Article

Actual Distributions and Validity of Petroleuciscus spp., with the Range Extension and Length-Weight Relationship Data in Case of Petroleuciscus ninae

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Abstract

The genus Petroleuciscus was known from the Marmara, Aegean, and Black Sea drainages, as well as southeast Anatolia and Iran. However, studies conducted in recent years have suggested that the species described in southeast Anatolia and Iran belong to different genera. The results and recommendations of these studies were evaluated. On the other hand, in the scope of this study, the taxonomic status and length-weight relationship of several Petroleuciscus ninae populations in Western Anatolia were evaluated. The morphological comparisons revealed that Tahtalı Reservoir, Küçük Menderes and Sarıçay rivers, and Acıgöl Lake`s Petroleuciscus populations recorded as Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus in all previous studies belong to P. ninae which was known only from the type locality Akçay Stream. In addition, the length-weight relationship of P. ninae in the lakes Akgöl and Belevi, Lake Acıgöl, stream Akçay, Sarıçay River, an inflow of Yenişehir Reservoir and inflow of Tahtalı Reservoir were studied. The following research considers some first records and comprehensive information on the length-weight relationship of P. ninae in the Western Anatolia water resources. In study, the constant b changed from 3.101 to 3.389 (Akçay Stream) in all the sampling locations. It is expected that the results of this research might support the conservation of this species and contribute knowledge of its taxonomic status.

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... A number of studies have recently been conducted in Türkiye on the relationship between length and body weight of fish (e.g. Kurtul, Sarı 2020a;2020b;Ofluoğlu et al. 2021;Güçlü, Küçük 2021;Çiçek et al. 2022b;2022a;Seçer et al. 2022;Kurtul et al. 2023;Kaya et al. 2024b). The information from the acquired data is fundamentally important, however, data for the three endemic genera, Oxynoemacheilus, Seminemacheilus, and Cobitis, in their native habitats in Anatolia are still lacking. ...
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... However, our morphologic features of our materials completely overlap with the diagnostic characters of P. ninae provided by Turan et al. (2018). Moreover, Küçük Menderes Petroleuciscus populations were recently confirmed to be P. ninae (Kaya et al. 2024). Besides, the Cobitis populations of the river were recognised as Cobitis fahireae in both studies. ...
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A B S T R A C T. - A more accurate assessment of the true diversity within the genus S q u a l i u s on the Iberian Peninsula was made using morphological and molecular characters. A phylogenetic analysis based on the complete sequence of the mito- chondrial cytochrome b gene was used to reveal monophyletic groups that had the suf ficient evolutionary significance to be regarded as new species. On the basis of genetic and morphological characters, Mediterranean populations from eastern and southern Spain that, in the past, were included in Squalius pyre n a i c u s are herein described as two new species. S q u a l - ius valentinus sp. nov., the new eastern Spanish species, inhabits the Mijares, Turia, Júcar, Serpis, Bullent, Gorg o s , Guadalest, Monebre (Verde), and Vinalopo basins as well as the Albufera de Valencia Lagoon. It is distinguished from S. p y re n a i c u s by a combination of morphometric, meristic and genetic characters, such as a wide caudal peduncle, low num- ber of scales (8-9/35-39/3), large fourth and fifth infraorbital bones, pointed anterior process of the maxilla, frontal bone widen in the middle, large and narrow urohyal, robust lower branch of the pharyngeal bone. Divergence distances of the cytochrome b in S. valentinus sp. nov. are p = 0.021-0.032 with respect to S. pyre n a i c u s. In addition, S. valentinus sp. nov. has two diagnostic loci to nuclear molecular markers (IDHP-2 and IDHP-3). Squalius malacitanussp. nov., the new south- ern Spanish species, inhabits the Guadalmina, Guadaiza and Guadiaro basins in Málaga Province, in southern Spain. S. m a l a c i t a n u s sp. nov. is distinguished from S. pyre n a i c u s by a combination of morphometric, meristic and genetic charac- ters, such as narrow caudal peduncle, and high number of scales (7-8/39-43/3). The fourth and fifth infraorbitals are larg e and the anterior process of the maxilla is not pointed. Frontal bone is not wider in the middle. The urohyal is short and wide and the lower branch of the pharyngeal bone is thin. Divergence distances of the cytochrome b in S. malacitanus sp. nov. are p = 0.078-0.086 with respect to S. pyre n a i c u s. The distribution range of S. pyre n a i c u s currently includes the Ebro, J ú c a r, Segura, Guadalfeo, Guadalhorce, Vé lez, Guadalquivir, Tinto, Odiel, Piedras, Guadiana, Alportel, Sado, Sorraia, Tajo, Colares, Samarra, Sizandro, Grande, Lis and San Pedro basins.
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We present the relationships between total (TL), fork (FL) and standard (SL) length for 37 fish species and the relationships between TL and wet weight for 40 fish species from the Aegean Sea (Cyclades; Greece). The relationships between TL, FL and SL were all linear (for all cases: r2 > 0.928). The values of the exponent b of the length–weight relationships ranged from 2.235 to 3.704.
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Leuciscinae is a subfamily belonging to the Cyprinidae fish family that is widely distributed in Circum-Mediterranean region. Many efforts have been carried out to deciphering the evolutionary history of this group. Thus, different biogeographical scenarios have tried to explain the colonization of Europe and Mediterranean area by cyprinids, such as the "north dispersal" or the "Lago Mare dispersal" models. Most recently, Pleistocene glaciations influenced the distribution of leuciscins, especially in North and Central Europe. Weighing up these biogeographical scenarios, this paper constitutes not only the first attempt at deciphering the mitochondrial and nuclear relationships of Mediterranean leuciscins but also a test of biogeographical hypotheses that could have determined the current distribution of Circum-Mediterranean leuciscins. A total of 4439 characters (mitochondrial + nuclear) from 321 individuals of 176 leuciscine species rendered a well-supported phylogeny, showing fourteen main lineages. Analyses of independent mitochondrial and nuclear markers supported the same main lineages, but basal relationships were not concordant. Moreover, some incongruence was found among independent mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies. The monophyly of some poorly known genera such as Pseudophoxinus and Petroleuciscus was rejected. Representatives of both genera belong to different evolutionary lineages. Timing of cladogenetic events among the main leuciscine lineages was gained using mitochondrial and all genes data set. Adaptations to a predatory lifestyle or miniaturization have superimposed the morphology of some species. These species have been separated into different genera, which are not supported by a phylogenetic framework. Such is the case of the genera Pseudophoxinus and Petroleuciscus, which real taxonomy is not well known. The diversification of leuciscine lineages has been determined by intense vicariant events following the paleoclimatological and hydrogeological history of Mediterranean region. We propose different colonization models of Mediterranean region during the early Oligocene. Later vicariance events promoted Leuciscinae diversification during Oligocene and Miocene periods. Our data corroborate the presence of leuciscins in North Africa before the Messinian salinity crisis. Indeed, Messinian period appears as a stage of gradually Leuciscinae diversification. The rise of humidity at the beginning of the Pliocene promoted the colonization and posterior isolation of newly established freshwater populations. Finally, Pleistocene glaciations determined the current European distribution of some leuciscine species.
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Although now over 100 years old, the classification of climate originally formulated by Wladimir Köppen and modified by his collaborators and successors, is still in widespread use. It is widely used in teaching school and undergraduate courses on climate. It is also still in regular use by researchers across a range of disciplines as a basis for climatic regionalisation of variables and for assessing the output of global climate models. Here we have produced a new global map of climate using the Köppen-Geiger system based on a large global data set of long-term monthly precipitation and temperature station time series. Climatic variables used in the Köppen-Geiger system were calculated at each station and interpolated between stations using a two-dimensional (latitude and longitude) thin-plate spline with tension onto a 0.1°×0.1° grid for each continent. We discuss some problems in dealing with sites that are not uniquely classified into one climate type by the Köppen-Geiger system and assess the outcomes on a continent by continent basis. Globally the most common climate type by land area is BWh (14.2%, Hot desert) followed by Aw (11.5%, Tropical savannah). The updated world Köppen-Geiger climate map is freely available electronically at http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/????.
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In this study, fish samples were collected from 7 large river systems (Iyidere, Güneysu, Büyükdere, Melyat, Fırtına, Yeşil and Çağlayan) between April 2004 and April 2014 in order to reveal the fish fauna of the Rize Province. As a result of this study 14 species (Lampetra lanceolata, Salmo coruhensis, Salmo rizeensis, Alburnoides fasciatus, Alburnus derjugini, Barbus escherichii, Capoeta banarescui, Chondrostoma colchicum, Rutilus frisii, Squalius sp., Cobitis splendens, Mugil cephalus, Liza aurata, Ponticola rizensis) belonging to 5 ordo (Petromyzoniformes, Salmoniformes, Cypriniformes, Mugiliformes, Perciformes) and 6 families (Petromyzonidae, Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, Cobitidae, Mugilidae, Gobiidae) were determined.
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The generic position of Leuciscus kurui Bogutskaya, 1995 is reviewed through a comparison of morphological and molecular characters (COI). The molecular data place L. kurui in Alburnus, close to Alburnus timarensis from the Lake Van basin. Alburnus kurui (Bogutskaya) is distinguished from this species by lacking a ventral keel and possessing both a very low number of gill rakers and midlateral scales. Alburnus selcuklui, from the upper Tigris drainage, cannot be distinguished from the widespread A. sellal and is therefore treated as a synonym of this species. Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli, 2018 is a junior secondary homonym of A. kurui (Bogutskaya, 1995) and A. carianorum is proposed as its replacement name. Several specimens of Alburnus caeruleus and Alburnus heckeli shared the same haplotypes as some A. sellal and therefore these species cannot always be distinguished by mitochondrial molecular characters. Alburnus caeruleus and A. heckeli are treated as valid species. Other individuals of A. caeruleus have haplotypes very different from A. sellal, and A. heckeli is well distinguished from A. sellal by having more gill rakers. The Lake Van basin as a separate freshwater ecoregion and the treatment of several species of Alburnus in synonymy of A. mento are discussed.
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Petroleuciscus ninae sp. nov. is described from the Büyük Menderes River drainage. The new species is distinguished by having a black lateral stripe from head to base of caudal fin, stripe distinct anteriorly and posteriorly, wider than eye diameter; numerous black pigments on anal-fin rays; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 27–30% standard length (LS); head width at posterior margin of eye 16–19% LS; and eye diameter smaller than snout length. Petroleuciscus ninae is also distinguished from other species in adjacent waters by having six fixed diagnostic nucleotide substitutions in the mitochondrial DNA coI barcode region.
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The taxonomic status of five nominal species of cyprinid fishes from the Middle East is reviewed by applying morphological and molecular (COI) characters. Alburnus populations from the Iranian Lake Namak basin, the Zayandeh River drainage and the upper Karun River drainage are identified as A. doriae. Petroleuciscus esfahani, from the Zayandeh River, as well as Alburnus amirkabiri, from the Lake Namak basin, are synonyms of A. doriae. Molecular data support treating Alburnus mossulensis and A. sellal as a single species. As First Revisers we give precedence to A. sellal over A. mossulensis.
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Fish fauna in the Çoruh River was studied. Samples were collected during September 2001 to May 2014 at 21 locations throughout the river drainage in Turkish territory. In total 510 specimens belonging to 5 families and 16 species were collected. Four species (Phoxinus colchicus, Cyprinus carpio, Gobio cf. caucasicus, and Silurus glanis) were recorded for the first time for this river and two species (Phoxinus colchicus, Barbus rionica) were new for Turkish ichtyofauna. © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey.
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Length–length and length–weight relationships were studied for four endemic Cyprinid species from the Küçük Menderes River Basin located in the Western Anatolian region of Turkey. Fish were sampled from Tahtalı and Beydağı reservoirs, Bulgurca, Şaşal and Azmak streams during 2013–2014, using multimesh gillnets in the reservoirs and by electrofishing in the streams. First records of length–weight relationships for Barbus pergamonensis Karaman, 1971, Squalius kosswigi (Karaman, 1972) and Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus (Boulenger, 1896) are reported in addition to three new maximum total lengths for Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger, 1896), Squalius kosswigi (Karaman, 1972) and Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus (Boulenger, 1896).
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A number of regression situations in fish and fishery biology are examined, in which both of the variates are subject to error of measurement, or inherent variability, or both. For most of these situations a functional regression line is more suitable than the ordinary predictive regressions that have usually been employed, so that many estimates now in use are in some degree biased. Examples are (1) estimation of the exponent in the weight:length relationship, where almost all published values are somewhat too small; and (2) estimating the regression of logarithm of metabolic rate on log body weight of fish, where the best average figure proves to be 0.85 rather than 0.80. In the very common situation where the distribution of the variates is non-normal and open-ended, a functional regression is the most appropriate one even for purposes of prediction. Two ways of estimating the functional regression are (1) from arithmetic means of segments of the distribution, when computed symmetrically; and (2) from the geometric mean of one predictive regression and the reciprocal of the other. The GM regression gives a more accurate estimate when it is applicable; it is appropriate in all situations where the variability is mainly inherent in the material (little of it due to errors of measurement), or where the measurement variances are approximately proportional to the total variance of each variate; and it is the best estimate available for short series with moderate or large variability even when neither of these conditions applies. When error in X results solely from the measuring process the predictive regression of Y on X is also the functional regression if observations of X are not taken at random but rather have pre-established values, as is usual in experimental work. The uses of the various regressions are summarized in Table 8.
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Length–weight relationships (LWR) were estimated for Acanthobrama mirabilis, Barbus pectoralis, Chondrostoma meandrense, Capoeta bergamae, Silurus glanis, Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus and Cyprinus carpio from the Kemer reservoir in western Anatolia, Turkey. This study is the first reference on length–weight parameters for five of these species.
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This study presents a historical review, a meta-analysis, and recommendations for users about weight–length relationships, condition factors and relative weight equations. The historical review traces the developments of the respective concepts. The meta-analysis explores 3929 weight–length relationships of the type W = aLb for 1773 species of fishes. It shows that 82% of the variance in a plot of log a over b can be explained by allometric versus isometric growth patterns and by different body shapes of the respective species. Across species median b = 3.03 is significantly larger than 3.0, thus indicating a tendency towards slightly positive-allometric growth (increase in relative body thickness or plumpness) in most fishes. The expected range of 2.5 < b < 3.5 is confirmed. Mean estimates of b outside this range are often based on only one or two weight–length relationships per species. However, true cases of strong allometric growth do exist and three examples are given. Within species, a plot of log a vs b can be used to detect outliers in weight–length relationships. An equation to calculate mean condition factors from weight–length relationships is given as Kmean = 100aLb−3. Relative weight Wrm = 100W/(amLbm) can be used for comparing the condition of individuals across populations, where am is the geometric mean of a and bm is the mean of b across all available weight–length relationships for a given species. Twelve recommendations for proper use and presentation of weight–length relationships, condition factors and relative weight are given.
Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi İçsularının Balık Faunası
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İlhan, A., & Balık, S. (2008). Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi İçsularının Balık Faunası. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 25, 75-82. [in Turkish]
Length-weight relationships of fish species in Marmara Lake
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İlhan, A., & Sarı, H.M. (2015). Length-weight relationships of fish species in Marmara Lake, West Anatolia, Turkey. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 73(1), 30-32. https://doi.org/10.14798/73.1.784
Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof
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Kottelat, M., & Freyhof, J. (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin, xiv + 646.
Length-Weight Relationships of Paraphanius similis in Mamasin and Seyhan Reservoirs (Turkey). The Black Sea Journal of
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Kurtul, I., & Sarı, H.M. (2020b). Length-Weight Relationships of Paraphanius similis in Mamasin and Seyhan Reservoirs (Turkey). The Black Sea Journal of Sciences, 10(2), 336-345. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.783662
1810) population distributed in Lake Bafa (Aydın)
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Risso, 1810) population distributed in Lake Bafa (Aydın). The Black Sea Journal of Sciences, 11(1), 29-40. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.831737
Population biology of common pandora Pagellus erythrinus (Pisces: Sparidae) of the Canary Islands
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Pajuelo, J.G., & Lorenzo, J.M. (1998). Population biology of common pandora Pagellus erythrinus (Pisces: Sparidae) of the Canary Islands. Fisheries Research, 36, 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(98)00110-6
Weight-length relationships for 39 fish species from the NorthEastern Mediterranean Coast of Turkey
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Sangun, L., Akamca, E., & Akar, M. (2007). Weight-length relationships for 39 fish species from the NorthEastern Mediterranean Coast of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7, 37-40.