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Unraveling Women’s Involvement in the Digital Realm: An Empirical Investigation
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The growing use of the internet has provided a conducive platform for miscreants to engage in the misuse of information and communication technology (ICT). It has resulted in a potential threat to individuals in terms of cybercrimes. In general, cybercrimes are increasing at a rapid pace in India. The most vulnerable group targeted in cybercrimes in India has been women and girls. Using purposive sampling method for the selection of sample, this study focuses on cybercrimes against women in India and their impact on the victims. Awareness about cybercrimes is minimal. Historically, women have been subjected to various kinds and forms of discrimination and crimes, the newest being cybercrimes. Results exhibit that computer literacy is higher among males than females, which is a factor in women being more vulnerable to cybercrimes. The suppression of cybercrimes affects the victim psychologically through depression, fear, anxiety, and withdrawal from cyberspace. To overcome these kinds of effects, victims often share the situation they have faced with friends, close acquaintances, and family members.
Due to various technological advancements in the modern era, cybercrime has become a global issue. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, most jobs and transactions have been done virtually, compromising our global cyber security. Many people are unaware of this alarming situation leading them to become victims of cybercrime, especially the vulnerable groups of the elderly, children, and women. This conceptual study discusses the scammers' modus operandi for monetary deception or militants’ recruitment through love scams. The discussion then continues with the factors that lead women to become potential victims, from the personality aspects, characteristics, and impacts after being victimised. This study concludes that precautious steps are necessary to avoid becoming a potential victim of cybercrime, and coping with the aftermath is equally important.
Cyber-security behavior research is scant with even scarce studies carried out in developing countries. We examine the cyber-security and risky Internet behaviors of undergraduate students from Pakistan, taking into account the diversity of these students in terms of demographics, socioeconomic status, and the digital divide. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire. A total of 294 students belonging to six different cities of Pakistan were surveyed employing multistage stratified sampling in face-to-face interaction. The results indicated significant differences of cyber-security posture in terms of gender, age and digital divide variables. The profiles of students based on cyber-security and risky Internet behaviors indicate three groups with a majority of them falling into group that exhibits more risk-averse yet low cyber-security behavior. Moreover, proactive cyber-security awareness behavior has a positive impact on high risk-averse behavior. The implications of the findings are studied in terms of providing customized training and awareness. The future directions are laid out for further explorations in terms of cultural differences within and cross-country contexts.
The internet has produced a difficult issue for females relating to cyber security in the present era of digitization. Girls and women are constantly confronted with issues such as privacy invasion-emails, e-chats, hate speech, online grooming, spoofing, sexual misbehavior, bullying, hacking, cyber stalking, transmitting morphing, obscene materials and sexual defamation, blackmailing misrepresentation and financial gain or espionage. Low computer literacy and internet illiteracy among women is also a major source of victimization. Online abuse, rather than being a means of communication, is literally famous as a type of abuse or violence against women and girls. Privacy infringement, illegal monitoring, cyber stalking, unlawful access to data, and retaliation are all becoming increasingly sophisticated in the IT business.
Purpose
Across societies, gendered climate response decisions remain top-down and have limited progress because the influenced risk dynamics and their interrelations are not adequately understood. This study aims to address this gap by proposing an interdisciplinary innovative method, called women climate vulnerability (WCV) index, for measuring and comparing a diverse range of risks that threaten to undermine the adaptive capacity and resilience of rural women.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper builds on the literature to identify 12 risk categories across physical, economic and political sectors that affect rural women. These categories and attendant 51 risk indicators form the WCV index. A case study in Ben Tre Province (Vietnam) was used to demonstrate the application of the WCV methodology to rural contexts. The authors combined empirical, survey and secondary data from different sources to form data on the indicators. Structured expert judgment was used to address data gaps. Empirical and expert data were combined using a few weighting steps and a comprehensive coding system was developed to ensure objective evaluation.
Findings
The WCV assessment results reveal a reasonably worrisome picture of women’s vulnerability in Ben Tre as top highest-likelihood and deepest-impact risks predominate in physical and economic risk sectors. Stability, human security and governance categories have lowest scores, demonstrating a fairly politically favourable condition in the province. The medium risk scores captured in land and infrastructure categories reveal promising determinants of the adaptation of women in this rural province. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the WCV index in collecting bottom-up data, evaluating a wide variety of risks that rural women face and pinpointing priority areas that need to be addressed.
Originality/value
The WCV is systematic, customisable and localised. It combines field research and empirical data through structured expert judgment, thus enables researchers to fill data gaps and to do evidence-based assessment about diverse risk vulnerabilities. By doing so, the WCV index gives critical insights into the challenges that rural women face. This enables local governments to better understand cross-sectoral risks, pinpoint priority areas of action and timely channel funding and policy resources to support women where they need it most.
In modern society the role of Internet and
computer system is well recognized. People are greatly
benefited with the development of networking and cyber space
but some people are using this development in unethical way to
have some illegal benefits. Recently different types of Socialnetworking attacks are witnessed by social networking sites
user. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) impersonation scams,
along with technical support scams are the most common type
of tricks used by the attackers on unsuspecting victims in order
to achieve financial benefits. The ratio of cyber-crime in India
is constantly rising due to various reasons. Cyber-criminals are
very difficult to trace and this advantage is fully utilize by
scammers. In this paper an intensive review has been done on
cyber-crime in India. The studies shows that fraud cases are
increasing and the victims are mostly in the age group of 20 –
29 years. Mostly children and women are affected. Thus,
awareness programs are required for preventing or avoiding
cyber-crime in India.
Keywords— Cyber Crime, Cyber Security, Online Scams
Cyber Sexual Crime is one of the major crimes committed in India. One of the leading factors behind the crime is ignorance of the abuses. The present paper is an outcome of the study which was conducted to study the attitude and awareness of women about cyber sexual offences. Women are the major victims of the crimes, the study conducted in Cochin Corporation, Kerala explains that the women users of the cyber world has positive attitude at the same time they lack awareness of the IT Act and its services. The study says that "Crime against women is on a rise in all fields being a victim of cybercrime could be most traumatic experience for a woman". The women state of mind and their life with cyber world are explained in detail using the statistical data. While going through the research, it was found that the women lack courage to complaint or raise their voice against the abuses towards them. The reason behind these are also mentioned within it; that is women lack knowledge about the usage of technologies, thereby they may falls into some faults unknowingly and also due to these problems they may face difficulty to seek help from others to complain the issue towards the authority. These problems direct them to cyber crimes and other offences. Therefore this topic is relevant to be discussed and make an action on it.
The paper discusses the arguments for inclusion of cybersecurity awareness building in development assistance programs. We note that cybersecurity awareness building can strengthen the resilience of productivity-enhancing services, such as mobile banking and e-payment systems, and benefit economic growth. We develop a typology of cybersecurity strategies involving government, the private sector and the international community. The paper describes an Australian-funded program delivered by Monash University to overcome cyber errorism by strengthening cybersecurity capacity and awareness in Myanmar and explains how and why it was delivered. Drawing on the program's experience, the paper identifies various challenges to managing an effective program as well as eight lessons learned which might be applicable to other programs. Key among the lessons learned is the need for a solid understanding of how the internet is accessed and used in the host country, and the need for local content to attract target audience attention.
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