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A review of the management of water resources in Malaysia facing climate change

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Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky at University of Technology Malaysia
Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky
Achmad Syafiuddin at Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
Achmad Syafiuddin
  • Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
Khalida Muda at University of Technology Malaysia
Khalida Muda
Abraham Yazdi Martin
Abraham Yazdi Martin
Abraham Yazdi Martin
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This paper reviewed the impacts of climate change on the management of the water sector in Malaysia discussing the current status of water resources, water service, and water-related disasters. The implementation of engineering practices was discussed to provide the detailed assessment of climate change impacts, risks, and adaptation for sustainable development. The narrative methods of reviewing the literatures were used to get an understanding on the engineering practices of water infrastructures, implication of the government policies, and several models as the main motivation behind the concept of integrated water resource management to contribute as part of the sustainable development goals to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. The findings of this review highlighted the impacts of climate change on the rivers, sea, lakes, dams, and groundwater affecting the availability of water for domestic and industrial water supplies, irrigation, hydropower, and fisheries. The impacts of climate change on the water-related disasters have been indicated affecting drought-flood abrupt alternation and water pollution. Challenges of water management practices facing climate change should be aware of the updated intensity–duration–frequency curves, alternative sources of water, effective water demand management, efficiency of irrigation water, inter-basin water transfer, and nonrevenue water. The transferability of this review findings contribute to an engagement with the society and policy makers to mobilize for climate change adaptation in the water sector.
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Vol.:(0123456789)
1 3
Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2023) 30:121865–121880
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30967-x
RESEARCH ARTICLE
A review ofthemanagement ofwater resources inMalaysia facing
climate change
MohamadAliFulazzaky1,2 · AchmadSyauddin3· KhalidaMuda2· AbrahamYazdiMartin1· ZulkiiYusop4·
NoorHishamAbGhani5
Received: 26 December 2022 / Accepted: 5 November 2023 / Published online: 14 November 2023
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023
Abstract
This paper reviewed the impacts of climate change on the management of the water sector in Malaysia discussing the cur-
rent status of water resources, water service, and water-related disasters. The implementation of engineering practices was
discussed to provide the detailed assessment of climate change impacts, risks, and adaptation for sustainable development.
The narrative methods of reviewing the literatures were used to get an understanding on the engineering practices of water
infrastructures, implication of the government policies, and several models as the main motivation behind the concept of
integrated water resource management to contribute as part of the sustainable development goals to achieve a better and more
sustainable future for all. The findings of this review highlighted the impacts of climate change on the rivers, sea, lakes, dams,
and groundwater affecting the availability of water for domestic and industrial water supplies, irrigation, hydropower, and
fisheries. The impacts of climate change on the water-related disasters have been indicated affecting drought-flood abrupt
alternation and water pollution. Challenges of water management practices facing climate change should be aware of the
updated intensity–duration–frequency curves, alternative sources of water, effective water demand management, efficiency
of irrigation water, inter-basin water transfer, and nonrevenue water. The transferability of this review findings contribute to
an engagement with the society and policy makers to mobilize for climate change adaptation in the water sector.
Keywords Climate change impact· Comprehensive water resource assessment· Integrated adaptation strategy· Water-
related disaster· Water service evaluation
Introduction
Recently, a considerable amount of the literatures has grown
up around the theme of climate change and its impact on
water resources. The global mean temperature as reported by
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is
predicted to increase by 4°C in 2100 and is facing the major
global challenges of water resource management (Mimura
2013). The challenges of supply-side water management
affected by climate change can alter the natural patterns of
drought, flood, melting glacier, sea level, and storm intensify
often with severe consequences. The challenges of demand-
side water management affected by population growth and
economic development are related to an increased demand of
water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors. The
widespread problems of water pollution caused by domestic,
industrial, and agricultural activities face an increased pres-
sure on the management of water resources and can jeopard-
ize human health and the environment.
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues
* Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky
fulazzaky@unida.ac.id; fulazzaky@gmail.com
1 School ofPostgraduate Studies, Universitas Djuanda, Jalan
Tol Ciawi No. 1, Ciawi, Bogor16720, Indonesia
2 School ofCivil Engineering, Faculty ofEngineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, (UTM) Skudai,
81310JohorBahru, Malaysia
3 Department ofPublic Health, Faculty ofHealth, Universitas
Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Jalan Raya Jemursari No. 57,
Surabaya60237, Indonesia
4 Centre forEnvironmental Sustainability andWater Security
(IPASA), Faculty ofEngineering, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia (UTM), 81310JohorBahru, Johor, Malaysia
5 Water Resources andClimate Change Research Centre,
National Hydraulic Research Institute ofMalaysia
(NAHRIM), 43300SeriKembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
... Sediment accumulation reduces storage capacity, impacts water quality, affects aquatic habitats, and increases maintenance costs, ultimately reducing the lifespan of reservoir infrastructure. These issues are prominent in tropical regions, where high rainfall and steep topography accelerate erosion and sediment transport (Lee et al., 2018;Hogeboom et al., 2018;Fulazzaky et al., 2023). Kenyir Lake Basin in Malaysia exemplifies these challenges. ...
... According to Ismail & Amin (2020) and Wahab et al. (2019), the natural physical processes such as deposition, transportation and erosion always will continue regardless of whether they are influenced by human activities or anthropogenic and natural factors along the river basin. According to Gasim et al. (2013), morphological or river planform changes (physical changes over a large area) in large river basin systems can also be major factors contributing to changes in natural sediment erosion and consequently, sediment production in the river basin (Lee et al., 2018;Hogeboom et al., 2018;Fulazzaky et al., 2023). ...
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... Furthermore, water resource management in Malaysia has traditionally been top-down, with limited involvement from local communities. This lack of community participation results in a diminished sense of collective responsibility for water conservation, ultimately reducing the effectiveness of sustainability efforts (Fulazzaky et al., 2023). According to (Abdul Rahman, 2018), public engagement in environmental issues in Malaysia remains low, contributing to a lack of awareness and responsibility toward natural resource conservation. ...
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... For example, Alvarado et al. 16 examined water management at the community level in rural areas, identifying barriers and opportunities in integrating water quality monitoring with broader management strategies. In urban contexts, Fulazzaky et al. 17 stressed the need to strengthen governance structures and water management practices to mitigate the impacts of changing precipitation patterns and extreme weather events, ensuring that urban water systems are more resilient in the face of climate change. ...
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... This concentration will increase the benefits of rent-seeking and reduce the efficiency of fisheries management systems, resulting in the deterioration of fisheries resources. Fulazzaky et al. (2023) note that in Malaysia, climate change has serious impacts on water supplies and fisheries through rivers and the ocean. In order to discuss environmental policies that can mitigate the adverse impacts that empirical studies are concerned about, it is necessary to analyse the economic and environmental impacts of such policies within the framework of the Blue Economy. ...
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The growing demand for food owing to population growth has led to an increased need for fishery resources. Governments worldwide have introduced individual transferable quota (ITQ) systems to manage the resource depletion crisis. However, grandfathered quotas are a potential rent for fisherpersons, leading to rent seeking through lobbying. This rent seeking could exacerbate the resource conservation function of the ITQ system. Even if stock levels are restored through ITQs, the fish processing industry discharges sewage during the production process, leading to resource deterioration. In the blue economy, where various economic actors are involved with the ocean, what measures should be implemented to achieve sustainable fisheries? To respond to this challenge, this study analyzes the effects of reduced catch quotas and fishing seasons on fishery resources, economic growth, and welfare in an R&D-based growth model with processed fish products, considering rent seeking for ITQs. Fish damage parameter measures the magnitude of the impact of fishing on stock deterioration. This parameter increase, catch quota reductions that initially promoted economic growth begin to harm stock recovery. Shortening the fishing season leads to a trade-off between economic growth and stock recovery and to deterioration of welfare. Hence, it is difficult to achieve a sustainable fishery by simply reducing ITQs and fishing seasons. This study suggests that, when counterintuitive measures are taken to raise the fishery damage parameter somewhat, lowering the substantial ITQ increases the likelihood of achieving a sustainable fishery.
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