Trends in Accounting Practices Among Street Hawkers in Dinajpur District
Abstract
The major goal of this study was to ascertain whether there was a significant correlation between changes in accounting practices and the demographics of Dinajpurdistricts street hawkers. 54 street hawkers of different ages, both male and female, responded. For this investigation, a self-administered questionnaire was used. Data was gathered using in-person interviews. Data were analyzed using chi-square, frequency, and mean. The level of significance for the alpha was fixed at .05. The corresponding percentages for men and women were 68.5 and 31.5, respectively. 37 percent of them reported having completed elementary school. This shows that the street economy is being driven by primary schooling. 27 percent of hawkers are between the ages of 31 and 40, and 55.6 percent have been working as hawkers for more than five years. The respondent profile indicates that there was no discernible correlation between street hawkers' accounting practices. According to the research, accounting practice is not influenced by factors such as age, gender, education level, or years of experience.
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Street vending is a form of informal economy. The main participants of street vending economy consist of exploited workers, rural-urban migrants who are in low level of socioeconomic households, common workers, and some individual households. Most of the studies and articles have explored how to regulate the street vending economy and how to facilitate the relationship between vendors and city authorities, but the important constitute of street vending economies, rural migrants, has received little attention from scholars and there is little research about it. What role does street vending economy play in the lives of this segment of this population which itself faces a number of challenges in migrating and integrating into the city? We have found out that street vending functions as a platform which helps these people to better integrate into the cities. Through desktop research and case studies, this paper explores how street vending economy helps rural to urban migrants integrate into the city from four perspectives: identity integration, integrating in economic level, integrating in social level, and females' empowerment.
The study sought to investigate the nature and operations of street food vendors in the high density suburbs of Harare in Zimbabwe. Data were collected through in-depth personal interviews, direct observations and documentary reviews so as to triangulate the evidence. Sixty semi-structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-economic and technical data pertaining to street food vending. The study revealed that street food vending, far from being a hindrance to progress and sustainable development, is in fact the basis of a street economy which is people friendly. Street food vendors were observed in most public and private places including industrial and construction sites, hospitals, schools, sporting stadia, bus termini, church buildings, shopping and commercial centres, pavements, open spaces and along streets in the High Density Suburbs. Street food vending survived not merely because it was an important source of employment but because it provided urban dwellers with inexpensive and varied indigenous meals. This significant contribution was unfortunately ignored by the City of Harare and national police because more often than not street food vending was considered illegal activity and street food vendors were treated as criminals. The study recommended that government should recognise street food industry through legislation and introduction of a code of practice for street food vendors. As a first step towards recognition, street food vendors should constitute themselves into well organised associations which would enable them to develop code of practice for their businesses or constitute a forum for interaction with the City of Harare. Future research should focus on quantifying the consumption of street foods in Harare and their economic benefits.
Keywords: Harare; high density suburb; informal economy; street food; street food vendor
This study aims to analyse (1) Semarang City Government policies in managing and empowering
street vendors, (2) implementation of local regulations in managing and empowering street vendors,
and (3) the impact of implementing policies in structuring and empowering street vendors. for their
welfare. This research uses a qualitative approach and case studies and research takes place in South
Batan and Penggaron. Data taken from observations, interviews, and literature studies. The results
of the study were analyzed with qualitative analysis techniques from Miles & Huberman and
Creswell. From the research analysis and field findings, the following results were obtained. First,
the Semarang City Government manages and empowers Street Vendors by referring to regional
regulation No. 11 of 2000. Second, the structuring policy carried out by the city government only
focuses on the implementation of relocation and elimination of business locations. Empowerment
activities managed by the government are facilitating access to capital, business facilitation
assistance, trade facilities, institutional development, and limited promotion through creative
product exhibitions. Third, the policies on structuring and empowering street vendors have direct
and indirect impacts on the welfare of street vendors, especially in South Batan. Based on the results
of the study it is recommended that the arrangement of street vendors be carried out by taking into
account the interests of the community of road access and also paying attention to the future of street
vendors.
Street vending is pervasive across the globe, especially in developing nations. It is a significant activity related to the informal sector in urban areas. In India, the Largest concentration of street vendors in Mumbai has 0.25 million , followed by Kolkata is having 0.2 million street vendors. This informal activity offers employment opportunities and livelihoods for urban weak, but the urban local authorities consider it to be an illegal activity. As per National Policy on the Urban Street Vendor, 2004 and 2009, Model Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihoods and Regulation of Street Vending) Bill, 2009-some initiatives are taken by the government. Other agencies, such as NASVI and SEWA, have played significant roles in encouraging suppliers to develop policies for street vendors.The paper discusses a survey conducted in the SouthEast administrative zone of Surat city administered by the municipal corporation. It was about understanding the perception and the extent of the street vending activity in the zone. The findings from the questionnaire-based survey are exciting and reveal many untold facts about the ground situation.
This study aimed to determine the significant relationship of the level of accounting practices of street food vendors in Davao City and demographic profile. Respondents were 30 street food operators; male and female of different ages. The researchers employed a descriptive-quantitative design and developed a validated, self-construct questionnaire as instrument. The sampling technique used was random. Data were gathered through survey and personal interview. The statistical treatments used were frequency, mean and chi-square. The alpha was set at.05 level of significance. Results revealed that the ratio of male to female vendors was 33 and 67 percent, of whom 47 percent have attained secondary education, which suggests that women and high school graduates are becoming prevalent players in street economy. The mean scores for age and years in street vending were 30 and two years respectively; inferring that most of street operators are in mid-twenties and are relatively young in the business. The study found out that there is no significant relationship on the level of accounting practices among street food vendors when analysed according to profile. The study proposes that age, sex, educational attainment and years in business are not determinants of accounting practices.
Street vendors play a significant role to fulfill the demands of urban dwellers in Dhaka – the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. This paper attempts to gain insight into the businesses of street vendors as well as their impacts on our society. A large number of people are directly and indirectly engaged with this profession and are contributing to the economy of Bangladesh. Three ideas constitute the central message of this study. Firstly, a large number of people are generating income through street vending which helps them and their families. Secondly, street vendors are a source of employment as they occupy a large part of informal sector in Dhaka city. Thirdly, street vendors offer intense services for the city dwellers within reasonable cost range. But because of street vendors, some unfavorable effects are also visible such as lack of formalization and weak management system, which create problems in urban areas by producing street garbage and gathering crowd on the footpath. By the implementation of proper public management system, street vendors would become a role model for urban dwellers of Dhaka city
Since Vietnam’s doi moi (‘‘Renovation’’) reforms of 1986, the nation’s nominally communist political economy now permits a domestic free market, private ownership, and participation in international free trade. Some epiphenomena of doi moi—urbanization, tourism, and the burgeoning informal economy—were brought into view this summer during a state campaign to rationalize urban space by eliminating street vending from several sectors of Hanoi. As Regina Austin points out in her discussion of African American street vendors in Philadelphia: ‘‘Cities have a long history of trying to drive vendors from the streets or to restrict their access’’ (Austin 1994, p. 2121). Contests over informal trade in the public sphere are not new, globally or in Hanoi, but each struggle is uniquely shaped by local history, political economic forces, and ideological contests. In this brief discussion, I inquire what is at stake materially and symbolically in the Hanoi government’s ban on street vending.
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