One of the greatest common pregnancy-related problems is anemia. Haemoglobin (Hb) is influenced by normal physiological changes during pregnancy and either has an absolute or relative decrease in concentration. Iron deficiency anemia, which affects about 75% of pregnant women, and deficiency of folate megaloblastic anemia, which affects more pregnant women with poor diets and who do not take prenatal iron and folate supplements. Both the mother and the developing baby might experience adverse effects from severe anemia. Low haemoglobin levels, less than 6 g/dl, are linked to anemia and a poor pregnancy outcome. Fetal deaths, low birth weight, spontaneous abortions, and prematurity are all consequences of chronic maternal anemia. However, fetal hemoglobin concentration does not appear to be significantly affected by a small moderate to severe iron deficit. Lower limits for Hb concentration are advised to be 11 g/dl in the late first trimester and 10 g/dl in both the second and third trimesters. Iron supplementation is required in an iron-deficient state, and follow-up is advised for diagnosing iron-unresponsive anemia.
