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Effects of the Economic Crisis on the Development of Climate-Responsible Entrepreneurship in the Markets of the Digital Economy in Developed and Developing Countries
Abstract
The study of the specifics of overcoming and adapting to crisis phenomena in the economy from the position of innovative entrepreneurship, which, apart from the goals of economic stabilisation and growth, sets and achieves the goals of climate protection, is very important. In this work, we determined the characteristics of managing the activities in the sphere of ecologisation from the position of large innovative companies as flagships of climate, technological development and economic growth.
We revealed the main features of an environmentally oriented business environment in response to economic challenges, which are connected with national and world crises. We demonstrated the most effective practices of the leading companies that represent the most competitive spheres of the economy in developing and developed countries. For this purpose, we used official materials on the studied companies and the systematised analytical and theoretical and empirical data. The designated directions of the anti-crisis activity may become the basis for improving the companies’ indicators and the foundation for cardinal optimisation of the economic and technological state of countries and improvement of the parameters of ecologisation.
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Stakeholders’ demand for corporate social responsibility (CSR) not only creates pressure on the corporation, but corporations are also themselves aware about leading CSR activities’ reporting and embedding sustainable activities to create value for the short, medium, and long-term. This research investigates the sustainable development and corporate social responsibility of Amazon as one of the most influential multinational enterprises in the world. In this regard, this study sheds light on how Amazon has combined its own interests with corporate social responsibility and sustainable development, and how they have responded to a series of challenges brought by economic globalization to corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. The results of this detailed investigation of Amazon from 2018 to 2020 show that Amazon has performed very well in terms of social responsibility and sustainable development. In particular, climate, environment, carbon emissions and other natural measures. However, there are some shortages in terms of human rights, such as insufficient protection and care for employees during the COVID-19 pandemic, and labor union issues. In addition, the study concluded that Amazon has sufficient experience to balance profit and corporate social responsibility. In response to the challenges of globalization, Amazon has also adjusted its sustainable development strategy in a timely manner, which can be used as a reference for other multinational enterprises.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a bridging point between the old, neoclassical, growth-based model of the economy and newer, emerging paradigms, such as the well-being economy. The importance of growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is recognized within the SDGs, however, in addition, Target 19 of Goal 17 advocates the adoption of alternative measures of economic well-being. The Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) has been found to be the indicator of alternative economic well-being most aligned with the SDGs. On the basis that increased, high-quality energy use leads to expanded macro-economic activity, as measured by GDP, this study conducts a conceptual exploration of the extent to which the pursuit of sustainable energy development (SED) can enhance GPI outcomes. Based on a recent Icelandic GPI study, a total of 46 SED themes were found to be linkable to 16 of its 39 sub-indicators, including 8 cost deductions and 7 benefit additions. The frequency of these was as follows: sustainable energy production (10), sustainable energy consumption (10), energy security (8), nature conservation (8), social benefits (7) and economically efficient energy system (3). The main implication of the study outcomes is that the pursuit of SED is likely to have considerable benefits in terms of fulfilling energy and climate policy, but also co-benefits with regard to the promulgation of economic and societal well-being, as reflected in the GPI. These outcomes, although applicable to Iceland, have ramifications for all nations who are simultaneously striving for greater economic prosperity, whilst tackling climate change and striving to deliver equitable, environmentally sound and resilient energy systems.
The PT governments combined elements of developmentalism and neoliberalism in a contradictory construction, organizing a large political coalition of workers and capitalists that allowed expanding the real wage and reducing poverty and inequality while maintaining the gains of productive and financing capitals. The decline of profitability after the 2008 crisis broke the class coalition constructed during Lula’s administration. The Dilma Rousseff government adopted a series of fiscal stimuli for private capital accumulation with meager economic growth. After her reelection, the government implemented an austerity program that resulted in negative growth rates. With the deepening economic crisis and without political support, Rousseff was removed from power.
Os governos do PT combinaram elementos de desenvolvimentismo e neoliberalismo em uma construção contraditória, organizando uma grande coalizão política de trabalhadores e capitalistas que permitiu expandir o salário real e reduzir a pobreza e a desigualdade, mantendo os ganhos dos capitais produtivos e financeiros. O declínio da lucratividade após a crise de 2008 quebrou a coalizão de classes construída durante o governo Lula. O governo Dilma Rousseff adotou uma série de estímulos fiscais para a acumulação de capital privado com escasso crescimento econômico. Após sua reeleição, o governo implementou um programa de austeridade que resultou em taxas de crescimento negativas. Com o aprofundamento da crise econômica e sem apoio político, Dilma foi afastada do poder.
This article analyses the effects of economic crises on the relationship between environmental practices, environmental performance and business performance. Six hypotheses are tested via survey responses from firms located in Brazil – a country that has recently faced a serious economic crisis. The data were analysed using PLS path-modelling (PLS-PM). The findings are discussed through the theoretical lenses of contingency theory and dynamic capabilities theory. We provide evidence that the aftermath of the recent economic crisis has significantly weakened the relationship between environmental practices, environmental performance and business performance among Brazilian firms. However, environmental practices that are linked to firms' strategy and have dynamic capability characteristics can still improve business performance, even under economic contingencies, as the win-win characteristics of these practices remain even in times of economic crisis. Firms may benefit from the awareness that even in difficult times, environmental practices continue to support business performance. The article extends the understanding of the ‘win-win situation’ regarding a market environment facing an economic crisis. The originality of this study, to the best of our knowledge, is that it is the first study to employ this theoretical and methodological approach to deal with this key societal and economic subject.
The article considers the relevance of the introduction of digital technologies in various sectors of the economy. The work also speaks about the role of digital platforms in shaping the modern economy, including the commercialization of R&D results. The main goal of the research is to determine the methodological approaches to the selection and organization of a network structure to support technology transfer. The article formulates the task of ensuring the scientific and technological cooperation of the subjects involved in the process of R&D commercialization and proposed an agent-based analysis model of network science and technology cooperation as a solution. The method of combined formation and evaluation of the effectiveness of scientific and technological cooperation of structures is proposed.
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