Effect of Comparative Study on Chiffon and Crinkled Woven Materials using Selected Natural Dyes

Abstract

Natural dyes are biodegradable, non-toxic and non-allergenic. They are processed in a way that avoids the use of harmful chemicals during the dyeing and finishing process. They have a much lower environmental impact than synthetic dyes. As of
natural origin, natural dyes are not harmful to the environment. This makes it very appealing to the consumers. Natural dyestuffs produce rare colour ideas and are automatically harmonizing. This research was focused on to impart the selected
natural dyes to Chiffon and Crinkled cotton woven materials. The shades obtained were effective and had good mechanical and colour fastness. When subjected to antimicrobial tests for antibacterial and antifungal had exhibited excellent zones of
inhibition.

Full text

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1. Introduction
In nature, the fruit, flower and leaf of plants show various
colour from red to purple and contain various natural dyes
which can be extracted by simple procedure. Natural dyes
can be barted into three categories: natural dyes obtained
from plants, animals and minerals [1]. Natural dyes possess
positive attributes such as soft and lustrous colours to the
textile dyeing. Many of the plants used for dye extraction are
classified as medicinal and some of these have recently been
shown to possess remarkable antimicrobial activity [2]. It is
possible to obtain a full range of colours using various
mordants. That natural dyes, on the other hand are usually
less intense and more prone to bleaching due to mechanical
impact, washing or UV irradiation [3]. It is scientifically
evaluated for anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic,
la r v i c i d a l , in s e c t i c i d a l , an t i m i c r o b i a l , an x i o l y t i c ,
antidepressant, hepatoprotective, tranquilizing and sedative
property. Roots, seeds and leaves of C. ternatea are
commonly used in the ayurvedic system of medicine extracts
of this plant have been used as an ingredient in the
“Ayurvedic Medhya Rasayana” as a rejuvenating recipe used
for treatment of neurological disorders and are considered so
enhance the intellect [4]. Tecoma Stans is a naturalized in
tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceanica.
The entire palm possesses medicinal value and used for the
treatmen t of various ail ments. Its fast gro wth and
propagation rates cause it to be regarded as an invasive tree
like those in South Africa a Nambia [5]. Tea plant (Camellia
sinensis L.) is a source of tea brew which is a very refreshing
and popular drink in the world that is defined as the hot
aqueous infusion of dried leaves. The flavones present in tea
infusions, also called catechins, constitute as much as
20–30% of tea's dry matter. Terminalia chebula is called the
Effect of Comparative Study on Chiffon and Crinkled Woven
Materials using Selected Natural Dyes
Abstract
Natural dyes are biodegradable, non-toxic and non-allergenic. They are processed in a way that avoids the use of harmful
chemicals during the dyeing and finishing process. They have a much lower environmental impact than synthetic dyes. As of
natural origin, natural dyes are not harmful to the environment. This makes it very appealing to the consumers. Natural
dyestuffs produce rare colour ideas and are automatically harmonizing. This research was focused on to impart the selected
natural dyes to Chiffon and Crinkled cotton woven materials. The shades obtained were effective and had good mechanical
and colour fastness. When subjected to antimicrobial tests for antibacterial and antifungal had exhibited excellent zones of
inhibition.
Keywords: antibacterial, antifungal, chiffon, crinkled, natural dyes
Citation: Jayalakshmi I. & Uma T., “Effect of Comparative Study on Chiffon and Crinkled Woven Materials using Selected
Natural Dyes”, Journal of the Textile Association, 84/3 (162-170), (Sept-Oct'23),
Article Received: 14-05-2023, Revised: 08-07-2023, Accepted: 19-08-2023
'King of Medicine' in Tibet and is always listed at the top of
the list in Ayur-vedic Materia Medica due to its extraordinary
power of healing [6].
It has enjoyed the prime place among medicinal herbs in
India ancient times. T. Chebula (fruit) (myrobalan) is one of
the most popular Persian herbs used to improve memory
function and fruit of T. chebula contains antioxidant
ingredients, including ascorbic acid and quercetin, which are
effective against oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration
[7]. Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula extracts
against severe bacterial strain is reported in extracts from
different parts of diverse plant species of plants like roots,
flower, leaves, seeds etc [8]. Eucalyptus is a fast-growing
evergreen tree native to Australia an ingredient in many
products, it is used to reduce symptoms of coughs, colds, and
congestion. It also features in creams and ointments aimed at
relieving muscle and joint pain. Almost every part of this
plant has medicinal properties [9].
Cotton fiber is the most important natural fiber used in the
textile industry. Cotton known as "The king of Fibres"
continues to be the predominant fibre in the Indian textile
decent, despite stiff competition from the man-made
synthetic fibres [10]. The cotton fiber is made up of countless
cellulose molecules. Cotton fibers are natural hollow fibers;
they are soft and cool known as breathable and absorbent
[11]. Chiffon has a lightweight texture and a semi-mesh
weave which is what gives the fabric a chic transparent
appearance, as well as making it slightly rough to the touch.
Many sheer fabrics are fragile, thin, and delicate; thus, seam
slippage is a frequent problem that occurs in the seam line of
sewn garments [12]. Crinkle cotton is a soft and stretchy
fabric that has been treated to have a lasting textured, wrinkly
look. Crinkles in woven fabric as wrinkled from being a part
of potential aesthetic interest to the fashion or mass-market
garment industry, can be used as a detection and response
mechanism in high performance garments [13].
*CorrespondingAuthor:
Dr. Jayalakshmi.I,
Associate Professor, Department of Costume Design &
Fashion, Chikkanna Govt. Arts College, Tiruppur -641 602 TN,
E-mail: jayalakshmivijai@gmail.com
Jayalakshmi I.* & Uma T.
Department of Costume Design & Fashion, Chikkanna Govt. Arts College, Tiruppur, TN India
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2. Methodology
The methodology of the project comprises the following
steps:
2.1 Selection of Fabric
Chiffon fabric (CHº) is sheer, which means that it is light and
semi-transparent with a simple weave warp and weft are the
two basic components used in weaving to turn thread or yarn
into fabric. It is made by passing each filling yarn, over and
under each yarn, with each row alternating, producing a high
number of intersections. It has the highest number of
interlacing as compared with other weaves and therefore it
produces the firmest fabrics or some of the most durable
fabrics are made in this construction [14]. Crinkled fabric
(CRº) is a multi-layer woven fabric consists of at least two
layers, which are woven one above the other and stitched
together. The investigator selected Chiffon cloth (CHº) and
Crinkled cloth (CRº) for the study.
2.2 Selection of Dye and Mordant
Natural dyes and their use in dyeing is probably the most
ancient art environmentally friendly substitute for synthetic,
non-toxic and an alternative to synthetic dyes that are causing
irreversible damage to the planets. A mordant is any
substance which can be fixed to fabric and reacts with the dye
to produce colours on fabric. So, Natural dye and Natural
Mordants was selected for the study.
2.3 Selection of Natural Dyes
Clitoria ternatea L., the blue pea (Plate 1) flower has many
functional properties like antidiabetic properties, anti-
pro l ife r a ti v e pr o per t ies , ant i oxi d a nt p ro p e rti e s,
antimicrobial properties and anticomplusive activity.
Tecoma Stans (Plate 2) flowers showed anti-diabetic and
anti-cancer activity while roots showed antibacterial activity.
Camellia Sinensis (Fig.1) is produced by using young tea
leaves and sold for consumption without fermentation after
withering, steaming or pan firing, drying and grading. In
addition, its content minerals and vitamins increase the anti-
oxidant potential of this type of tea [15]. Hence Clitoria
Ternatea (CT), Tecoma Stans (TS) and Camellia Sinensis
(CS) were selected as natural dyes for study.
2.4 Selection of Natural Mordants
Myrobalan (M) (Plate 3) has chebulagic acid, tannic acid,
corilangin, polyphenolic compounds, triterpenoids, and
ascorbate, which found in the dried fruits can be ground into
powder and used to produce a buttery yellow dye. Eucalyptus
tree barks (Plate 4) fast-growing eucalyptus is one of the
major promising cellulose feed stocks for ethanol production
in the long term due to its high content of cellulose [16].
Myrobalan was dried in shade and powdered. Eucalyptus
bark was taken, broken into pieces, powdered and kept ready
for dyeing.
2.5 Selection of Dyeing Medium and Method of Dyeing
Aqueous medium and Fabric dyeing was selected for the
study.
2.6 Pilot Study
A Pilot study was conducted for chiffon fabric (CHº) and
crinkled cloth (CRº) using three natural dyes Ciltoria
Ternatea, Tecoma Stans and Camellia Sinensis with two
mordants Myrobalan and Eucalyptus bark.
2.6.1 Process and Dyeing Parameters for Pilot Study
In pilot study, two selected Chiffon cloth (CHº) and Crinkled
cloth (CRº) woven fabrics were subjected to three selected
Clitoria Ternatea (CT), Tecoma Stans (TS) and Camellia
Sinensis (CS) 6% natural dyes with two Myrobalan (M) and
Ecualyptus Bark (E) as natural mordants in selected 2%. The
selected dyeing parameters for the pilot study of CTMCH,
CTMCR, CTECH, CTECR, TSMCH, TSMCR , TSECH,
TSECR, CSMCH, CSMCR, CSECH, and CSECR . This was
subjected to natural dyeing using three mordanting
techniques like pre, simultaneous and post mordanting which
gave 18 samples CTMCHPR, CTMCHS, CTMCHPO,
CTECHPR, CTECHS, CTECHPO, TSMCHPR, TSMCHS,
T S MC H PO , T S E CH P R, TS E C HS , TS E CH P O,
CSMCHPR, CSMCHS, CSMCHPO, CSECHPR, CSECHS
and CSECHPO in CHº and CTMCRPR, CTMCRS,
C T M C RP O, CT E CR P R , CT E C R S , CT E C R P O,
TSMCRPR, TSMCRS, TSMCRPO, TSECRPR, TSECRS,
TS EC R PO , C SM CR PR , CS MC R S , C S M C R PO ,
CSECRPR, CSECRS and CSECRPO 18 samples in CRº
which resulted in thirty six natural dyed samples for pilot
study.
2.6.2 Selection of Natural Dyed Samples from Pilot Study
From pilot study two samples from natural dyed samples of
TSM and two samples from CSE was selected based on the
best shades of reproducibility as judged by 500 students from
Chikkanna Government Arts College, Tiruppur by showing
them the 36 natural dyed samples. The selected natural dyed
samples for the study (Fig. 2) was from Post mordanting
technique namely TSMCHPO, TSMCRPO, CSECHPO and
CSECRPO for further study.
DYEING
PLATE 1
CLITORIA TERNATEA
PLATE 2
TECOMA STANS
Fig. 1
CAMELLIA SINENSIS
PLATE 3
MYROBALAN
PLATE 4
EUCALYPTUS BARK

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2.7 Preparation of Natural Dyes and Mordants
To dye CHº, CRº grey fabrics, with the selected post
mordanting techniques for further study, desired grams of
(6%) Tecoma Stans (TS) dye powder was taken and mixed
with M:L ratio of 1:100 ml of water. This mixture was boiled
for one and half-an-hour at 50ºC-60ºC temperature for
extraction of the natural dye solution. The same process was
followed to extract the Camellia Sinensis (CS) dye solution.
When two Tecoma Stans and Camellia Sinensis natural dye
solutions were ready, they were taken and kept in two
separate baths for further process. For mordants preparation
desired grams of Myrobalan (M) and Eucalyptus bark (E)
powders of 2% each were taken and mixed in M:L ratio of
1:50 ml of water. This mordant mixture was boiled for half-
an-hour at 50ºC-60ºC temperature for the extraction of
mordant solution. The mordant solution is kept ready for
further dyeing process. Thus, two Natural Dye baths of
Tecoma Stans (TS) and Camellia Sinensis (CS) and two
mordant baths of Myrobalan (M) and Eucalyptus bark (E) for
post mordanting were kept ready for natural dyeing.
2.8 Natural Dyeing of CHo and CRo
The natural dye solutions 6% of Tecoma Stans (TS) and
Camellia Sinensis (CS) were taken separately in two baths in
M:L ratio of 1:50 for both Chiffon cloth (CHº) and Crinkled
cloth (CRº) woven materials. The Chiffon cloth (CHº) and
Crinkled cloth (CRº) woven materials which were pre-
soaked in water for good absorbency were squeezed out, for
excess water and steeped into the respective natural dye baths
Tecoma Stans (TS) and Camellia Sinensis (CS), boiled for
half-an-hour at 50ºC-60ºC temperature. After the desired
time, the natural dyed CHº and CRº with Tecoma Stans (TS)
and Camellia Sinensis (CS) were removed and partially
dried.
Now, for the mordant baths, for post mordanting, 2% natural
mordants Myrobalan (M) and Eucalyptus bark (E) bath
solutions which are kept ready, to which each of the natural
dyed CHº and CRº fabrics were steeped inside into the
respective mordant baths and boiled for 30 minutes at 50ºC-
65ºC temperature for natural post mordanting process in two
separate dye baths. After the described time of post
mordanting the dyed chiffon cloth and crinkled cloth
materials were taken, rinsed in cold water and dried in shade.
Thus four dyed fabrics TSMCHPO, TSMCRPO, CSECHPO
and CSECRPO were obtained.
2.9 Evaluation
Evaluation was carried out both subjectively and objectively.
2.10 Fabric Tests
The fabric tests are subjected to the original chiffon cloth
(CHº) and Crinkled (CRº) woven fabrics and natural dyed
TSMCHPO, TSMCRPO, CSECHPO and CSECHPO fabrics
for the following Fabric Weight, Fabric Thickness, Tensile
Strength and Elongation, Stiffness, Crease recovery, Drape,
Abrasion Resistance, Shrinkage, Water Absorbency such as
Drop Test, Colour Fastness Tests to Sunlight, Washing,
Crocking and Perspiration was done. Anti- Microbial tests
such as Anti-Bacterial test and Anti-Fungal test was also
carried out.
2.11 Anti-Microbial Tests
The four natural dyed TSMCHPO, TSMCRPO, CSECHPO
and CSECHPO fabrics were subjected to Antibacterial and
Antifungal Tests. Antimicrobial activity can be defined as a
collective term for all active principles (agents) that inhibit
the growth of bacteria, fungi prevent the formation of
microbial colonies, and may destroy microorganisms [17].
The test plates for antibacterial were examined for the clear
zone of inhibition around each control and dyed samples
separa tely for Esch erichia coli ( Plates 5 - 8 ) and
Staphylococcus aureus (Plates 9 - 12) respectively. The test
plates for antifungal were examined for the clear zone of
inhibition around each control and dyed samples separately
for Candida albicans (Plates 13 - 16) and Candida tropicalis
(Plates 17 - 20) respectively.
Figure 2: Selected samples for the Study

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2.12 Construction of Apparel
Four T-shirts were constructed for a seven year girl of 28-size
using Tie and dye techniques. The cotton woven dyed
Chiffon cloth TSMCHPO and CSECHPO material were
converted to T-shirt using sunburst of marble tie and dye
technique (Plates 21, 22). The cotton woven dyed Crinkled
cloth TSMCRPO and CSECRPO material was converted
using stripes and circles tie and dye techniques (Plates 23,
24).

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3. Results and Discussion
The results and discussion for the study is given below
3.1 Visual Evaluation of Natural Dyed Samples
The visual evaluation results show the response percent for
all the natural dyed samples. The natural dyed sample
CSEC RPO was preferred by 62 % of respo ndents,
TSMCRPO was preferred by 54 % of respondents.
CSECHPO was preferred by 50 % of respondents and
TSMCHPO was preferred by 41 % of respondents as
received by Chikkanna Government Arts College Tiruppur
students. As, these four post mordanting CSECRPO,
TSMCRPO, CSECHPO and TSMCHPO natural dyed
samples exhibited highest rating were selected for the study.
3.2 Analysis of Mechanical Tests
The average Fabric weight, Thickness, Tensile Strength and
Elongation, Stiffness, Crease recovery, Drape, Abrasion
resistance, Drop Test and Shrinkage. Colour Fastness tests to
Sunlight, Washing, Crocking and Perspiration was done.
Anti-Microbial Tests such as CSECRPO, TSMCRPO,
CSECHPO and TSMCHPO Anti-Bacterial Test and Anti-
Fungal Test was also carried out. The results for Original and
Dyed Chiffon cloth and Crinkled materials is shown in Tables
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 and Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12).,
13, 14.

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From Table 1 and Fig. 3 it shows that when means were
compared between original fabrics, CR° revealed higher
fabric weight by 1.6 g/m² whereas CHº had 0.744 g/m². When
compared within means of natural dyed four samples
CSECRPO showed highest fabric weight of 1.676 g/m²
followed by TSMCRPO 1.65 g/m² and CSECHPO 0.807
g/m². The least fabric weight was seen in TSMCHPO of
0.786 g/m². When dyed samples were noted for percent loss
or gain over original, all four natural dyed samples showed a
gain in fabric weight. The highest percent gain was noted in
CSECHPO by 8.46 % and the least percent gain of 3.12%
was noted in TSMCRPO.
From Table 2 and Fig. 4 it shows that when means were
compared between original fabrics, CR° revealed higher
fabric thickness by 0.506 mm whereas CHº had 0.388 mm.
When compared within means of natural dyed four samples
CSECRPO showed highest fabric thickness of 0.510 mm.
The least fabric thickness was seen in TSMCHPO of 0.343
mm. Whereas TSMCRPO and CSECHPO had moderate
thickness. When dyed samples were noted for percent loss or
gain over original, the highest thickness percent gain was
noted in CSECHPO by 7.21 % and the least percent gain of
0.78 % was noted in CSECRPO.
From Table 3 and Fig. 5 for warp tensile strength when means
were compared between original fabrics, CHº had the highest
82.6 kg/cm2 followed by CRº having 65.24 kg/cm2 as warp
tensile strength. When compared between means of four
natural dyed samples, CSECRPO showed highest warp
tensile strength as 72.44 kg/cm2. The least warp tensile
strength was seen in CSECHPO having 38.76 kg/cm².
Whereas TSMCHPO and TSMCRPO showed 70.32 kg/cm2
and 51.52 kg/cm2 warp tensile strength in fabrics. When
dyed samples were noted for warp tensile strength percent
loss or gain over original, the warp tensile strength 11.03
percent gain was noted in CSECRPO.
From Table 4 and Fig. 6 for warp elongation when means
were compared between original fabrics, CRº had the best
5.226 cm warp elongation followed by CHº having 6.186 cm
warp elongation. When compared between means of four
natural dyed samples, TSMCRPO showed 5.556 cm as best
warp elongation among the other three dyed samples. For
weft elongation when means were compared between
original fabrics, CHº had the best 3.642 cm weft elongation
followed by CRº having 6.056 cm weft elongation. When
compared between means of four natural dyed samples,
TSMCHPO showed 5.048 cm as best weft elongation among
the other three dyed samples. When dyed samples were noted
for warp elongation percent loss or gain over original, the
best warp elongation of 6.314 percent gain was noted in
TSMCRPO. When dyed samples were noted for weft

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elongation percent loss or gain over original, all the four
natural dyed samples exhibited a gain in weft elongation. The
best weft elongation of 4.59 percent gain was noted in
TSMCRPO.
From Table 5 and Fig. 7 for warp stiffness when compared
between means of original fabrics, CRº had the highest 2.14
cm warp stiffness followed by CHº having 1.52 cm warp
stiffness. When compared between means of four natural
dyed samples, CSECRPO having 2.18 cm as highest warp
stiffness and the least warp stiffness of 1.43 cm was seen in
TSMCHPO. For weft stiffness when compared between
means of original fabrics, CRº had the highest 2.66 cm weft
stiffness followed by CH° having 1.47 cm weft stiffness.
When compared between means of four natural dyed
samples, TSMCRPO and CSECRPO had shared equally the
highest 2.7 cm weft stiffness and the CSECHPO having 1.27
cm as least weft stiffness. When dyed samples were noted for
warp stiffness percent loss or gain over original, the highest
percent gain was noted in CSECHPO which had 10.52 % and
the least 1.83 percent gain was noted in CSECRPO. When
dyed samples were noted for weft stiffness percent loss or
gain over original, percent gain was equally shared between
TSMCRPO and CSECRPO.
From Table 6 and Fig. 8 for warp crease recovery when
compared between means of original fabrics, CHº had the
fastest crease recovery by 111º followed by CRº having 127º.
Amongst the four natural dyed materials best crease recovery
was seen in CSECRPO by 130.4º and followed by
TSMCHPO and CSECHPO having 131.4º, 131.6º crease
recovery. For weft crease recovery when compared within
original samples. CRº had the fastest recovery by 70.2°.
Between four natural dyed materials best crease recovery
was noted in TSMCHPO having 85.4º followed by
TSMCRPO and CSECRPO having 90º, 96.4º crease
recovery. When compared for percent loss or gain over
original for four natural dyed samples, all the samples
exhibited a gain in warp crease recovery. The best warp
crease recovery percent was seen in CSECRPO and
TSMCRPO had the best weft percent crease recovery.
From Table 7 and Fig. 9 it shows that when means were
compared between original fabrics, the drape was found to be
higher in CHº by 2.375 F followed by CRº having 0.011 F.
Within four natural dyed samples the drape was higher in
TSMCHPO of 1.376 F. The four samples had a loss percent in
drape.
From Table 8 and Fig. 10 it shows that when abrasion
resistance percent was compared between original fabrics,
CR° revealed higher fabric abrasion resistance by 13.8 %
whereas CH° had 22.5 %. When compared within abrasion
resistance percent of natural dyed four samples TSMCHPO
showed highest abrasion resistance of 36.12 %. The least
fabric abrasion resistance of 59.2 percent was seen in
CSECHPO. When dyed samples were noted for percent loss
or gain over original, all the four natural dyed samples
exhibited a gain in abrasion resistance. The highest percent
gain was noted as 618.11% by CSECRPO and the least
percent gain of 60.53% was noted in TSMCHPO.
From Table 9 and Fig. 11 it shows that when means were
compared between original fabrics, CRº has the highest
absorbency nature by 0.29 sec whereas CH° wetted the fabric
by 0.46 sec. When compared between means of four natural
dyed samples, TSMCHPO and CSECHPO both showed
good absorbency by 19 sec respectively.
From Table 10 and Fig. 12 for warp shrinkage when
compared between means of original fabrics, CHº had less
0.78 cm followed by CRº having 0.88 cm warp shrinkage.
When compared between means of four natural dyed
samples, CSECRPO having 0.74 cm as least warp shrinkage
and the highest warp shrinkage of 0.79 cm was seen in
TSMCRPO. For weft shrinkage when compared between
means of original fabrics, CHº had less 0.76 cm followed by
CR° having 0.84 cm weft shrinkage. When compared
between means of four natural dyed samples, CSMCHPO
having 0.73 cm as least weft shrinkage followed by
TSMCRPO and CSECRPO which shared equally of 0.79 cm
weft shrinkage and the TSMCRPO having 0.79 cm as highest
weft shrinkage. When dyed samples were noted for percent
loss or gain over original, the percent loss or gain in warp
shrinkage was noted in CSECHPO which had 7.69 %.
3.3 Analysis of Colour Fastness Tests
The result obtained for colour fastness to sunlight shows that
the colour change when analyzed for the four natural dyed
TSMCHPO, TSMCRPO, CSECHPO and CSECRPO
materials, reveal that all the four natural dyed samples had
slight change in colour. When checked for colour fastness to
washing all the four natural dyed fabrics showed no colour
change. With regard to colour staining TSMCHPO had slight
colour staining compared to the other three TSMCRPO,
CSECHPO and CSECRPO natural dyed samples. With
regard to wet crocking, all the four natural dyed samples
showed no colour change and slight colour staining was
noted in TSMCHPO whereas all the other three had no colour
staining. In dry crocking, all the samples exhibited no colour
change and colour staining. For the effect of acid and alkali
perspiration, all the fo ur na tural dyed TSMCHPO,
TSMCRPO, CSECHPO and CSECRPO samples exhibited
noticeable slight colour change and staining.
3.4 Analysis of Anti-Microbial Tests
Anitimicrobial Tests of Antibacterial and Antifungal Tests
were carried out on original and dyed Chiffon and Crinkled
fabrics.
From Fig. 13, Original control CHº, CRº fabric samples did
not show any inhibitory zones indicating the absence of
antibacterial surface finishing. TSMCRPO, CSECHPO
showed 36 mm inhibitory zones each respectively and
TSMCHPO, CSECRPO showed 35 mm and 34 mm
inhibitory zones against test bacteria Escherichia coli.
Wh ereas T S MCRPO , C S ECRPO had 36 mm each
respectively and TSMCHPO had 35 mm, CSECHPO had 34

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Sept-Oct, 2023 Volume 84 No. 3
DYEING
mm inhibition zones were found in Staphylococcus aureus.
All the four natural dyed samples had good inhibitory zones
against bacteria.
From Fig. 14, original control CHº, CR° fabric samples did
not show any inhibitory zones indicating the absence of
antifungal surface finishing. TSMCRPO, TSMCHPO,
CSECHPO and CSECRPO had 33 mm, 32 mm, 31 mm and
30 mm inhibitory zones against test fungi Candida Albicans.
Candida Tropicalis showed TSMCHPO, TSMCRPO,
CSECRPO, CSECHPO had 33 mm, 32 mm, 32 mm and 31
mm inhibitory zones. All the four natural dyed samples had
good inhibitory zones against fungi.
4. Summary and Conclusion
Environmentally safe products are gaining popularity in
recent years, so it has become extremely important for textile
chemists and colourists to find eco-friendly ways of
producing colours for textiles [18]. The four natural dyed
TSMCHPO, TSMCRPO, CSECHPO and CSECRPO
samples exhibited good shades. The mechanical tests
conducted on these natural dyed fabrics revealed that they
had good strength and drape, best abrasion resistance, crease
recovery and stiffness. The natural dyed samples showed
good water absorbency in drop test and shrinkage test. The
natural dyed samples showed best colour fastness to sunlight,
washing, wet crocking. dry crocking and perspiration. The
antibacterial and antifungal test results of natural dyed
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[2] Chengaiah B, Mallikarjuna Rao K, Mahesh Kumar K, Alagusundaram M, Madhusudhana Chetty, "Medicinal Important
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