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23
no 2-3 ( 5 ), 20 23
ISSN : 2682 – 9517 (print) ISSN : 2683 – 0 9 30 (online)
JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES (JIIT)
Artificial intelligence in education and schools
Hachik Yazadzhiyan
Technical University of Sofia,
Branch Plovdiv
Department of Computer Systems and Technologies
Abstract . This work describes how artificial
intelligence can be used and how it is used in the
education sector. According to the 21st International
Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education
held in 2020 , AIED is one of the emerging fields in
educational technology. The use of AI is still unclear
for educators on how to take advantage of it on a
wider scale and how AI can impact teaching and
learning in higher education. The impact of AI in
education and its pros and cons are presented here.
It also describes a concrete way to develop an AI
enabled platform for education and finally the
consequent effects of AI in education.
\
Keywords: Artificial intelligence; education;
school management
I.
INTRODUCTION
According to the 2018 Horizon report, experts expect
the use of AI in education to grow by 43% between
2018 and 2022. The application of AI in education has
been the subject of research for the past 30 years. The
report done by Research and Markets, in 2019 the
global AI Education market reached $1.1 billion and is
expected to reach over $25.7 billion by 2030.
The forerunners of the application of AI in education
are found in the works of psychologists B.F. Skinner,
also known as the father of behaviorism, who was a
professor at Harvard University from 1948 until his
retirement in 1974, and Sidney Pressey, who was a
professor at Ohio State University in 1920.
II.
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
IN
EDUCATION
The International Society for Artificial Intelligence in
Education (AIED) is an interdisciplinary community at
the boundaries of computer science, education, and
psychology. The AIED International Society was
launched on January 1, 1997. It brings together
researchers by organizing the International Journal of
AI in Education (IJAIED) and a series of AIED
conferences.
In general, there are four areas of AIED in academic
support services and institutional and administrative
services such as profiling and prediction, assessment
and evaluation, adaptive systems, personalization and
intelligent learning systems. The field of AI is both
innovative and derivative.
Artificial intelligence is an emerging technology that has
begun to change educational tools and institutions.
Education is a field where the presence of teachers is
mandatory, which is the best educational practice, the
emergence of artificial intelligence is changing the work
of teachers who are indispensable in the education
system. AI mainly uses advanced analytics, deep
learning and machine learning to observe the speed of
a particular individual among others.
As AI solutions continue to reach a higher level, it helps
identify gaps in teaching and learning and upskills
education. AI can drive efficiency, personalization, and
streamline administrative tasks to give teachers the
time and freedom to provide understanding and
adaptability—uniquely human abilities where
machines would struggle. With the combination of
machines and teachers, it is possible to extract the best
results from the students.
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ISSN : 2682 – 9517 (print) ISSN : 2683 – 0 9 30 (online)
JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES (JIIT)
III. THE
IMPACT
OF
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
IN
EDUCATION
Almost artificial intelligence is impacting every area of
our lives in the future and out of all these the education
sector will be greatly affected as teaching and learning
is a major part of life and the current education system
has a lot of changes to be desired. Schooling in the old
days is not as flexible as what future AI in education will
present. Teachers, who play the most important role in
the education system, are not scalable and expensive.
In some of the countries, teachers are burdened with
heavy paperwork and are undervalued. AI can help
each individual individually by giving them a distinct
curriculum based on their interests and skill
assessments.
IV. BENEFITS
OF
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
IN
EDUCATION
Nowadays, young people tend to spend a lot of time
with their smartphones or tablets. This gives them a
chance to learn for ten to fifteen minutes in their free
time using AI applications. AI helps us understand the
mood or ease of the student during lectures by using
gesture recognition technology. As artificial
intelligence becomes more sophisticated, the machine
reads the student's facial expressions or gestures and
uses them to understand if the student is having
trouble understanding the lecture and modify the
lesson so that the student can continue easily.
Personalization of academic curriculum can be done by
AI-powered machines. AI tools can make global
classrooms possible, including people with visual or
hearing impairments. This can also help students who
cannot attend classes due to illness. In a normal
education system, the teacher grades students on
homework and tests, which would take a lot of time.
Here, when AI steps in, these tasks will be handled
quickly. It also helps in suggesting ways to bridge
learning gaps.
AI provides several resources to people who speak
different languages or have hearing or visual
impairments. Presentation Translator provides
subtitles in real-time mode, which is an AI-based
system application. For example, with the help of
Google Translate, students can read and hear in their
national language. For more interactive sessions,
modern technologies such as VR and gamification are
useful.
There were already some settings where multiple-
choice tests were scored by machines, and now
developments are being made in the direction where
written responses such as paragraphs, statements can
be scored using machines. This makes the teacher's job
easier and does not waste time, and this saved time
can be used to focus more on individual assessment of
students and their development.
Admission and enrollment processes may also be done
with AI in the future and its full potential is yet to be
revealed. AI can help students prepare for homework
or tests at home. AI in the near future will be able to
respond to a range of learning styles. Thanks to
artificial intelligence, tutoring and training programs
are becoming more and more advanced. AI
applications such as AI tutors for learners are being
developed for education.
AI can create groups of students that are suitable for
specific tasks. This is known as adaptive group
formation. AI application software that can instantly
grade a student's essays. These essays are added to a
central database and future essays can be compared
using the previous essays available in the database.
Artificial intelligence in education is a computer-based
technology that provides personalized, adaptive and
insightful teaching. The key parts of the AIED system is
the domain knowledge model that provides the
system's ability to perform the tasks, leading students
to consider whether to contribute to the solution. The
learner model that provides a representation of the
learner in terms of their developing knowledge and
skills. The pedagogy model is the component that
represents the teaching capability of the system and
finally the interface component that provides the
channel through which the learner and the system
communicate.
The other component of AI that is extremely useful in
education is the voice assistant. It is an innovative
application of AI. This includes Google Assistant,
Microsoft's Cortana, Apple's Siri and Amazon's Alexa.
These voice assistants help students converse directly
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ISSN : 2682 – 9517 (print) ISSN : 2683 – 0 9 30 (online)
JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES (JIIT)
with the educational material that is present on the
Internet and installed devices without the involvement
of their teacher.
Traditional teaching methods are becoming old-
fashioned and are slowly being discarded by various
educational institutions and some universities. They
have already started offering students voice assistants
instead of providing them with printed study materials
or websites with complex information about
information related to their campus. As an example,
Arizona State University offers Amazon's Alexa to its
new students in an effort to provide students with
more regular, concise and accurate institutional
information about their needs on campus.
Voice assistants can be used at home and in other non-
educational locations to access any learning assistance.
The main purpose of voice assistants here is to provide
answers to frequently asked questions about the
needs of the campus or about the specific schedule and
courses of each student, which helps the institution to
reduce the cost of printing a handbook that is only used
temporarily during the initial period of their joining the
institution and helps to reduce the requirement for
internal support. The use of this technology is expected
to escalate in the coming years.
As artificial intelligence becomes a rapidly growing
aspect of our daily lives, it's no wonder that education
systems are racing to catch up with the need to
cultivate more talent to support the AI growth engine.
However, education is not just about science,
technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). But
the education industry is being changed by the AI
curriculum. Intelligent systems are rapidly changing
educational institutions from elementary to higher
education, as well as adult and advanced learning, to
help people learn effectively and meet their learning
goals.
The intelligent learning system is used to stimulate
individual learning. Depending on the neural networks,
the algorithms, they can decide against an individual
student. Students are now exposed to the vast number
of higher education opportunities with the help of AI.
AI can completely lead to advanced changes in the field
of education. Robots can increase grammar power and
create digital content. Classrooms had already started
digitized learning.
The wave of investment and increased interest in
artificial intelligence will affect universities in the
future. The increase in the international student
market, the democratization of higher education and
the increase in financial pressure regarding the
increase in the number of students who want to go
through higher education will be the main reasons to
look for AI in higher education.
V. AI-BASED
SOLUTIONS
IN
EDUCATION
There are many technology solutions in the education
industry like Dream Box, Khan Academy, Achieve3000
etc .. There are several educational platforms based on
AI technology.
Third Space Learning
Little Dragon
CTI
Brainy
Thinker Math
Carnegie learning
The Third Space Learning system was created with the
help of scientists from University College London. It
helps recommend ways to improve teaching
techniques, such as giving a warning when the
teacher's explanation is slow or too fast. Little Dragon
creates smart apps that analyze the user's facial
expressions or gestures and adapt the user interface
accordingly. Little Dragon also creates educational
games for children.
Several companies such as Carnegie Learning and
Content Technology have started implementing AI for
testing, learning and feedback in the education system
from Pre-KG to college level by developing high-level
instructional design and digital platforms. An online
service called Cram101 from the company CTI uses
artificial intelligence to study textbooks and theory
papers and determine the highlights of the material
online. It also generates practice tests and flash cards
as exercises for students. Another platform, known as
Netex Learning, has dedicated itself to the application
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ISSN : 2682 – 9517 (print) ISSN : 2683 – 0 9 30 (online)
JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES (JIIT)
of new technologies in the world of learning and works
to provide digital learning in educational institutions
and companies. It encourages educators to promote
digital curricula, used audio, video and voice assistants,
etc. Technologists believe that the teacher may be
replaced by robots in the simple future. Augmented
reality will also be part of the classroom.
VI.
DEVELOPING AN AI EDUCATION PLATFORM
There are six main steps to developing an AI platform
for education.
Step 1. Explore existing solutions.
Step 2. Consider the content of the application, which
should be both interesting and interactive.
Step 3. Discuss your project requirements with the
development team.
Step 4. The application should be thoroughly and
properly tested to avoid errors.
Step 5. Promote the app and get feedback after its
launch.
Step 6. Update your app regularly.
Initially, we need to carefully analyze the existing
solutions and add new features to them so that the
user is attracted to your solution instead of others.
Explore design ideas. Users always prefer useful
content, so you can choose topics like medicine,
literature, math and more. This useful content can also
be obtained from professors in various universities or
colleges and from various sources such as courses,
training programs.
You should clarify the business objectives and
requirements of the project before developing the
project. The development team should be an
experienced team of software developers and they
should have experience in the field of artificial
intelligence. You can create a simple launch version of
your app or platform, and after taking feedback from
users and their reviews, you can regularly update your
platform, adding additional content or additional
features. An excellent user experience should be
provided to attract more users. This can happen when
there are no user complaints, and for that to happen,
we need to find and fix bugs before launching the
platform. This error correction can be performed by
qualified quality assurance engineers.
Regular platform
upgrade is required based on user feedback.
VII.
DISADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION
Despite the huge opportunities that AI offers, there can
also be some potential risks with it. AI is likely to
become either the best or the worst thing to happen
to humanity. AI can support teaching and learning, but
with the development of AI applications in higher
education, new ethical implications and risks are
emerging. One such example is that due to the ongoing
coronavirus pandemic and budget cuts, administrators
may consider replacing teaching with profitable
automated AI solutions. If the use of AI in education
increases, there may be a chance that personal
interactions will decrease and students will become
addicted to technology and sometimes this can harm
the learners instead of helping them.
Faculty members, student advisors, teaching
assistants, and administrative staff may fear that a
smart tutoring system that is an application of AI could
replace them. The AI system requires a huge amount
of data, including student and staff information, which
is confidential and leads to serious privacy issues.
Compared to the cost of installation, maintenance and
repair, AI is very expensive. Only heavily funded
educational organizations can afford to indulge in such
high technology. When this technology is relied on too
much, it can cause a lack of personal connections and
can harm users in this perspective. When something
like natural disasters or accidents happen and the AI
needs repairs, we can never know how much data is
lost.
VIII.
CONCLUSION
AI in education is a revolutionary change. According to
a report issued by the Center for Integrative Research
in Computing and Learning Sciences, it is stated that
the next level of using AI in education is yet to be
invented. So people working on AI applications need to
inform educators and education policy makers in depth
about this. Although there are several disadvantages of
using AI in the education sector, our future is AI, so the
education system should start exposing its students to
this kind of technology that has started to use some AI.
The impact of AI will be seen first in the lowest
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ISSN : 2682 – 9517 (print) ISSN : 2683 – 0 9 30 (online)
JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES (JIIT)
educational levels and gradually increase to higher
education. The ultimate impact of artificial intelligence
in education will only be determined by time. The main
purpose of AI is to facilitate the work of the teacher,
but not to replace him.
IX.
REFERENCES
[1 ] https://www.ieee.org
[2 ] https://iaied.org/about
[3]https://medium.com/towards-
artificialintelligence/artificial-intelligence-
ineducation-benefits-challenges-and-
usecases-db52d8921f7a
[4]https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1
186%2Fs41239-019-0171-0.pdf
[5]https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/906
9875
[6]https://www.teachthought.com/the-
future-of-learning/roles-for-artificial-
intelligence-in-
education/#:~:text=AIdriven%20programs%20
can%20give%20students%20and
%20educators%20helpful,the%20success%20
of%20the%20course%20as%20a%20whole
[7]https://emerj.com/ai-
sectoroverviews/examples-of-
artificialintelligence-in-education/
[8]https://www.e-pspl.com/blog/role-
ofartificial-intelligence-in-
improvingeducation-sector
[9]https://thejournal.com/articles/2020/12/0
3/report-theres-more-to-come-for-ai-
ined.aspx
[10]https://www.express-
journal.com/artificialintelligence-ai-in-
education-industrymarket-286783/
[11]https://codeinstitute.net/blog/artificialint
elligence-education/