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The Pan-European Cellular System
... The HLR/VLR architecture allows the system to page a mobile terminal within a subset of the system called a paging area (PA), whose size is less than or equal to that of an LA. All the popular existing PCS networks such as Pan-European Digital Celluar (GSM) [9] and North American Digital Celluar (IS-54) [21] employ the HLR/VLR architecture [15]. ...
... Let be the average number of VLR location updates per call arrival. Then the cost of VLR location updates is (9) Without loss of generality, suppose that the mobile terminal resides in the LA when the previous phone call arrived. The average number of location updates in VLRs per call arrival is expressed as follows: (10) where is the average number of location updates in VLRs with movement-based location update scheme when mobile terminal receives the next phone call in the th LA . ...
Location management is a key issue in personal communication service (PCS) networks. Performance analysis plays important roles in the implementation of location management methods and system design in PCS networks. Existing PCS networks have the home location registers (HLRs) and visitor location registers (VLRs) architecture for location management. Some interesting dynamic location management methods are proposed to improve the system performance of PCS networks. However, the existing performance analysis of the dynamic location management methods are too simple and not available for PCS networks with real HLR/VLR architecture. One of the reasons is the complexity and difficulty of the problem. In this paper, we challenge the problem and successfully establish a new analytical model available for the analysis of the important dynamic movement-based location management method for PCS networks.
In this paper, a dynamic HLR (home location register) scheme for location management in PCS (personal communications service) networks is presented. The proposed scheme provides a dynamic copy of mobile terminal location information in the nearest (current) HLR database. A modified table lookup procedure is also proposed for determining the current HLR easily. It allows the location registration and call delivery to be performed efficiently. An analytical model is developed for studying the performance of the proposed scheme. The performance study shows that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the system overhead for location management in PCS networks.
This paper presents a dynamic database management method for
location management of personal communications service (PCS) networks.
The proposed method provides dynamics copies of user location
information in the nearest home location register (HLR) database, which
allows mobile users to access the system efficiently
Following the launch of the Pan-European digital mobile radio (GSM) system its salient features are surnrnarised in this tutorial review [I, 81. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) with eight users per carrier is used at a multi-user rate of 27 1 kbit/s, demanding a channel equaliser to combat dispersion. The error protected chip-rate of the full-rate traffic channels is 22.8 kbitls, while in half-rate channels is 11.4 kbitls. There are two speech traffic channels, five different-rate data traffic channels and 14 various control and signalling channels to support the system's operation. A moderately complex, 13 kbitls Regular Pulse Excited speech codec with long term predictor (LTP) is used, combined with an embedded three-class error correction codec and multi-layer interleaving to provide sensitivity-matched unequal error protection for the speech bits.An overall speech delay of 57.5 ms is maintained. Slow frequency hopping at 217 hops/s yields substantial performance gains for slowly moving pedestrians.
Having considered the mapping of logical traffic and control channels onto physical channels, speech and error correction coding, interleaving as well as the TDMA hierarchy and syn- chronisation problems in Part I of this contribution, here mainly transmission issues are addressed (I - 61 and some performance figures are provided. Constant envelope partial response Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) with a channel spacing of 200 kHz is deployed to support 125 duplex channels in the 890 - 91 5MHz uplink and 935 - 960 MHz downlink bands, respectively. At a transmission rate of 271 kbitls 1.35 bitlslHz spectral efficiency is achieved. The controlled GMSK-induced and un-controlled channel-induced inter-symbol interferences are removed by the channel equaliser. The set of standardised wide-band GSM channels is introduced in order to pro- vide bench-markers for performance comparisons. Efficient power budgeting and minimum co- - - channel interferences are ensured by the combination of adaptive power- and handover-control based on weighted averaging of up to eight uplink and downlink system parameters. Discontinu- ous transmissions (DTX) assisted by reliable spectral-domain voice activity detection (VAD) and comfort-noise insertion further reduce interferences and power consumption. Due to ciphering, no unprotected information is sent via the radio link. As a result, spectrally efficient, high-quality mo- bile communications with a variety of services and international roaming is possible in cells of up to 35km radius for signal to noise- and interference-ratios in excess of 10 - 12 dBs.
Following the launch of the Pan-European digital mobile radio (GSM) system its salient features are summarised in this tutorial review [1,8]. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) with eight users per carrier is used at a multi-user rate of 271 kbit/s, demanding a channel equaliser to combat dispersion. The error protected chip-rate of the full-rate traffic channels is 22.8 kbit/s, while in half-rate channels is 11.4 kbit/s. There are two speech traffic channels, five different-rate data traffic channels and 14 various control and signalling channels to support the system's operation. A moderately complex, 13 kbit/s Regular Pulse Excited speech codec with long term predictor (LTP) is used, combined with an embedded three-class error correction codec and multi-layer interleaving to provide sensitivity-matched unequal error protection for the speech bits. An overall speech delay of 57.5 ms is maintained. Slow frequency hopping at 217 hops/s yields substantial performance gains for slowly moving pedestrians.
Mobile radio communications technology has progressed rapidly and it is now capable of the transmission of voice, data and image signals. This new edition explains the latest techniques employed in second and third generation systems. A comprehensive all-in-one mobile communication reference work, Mobile Radio Communications. Second Edition reflects the current state-of-the-art by featuring:
Expanded and updated sections on voice compression techniques, interleaving and channel coding methods, quaternary frequency shift keying, continuous phase modulation methods, Viterbi equalisation and slow frequency hopping as well as extended coverage of the GSM system.
Three new chapters on wireless multimedia, third generation systems and on WATM respectively.
As in the first edition, this edition continues to cover important topics such as radio propagation, multiple access methods and, on a higher level, cordless telecommunications and teletraffic issues. This book will prove invaluable to mobile communication engineers, designers, researchers and students in the design, operation and research of second and third generation systems and wireless LANs.
- R Steele
- Ed
Steele, R. Ed., Mobile Radio Communications, IEEE Press–Pentech Press, London, 1992.