more automated ones have psychological implications akin to any major
technological change in history. As Alvin Toffler discusses in "Future Shock," rapid technological
advancements often lead to a balance of excitement and fear that influences societal reactions.
Future Implications: 2. The increasing autonomy in shipping is only one facet of a broader technological
evolution that might have profound psychological effects. Consider the rise of sophisticated AI models like
GPT-core agents [Chandler K, 2023]. Their capabilities can be so vast and complex that they could, in theory,
perceive human behaviors and decisions as 'primitive' or 'archaic.' Furthermore, these AI models, equipped
with vast knowledge databases, have the potential to study historical patterns, recognizing vulnerabilities in
human decision-making across ages. This profound understanding of human history and psyche might
intensify concerns of AIs not just as tools, but as entities capable of exploiting human weaknesses [Eisikovits,
2023]. This perception itself might evoke concerns among humans — fears of AI not just as tools, but as
potential usurpers, taking over roles and making decisions that have historically been the domain of humans.
The idea of massive vessels operating without human intervention parallels the concerns over AI systems
making decisions without human oversight. Both scenarios bring forth worries over safety, trust in
technology, and the broader implications for human roles in various industries. This transition towards a more
technological society aligns with Jacques Ellul's observation of a "technique of organized life" where
technology begins to dominate our actions and choices [Ellul, 1980].
Yet, Carl Jung's insights into the human psyche offer a different viewpoint. He observed, "The word 'archaic’
means primal — original ... While it is one of the most difficult and thankless tasks to say anything of
importance about civilized man of today, we are apparently in a more favorable position with regard to
archaic man" [Jung, 1912]. This suggests that our reactions to technological advancements, whether in
maritime autonomy or AI's potential dominance, are deeply rooted in our collective unconscious, resonating
with shared memories, fears, and hopes that have been part of humanity's psyche for ages.
Projection: The Synthesis of Past and Future
Both Jung and Ellul suggest that while technology evolves at an unprecedented pace, human reactions to these
advancements are rooted in age-old patterns of behavior and thought. The synthesis of this with AI's
capability to explore the past and understand these patterns puts humanity in a unique position. We are
contending with new technological frontiers and with entities that understand our historical vulnerabilities.
Jung's notion of the 'archaic' or 'primal' taps into the idea that our responses to contemporary challenges, like
the rise of AI or autonomous shipping, are not entirely new but are manifestations of deeply embedded
archetypes. These are not just fears of the unknown, but echoes of past challenges and transitions our
ancestors faced.
Ellul, on the other hand, posits that as technology becomes more pervasive, it begins to shape our lives in
profound ways, sometimes at the expense of human agency. This idea is particularly salient in our world now,
a world where AI systems do not just assist but also make decisions on our behalf.
The interplay between these two perspectives presents a chance to study and to understand the psychological
implications of a rapidly changing technological landscape. It's not just about grappling with the new but also
about recognizing and understanding the old patterns and fears that resurface.
As for the notion of 'reverberating thoughts from a past universe,' it's an intriguing and potentially disturbing
concept. While this research does not scope into that matter, it hints at the cyclical nature of human reactions
to change and progress. Every new technological frontier we face, be it in the maritime industry or AI, seems
to elicit reactions that have, in one form or another, been felt by generations past. Thus, understanding our
past might offer valuable insights into navigating our future, even if it is mostly navigated autonomously.
Note: This continuation ties in the perspectives of both Jung and Ellul, emphasizing the recurring nature of
human reactions to technological advancements and suggesting the potential for future explorations in this
area.
As a second note: With this integration, the quote from Ellul provides a broader context to the
psychological effects being discussed, tying the maritime industry's changes to a more general
observation about society's relationship with technology.
The move towards autonomous shipping will intensify these psychological effects, with concerns over safety,
trust in technology, potential job losses, and the reshaping of global trade dynamics playing into the collective
psyche of societies worldwide. Analyzing this through Carl Jung's theories on Collective Unconscious, we
can understand these reactions as shared fears, hopes, and archetypes across humanity.
● Cross-reference: Carl Jung's theories on Collective Unconscious. The collective reaction of
society to technological advancements, like autonomous shipping, can be seen through the lens of
shared fears and hopes that Jung proposed.
Cyber Threats and Psychological Impacts: In an increasingly connected world, autonomous ships face a
spectrum of specific cyber threats. These threats can range from ransomware attacks targeting the ship's
navigation systems to data breaches leaking sensitive cargo information. Additionally, Distributed Denial of
Service (DDoS) attacks could disrupt the ship's communication channels, posing significant risks. Each of
these threats compromises the operational integrity of the ship and amplifies fears and anxieties amongst
stakeholders. The mere idea of a ship being hacked, or data being compromised can have profound
psychological effects, especially in communities directly involved in maritime activities.
● Cross-reference: "The Technological Society" by Jacques Ellul. The concerns about the
vulnerabilities of technology, especially in the realm of cybersecurity, reflect the broader issues that
Ellul touched upon regarding how technology can shape and potentially dominate our lives.
VII. Challenges of Global Security and the Role of
International Relations:
The advent of autonomous ships and sophisticated AI systems in global maritime operations introduces a set
of psychological challenges that necessitate a nuanced understanding within the realm of international
relations. According to Martineau [Martineau, 2023], the deployment of autonomous ships may instill a
heightened perception of vulnerability among the public and maritime professionals. The fear that these
vessels could be susceptible to remote hacking or manipulation may induce anxiety and uncertainty.
Additionally, concerns may arise regarding the potential for technological superiority, wherein nations with
advanced AI capabilities could dominate or pose threats to global maritime security.
The human element in maritime strategy undergoes a transformative shift as AI and automation assume more
prominent roles with global R&D investment increasing heavily year after year [Baruffaldi, et al, 2020]. This
shift leads to a sense of redundancy among traditional maritime professionals [Allen, 2009; Mallam, et al,
2019,2020], who feel their jobs are becoming less and less important, necessitating psychological and
vocational support to aid in their adaptation to evolving job landscapes. This is especially important because
the areas that these individuals are working in are often quite harsh, thus making the implementation of
advanced technologies and engineering an obvious support to their jobs but require further training. The
intertwining of human roles with AI requires a focus on this training and adaptability to mitigate stressors
associated with this profound change. However, with newer models of AI agents, this training process
becomes more accessible, as evidenced in the creation of many GPTs in OpenAI’s ChatGPT interface. So,
with these advances, there is a greater chance for people to have access to better training, but at what cost to
their mental state as the pace of AI advancement is quite staggering in 2023?
As depicted below, in an interview process of 6,295 participants from 2017 to 2023 [Brown, Farias, 2023,
Figure 1], D&J IDIOMAS reported that 77.8% (4,036) [Brown, 2023, Figure 3] of the people interviewed
about AI, Agents, and AI communities, did not understand the mechanisms behind AI, and in 99.6% (6,268)
[Brown, Farias, 2023, Figure 3] of the people did not know about Agents; and only 1 participant had heard of
an AI community [Brown, Farias, 2023].
After an explanation was provided during the interview, 61.8% (3,890) [Brown, Farias, 2023, Figure 3] of the
interviewed participants feared the developments and began to say they would be worried about their jobs.
Another 23.8% (1,498) [Brown, Farias, 2023, Figure 4] said they did not worry about it as they chose to state,
“Not worried”, after explanations of what AI had the potential to do. Separately, 14.4% (907) [Brown, Farias,
2023, Figure 4] were not sure about AI as long as it was controlled. The majority 95.5% (6,013) [Brown,
Farias, 2023, Figure 4] felt AI was a threat if it could learn on its own without control. And finally, 4.5%
(282) [Brown, Farias, 2023, Figure 5] felt AI was not intelligent enough to be a threat, and/or that AI did not
"think".
With this being the consensus, this paper posits that humanity should investigate further into the autonomous
shipping world to get better knowledge data, but if the data is the same, it only seems natural to think that
people in the general marine field would have had similar estimations. Theoretically, slightly higher levels of
recognition would have been expected from autonomous shipping workers, due to their interaction with these
systems in the past.
Figure 2. Courtesy of D&J BROWN IDIOMAS 2017-2023 BEFORE EXPLANATION OF AI, AI Agents,
and AI communities; purported knowledge of participants before AI was explained to them [Brown, Farias,
2023].
Figure 3. Courtesy of D&J BROWN IDIOMAS 2017-2023 BEFORE EXPLANATION OF AI, AI Agents,
and AI communities; feelings of participants before having AI explained to them [Brown, Farias, 2023].
Figure 4. Courtesy of D&J BROWN IDIOMAS 2017-2023 AFTER EXPLANATION OF AI, AI
communities, the feelings of participants and their fear [Brown, Farias, 2023].
Figure 5. Courtesy of D&J BROWN IDIOMAS 2017-2023 AFTER EXPLANATION OF AI, AI
communities, the feelings of participants and their fear [Brown, Farias, 2023].
Economic implications emerge as a critical facet of the challenges posed by autonomous maritime operations.
Countries at the forefront of AI and maritime technology may experience significant economic advantages,
thereby altering global economic power dynamics [European Parliamentary Research Service, 2019].
Simultaneously, local economies dependent on traditional maritime roles may encounter challenges, fostering
broader societal and psychological implications. Feelings of being "left behind" in the technological
revolution may permeate communities [Interagency Group of SDGs, 2018], underscoring the need for
comprehensive economic strategies.
Diplomacy plays a pivotal role in addressing these multifaceted challenges. Building trust through diplomatic
channels becomes imperative, particularly when countries collaborate on security matters [Alexandre de
Gusmão Foundation, 2019]. Suspicion or doubts about the intentions of international partners can hinder
effective cooperation. Furthermore, as maritime technologies advance, they may become focal points in
geopolitical disputes, necessitating diplomatic efforts to ensure that technological advancements do not
exacerbate international tensions [United Nations, 2023].
In the context of these challenges, the role of diplomacy is crucial in ensuring that maritime advancements
benefit all nations equitably [Polejack & Coelho, 2021]. Drawing parallels with Aldous Huxley's "Brave New
World," concerns about job losses and human displacement due to over-reliance on technology underscore the
need for a balanced approach [Chamberlain, 2020; Cole, 2017; Knapinski, 2022]. In conclusion, this research
shows that the challenges of global security in the era of autonomous maritime operations encompass
psychological, economic, and diplomatic dimensions, recognizing the interconnectedness of these domains.
Additionally, addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach on the
international stage.
VIII. Introduction of Solutions: Mind Reading AI,
GPT-core agents, MAMBA-core agents, RAG-Fusion,
ChatDev, AutoGPT, Autogen, and collective AI
communities
a. Psychological Dimensions of AI Integration:
Building Trust in GPT-core Agents in Maritime Operations requires the maritime industry to lean
towards automation, and trust in AI agents like GPT-core, and MAMBA-core type agents[Gu, Dao, 2023],
which will become pivotal towards creating a new level of autonomy and interconnection These agents are
expected to analyze vast amounts of data, predict potential hazards, and even make decisions in real-time
navigation scenarios [Yang et al., 2023]. The maritime community must have confidence in the AI's ability to
operate ships as reliably as, if not more than, seasoned human captains. As seen in figure 1, and figure
2[Brown, 2023], the psychological significance of AI and its fear factor increases as people become aware of
its presence. In the absence of given knowledge, therefore, this paper shows that the likely hood of AI
affecting the psychology of people drastically increases as they come into realization of what AI, AI
AGENTS, and AI communities are.
This leads to the potential over-reliance on AI and its maritime implications: This paper posits that while
AI brings efficiency and fear in some, there's a lurking risk of over-dependence. For instance, if ship operators
rely solely on AI for navigation without human oversight, they will be caught off-guard during system failures
or cyber-attacks. Because of this, it is imperative for training programs to instill the importance of human-AI
collaboration, ensuring safety in maritime operations.
Inevitably, this will lead to job transitions with AI in the Helm. The integration of AI in maritime
operations is leading to job role shifts. In the period from 2016 to 2021 the global number of shipping
employees rose by more than 20%, and due to AI, these roles have shifted [Oksavik, et al., 2021]. For
example, a ship captain's role might evolve from direct navigation to overseeing AI operations and
intervening during critical situations. This shift, while promising efficiency, challenges professionals'
identities, necessitating retraining and psychological support [Zirar, et al., 2023], availing new opportunities
in which the employees are forced to work and develop in new areas. This is a loop according to Zirar et al.,
which gives progressively more abilities to crews, while necessitating increased learning and retraining. This
paper presents the idea that in the future, this trend will continue and usher in further development once mind
reading AI reaches 75% accuracy rate across the board, as witnessed in [Koide-Majima et al., 2023], except,
pushing this into the field of autonomous shipping.
b. Technical Introduction to RAG-Fusion:
RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) Fusion [Raudaschl, 2023] is an advanced machine learning model
that combines the power of retrieval-based models with sequence-to-sequence generation capabilities. Here's
how it operates:
1. Retrieval Phase: On receiving a query, RAG scans a vast dataset to fetch pertinent document
passages. This is achieved through a dense retrieval method, where embeddings of the query and the
documents are juxtaposed to identify the most relevant matches.
2. Generation Phase: The passages fetched are then employed as a context for a sequence-to-sequence
model (akin to GPT or BERT) to generate a coherent and contextually apt response.
3. Ranking and recombination phase: Where RAG, in reports [Lewis, et al., 2020], does a good job at
grabbing external information, Rag-Fusion takes it further and compiles a search of multiple groups
of information, tags them, ranks them, and then combines the information, giving a pluralistic source
result, rather than a singular source result.
[Figure 6. Overview of RAG-Fusion. Courtesy and permission to use by Adrian H. Raudaschl]
Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the RAG-Fusion methodology, illustrating the process from initial
user query through vector search queries, reciprocal rank fusion, and the generation of re-ranked results to the
final generative output. This model underscores integration of advanced AI-driven retrieval and generation
mechanisms, contributing to enhanced decision-making processes in autonomous maritime operations.
The term "Fusion" illustrates the way the retrieval and generation components amalgamate, permitting end-
to-end training. This ensures the model concurrently fine-tunes both its retrieval and generation faculties for
peak performance. In contexts that demand a blend of extensive knowledge retrieval and refined response
generation, such as open-domain question-answering, RAG-Fusion exhibits its true prowess.
Additionally, Rag can be combined with newer techniques to provide linear results that can handle
longer sections of information over time. In comparison to older systems of GPTs, the new linear
systems phase in MAMBA provides better than GPT performance on large scale sequencing. In the
new MAMBA setup, linear equation programming was able to surpass the transformer models in 1-
million sequence inputs, with perfect results. Since in tests, MAMBA’s Linear-Time Sequence
Modeling with Selective State Spaces, showcased by Princeton’s 2023 report, does better than
GTP++, it is more promising with dealing with long chain analysis [Gu, Dao, 2023]. In shipping,
this paper presents the idea that these transformations will jointly mean shorter and more effective
calculations of complex ship movements coordinated by AI communities running on human to AI
interfaces [Brown, 2023] using the above stated technology.
Psychologically, RAG can increase a user’s acceptance of information produced by the systems because it
gives the user the sense that there is a collection of information that has come from various resources that
have been identified, ranked, and recombined in a meaningful way. This idea of acceptance comes from a
human’s desire to welcome new information, but at the same time, to have it be responsibly administered, so
as to not receive inaccurate, or irrelevant information [Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of
Clinical Trial Data, 2015], especially in regard to logistics and business as evidenced in various reports by
well-established researchers [Aylak, 2022; Bogusławski, et al., 2022; Ceyhun, 2019; Shahbakhsh, et al., 2022;
Munim, 2019]. Many measures have already been taken to employee strategies to improve logistics with
actual ships and businesses in cases such as collision reduction [Hashimoto, et al., 2019], supply chain
improvement through measurement awareness [Notteboom, 2018; Sencila & Alop, 2019], and possibility to
use the Gartner hype cycle approach for autonomous shipping [Sencila & Alop, 2019]. This paper clearly
identifies this as an attempt to improve a system, on a global scale, thus proving that the psychological
acceptance of these new technologies has been present enough to ensure approval of these techniques.
This paper presents the improvements with the new combined technologies that are available and pushes
further with proposal of others. With RAG-Fusion, improvements will come in many more fields, thus
lessening the weight of danger, decreasing time expenditure, and improving business functionality in
autonomous shipping, all while relieving some of the psychological stress of the humans involved.
c. The Collective Approach:
Empowerment and Self-worth: The democratization of AI interfaces, especially through platforms like
ChatDev [Qian, et al, 2023] frameworks that create AI-communities, offers to empower even smaller
maritime firms, allowing them to harness advanced technologies traditionally reserved for industry giants. As
more people in the maritime domain gain access to such tools, they might feel an enhanced sense of self-
worth and agency in their roles. This newfound empowerment, while promising, also comes with risks of
overconfidence or misuse if not guided properly. Because of this, there will be Anxiety and Job Security
issues as evidenced across the board; in the maritime industry, the rapid innovations driven by open-source
communities might be unsettling for professionals rooted in traditional roles. The thought that AI systems
could potentially optimize routes or manage ship operations brings forth questions about the role and
relevance of human navigators or ship operators.
Additionally, since the AI-cores will be able to be programmed with their own identity, this paper posits that
natural tendencies towards human curiosity will lead to Community Belonging vs. Isolation issues, perhaps
even in the AI communities themselves. Open-source platforms, especially in the maritime tech domain,
foster a sense of community and collective advancement. However, a divide might emerge between tech-
savvy maritime professionals and those more aligned with traditional methodologies, leading to feelings of
isolation or being left behind, and not just with individuals, but even in the community itself. At that moment,
the realities of human to AI interactions can be revealed by looking at J. Park, who, in a paper called:
Generative agents interactive Simulacra of Human behavior [Park, et al., 2023], revealed that humans were
reacting towards AI agents. In a separate study, C. Park had earlier made a presentation [Park, 2019] at a
conference, that suggested cyber security needed to improve based on a literary review, and this paper aims to
guide users to that improvement.
Agents have been shown to alleviate many problems, and these agents were programmed to have their own
identities, operate freely, and communicate. What did they do? They formed relationships, studied,
researched, and divided their time amongst each other to follow the process that they were provided with.
This will become increasingly interesting in the maritime sector when the communities begin to work together
and develop autonomous relationships, possibly even with the humans they interact with.
Redefining Success and Achievement: In the maritime sector, success metrics are evolving. With AI-driven
ships able to optimize routes and reduce fuel consumption, the benchmarks of success might lean more
towards efficiency [Munim et al., 2020] and sustainability, rather than just timely arrivals or cargo integrity.
Since it is natural for humans to form both Trust and Skepticism, in the maritime realm, as AI-driven
solutions gain traction, trust becomes pivotal. Stakeholders, ranging from shipowners to crew members, will
need to trust these AI advancements for them to be truly effective. Their acceptance or skepticism will play a
significant role in the widespread adoption of AI in maritime operations, and the human psychological
disposition towards these agents.
Economic Self-worth: Within the maritime industry, if AIs can perform certain operations more cost-
effectively, it might challenge traditional economic structures. Maritime professionals would need to face off
with questions about the economic worth of their skills and contributions in this new landscape. If an AI can
accomplish a task for $1 that traditionally costs much more, individuals would need to fight with questions
about the economic worth of their own skills and contributions.
d. Personalizing AI Interactions:
In the realm of maritime operations, the integration of adaptive AI systems such as AutoGPT [Yang et al.,
2023] and Autogen [Wu et al., 2023; Porsdam, et al., 2023] within ChatDev platforms is reshaping the
dynamics between human professionals and artificial intelligence. Beyond serving as navigational tools, these
systems are evolving into essential partners on board, engaging in collaborative ship management and route
planning. This transformative shift could foster a deeper emotional connection with technology, presenting
potential advantages like reduced feelings of loneliness, but also raising concerns about over-reliance on AI
for emotional support and decision-making.
As AI systems on ships become more intuitive, offering real-time route adjustments and predictive
maintenance alerts, maritime professionals may experience a reduction in technophobia. The development of
a more user-friendly AI interface can ease the transition for crews accustomed to traditional ship operation
methods, fostering increased acceptance of AI in daily maritime activities.
Transparency plays a crucial role in building trust between ship operators and AI systems. Platforms like
ChatDev enable real-time insights into AI-driven decisions, allowing users to comprehend how the
technology determines routes or identifies potential threats. This transparency cultivates trust, mitigating
skepticism and establishing a harmonious human-AI partnership in maritime operations. However, it also
underscores the responsibility of developers to ensure ethical and unbiased AI behavior.
The introduction of AI as a fundamental component of ship operations may prompt a shift in maritime
training institutes' curricula. Traditional navigation and ship operation courses could be supplemented or
replaced by training in AI system management and oversight. This adjustment aims to prepare the next
generation of maritime professionals for a technologically advanced fleet, where AI becomes an integral part
of personalized learning experiences, potentially prompting a reevaluation of formal education systems.
The advent of highly competent AI systems on board introduces an element of introspection for maritime
professionals. As AI efficiently manages ship systems and plans routes, crew members may reassess their
roles, leading to a reevaluation of their professional identity and worth in the overall ship operation. The
profound understanding that AI may have of individuals' preferences, habits, and desires raises questions
about values, beliefs, and self-concept. While this engagement with AI can foster personal growth, it may also
lead to existential crises or feelings of being deeply understood by a machine. This paper acknowledges this
intricate interaction between humans and AI, presenting it as a psychological and cerebrally interactive
phenomenon without proposing a definitive solution or identity resolution.
e. Harmonizing Global AI Efforts:
The harmonization of global AI efforts, particularly through platforms like RAG-Fusion, presents
multifaceted implications, extending beyond technical advancements to encompass psychological
considerations. This section explores the psychological impact of harmonizing AI in the maritime industry,
shedding light on potential benefits and challenges.
Global Unity and Collaboration: RAG-Fusion's capacity to integrate diverse global data sources and rank their
relevance redefines the significance of a unified maritime intelligence platform. This facilitates international
collaboration, simplifying and complexifying operations like route planning and threat detection across
regions. The shared platform psychologically reinforces a global community working together, potentially
reducing regional biases and promoting intercultural understanding.
Reduced Misinformation: A harmonized AI system like RAG-Fusion minimizes discrepancies in maritime
data from different regions, ensuring safer and more efficient voyages. This reduction in conflicting
information contributes to improved mental well-being among maritime professionals, lessening stress and
confusion associated with outdated or inaccurate data.
Sense of Security: A shared AI platform fosters mutual trust among nations in the maritime industry.
Accessing a unified data source enhances confidence in the accuracy and reliability of shared maritime data,
reducing potential conflicts or misunderstandings. Collaboration on a single platform instills a sense of
security and mutual respect, alleviating anxieties associated with international relations.
Empowerment Through Knowledge: Platforms like RAG-Fusion democratize maritime data, empowering
ship operators and nations. Access to a harmonized data repository enables more informed decision-making
and optimized operations, fostering proactive global citizenship. This empowerment is rooted in the belief
that shared information can lead to positive change.
Potential Overwhelm: While a global, unified AI-driven data source is invaluable, it may overwhelm
maritime professionals due to the sheer volume of real-time data. Ship movements, weather patterns, and
potential threats require additional training or AI-assistive tools to filter and prioritize information. The influx
of data and perspectives may lead to cognitive fatigue or decision paralysis, necessitating careful
consideration of the psychological well-being of users.
Incorporating these psychological implications provides a nuanced understanding of how harmonizing global
AI efforts influences individual and collective mindsets, fostering unity while acknowledging potential
challenges. The integration of advanced AI solutions in the maritime sector promises a revolution, but
addressing the psychological aspects is crucial. Prioritizing education, advocating for transparency in AI
operations, and emphasizing human-centric design principles are essential to anchor trust in these systems and
ensure a smooth voyage towards an AI-augmented maritime future.
IX. Cyber Threats and the Role of GPT-core Agents
The psychological ramifications of cyber threats in the context of autonomous shipping are multifaceted and
demand careful consideration. As autonomous ships become more prevalent in the maritime industry, there is
a burgeoning perception that these vessels constitute potential targets for cyberattacks, instigating feelings of
vulnerability and doubt about the reliability of autonomous shipping [Hadlington et al., 2023]. The dynamic
and ever-evolving nature of the cyber threat landscape introduces unknown vulnerabilities, posing challenges
for maritime professionals and the general public alike and giving rise to concerns about unforeseen risks
[Hadlington et al., 2023; Brown 2023]. However, this paper also presents new opportunities for AI in the
field, with developing programs like Chat GPT-4V (vision)[ChatGPT Vision, 2023; Author: Lanz, 2023] type
Agents with regards to helping to identify threats and improve observations in real-time. This article also
brings awareness of vision techniques like Nividia’s 3-D Magic [Lin, C., et al., 2023] that surpass previous
fine grained recognition of maritime vessels and land vehicles by deep feature embedding enhancement
models proposed in 2018 on Marvel and Stanford Cars data sets by authors Solmaz, et al. [Solmaz, et al.,
2018], and even brings forth a newer, more advanced version that produces life-like resolution from very
course grain objects called “3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering” [Kerbl, et al,
2023]. In graphics identification, AI-Agents that encompass these types of improvements that are far more
advanced than previous models are available, an availability which can drastically improve currently used
models, enhancing security, vision, real-time identification, and thus alleviate much of the psychological
pressures in autonomous vehicle real-time detection methods at much faster speeds.
This still does not mean that continuous exposure to cyber threats no longer has the potential to erode trust in
the digital infrastructure supporting autonomous ships. This paper acknowledges that the establishment and
maintenance of this trust is still imperative for the widespread acceptance of such technologies, however, the
aim of this paper is to bring awareness to the possible improvements to a wider audience. Transitioning to the
positive aspects, the psychological comfort derived from advanced AI defense mechanisms is noteworthy.
Highlighting the capabilities and reliability of GPT-core agents and AI-community driven Agents addresses
certain concerns by showcasing their proactive approach to identifying and mitigating threats [Hadlington et
al., 2023]. There is also the need to continuously recheck results of AI-Agents due to known issues, such as
"hallucinations" in transformer models [Kalai & Vempala, 2023]. The good news is the Agents themselves
can reverify results of other agents in real time using Ai-communities.
Emphasizing the collaborative role of human expertise with AI in cybersecurity provides reassurance, with AI
offering swift threat detection and response, while human expertise ensures contextual understanding and
decision-making [Farah et al., 2022]. The transparency of AI defense mechanisms, such as RAG-Fusion and
ChatDev, plays a crucial role in dispelling notions of AI as a mysterious or uncontrollable force [Brown,
2023; AI Insights CoBeT, 2023]. To add credence to this paper’s veracity, the USSOCOM military executive,
Jim Smith, in his keynote address to SOF Week 2023, openly stated that: “I think artificial intelligence is a
tide that lifts all boats” [ Ferran, 2023]. Furthermore, adding photonic receptors to ships and drones during
shipping routes, enables them to capture images in real time, and AI Agent processing algorithms like Chat
GPT 4 vision (ChatGPT4V) [Lanz, 2023; Decrypt, 2023], enable the rapid processing of those images, which
can then be relayed back to the AI-Community, categorized, and then broadcast to the global HIVE-AI
through a simple integration process. In the Navy, Mortimore states that AI offers superior performance when
compared to humans working alone [ Mortimore, 2021]. Accordingly, these advances give forces equipped
with this technology superior abilities and command of the seas [Mortimore, 2021]. This paper’s position is
that the fact of superiority gives way to improve sentiment about being part of a force with these technologies,
and lessons certainty for forces without them, while also reducing cyber threats and security issues in well-
regulated Naval situations.
Moving on to the emotional impact of data breaches, privacy concerns stemming from breaches heighten
apprehensions about the confidentiality of personal and operational data, necessitating assurances about
stringent data protection measures [Opderbeck, 2023]. If photos, mind-read data, and processes were to
become exposed, it could spell huge danger for anyone involved. Furthermore, cyberattacks can evoke a sense
of violation akin to physical intrusion, underscoring the importance of providing psychological support and
counseling in the aftermath of such incidents [Opderbeck, 2023]. In response to these challenges, this research
concludes that training initiatives that focus on building psychological resilience against cyber threats can
equip maritime professionals with some the knowledge and tools to confront potential threats, thereby
reducing anxiety and promoting proactive measures.
In summary, this exploration of the psychological dimensions of cyber threats in autonomous shipping
emphasizes the need for addressing associated concerns to establish trust and facilitate the adoption of these
technologies. Effective communication, education, and support are pivotal in alleviating fears and
highlighting the reliability and safety of autonomous maritime operations [Biolcheva et al., 2023], but the
trainees must be warned that the dangers will increase in many ways due to the same technologies being used
by bad actors.
X. Enhancing Cybersecurity Measures with GPT-core
Agents.
GPT-core agents, distinguished by their advanced deep learning capabilities, offer a valuable augmentation to
the cybersecurity infrastructure within the maritime industry. When integrated with conventional defenses
such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems, these agents introduce a layer of intelligence and
adaptability that enhances the overall security posture.
Real-time Monitoring becomes a distinct advantage as GPT-core agents persistently analyze ship network
traffic, adept at identifying patterns and anomalies that may elude traditional security measures. Their
Predictive Analysis capabilities leverage extensive historical and current data, enabling the anticipation of
potential threat vectors, thereby facilitating preemptive action. Moreover, the Dynamic Response feature
allows these agents to execute immediate actions upon detecting a threat, including isolating compromised
systems, or initiating countermeasures [Carrilho, 2023].
Advantages of a GPT-core Agent's Adaptability:
The inherent adaptability of GPT-core agents emerges as a prime asset, setting them apart from static
cybersecurity systems. Their ability to swiftly adjust to emerging threats ensures the continual safeguarding of
ships against evolving cyber-attack methodologies. Contextual Understanding is a key strength, as these
agents comprehend the broader context, differentiating between genuine threats and false alarms, thereby
minimizing false positives. Furthermore, their capacity for Self-Improvement through continuous learning
positions them at the cutting edge of cybersecurity defense, refining detection and response tactics over time.
Synergy with Blockchain for Data Verification:
Blockchain technology, renowned for its decentralized and immutable characteristics [Kamišalić et al., 2021],
proves to be an ideal partner for GPT-core agents in the realm of data verification. The decentralized ledger
characteristic of blockchain ensures Data Integrity, with GPT-core agents continuously cross-verifying data
against the blockchain, certifying its inviolability. Smart Contracts within the blockchain ecosystem empower
GPT-core agents to automate specific security protocols, such as condition-dependent data access.
Additionally, the transparency and traceability inherent in blockchain technology enable GPT-core agents to
trace any unauthorized data access or amendments, establishing a transparent audit trail [Luna, et al., 2023].
Conclusion:
In conclusion, this paper identifies the transformative potential of GPT-core agents in bolstering maritime
cybersecurity and presents it as evident in many sub-fields. Their integration with existing defenses,
adaptability to evolving threats, and synergy with technologies like blockchain provide a comprehensive
solution to the cybersecurity challenges faced by the maritime industry. By combining advanced capabilities
with established security measures, GPT-core agents create a way for a greater and more intelligent defense
against the dynamic landscape of cyber threats in maritime settings, and equally important, the containment of
such data as mind-read data, images, weights of the programs, and other related data, causes an immediate
need to protect this data against bad actors or Agents.
XI. International Collaboration and Standardization
The Collaborations and Standardizations in autonomous maritime operations have profound psychological,
procedural, and informational implications [Veitch & Alsos, 2022]. From a psychological standpoint,
collaborative efforts between nations and organizations instill a sense of collective assurance, assuring
stakeholders that multiple entities are jointly addressing maritime security challenges. The diversity of
perspectives brought together in this collaborative effort contributes to a unified goal of fortifying maritime
security, offering a more comprehensive understanding of challenges, and enabling effective solutions.
However, these collaborations necessitate overcoming cultural and organizational barriers to ensure a
harmonious working environment [International Commission on the Futures of Education, 2021].
In tandem with psychological impacts, the need for trust in shared protocols is paramount. As countries adopt
standardized operational protocols, building trust becomes crucial to overcome initial resistance or doubts.
Open communication, transparency in decision-making, and showcasing successful implementations play
pivotal roles in fostering confidence in these protocols. Addressing fears of sovereignty loss is equally
important, emphasizing that adherence to global standards is geared towards collective security without
compromising national autonomy [Yue, et al., 2023].
The emotional dynamics in shared knowledge platforms contribute significantly to the success of
collaborative efforts. Platforms facilitating knowledge sharing empower stakeholders by providing access to
diverse insights, enhancing decision-making confidence. However, potential vulnerabilities in shared
platforms, especially concerning cyber-attacks, require in-depth cybersecurity measures to ensure the integrity
and confidentiality of exchanged information [Cremer, et al., 2022]. Moreover, navigating sensitivities in
shared information is critical, as not all data is suitable for global dissemination. Establishing clear guidelines
for information sharing helps prevent conflicts and breaches of trust [Committee on Strategies for
Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data, 2015].
In conclusion, the realm of autonomous maritime operations necessitates international collaboration and
standardization for a harmonized approach to security, operations, and information dissemination. The
benefits, including mutual assurance, a shared objective, and collective insights, are significant. Nevertheless,
proactive efforts are required to address challenges such as cultural divides, trust-building in protocols, and
safeguarding shared platforms [UNESCO, 2023]. Overcoming these challenges will pave the way for a more
integrated, effective, and secure maritime future.
XII. Potential AI Solutions for Maritime
Cybersecurities – HIVE-AI
The rapid evolution of technology has ushered in a new era of innovative solutions tailored to meet the ever-
growing needs of the maritime sector. This section of the research reviews and goes into a summary of
exploration of advanced tools poised to revolutionize maritime cybersecurity.
1. GPT-core Agents
GPT-core agents stand out as formidable AI tools with unparalleled capabilities in real-time threat
monitoring, prediction, and response. Harnessing the formidable power of Large Language Models (LLMs) as
outlined by Angelis et al. (2023), these agents possess the ability to process extensive datasets, making
nuanced decisions based on historical patterns and information.
2. RAG-Fusion
Building upon the traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system, RAG-Fusion, as proposed by ,
elevates both information retrieval and summarization processes. By incorporating LLMs at various stages of
the query process, it ensures more precise and relevant data retrieval. The application of RAG-Fusion in
maritime operations becomes particularly crucial, where timely and accurate information can be the
differentiator between secure navigation and potential dangers.
3. ChatDev
ChatDev, an amalgamation of chatbot technology and software development introduced by Qian et al. (2023),
provides an interactive platform for on-the-fly software refinements. Its collaborative advantage lies in
fostering cooperation among diverse stakeholders, including security experts, software developers, and
policymakers. This ensures agile responses to emerging threats, promoting adaptability in the face of evolving
cybersecurity challenges. In the past, it has been shown as essential to have policies in place to create positive
environment [Bhagwat, 2023].
4. AutoGPT & Autogen
These advancements play a pivotal role in amplifying AI's influence in maritime operations. By facilitating
more intricate interactions and decisions, AutoGPT and Autogen ensure that autonomous ships can react to
situations with heightened precision and comprehension, enhancing overall operational efficiency.
5. Collective AI Communities and Agent-controlled Atmospheres
Embodying a collaborative spirit, collective AI communities serve as a gathering point for knowledge and
insights from experts globally. The benefit of such pooled intelligence is evident in ensuring that maritime
operations receive inputs from varied perspectives, culminating in more holistic and robust solutions.
6. Mind Reading AI and MAMBA-core agents
These two newer releases in AI will change the entire scope of what is possible; as stated above, the AI
community actions in relation to human and AI interactions will be tested in ways that were unimaginable just
years ago. This paper provides the groundwork and ideas that will be instrumental for recognizing these
interactions while humans will create feedback loops and new social-psychological norms within these new
social frameworks. people will interact with and integrate themselves into these communities barring
regulatory banning.
7. HIVE-AI
Hive AI, as proposed by this paper, is the combination of multiple communities of AI Agents. This paper
proposes that an AI hive performs functions at a global level, reacting to the coordination and safety of
multiple AI communities. In a similar fashion the ranks in a military, or hierarchical chain of command, Hive-
AI has the ability to render observation of a massive group of AI communities, enabling better performance
regionally, or globally. This idea also stretches to the idea of having another layer of security, and
watchfulness over the communities, guiding them as a king guided shepherds who guided flocks.
Note: By integrating the aforementioned technological tools, the maritime sector stands to acquire a
multifaceted shield and multi-layered defense against looming threats, and cause the same to become exposed
to new threats. These instruments not only address immediate challenges but also pave the way for a more
secure, efficient, and synergistic future in autonomous shipping, and expose it to chaotic agents that will by
nature, be created by actors and agents with manipulative intent. The collaborative and adaptive nature of
these AI solutions positions the maritime industry in the midst of cybersecurity innovation, creating both a
secure and dangerous maritime landscape.
XIII. Emerging Technologies and Innovations in
Maritime Cybersecurity
The modern maritime industry is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the pursuit of
autonomous shipping. To effectively counter the evolving landscape of cyber threats, industry is increasingly
relying on a combination of cutting-edge technologies. In this section, we explore some of the most promising
innovations that are reshaping maritime cybersecurity, as highlighted by Farah et al. (2021).
One notable innovation is the integration of GPT-core agents, leveraging the capabilities of Large Language
Models (LLMs). These agents play a crucial role in providing real-time monitoring, threat prediction, and
response. Through deep learning, they continuously scan maritime network traffic, identifying patterns and
anomalies that might be overlooked by traditional systems. This allows for proactive measures, such as
isolating affected systems or initiating countermeasures swiftly upon threat detection.
Another advancement, known as RAG-Fusion, builds upon traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation
(RAG) systems. This technology enhances both data retrieval and summarization, offering precise data
extraction critical for safe navigation. By integrating vast knowledge retrieval with advanced response
mechanisms, RAG-Fusion can address complex queries relevant to maritime cybersecurity.
ChatDev, a merger of chatbot technology with software development, presents an interactive platform
facilitating real-time collaboration among security experts, software developers, and policymakers. This
ensures dynamic responses to emerging threats and enables swift software iterations aligned with the evolving
threat landscape. In response to ChatDev, this paper identifies this framework as an AI community. But this
paper produces another level to this development; a new framework of multiple AI communities working
synchronously together. This is when communities of AI agents are combined in a common framework, and
these communities work together towards a common goal; in this case, this paper proposed to call this an AI
Hive, or Hive-AI. In combination with AI hives consisting of agents, greater purpose can be achieved, and
agents that specialize in certain tasks combine with communities that specialize in certain areas, and hives that
have more of a global agenda, or identity.
Blockchain integration, as proposed by Czachorowski et al. (2018), introduces a decentralized approach to
data verification in maritime operations. When combined with GPT-core agents, communities, and hives,
blockchain ensures data integrity through continuous validation, leveraging an immutable ledger. Smart
contracts automate security protocols, allowing data access only under defined conditions, while transparency
and traceability are achieved through a recorded audit trail for every blockchain transaction.
Conclusion and Way Forward
As the maritime industry ventures into a new era marked by autonomous operations, the integration of
advanced AI tools and technologies promises a transformative shift. GPT-core agents, RAG-Fusion, ChatDev,
the collective efforts of AI communities, and the global identity of Hive-AI, offer solutions not only to
immediate challenges but also lay the foundation for a more secure, efficient, and collaborative future in
autonomous shipping on a global stage.
The adoption of AI-driven solutions, such as GPT-core agents, addresses the need for adaptive and proactive
approaches to maritime cybersecurity. Technologies like RAG-Fusion and ChatDev contribute dynamic
responses to emerging threats, emphasizing the importance of enhanced information retrieval, summarization
capabilities, and real-time collaboration.
However, the digital evolution of the maritime sector brings forth vulnerabilities, including hacking, malware,
ransomware, data breaches, spoofing, and jamming. To address these challenges, a robust defense mechanism
is essential, combining AI-driven solutions with traditional security infrastructures to ensure the safe and
efficient navigation of autonomous vessels. This is where Hive-AI comes in. The Hive AI identity has a much
greater ability to prevent small attacks from spreading by identifying, through the block chain
communication, the areas, ships, agents, or communities that have been affected by incidence, and can
prevent, at a global scale, bad actors from doing further, or long-term damage.
Recognizing the interconnected nature of the maritime domain, international collaboration becomes
imperative. A unified approach to security, operations, and data sharing, as advocated by [Šekularac-Ivošević,
Milošević, 2019], fosters a harmonized strategy. By addressing psychological, trust-related, and emotional
dynamics, international collaboration paves the way for integration of standards and protocols.
Final Thoughts
As autonomous shipping advances, stakeholders from various domains must collaborate to navigate
challenges and harness opportunities. Through a judicious mix of technology, collaboration, and foresight, the
maritime industry can move towards innovation, security, and growth.
Key Takeaways:
Historical Insights into Maritime Evolution: The research adeptly reviews historical transitions within the
maritime industry [Shahbakhsh, et al., 2022], underscoring their profound psychological and societal
ramifications. This historical lens serves as a foundation for comprehending future challenges and
opportunities as stated in Kumar & Luthra [Kumar, Luthra, 2021], offering valuable insights for strategic
planning.
Navigating Autonomy's Impact on Maritime Operations: A comprehensive analysis examines the far-reaching
effects of autonomy in shipping on individuals' psychology. Addressing trust issues, economic implications,
societal impacts, and ethical concerns [Bogusławski et al., 2022] [Fan et al., 2023], the study adopts a
multifaceted approach. This holistic perspective provides a nuanced understanding of the complex landscape,
preparing stakeholders for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
Convergence of Terrains: Sea, Land, and Air: The study delves into the intriguing psychological implications
of multi-modal transport, highlighting the evolving dynamics as boundaries blur between sea, land, and air
transport. The psychological adjustments associated with this convergence offer valuable insights into the
future of transportation, urging further exploration of its implications.
Diplomacy on the High Seas: Global Security and Collaboration: Emphasizing the interconnectedness of
technology, psychology, and international relations, the section on global security underscores the pivotal role
of diplomacy in fostering trust and addressing geopolitical tensions. Recognizing the diplomatic dimensions
within maritime evolution is essential for navigating the intricate web of global security challenges.
Harnessing AI for Autonomous Shipping: Tools and Technologies: The research introduces potential AI
solutions, such as GPT-core agents, RAG-Fusion, ChatDev, Mind Reading, Hive AI, MAMBA-Agents, AI
communities, HIVE-AI, and their Human counterparts which can integrate into these communities, offering a
forward-looking perspective on autonomous shipping. Emphasis on building trust, ensuring human oversight
and integration, and the importance of democratizing AI knowledge detection [Ahmed, Wahed, 2020] is
identified as crucial for the successful integration of these technologies. The paper provides a roadmap for
leveraging AI in autonomous shipping while prioritizing ethical considerations and human-AI interoperable
control.
Suggestions for Further Exploration:
In conclusion, this research has shed light on the integration of AI in autonomous shipping and its wide-
ranging implications. The insights gained from examining specific AI tools, such as GPT-core agents, RAG-
Fusion, and ChatDev, contribute significantly to our understanding of the subject. However, several avenues
for further exploration exist, each presenting an opportunity to enhance the comprehensiveness of future
studies.
Stakeholder Engagement emerges as a crucial area, where understanding varied perceptions, from sailors to
policymakers, can be enriched through surveys, interviews, or focus groups. Real-world Case Studies can
offer practical insights and lessons learned from autonomous shipping trials, successes, and challenges.
Delving into the Regulatory Framework and the evolving legal landscape can provide a comprehensive view
of the industry's future, addressing challenges and potential solutions. The Environmental Implications, both
positive and negative, warrant a detailed examination to understand the ecological impact of autonomous
shipping. Economic Analysis, including cost-benefit analyses, can provide a clearer picture of the industry's
economic future.
The Scope Limitation of the current research is acknowledged, focusing primarily on specific AI tools and
potentially missing out on alternative solutions. Over-reliance on AI is another concern that deserves further
exploration, including potential pitfalls such as system failures, biases, and maintenance challenges.
Geopolitical Considerations, Economic Implications, Practical Implementation challenges, Psychological
Aspects, and comprehensive Feedback from Stakeholders represent rich areas for future study.
Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of recognizing Data Limitations and staying vigilant to
rapid technological advancements or unforeseen geopolitical events that could render findings obsolete.
Ethical Considerations, particularly in accountability for AI-driven decisions leading to accidents, merit
deeper examination based on the framework proposed by [Rawson, et al., 2022]. The Environmental Impact,
as suggested by [Wu, et al. 2022], requires a more nuanced exploration considering both benefits and
challenges.
In light of these potential shortcomings, it is clear that future studies should aim to provide a more holistic
understanding of autonomous shipping. As technology and industries evolve, continuous research and
exploration of these dimensions will be essential to ensure that autonomous shipping developments align with
societal, economic, and environmental values. The journey towards autonomous shipping is dynamic and
multifaceted, demanding ongoing attention to its various dimensions for a comprehensive and informed
perspective.
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