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Abstract

El enactivismo es una rama de las perspectivas cognitivas corporizadas que sostiene que la cognición emerge del acoplamiento que se da entre el organismo y su entorno. Este enfoque podría ofrecer una mirada alternativa para comprender aspectos de la memoria que representan desafíos para los abordajes tradicionales. La presente revisión bibliográfica busca avanzar en el tema a través de preguntas sobre cómo se genera, cómo se mantiene en el tiempo y para qué sirve la memoria. En el artículo se sintetizan las bases conceptuales del enactivismo para posteriormente revisar investigaciones que discuten sobre los procesos constructivos y las bases sensoriomotoras de la memoria y, finalmente, investigaciones que problematizan la formación y evocación de recuerdos sociales y colectivos.
rev|Psi
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/revpsi
Revista de Psicología es una publicación de la Facultad de Psicología (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina)
Artículo de investigación
1Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica, Universidad
Tecnológica Nacional Facultad Regional Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba,
(Argentina)
2Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Universidad de
Palermo (Argentina)
3Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientícas y Técnicas (CONICET,
Argentina)
4Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC, Argentina)
*Correspondencia: abrahanveronika@conicet.gov.ar
Memoria y enfoque enactivo:
análisis sobre el rol del cuerpo y
las interacciones sociales
Verónika Diaz Abrahan1,2,3*, Fernando Bermejo1,3,4
y Mercedes Hüg1,3,4
Recibido: 25 oct. 2022 | 1ra decisión: 21 jun. 2023 | Aceptado: 7 dic. 2023 | Publicado: 8 dic. 2023
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
2
rev|Psi
Resumen
             
            
           
         
             
                
        
          
        

Palabras clave      

A memória e a abordagem ativa: análise do papel do corpo e das
interacções sociais
Resumo          
          
          
          
           
          
          
         
  
Palavras-chave      

Memory and enactive approach: Analysis on the role of the body and
social interactions
Abstract
          
           
           
           
             
              
           
           
     
Keywords      
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
3
rev|Psi
          
        
           
            
        
             
             
          
          
           
      
         
      
              
          
           
            
             
          
        
        
        
     
          
       
          
            
            
        
          
          
           
           
Aspectos destacados del trabajo
       
            
     
          
      
       
  
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
4
rev|Psi
         
            
          
           
       
            
            
         
      
          
           
          
     
Propuesta enactiva sobre la cognición
            
             
           
 autopoiesis            
         
            
           
              
        
            
          
           
          
            
         
          
       
           
           
             
            
              
            
      sense-making     
          
           
         
          
         
     
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
5
rev|Psi
              
             
         
       
           
          
             
           
           
         
            
          
              
           
               
          
              
          
        
        
        
           
            
         
          
           
        
           
          
            
         
     
             
         
           
           
         
              
            
          
             
         
        
           
          
           
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
6
rev|Psi
              
             
         
       
           
          
             
           
           
         
            
          
              
           
               
          
              
          
        
        
        
           
            
         
          
           
        
           
          
            
         
     
             
   participatory sense-making     
           
           
         
              
            
          
             
         
        
           
          
           
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
7
rev|Psi
            
            
          
         
          
             
         
        
  
Aportes para considerar una memoria enactiva
          
             
             
  
           
      
             
           
           
            
           
      
        
            
        
           
        
        
        
             
      
          
          
          
            
             
       
        
          
          
          
          
          
           

Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
8
rev|Psi
La memoria como proceso dinámico, constructivo y adaptativo
           
         
             
         
          
           
            
         
 on going         
            
               
         
         
          
           
              
          
           
        
           
        
           
            
             
         
          
            
         
        
           
            
            
          
          
       
         
             
             
            
         
          
          
           
           
        
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
9
rev|Psi
          
       
            
        
               
         
         
          
         
           
            
              
            
            
           
           
        
          
             
         
        
        
             
          
            
          
      
             
            
         
            
           
            
       
             
         
        
     
Aspectos sensoriomotores de la memoria
           
        
           
           
           
           
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
10
rev|Psi
        
        
          
      
         
           
         
         
         
         
           
           
         
          
             
          
        
           
            
         
          
           
          
     
            
           
           
          
         
          
         
           
             
        
           
         
            
            
             
             
        
               
          
         
           
           
           
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
11
rev|Psi
          
         
       
              
        
            
          
          
          
         
        
            
           
           
             
          
          
           
       
        
            
             
             
           
          
           
         
          
           
          
     
           
           
           
           
           
           
          
           
             
             
        
Memorias sociales y colectivas
            
          
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
12
rev|Psi
         
          
              
             
        
          
           
            
       
       
 
            
memoria colectiva          
          
         
            
            
        
         
           
          
           
           
          
          
             
        
      
           
      memoria transactiva    
          
          
             
           
            
               
         
          
         
           
           
            
        
          
         
         
          
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
13
rev|Psi
          
 
          
          
       
       inhibición colaborativa    
         
          
            
          
          
         
           
             
       
           
            
            
             
           
        
         
        
            
     
         
  contagio social        
           
           
          
            
             
           
        
        
          
           
         
        
          
       
          
        
          
         
           
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
14
rev|Psi
          
             
                
           
          
            
           
          
   
         
            
             
          
         
           
          
           
          
           
   
Consideraciones nales
            
          
         
            
           
          
         
           
            
 
            
         
          
            
           
        
       
        
            
         
         
       
    
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
15
rev|Psi
              
            
           
         
          
           
         
           
           
           
          
        
            
         
          
            
        
         
           
               
        
        
    
               
           
          
        
           
      
           
             
            
         
            
            
        
              
          
        
          
         
          
            
        
            
            
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
16
rev|Psi
        
       
         
       
          
      
            
         
            
     
        
        
        
          
       
            
           
         
        
       
        
            
           
         
             
             
             
       
            
           
            
             
         
          
              
              
      
Notas
            
            
    
             
      
          
           
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
17
rev|Psi
         
    
Agradecimientos
             
       
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
18
rev|Psi
Referencias
           
       Cognition,
200  
          
   e Body, Embodiment, and Education: An
Interdisciplinary Approach     
           
   Pragmatics & Cognition, 26  

            
  e Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol.2  
          
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6  

              
        Memory &
Cognition, 45  
            
         Frontiers
in Psychology, 9  
             
        Small Group Research, 49 

             
          
 Cognitive Systems Research, 9  

         
    

             
        
  Frontiers in Psychology, 6  

         
       Neurobiology of Learning and Memory,
142   
           Human
Development, 63 
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
19
rev|Psi
           
       Memory, 16 

           
         
Memory, 17  
     Frontiers in Psychology, 11  

            
           
Experimental Psychology, 68  

             
 Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 8  

               
         
          e
European Journal of Neuroscience, 13 
        
 Principia, 19  

             
  Cognitive Semiotics, 4  

         Frontiers in
Integrative Neuroscience, 7  
           
    Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 6
 
            
  Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14  

           Frontiers in
Human Neuroscience, 6  
         Phenomenology and
the Cognitive Sciences, 4  
            
        
  Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8 
              Diccionario
Interdisciplinar Austral 
Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
20
rev|Psi
       Sensorimotor life: An enactive
proposal   
              
            
     Enaction: Toward a new paradigm for cognitive science 
  
            
   Cognition, 102  

            
   Frontiers in Psychology, 5  

   Enacting memory: Rethinking our capacity to remember 
  
          
Adaptive Behavior, 20  
               
      Legal and Criminological
Psychology, 9  
   La nueva ciencia de la mente. Historia de la revolución
cognitiva    
        Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20 
 
              
        
 Memory Studies, 7  

            
 Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26  

          
     Journal of Memory and Language, 96 

            
     Memory, 26  

           
    Acta Psychologica, 194  

         
   Philosophy & Technology, 32  

Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
21
rev|Psi
           
      
  Language and Linguistics Compass, 2  

            
       
     Memory & Cognition, 44 

           
 Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21  

          
   Educación Matemática, 26 
               
     Cognition, 109  

   How things shape the mind: A theory of material engagement
 
       De máquinas y seres vivos:
Autopoiesis: La organización de lo vivo 
        Science, 287 
 
           
   Memory, 17  

           
        Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology, 46  
         CIC.
Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación, 10 
          Cold Spring
Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 7  

            
          
NeuroImage, 14  
          
    Memory Studies, 16  

             
   Psychological Review, 124  

Revista de Psicología, Online First, 1–22 | 2023 | ISSN 2422-572X
https://doi.org/10.24215/2422572Xe174
Memoria y enfoque enactivo
Abrahan et al.
22
rev|Psi
         
  Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5  

          Memory, 30 

             
          
Neuron, 76  
            
   Neurobiology of Learning and Memory,
142   
         
    Avant: Trends in Interdisciplinary
Studies, 5 
         
          
  arterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66
 
  Conocer. Las ciencias cognitivas: tendencias y perspectivas.
Cartografía de las ideas actuales    
       e embodied mind: Cognitive science and
human experience  
            
    Phenomenology and the Cognitive
Sciences, 1  
           
 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61 
          
    Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23  

             
   Memory for action: A distinct form of episodic memory? 
 
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For mainstream theories, memory is a skull-bound activity consisting of encoding, storing and retrieving representations. Conversely, unorthodox perspectives proposed that memory is an extended process that includes material resources. This article explains why neither representationalist nor classical extended stances do justice to the active and constitutive role of material culture for cognition. From Material Engagement Theory, we propose an alternative enactive, ecological, extended and semiotic viewpoint for which remembering is a way of materially engaging with and through things. Specifically, we suggest that one remembers when one updates their interactions with the world, a form of engagement previously acquired through sociomaterial practices. Moreover, we argue that things are full-fledged memories, since they accumulate and bring forth how we have materially engaged with them over different timescales. Last, we highlight the need for studies considering the cognitive ecologies where remembering takes place in its full complexity.
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According to the embodied approach of language, concepts are grounded in sensorimotor mental states, and when we process language, the brain simulates some of the perceptions and actions that are involved when interacting with real objects. Moreover, several studies have highlighted that cognitive performances are dependent on the overlap between the motor action simulated and the motor action required by the task. On the other hand, in the field of memory, the role of action is under debate. The aim of this work was to show that performing an action at the stage of retrieval influences memory performance in a recognition task (experiment 1) and a cued recall task (experiment 2), even if the participants were never instructed to consider the implied action. The results highlighted an action-based memory effect at the retrieval stage. These findings contribute to the debate about the implication of motor system in action verb processing and its role for memory.
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Enactivism theorizes thinking as situated doing. Mathematical thinking, specifically, is handling imaginary objects, and learning is coming to perceive objects and reflecting on this activity. Putting theory to practice, Abrahamson's embodied-design collaborative interdisciplinary research program has been designing and evaluating interactive tablet applications centered on motor-control tasks whose perceptual solutions then form the basis for understanding mathematical ideas (e.g., proportion). Analysis of multimodal data of students' hand-and eye-movement as well as their linguistic and gestural expressions has pointed to the key role of emergent perceptual structures that form the developmental interface between motor coordination and conceptual articulation. Through timely tutorial intervention or peer interaction, these perceptual structures rise to the students' discursive consciousness as "things" they can describe, measure, analyze, model, and symbolize with culturally accepted words, diagrams, and signs-they become mathematical entities with enactive meanings. We explain the theoretical background of enactivist mathematics pedagogy, demonstrate its technological implementation, list its principles, and then present a case study of a mathematics teacher who applied her graduate-school experiences in enactivist inquiry to create spontaneous classroom activities promoting student insight into challenging concepts. Students' enactment of coordinated movement forms gave rise to new perceptual structures modeled as mathematical content.
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Within cognitive and developmental psychology, it is commonly argued that perception is the basis for object concepts. According to this view, sensory experiences would translate into concepts thanks to the recognition, correlation and integration of physical attributes. Once attributes are integrated into general patterns, subjects would become able to parse objects into categories. In this article, we critically review the three epistemological perspectives according to which it can be claimed that object concepts depend on perception: state non-conceptualism, content non-conceptualism , and content conceptualism . We show that the three perspectives have problems that make perception inadequate as a conceptual basis. We suggest that the inquiry about the origin and development of object concepts can benefit from a pragmatic perspective that considers objects’ cultural functions as a conceptual foundation. We address this possibility from the theoretical framework of the pragmatics of the object , considering the importance of objects’ functional permanence .
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Social interactions can strengthen memories, but they can also contaminate them, for instance, when individuals integrate misinformation from social sources into their own memories. In two experiments, we examined such social contagion in a novel recognition-based collaboration task. Groups of three subjects studied lists of words in isolation, but unbeknownst to subjects, only half of these words were shared by the whole group. The remaining words were shared by two individuals within the group, or they were unshared, studied by single individuals only. Subjects completed a first recognition test collaboratively, and we examined how this group recognition task affected subsequent individual recognition, both for originally studied and unstudied items. Moreover, for some subjects an initial individual test was placed before collaboration, to examine if prior individual retrieval influences social contagion. Three main findings emerged: First, collaboration enhanced individual memory for initially studied information, but mostly for information shared within the group. Second, collaboration entailed robust social contagion effects, which were more pronounced when the misinformation was shared by both other group members. Third, an individual memory test before collaboration reduced social contagion. We discuss the powerful effects of memory retrieval and how social interactions can simultaneously enhance and distort memories.
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An underlying process metaphysics is, arguably, necessary, but it is not sufficient for understanding the world, and, in particular, for understanding the mind and its development. It is necessary for both logical and empirical reasons, but we also need to account, within such a dynamic framework, for emergent normativity, adaptability, and cognition, among other phenomena, in order to model development. I will sketch these arguments, and then outline a model of development within that framework, with a brief introduction to how these processes are realized in the brain.