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The Expressive Organization: Linking Identity, Reputation, and the Corporate Brand
Abstract
This book challenges current beliefs about organizational identity, reputation, and branding. It contains a wealth of new ideas for finding the elusive answers to questions troubling contemporary organizations. How does an organization create a strong reputation? What are the implications of corporate branding on organizational structures and processes? How do organizations discover their identities? These are some of the vexing problems addressed in this book by a diverse international team of contributors. According to the authors, the future lies with 'the expressive organization'. Such organizations not only understand their distinct identity and their brands, but are also able to express these externally and internally. In order to thrive in an era of transparency and customer choice, the authors argue, organizations will have to be expressive.
... Algunos de los autores más importantes relacionados con la RC (Sanz de la Tajada, 1994;Fombrun, 1996;Schultz, Hatch & Larsen, 2000;Argenti & Forman, 2002;Alsop, 2004;Hannington, 2006;Álvarez, 2008;Firestein, 2009;Doorley & García, 2011;Earl & Waddington 2012), coinciden en aspectos determinantes, lo que permite un análisis mucho más fluido. Bajo estas consideraciones, se relacionan aquellos autores que han ofrecido su propia definición de RC (Tabla 1). ...
... Al igual que lo sucedido con otros conceptos relacionados con la marca, la identidad ha sido estudiada por múltiples disciplinas y ha generado lo que se ha denominado la torre de Babel en la investigación de la identidad (Hatch & Schultz, 2000). Para corroborar este hecho, Villafañe (1999) asegura que la identidad corporativa es "una noción lo suficientemente simple como para que resulte difícil de explicar la cantidad de significaciones extrañas que en los últimos años se le han asociado" (p. ...
... 29). Hatch & Schultz (2000) "Se refiere a cómo una organización se expresa y se diferencia en relación a sus grupos de interés" 17 (p. 13). ...
En este libro, en particular, se hacen análisis relevantes sobre la Reputación corporativa y se presentan elementos para comprender por qué interesa y preocupa tanto a muchos, en las organizaciones y en la academia. Concierne a los responsables de la comunicación, pero también a la gerencia, a las áreas de responsabilidad social, financiera, desarrollo humano o de planeación; a personas y grupos de interés de fuera de las organizaciones, a la par que a quienes tenemos la misión de trabajar en la formación profesional en este campo de estudios.
... basic assumptions). Within the field of organisational identity, scholars such as Dutton and Dukerich (1991) and Hatch and Schultz (2000) have made similar distinctions between different perceptions of identity constructed by insiders and outsiders. Balmer and Soenen (1999) and later Hatch and Schultz (2000) have similarly generated a range of corporate identities from actual to ideal identity based on the recognition that how people act in organisations does not always correspond with their stated intentions or aspirations. ...
... Within the field of organisational identity, scholars such as Dutton and Dukerich (1991) and Hatch and Schultz (2000) have made similar distinctions between different perceptions of identity constructed by insiders and outsiders. Balmer and Soenen (1999) and later Hatch and Schultz (2000) have similarly generated a range of corporate identities from actual to ideal identity based on the recognition that how people act in organisations does not always correspond with their stated intentions or aspirations. Based on these insights, we find that the concept of organisational culture held by most corporate branding practitioners is rather naive. ...
... This does not imply that strategic change or reinventing corporate brands is impossible, but such dramatic changes demand a comprehensive effort and risk loss of credibility. However, as shown in studies of relations between identity and image (Dutton and Dukerich, 1991;Hatch and Schultz, 2000), corporate images feed into strategic vision serving as a mirror in which top managers can reflect on who they are. This implies that, instead of using stakeholder images as exact assessments of brand performance compared with strategic vision, images held by stakeholders of who the company is and what it stands for (e.g. by using metaphors, key words, personality comparisons) can become part of the strategic envisioning process. ...
... basic assumptions). Within the field of organisational identity, scholars such as Dutton and Dukerich (1991) and Hatch and Schultz (2000) have made similar distinctions between different perceptions of identity constructed by insiders and outsiders. Balmer and Soenen (1999) and later Hatch and Schultz (2000) have similarly generated a range of corporate identities from actual to ideal identity based on the recognition that how people act in organisations does not always correspond with their stated intentions or aspirations. ...
... Within the field of organisational identity, scholars such as Dutton and Dukerich (1991) and Hatch and Schultz (2000) have made similar distinctions between different perceptions of identity constructed by insiders and outsiders. Balmer and Soenen (1999) and later Hatch and Schultz (2000) have similarly generated a range of corporate identities from actual to ideal identity based on the recognition that how people act in organisations does not always correspond with their stated intentions or aspirations. Based on these insights, we find that the concept of organisational culture held by most corporate branding practitioners is rather naive. ...
... This does not imply that strategic change or reinventing corporate brands is impossible, but such dramatic changes demand a comprehensive effort and risk loss of credibility. However, as shown in studies of relations between identity and image (Dutton and Dukerich, 1991;Hatch and Schultz, 2000), corporate images feed into strategic vision serving as a mirror in which top managers can reflect on who they are. This implies that, instead of using stakeholder images as exact assessments of brand performance compared with strategic vision, images held by stakeholders of who the company is and what it stands for (e.g. by using metaphors, key words, personality comparisons) can become part of the strategic envisioning process. ...
... Organizational identity is a root construct in organizational phenomena (whetten, 2006). the organizational identity conception rests on core assumptions drawn from organization theory and identity theory (whetten & Mackey, 2002); rooted in the exploration of identity at the individual, group, and organizational levels (Puusa, 2006). in recent decades, researchers have taken an interest in organizational identity, as evidenced by the significantly increased amount of research on organizational identity issues (albert et al., 2000;corley et al., 2006;Haslam & ellemers, 2005;Schultz et al., 2000). cornelissen et al. (2007) reveal that the reasons for interest in identity domains and literature have historically been quite diverse. ...
... Organizational identity plays critical role since organizational identity capture who the organizational is and how organizational can achieve the goals effectively (cornelissen et al., 2007). the research of organizational identity grows (albert et al., 2000;corley et al., 2006;Haslam & ellemers, 2005;Schultz et al., 2000). increasingly, sustainability issues are mentioned as having an impact on organizational identity (glavas & godwin, 2013;Onkila et al., 2018). ...
This research aims to build model and proposition of establishment of sustainable organizational identity. This research determines anthropomorphism and agile leadership as antecedents of sustainable organizational identity. This research also determines competitive advantage as consequence of sustainable organizational identity establishment. Furthermore, this research determines organizational change as moderating variable between sustainable organizational identity and competitive advantage. The model is, generally, built based on RBV. This research concludes that theoretical model and previous studies can identify that anthropomorphism and agile leadership can be hypothesized and examined empirically in the future to determine sustainable organizational identity. This research also conclude that sustainable organizational identity can be hypothesized and examined empirically in the future to determine competitive advantage. Furthermore, this research conclude that change management can be used as moderating variable between sustainable organizational identity and competitive advantage. This research contributes to the development of the concept of sustainable organizational identity symbolization, especially in conceptualizing the theory. This research limits to model and proposition formulation without empirical study because of the limitation of questionaries of sustainable organizational identity. Future research is expected to formulate questionaries of sustainable organizational identity so the empirical study can be performed.
... Visual elements such as colours are commonly used in a corporate visual identity to create strong identification and reputation (Schultz et al., 2000), although researchers argue that the field is underexplored (Gregersen & Johansen, 2018;Mann & Ghuman, 2014). Visual elements are part of a visual identity, which in turn is often used as an umbrella term that 'embodies any visual element that is associated with an organization' (Bravo et al., 2013, p.535). ...
... This inevitably broad summary of the importance of visual elements in crisis contexts intends to provide a basis for clarifying the role of visual design in climate activism. Existing scholarship indicates the utility of different visual elements to direct attention to the activism group itself and the campaign message (Barnett, 2019;Schultz et al., 2000;Seliger, 2014;Smith-Anthony & Groom, 2015), which informs the case study of this article outlined in the following section. ...
During the past years, activist movements have increasingly turned to social media to raise awareness and critically discuss current development and future scenarios. As a contribution to the discussion of new social movements and activism in the digital age, this study aims to explore and critically discuss how environmental risks and crisis are visually communicated in activism campaigns on Instagram, through a case study on Extinction Rebellion Sweden (XRsv). The study is delimited to the first 334 posts on XRsv's Instagram between November 14, 2018 and March 1, 2020. Methods used are interview and content analysis. In conclusion, XRsv has adopted aspects of design activism including visual tactics of Informing, Activating and Explaining. These three visual aspects are used by XRsv in an online context enabling interactivity and participatory actions, which in turn forms the core of design activism.
... Digital reputation has mainly been the domain of management studies, exploring how brands, organizations, and individuals can monitor reputation as well as how online techniques and methods can be used to make something more attractive (Schultz et al., 2000). Further, media literacy pundits have argued that online reputation management should be an essential skill, emphasizing the importance of privacy settings and the risks of oversharing things online. ...
... Popularity on the internet became seen as the foundation for a career, a gateway to digital entrepreneurship for the aspiring young (McGuigan, 2014). Methods and techniques to systematically manage digital reputations became something that could be employed not only by corporate brands (Schultz et al., 2000) but also by ordinary people. The shifting boundaries between public and private life brought a new kind of "information war" (Thompson, 2011), giving power and "creditworthiness'' (Rosamond, 2019) to those with good reputations. ...
This article relies on a visual ethnography with young people between 13 and 20 years old. Young people were asked to make visual collages of fictional social media accounts, which are used in this article to analyse the signification of “good” and “bad” reputation in digital youth culture. It explores how reputation is performed visually and aesthetically in digital youth culture. The aim is to contribute to the critical study of digital reputation, it formulates an ethical critique on how the signification of digital reputation has formed alongside values and beliefs that support the growth of platform capitalism, rather than assigning a reputational value and rank responsibly. I conclude how the signification of digital reputation is not only conformist and essentialist but also meaningless. The banality of reputation argues that, in the context of popular social media, there is no real or substantial information made available to distinguish between a “good” or a “bad” reputation, except for stylized banality, a stylistic focus on lifestyle and commodities. The point is that reputation should not be banal and meaningless. Many important political and institutional decisions in a democracy rely on the evaluation of reputation and critical assessment of the information upon which such evaluations are made. Although platform capitalism has made digital reputation meaningless, it is in fact an essential skill to critically orient oneself in digital societies.
... An effective story communication strategy combines two elements: identity and behavior (Schultz, 2000). The importance of stories as a means of disseminating an entrepreneurial identity has long been recognized by management scholars (O'Connor, 2002;. ...
... A tal proposito, alcuni autori sottolineano l'importanza di usare la storia d'impresa come framework in grado di esaltare i valori e la cultura, partendo da una struttura omogenea e largamente condivisa utilizzando i common starting points (Fona, 2011;Van Riel, 2000). In particolar modo, la corporate story rappresenta una pietra miliare attraverso la quale costruire l'impalcatura comunicativa, la visione dell'organizzazione e i processi interfunzionali grazie alla coerenza insita nel suo messaggio (Schultz et al., 2000). Tra gli studi volti a comprendere il ruolo dello storytelling come strumento di comunicazione efficace dei valori aziendali, alcuni autori hanno voluto esaltare i vantaggi derivati dalla struttura narrativa. ...
... Projected image is usually investigated by assessing the thoughts and actions of managers and frontline workers [41]. How internal stakeholders perceive projected image can influence their organizational identity and the organizational culture [42]. ...
Though the bourbon industry has historical and economic ties to the agriculture industry, there is little documentation of the relationship between the two industries or agriculture’s importance to bourbon. To determine its suitability for teaching adult learners about agriculture, a qualitative, comparative case study was conducted at three Kentucky-based distilleries. Ranging in distillery size, production capacity, ownership structures, and more, distillery employees provided their perspectives on the relationship between bourbon and agriculture and its importance in their operations. Participants agreed that the bourbon industry is inherently tied to the agriculture industry and agricultural products were critical to shaping the unique flavors of their products. Through on-site field observations, researchers observed the inclusion of agriculture in current public-facing practices. Researchers recommend increased integration of agricultural topics on public-facing tours to highlight each distillery’s unique traits.
... Such an approach will positively influence the customer experience and enhance the company's standing as an institution that is understanding and responsive to customer needs, thereby increasing loyalty and mutual trust. 9. Engagement with Virtual Communities: Increasing attention to virtual communities and utilizing them as effective tools for engaging customers in the company's marketing activities will enhance the company's presence and interaction with its audience. ...
E-marketing holds significant importance, especially for institutions with financial activities, given the business environment characterized by continuous development, progress, and change. This necessitates keeping up with these advancements, using modern technology, and adapting to it as a step towards acquiring new markets, particularly in our rapidly evolving digital era. Consequently, the competitive advantage of countries and institutions has taken on a dynamic nature, leading to the noticeable growth and spread of e-marketing within the competitive environment. After reaching the final version of the questionnaire, it was distributed to a random sample of a group of employees from the Baghdad Bank and the National Bank of Iraq, and accordingly a final sample of (225) valid questionnaires was reached. The researcher was able to prove all the research hypotheses, demonstrating a correlation and impact between the e-marketing of the banks in the research sample and the organizational identity of these institutions. Moreover, the organizational identity played a significant strategic role in financial institutions, especially banks, due to its role in achieving alignment between individuals and the institution's resources. Through this alignment, trust between customers and the institution is enhanced, contributing to fostering positive interaction between them and creating a positive and encouraging work environment that instills a sense of belonging and loyalty among employees toward the institution. The researcher recommended that banks should organize workshops or educational seminars to inform customers about how to use banking applications and electronic platforms safely and effectively. This would enhance their trust in these tools and encourage them to fully benefit from all available electronic services. Such empowerment contributes to raising customer satisfaction and helps the bank strengthen its digital role in the financial market, which positively reflects on its organizational identity.
... 1. Community Context Analysis: This focuses on the distinctive characteristics of the community, including local culture, values, and significant events linked to history, tourism resources, traditions, lifestyles, and memorable tourist activities (Longo, 2008;Schultz et al., 2000;Traini, 2008). The components of data used in storytelling include six key elements: 1) Community historical stories, 2) Tourist facilities, 3) Tourist attractions, 4) Accommodation, 5) Accessibility, and 6) Community tourism activities (Fombrun & Van Riel, 2003). ...
... The role of a bridge between these can be played by culture, a domain of collectively created meanings. But despite its importance to consumers, sociocultural context is treated as the last, and by no means the most important, step in corporate branding strategies (Hatch & Schultz, 2008;Schultz et al., 2000). Rather, it is a kind of icing on the cake of rational planning. ...
... Acotar y conceptualizar la identidad corporativa fue y todavía es un reto, al igual que varios otros conceptos. En particular, ésta ha sido estudiada por diversas disciplinas y se le ha nombrado "la torre de Babel" en la indagación de la identidad (Schultz, Hatch y Larsen, 2000). En consonancia con lo antes mencionado, Nuño (2017) indica que para que "la identidad corporativa sea favorable y se gane las buenas críticas de los usuarios, es importante ser creativo, hacer de lo común algo extraordinario y, sólo así, conseguiremos que el público objetivo al que queremos dirigirnos se fije en nosotros" (párr. ...
La presente investigación se realizó en el cantón Rumiñahui barrio Selva Alegre. En la que se analizan 26 Pymes de la Av. Francisco Guarderas a través de una zonificación mediante el método de observación a fin de establecer el tamaño de la población o universo. Posteriormente, se hizo uso de indicadores propuestos por los investigadores con aspectos como: naming, eslogan, indumentaria, papelería, rotulación, redes sociales, para determinar el tamaño de la muestra. Consecutivamente se realizó un análisis de siete Pymes que corresponden a la muestra, para determinar las tendencias en cuanto a: tipología, tipografía, naming, cromática y forma. A su vez, se sugieren aspectos básicos de construcción marcaria para poder demostrar que se puede elaborar una identidad corporativa pregnante, fácil de identificar, adaptable y armónica para ser empleada en diferentes soportes gráficos. Los resultados indican que las Pymes no usan los elementos de la imagen corporativa al no contar con filosofía, identidad visual y reputación online. Así mismo, no han construido la marca de sus comercios con parámetros básicos de construcción marcaria, haciéndolo de manera empírica, esto debido a la falta de conocimiento, capacitación y presupuesto de parte de sus propietarios.
... For example, it may have implications for organisational culture, image and change practises. Members and their commitment, identity beliefs, aspirations, claims and understanding may also be affected by the identity phenomenon (Schultz, Hatch and Larsen, 2000). ...
The concept of organizational identity has recently attracted attention and been intensively researched within the literature on organizational studies. The concept of organizational identity has been developed and enriched by studies conducted in the light of different philosophical paradigms. Thus, it has come to an important position supporting the corporate strategies of organizations. In other words, it has the potential to affect not only the external stakeholders of the organization but also its internal stakeholders by giving certain messages to their attitudes and behaviors about the organization, especially in a normative way. For this reason, institutions focus on identity in order to manage how they are positioned and perceived within the macro organizational field in which they compete and interact. A strong and clear organizational identity will attract the attention of all stakeholders and have a positive impact on them. Employees, customers, and strategic partners will demand to work with an organization that has a strong identity, and in this way they will be able to strengthen and develop their individual or corporate identity. The current study examines the concept of organizational identity from a critical perspective and offers a conceptual framework on how it affects our perceptions of organizational processes.
... Ancak çalışma ortamının kalitesi bundan daha önemlidir. Şirketlerin çalışanlarına sunduğu eğitim, sağlık ve kariyer gibi fırsatlar, kurum içi etkileşimleri güçlendirecek yemek planlarının düzenlenmesi, geziler, terfi imkanları, öneri sistemini geliştirmeye yönelik uygulamalar, yönetime katılma hakkı verilmesi, motivasyon ve müşteri beklentilerini karşılayan parçalardan bazılarını meydana getirmektedir [25]. ...
Olumlu ve güçlü bir itibar kuruma; pazar hakimiyeti sağlamak, güvenilir olmak, kamuoyu üzerinde hakimiyet kurmak, finansal düzeyde iyi bir kazanç elde etmek gibi birçok faydayı beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu faydalara sahip olabilmek güçlü bir itibar oluşturmak kadar, itibarı korumak, itibar zedelendiğinde onarmak ve itibarı sürdürülebilir kılmaktan geçmektedir. İtibara yönelik bu oluşum ve devamlılık ise yalnızca dış çevreye yönelik uygulamalar ile değil, iç çevrenin değerli bir unsuru olan, kurumun birer ortağı, marka elçisi, iç girişimcisi, en önemli öz varlığı ve beşeri sermayesi konumundaki çalışan üzerindeki tutumu ile güçlü bir hale gelmektedir. Bireyler çalışacakları kurumu seçerken öncelikle alacakları ücreti dikkate alıyor gibi görünseler de yine de iyi bir itibara sahip kurumlarda çalışmak istemektedirler. Birbirlerini etkileyen iki unsur göz önünde bulundurularak, bu çalışmada kamuda itibar yönetiminin çalışan memnuniyetini nasıl etkilediğini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma için “Dilovası Belediyesi” çalışanları tercih edilmiş ve veri toplama için yüz yüze anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. 5’li likert ölçeği ile düzenlenen ankette İtibar Yönetimi ölçeğinin Çalışan Memnuniyeti ölçeğine olan etkisini sınamak için regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analizde İtibar Yönetimi ölçek faktörleri bağımsız değişkeninin Çalışan Memnuniyeti ölçeğine ait faktörden oluşan bağımlı değişkenler üzerinde etkisi olup olmadığı test edilmiş ve elde edilen sonuca göre kurulan 6 hipotezde yer alan bağımsız değişkenler üzerinde etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. 213 geçerli anket verilerine göre kamuda itibar yönetiminin çalışan memnuniyeti üzerinde etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılırken; kamuda itibar yönetimi değişkenlerinden en çok “çalışma ortamı”; buna karşın en az ise “duygusal çekicilik” boyutunun çalışan memnuniyeti üzerinde etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür.
... De este modo, el propósito da una vuelta de tuerca a esta realidad, igual que en su momento la reputación superó al concepto de imagen corporativa (Gotsi y Wilson, 2001;Mahon, 2002) o a los modelos contenidos en el denominado identity approach (Heding et al., 2020;Kapferer, 2012), al estar conformada por valores que constituyen fortalezas objetivas de la empresa que pueden convertirse en una ventaja competitiva dentro del sector y que implican directamente a alguno de los stakeholders estratégicos de la compañía (Villafañe, 2005). Ciertamente, se trata de un intangible que resulta complicado gestionar (Brown et al., 2006, Einwiller et al., 2010 y da lugar a un escenario empresarial en el que las organizaciones compiten en función de su capacidad para expresar quiénes son y qué representan (Schultz et al., 2000). ...
Introducción: El siglo XXI está caracterizado por el avance tecnológico que ha experimentado la sociedad junto a los cambios sociales, económicos y medioambientales que conforman los desafiantes retos actuales. Estos han provocado que multitud de organizaciones se conviertan en agentes activos, despertando su interés por definir propósitos con impacto para la sociedad que necesita que las empresas tomen conciencia y se posicionen, desde un enfoque más humanista, ante cuestiones alarmantes. Uno de los escenarios en el que las organizaciones pueden desarrollar estrategias de comunicación que enriquezcan las relaciones con sus públicos y les permita defender sus propósitos, mediante la generación de contenidos, lo constituyen las redes sociales, herramientas clave para que las marcas se relacionen en la actualidad. Metodología: mediante metodología cuantitativa, a través de análisis de contenido, se analiza un corpus de mensajes emitidos en Twitter durante doce meses por diez marcas responsables, seleccionadas mediante el Monitor Empresarial de Reputación Corporativa. Resultados: se obtienen datos relevantes sobre los contenidos generados por estas marcas en sus perfiles de Twitter que indican que comunican principalmente poniendo el foco en el servicio que ofrecen y sus productos. Discusión: los resultados revelan que las marcas estudiadas generalmente toman una posición centrada en la propia empresa o en el producto. Conclusiones: aunque existe una tendencia por parte de las organizaciones a generar un beneficio social a través de sus actuaciones, esta investigación indica que el enfoque que estas empresas dan a su comunicación en Twitter no está orientado a las personas principalmente.
... Often they are related to identity issues. In the business context, this may include the construction of identities of individuals at work such as in the case of managers in organizations (Rostron 2021) or constructions of corporate identities (Brown 2006, and classically Schultz et al. 2000). ...
Based on long-term qualitative research with century-old business families in the German context, we emphasize the role of narratives. Understood as discursive social practices, they convey meaning, foster identification and establish particular images of the business family for themselves and outsiders. Examples discussed in the article include narratives about flexibility, cooperation and the particular cleverness of its members. In particular, we argue that narratives contribute to internal cohesion within the business family because processes of individualization, changed inheritance practices and lucrative opportunities outside the family business challenge the intent for transgenerational continuation. Thus we highlight a processual understanding of business families and draw on conceptions such as relatedness, kinning and doing family from anthropology and family sociology. Herewith we are better able to show how these self-images and narratives work and how they are used as mechanism for the production and reproduction of business families. Old business families in the German context, then, are no fixed entities but the outcome of processes where meaning, identification and sense-making are successfully transferred within and across generations.
... As the internet has been a communication channel with others, web pages are both virtually and contextually fundamental parts of brand communications. In addition to this, company websites have been playing a vital role in communicating and announcing information for organizations, (Schultz, Hatch, and Larsen 2001;Simmons 2007). As the power of the internet is quite strong, companies have been using internet channels to inform customers and investors about the services and products, by doing so webpages become a platform to explain corporate characteristics and brand image. ...
The airline industry has an extremely dynamic nature. In order to compete with competitors, airline companies have several different business models. The business model is a structured framework for the management of any business which also assists the company to reach its goals in its working environment. Besides this, a unique business model is well known as a source of competitive advantage and value creation method for organizations. This article will determine how global airline companies define their business models by using the airline business model common components on their official web pages. In this manner, a correlation between airline companies’ business model components and their strategies’ during the Covid-19 pandemic will be defined. Besides, companies’ strategic changes among airline business model common components will be discussed. Accordingly, this article will not only contribute to the existing literature on airline strategic management subject but also shed light on the airline companies’ revitalization during the Covid-19 pandemic by supplying a benchmark among the global airline companies. To address this aim, content analysis has been done in “about us” parts of companies’ official web pages of worldwide top 45 airline companies. According to World Air Transport Statistics (WATS) – IATA report 2021, worldwide top 45 airline companies among 200 are selected based on their scheduled revenue passenger kilometers in 2020. Inductive content analysis has been done by using the Python program. The results are indicating that different airline business model components are converging in Covid-19 Environment.
... These characteristics express an organization's tendency to foster the human well-being and the common good. The utilitarian system (characterized by economic rationality, maximization of profits, and self-interest) is like that of a business (Albert & Whetten, 1985;Foreman & Whetten, 2002;Schultz et al., 2009). Identity traits that are associated with the utilitarian system are characteristics like "process centered," "commercial," and "business-like." ...
Organizations realize that their license to operate and the supportive behavior of their stakeholders relate to how they come across. If the identity of an organization is not a single, but multiple it may face unique challenges in strategic communication. The purpose of this study is to identify how the reputation and legitimacy of such a multiple identity organization (MIO) are affected by its performance and communications. Building on organizational identity theory, insights from corporate communication, and stakeholder theory, the potential vulnerabilities are listed through theoretical deduction and are illustrated by the case of Sanquin, the Dutch blood supply foundation. The case assessment relies on interviews with stakeholders and journalists, complemented with an analysis of newspaper headlines. The mismatch between the identities endangers legitimacy because legitimacy is based on the conformity to norms and values, the area where the identities clash. The inherent tension between the ideological and utilitarian identity cannot be avoided completely, but a strategic communication policy that manages the balance between the identities in organizational communication could help a better understanding of MIOs. The case offers insights into how creating this balance might be considered in the development of strategic communication of MIOs.
... Compared to traditional product and service branding literature, stakeholder marketing requires a broader perspective that looks beyond customers as focal stakeholders (Hult et al., 2011). In this vein, it has been argued that brands matter not only to consumers but also to multiple other stakeholder groups (Schultz et al., 2000). The section that follows thus adopts a multi-stakeholder approach to brand knowledge. ...
Purpose
Brands are relevant to multiple stakeholders and, as such, can have multiple meanings. Drawing on branding and stakeholder marketing theory, the purpose of this study was to provide in-depth insights into knowledge dynamics related to the so-called family business brand across different stakeholder perspectives.
Design/methodology/approach
This study combines advanced brand concept mapping (BCM) with a scenario technique to graphically capture consumers’ and jobseekers’ brand knowledge related to the family business concept in the form of association networks.
Findings
Findings show both a shared core meaning (e.g. associations such as “tradition” or “owner-managed”) and stakeholder-specific associations (e.g. consumer perspective: “high product quality,” “handmade”; jobseeker perspective: “appreciation within the company,” “outdated”). Significantly, the results reveal detailed insights into cross-stakeholder knowledge dynamics regarding the associations’ interconnections, strength and favorability.
Originality/value
By combining BCM with a scenario technique, this study adopts an approach that is aimed at better understanding and comparing brand knowledge with respect to the family business brand across multiple stakeholder perspectives. Given the prevalence of family businesses, this research enhances the theoretical and practical understanding of a branding resource that is often available but rarely exploited.
... For example, organizational identity theorists may engage in branching out by drawing on each other's data, research material, or theoretical scaffolds to address different topics, such as "reputation" (Schultz, Hatch, & Larsen, 2000) and "culture" (Ravasi & Schultz, 2006), with their organization-as-a-unitary-actor analogy. In enacting the principle of free criticism across these two topics, these scholars would gradually harmonize shared understandings about how reputation and culture are to be examined in the research program, thereby contributing to the development of an organizational-identity-specific vocabulary applicable to both topics. ...
This paper shows how the adoption of open science practices can benefit the theory building process in management and organization studies.
Beside increasing the transparency and credibility of research, open-science-based theorizing ("open theorizing") can help galvanize and increase the relevance of our theorizing. It can even facilitate the development of novel frameworks of understandings "for the people", that is, original theoretical explanations that better satisfy societal needs.
... Dès lors employés, consommateurs en tant qu'individus, communautés de marque, voire fournisseurs ou organisations de lobbying ont un rôle à jouer dans l'appropriation et la co-création de l'identité de marque. Aux confusions conceptuelles entre identité de marque -brand identity -, image de marque -brand image -et sens de la marque -brand meaning - (Michel 2017), il faut ajouter celles de la question de la réputation organisationnelle (Balmer, Greyser 2006) (Gioia et al., 2010 ;Hatch, Schultz, 1997) et son identité de marque ou plutôt, de manière générique, branding (Hatch, Schultz, 2003 ;Schultz et al., 2000). ...
Les accélérations de la mondialisation transforment les relations des marques et des consommateurs à travers la délocalisation de la fabrication des produits des premières et la contribution croissante des deuxièmes à des marchés multiculturels. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une perspective multiculturelle des communautés de marque qui dépasse la distinction local, national ou international pour intégrer la culture de la communauté marque avec ses idiosyncrasies comme cadre principal de référence. Dans une approche sémio-anthropologique, nous étudions les échanges d’une communauté de marque en ligne autour des questions de pays d’origine qui est essentiel à l’identité de la marque et est l’objet d’une évaluation constante à travers une analyse sémiotique d’inspiration greimassienne du parcours génératif de sens pour qualifier les valeurs de la marque et sa communauté. Nous réalisons une ethnographie en ligne de discussions sélectionnées que nous traitons par une analyse de contenu par un codage thématique portant principalement sur des pratiques créatrices de valeur et les attitudes interculturelles (xénocentrisme, ethnocentrisme, cosmopolitisme, animosité et affinité du consommateur). Nous poursuivons par une analyse de la narrativité et du carré sémiotique pour qualifier les valeurs de la marque et de sa communauté. Nous produisons un répertoire discursif qui nous permet d’établir les pratiques d’un vivre-ensemble dans la communauté de marque qui tienne aussi compte d’orientations différentes en fonction des diverses relations culturelles et des trajectoires des consommateurs et des marques. Nous introduisons la notion d’endocentrisme de marque, identifions une axiologie des relations multiculturelles de la marque et de sa communauté et proposons les bases d’une matrice de gestion de ces relations. Nous établissons des logiques générales de communication qui peuvent servir à formuler une stratégie cohérente par rapport à l’identité de la marque et la nature de ses publics. En positionnant la marque par rapport à ses valeurs et celles de son public, le gestionnaire pourra développer un message cohérent avec les caractéristiques du vivre ensemble. Nous proposons également des figures rhétoriques qui permettent de décliner le message en fonction du public et de la tonalité souhaitée.
... The identity of the architectural depending is the fact that the thing is heard by the recipient holds special meaning and this is achieved through the use of vocabulary that originates from the environment or context and the private, which is associated with change to change much and then return to the structure Assembly level abbreviation meaning II and therefore they know a special meaning to the designated place and time affiliation cannot be that his presence is achieved when any of them change [13][14][15]. In [16] states that identity means linking meanings with the features of things, and the first step for that is to reach the definition of the concept of things and that the connotation or meaning of something resides in that thing and that expressions are the language of the thing itself and proceed from its form . ...
The research discusses and clarifies several concepts related to each other, as each of them complements the other and starting with the event and its impact on society and builds the language of deliberative and communicative and and the varied response to architectural action in defining the difference between pre-event architecture. and how to influence with produce post-event architecture in creating a number of intellectual perceptions that help to generate multiple images bearing multiple interpretations related to the utilitarian needs of the individual, to clarify this, research constructed a cognitive framework for the event vocabulary and the deliberative language, then extracted the most important vocabulary associated with it and the possible relationships. Where the search problem is identified. The problem of the research lies on the Lack of clarity of how to construct the identity of the deliberative language in architecture by the impact of the event and its effect on the design act in architecture The aim of the research: clarify the impact of the event on the value system and to establish an architectural identity for post-event architecture according to the change in the deliberative language of society.
... A study based on insurance websites indicated that it also focused on post purchase customer services which shows website attributes focus on past customers than future customers in insurance websites (Yan Wang, 2015). Websites are considered as a key part of brand communication (Schultz, Hatch, & Larsen, 2000) with regard to tone and content (Simmons, 2007). The most important internal and external factors in the business environment which affects future of business organisations are referred to as strategic factors (M Kajanus, Kurttila, & Kangas, 2003). ...
The lack of interaction and relationship building capabilities of the low ranking university websites is considered as a major reason for the lower student enrolments (Klassen, 2002). The tertiary education institutes which target international students should enhance the international student recruitment process through improving the online customer service as most of the international students rely on the internet when selecting a study destination (Gomes & Murphy, 2003). The main aim of this research is to explore the relationship between Australian university websites and international student enrolments. Few studies have investigated this relationship and, as such, this research addresses some of the existing knowledge gaps. A mono-method qualitative methodology was adopted for this study. Primary data collection was through the website content of selected
Australian universities. Six Australian universities were selected; three universities with positive international student enrolments and three universities with negative international student enrolments. The website content of the selected six universities was analysed using the dimensions of the ICTRT framework (Li & Wang, 2011) to evaluate website effectiveness. The study results were based on two analysis levels, an overall thematic analysis (level 1) and an ICTRT framework based analysis (level 2). The thematic analysis, based on the major themes and concepts, was conducted using Leximancer 4.5. Two major findings emerged. First, the websites of universities with positive international student enrolments tend to be more people focused whereas websites from universities with negative international student enrolments tend to be technology or system focused. Second, websites from universities with positive international student enrolments tend to be more visionary or forward focused whereas websites from universities with negative international student enrolments tend to be more backward focused. Additionally, the study
findings indicate some important website marketing strategies for Australian universities with negative international student enrolments.
Keywords: international student enrolments, university websites, website marketing strategies, ICTRT framework, Australian higher education sector
... Second-order change involves a process of cognitive re-orientation whereby it is often the task of leaders and managers to ask employees and other relevant stakeholders to shift their views about their organisation from one shared system of meaning to a new one preferred by leaders. This often comes down to an internal process of re-conceptualising the organisation's identity-defining features in terms of what the organisation is, what it does and why it does the things it does (Schultz, et al., 2000). These forms of paradigms shifts are often challenging processes, yet have a certain amount of predictability because leaders often have a wellformulated vision of their newly desired identity and they seek to impose this new reality onto their organisation. ...
From every corner of society, we are observing an increasingly greater awareness of the need to seek out renewal and change when it comes to important economic and social themes. Organisations are playing an ever larger role in these changes. Organisations who dare to take a progressive role in these transformative changes are called thought leaders. Thought leaders have an inspiring ideology (‘thought’), and using the power of imagination, they succeed in giving meaning to a new reality and in mobilising themselves and others to create this. It is during this process of sensegiving that the communications professional fulfils an indispensable role. Now, more than ever, we need professionals who have the analytical, strategic, directorial, creative and connecting abilities to make a new, workable reality visible, and to mobilise people to change and innovate.
Conveying brand knowledge to the target customer is hard in practice. An effective strategy is creating campaigns suitable for the brand’s core values. However, many existing campaigns only serve to damage the brand’s reputation, as they are built on promotional strategies that need to be revised. This article attempts to take a critical look at the “Real Beauty” campaign conducted by Dove to understand its delivery of brand knowledge better. Launched in 2004 to challenge traditional beauty standards, the “Real Beauty” campaign promotes authenticity, inclusiveness, and self-esteem. This analysis combines content analysis and evaluations using social media metrics to determine whether the campaign was as effective – diverse representation, emotional storytelling, and strategic use of digital platforms. By examining advertising and user-generated content and partnerships, this essay attempts to gauge the impact on key factors where businesses desire recognition, brand awareness, consumer engagement, and any changes exhibited in market share. This essay addresses difficulties and criticisms from different aspects of authenticity and the sustainability of a claim. The conclusion underscores the critical role of conveying a strong brand knowledge in creating a firm basis of people who will buy products and stick with the firm over long periods, in other words, loyal customers, highlighting some wider points that implicate social concern campaigns in the beauty industry in general.
To which extent bureaucracies are inflexible and strategic planning is incompatible with emerging coping strategies are empirical questions. Based on a longitudinal case study of neo-Weberian state type local governments responses to different types of crises, this article argues that bureaucracies are at the heart of local coping strategies and indeed capable of adjusting to changing environments. They demonstrate capacious variation. The study adds the strategic perspective, falsifies the theoretical claims of the New Public Government (NPG) and confirms the ones of the neo- Weberian state (NWS). Strategic planning is far from dead. Crisis management was left to the CEOs and the administrative system, and it was top-down driven. Strategic plans had a life alongside strategic manoeuvring, and a variety in the hybrid mix of governance paradigms - as well as clear patterns of isomorphic structures - are interpreted as functional and symbolic adjustments.
Organizational Identity presents the classic works on organizational identity alongside more current thinking on the issues. Ranging from theoretical contributions to empirical studies, the readings in this volume address the key issues of organizational identity, and show how these issues have developed through contributions from such diverse fields of study as sociology, psychology, management studies and cultural studies. The readings examine questions such as how organizations understand who they are, why organizations develop a sense of identity and belonging where the boundaries of identity lie and the implications of postmodern and critical theories' challenges to the concept of identity as deeply-rooted and authentic. Includes work by: Stuart Albert, Mats Alvesson, Blake E. Ashforth, Marilynn B. Brewer, George Cheney, Lars Thoger Christensen, C.H. Cooley, Kevin G. Corley, Barbara Czarniawska, Janet M. Dukerich, Jane E. Dutton, Kimberly D. Elsbach, Wendi Gardner, Linda E. Ginzela, Dennis A. Gioia, E. Goffman, Karen Golden-Biddle, Mary Jo Hatch, Roderick M. Kramer, Fred Rael, G.H. Mead, Michael G. Pratt, Anat Rafaeli, Hayagreeva Rao, Majken Schultz, Howard S. Schwartz, Robert I. Sutton, Henri Taijfel, John Turner, David A. Wherren, and Hugh Willmott. Intended to provide easy access to this material for students of organizational identity, it will also be of interest more broadly to students of business, sociology and psychology.
The book comprises three main purposes: a) It treats the teaching and research field of the Political Sociology of Emotions and, responding to the international consolidation of the scientific field, it aspires to be the first of its kind in the Greek academic community. b) It introduces a new analytical perspective to the international debate, that of the intrinsic connection of emotional dynamics with socio-political dimensions of justice and the will, as well as the relationship of ressentiment in particular with the public good. c) Among other case studies, it deals with the two most intense recent socio-political events in Greece, that of the covid-19 health crisis and the perception of right wing extremism. Starting from the historical-theoretical conceptualization of emotions, the analysis scales from the micro-level of subjectivity to the macro-socio-political level. Basic views on the key emotions scrutinized by the extant literature are analyzed, with the emphasis thereafter placed on the moral dimension of emotions. Through the discussion about the will, the first step towards the purely social dimension, that of political freedom, is made. The emotional dimension of freedom is considered pivotal for the subsequent discussion about risk, political interest and the legitimizing power of trust. The crisis of trust and the social trauma that it brings about is linked to socio-political pathologies and political strategies of subjectivities, such as cynicism, ressentiment, worthlessness and meritocracy, the derail of public interest and the common good, compassion and forgiveness. We analyze the emotional dimension of social movements, extremism as well as the current challenges to the rule of law and the Constitution which is perceived as a symbolic public sphere of overlapping consensuses figurated in society.
Branding and organizational identity refers to a process through which a pattern or a structure is ascribed to a group of individuals and recognized as unique, autonomous, and relatively stable in space and time. There are a number of aspects to this: the organizational identity, which is a concern with where do “we” come from , what and who the organization is, and where “we” are going . In addition there is the branding, which is normally construed as a strategic concern with how the organization is represented and perceived by stakeholders.
The concept of identity in the formation and evolution of management approaches to the brand has always been variable, from prescriptive identity-based approaches to more contemporary approaches such as relational approaches to brand management in which the concept of brand identity is formed during the brand lasting communication, its audiences and their life experiences. The present study seeks to find the answers of the questions related to the brand-consumer relationship; what independent and hidden variables affect the brand authentication by the consumer in the memorable lived experience of the brand and thus the sense of belonging to it? And under what relations do these variables achieve this important? It was done in two steps. In the first step, to achieve the formation nature of the identity concept in the brand-consumer relationship and extract the themes, categories and relationships between them and achieve a conceptual model in this field, the method of interpretive phenomenology and semi-structured interviews with 21 participants were used and in the second step, in order to generalize the results and analyze them, the extracted data provided to 384 participants in the form of a questionnaire and were surveyed. The data analyzed by SPSS and Amos, during which, by approving the structural model of the research, it was concluded that the formation of the identity concept in the lived experience of brand audiences and in the consumer-brand relationship are dependent upon at least 5 themes and 25 related categories.Therefore, it is suggested that brand managers, brand designers, marketers and other experts in these fields, look at the results of this research to create sustainable and identity-oriented brands, as a tool to get rid of the one-dimensional and prescriptive perspective to identity.
Keywords:
Brand management brand identity relational approach industrial products phenomenology
Main Subjects:
Marketing and market concepts
The impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic is bringing a great deal of unpredictability to every sector worldwide including the financial sector. Consequently, many banks are monitoring and managing the effects of the crisis on business continuity and stakeholder management. Although data on the scale of impact is still emerging, one significant observation is the rapid change in consumer behaviour which is linked to trust, the reputation of the bank and the quality of the relationship existing between the bank and its stakeholders. The purpose of this exploratory study is to critically investigate the role and relevance of public relations (PR) on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria. The literature review enabled the researcher to develop an academic foundation for primary research, providing a detailed critique and contextualisation of existing secondary literature on three potentially motivational themes; Trust, Reputation and Relationship Management.
The chapter compares how policy issues in higher education and how research in this area in Canada, the U.S. and Western Europe have been framed in a historical perspective. By interpreting policy framing as a sensemaking process, a de-construction of the specific elements of the framing process is offered, and a comparison is made with respect to similarities and differences in how policies have been framed in the three contexts. In addition, the chapters provide observations on framing as a means for analyzing policy formation, identifying advantages and disadvantages of the framing approach. Key points made include how framing approaches also may assist researchers in their communication of common observations in different empirical contexts and how framing may build bridges between different disciplinary traditions.
Este caso para ensino estimula a aprendizagem do processo de criação de valor simbólico e provoca uma reflexão sobre a tensão simbólica que pode existir entre a imagem e cultura organizacional. O caso relata a experiência da Organização Cultural Wadō, considerando os processos de absorção, produção, transferência e adoção de símbolos associados aos seus serviços, do ponto de vista de seus membros. As informações são oriundas de entrevistas, documentos e observações diretas, tanto de ex-membros, como membros e consumidores externos.
Araştırmanın genel amacı; eğitim örgütlerindeki iç ve dış paydaşların kurumsal itibara ilişkin algılamalarını tespit etmek ve bu paydaşlar nezdinde oluşan algılamalar arasında bir fark olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Bu amaçla literatür taraması yapılmış ve likert tipi bir anket kullanılarak betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Kahramanmaraş İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğünden edinilen bilgiler ışığında özel ve devlet ilköğretim okulları arasından en fazla personel sayısına sahip bir adet özel ve bir adet devlet okulu seçilerek örnekleme alınmıştır. Özel ve devlet okullarının iç ve dış paydaşlarından olan 102 okul yöneticisi, 57 öğretmen, 258 öğrenci ve 157 öğrenci velisinden anket tekniği ile toplanan veriler SPSS for Windows (10.0) programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre, özel okuldaki iç paydaşların, kurumsal itibara ilişkin algılamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kurumsal itibara ilişkin özel okulun dış paydaşlarının algılamalarına toplu olarak bakıldığında ise, duygusal çekicilik ve kurumsal etik boyutla ilgili algılamalar dışında, kurumsal itibarın belirlenmesinde görev değişkeninin önemli bir etken olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Devlet okulundaki iç paydaşların kurumsal itibara ilişkin algılamaları topluca değerlendirildiğinde; kurumsal itibarın belirlenmesinde toplumsal sorumluluk, duygusal çekicilik, çalışma ortamı ve yönetim kalitesi boyutlarında görev değişkeninin önemli bir etken olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Devlet okulunun kurumsal itibarına ilişkin dış paydaşların algılamalarına toplu olarak bakıldığında ise, kurumsal itibarın belirlenmesinde duygusal çekicilik boyutu dışındaki diğer tüm boyutlarda görev değişkeninin önemli bir etken olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Özel okul ve devlet okulunun iç ve dış paydaşlarının kurumsal itibara ilişkin toplam algılamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı görüş ayrılıkları bulunmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kurumsal İtibar, İtibar Yönetimi, Algılama, Paydaş. iv ABSTRACT
Ph. D. Thesis The aim of this study is to determine the internal and external shareholders' perceptions regarding corporate reputation in educational organizations and to determine the differences between these shareholders' perceptions. With this aim, the literatüre was researched and a poll was used by the researcher, in the end this difference was described. For this study, one private school and one public school selected from the schools in the city of Kahramanmaras. The data gathered from 102 principals, 57 teachers, 258 students and 157 parents of students (student guardian); they were analysed using SPSS for Windows (10.0) Programme. The results of analysis revealed that there are significiant differences as statistical between internal shareholders' perceptions related to corporate reputation in private school. If evaluated as a whole the external shareholders' perceptions in private school, except for perceptions related to emotional appeal and corporate ethics at the determined corporate reputation; job variable had no effect. If evaluated as a whole the internal shareholders' perceptions in public school at the determined corporate reputation, at the perceptions related to social responsibility, emotional appeal, job atmosphere and quality of management; job variable had no effect. If evaluated as a whole the external shareholders' perceptions in public school at the all other dimensions except for perceptions related to emotional appeal at the determined corporate reputation; job variable had no effect. There are significiant differences as statistical between the internal and external shareholders' total perceptions related to corporate reputation in private and public school.
A good reputation can create barriers to competition and inhibit the mobility of rival companies, attractthe best supply chain and business partners, create a premium value for a company’s products andservices (Sherman 1999, 10). On the one hand, reputation is valuable; it has bottom-line effects onfirms. On the other hand, reputation buffers firms from the immediate reaction of stakeholders in theirenvironment when controversial events occur (Schultz et al 2000, 79).
Book Description
The basic function of companies is to add value to society. Profits are a means to an end, not an end in itself. The ability of companies to innovate, scale and invest provides them with a powerful base for positive change. But companies are also criticized for not contributing sufficiently to society’s grand challenges. An increasingly VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous) world creates serious governance gaps that not only require new ways of regulation, but also new ways of doing business. Can companies effectively contribute to sustainable development and confront society’s systemic challenges?
Arguably the most important frame to drive this ambition was introduced and unanimously adopted in 2015: the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDG-agenda not only defines a holistic set of global goals and targets, but also foundational principles to guide meaningful action to their achievement by 2030. Multinational companies have signed up to the SDGs as the world’s long-term business plan. Realizing the SDGs provides a yearly $12 trillion investment and growth opportunity, while creating hundreds of millions of jobs in the process. But progress is too slow – witnessing society’s inability to deal with pressing human, ecological, economic and health crises – whilst the vast potential for societal value creation remains underutilized. This book provides a timely account of the systemic, strategic and operational challenges that need to be addressed to enhance the effectiveness of corporate involvement in society, by using the SDGs as the leading principles-based framework for actionable, powerful and transformative change.
Principles of Sustainable Business is written for graduate and postgraduate (executive) students, policymakers and business professionals who want to understand the complex challenges of global sustainability. It shows how companies can design and implement SDG-relevant strategies at three levels: the macro level, to assess whether the SDGs present wicked problems or opportunities; the micro level, to develop and operationalize innovative business models, design new business cases and navigate organizational transition trajectories; and the meso level, to develop fit-for-purpose cross-sector partnering strategies. Principles of Sustainable Business presents innovative tools embedded in a coherent sequence of analytical frameworks that can be applied in courses for students, be put into practice by business professionals and used by action researchers to help companies contribute to the Decade of Action.
Disclosure of non-financial information, especially regarding corporate governance (CG), is an important element of companies’ communication with their stakeholders. This paper sets out to define—from a theoretical and practical perspective—the scope of CG reporting in Polish fuel, gas, and energy (“energy”) companies required under EU directives and national regulations. The paper presents the results of a study investigating whether and to what extent annual corporate governance statements (CGSs) prepared by energy companies, compared with other companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE-LCs), are consistent with “Best Practices for WSE-LCs 2016” (BPs for WSE-LCs). The study group consisted of energy companies submitting their 2017–2020 reports, as well as other companies listed on the WSE, as a comparative group (i.e., a total of 179 reports). We used a monographic method to study theoretical problems and annual CGSs and performed a critical review of the literature, as well as comparative, content, and descriptive analyses. The analysed CGSs helped answer the following question: to what extent do energy companies and other WSE-LCs pursue the CG rules specified in BPs for WSE-LCs? The results indicate that such companies follow various approaches to CG disclosures and reporting obligations. However, what truly matters is not the legal obligation itself, but rather the companies’ social responsibility for maintaining good relations with their stakeholders. The paper will contribute to CG studies, because no Polish theorist has so far analysed CG disclosures in annual non-financial reports. The paper fills a research gap in information on adherence to best practices in CG disclosures in CGSs of all WSE-LCs. The study presents conclusions of CG disclosures by energy companies, which can provide the basis for further research in other sectors.
More than just selling, a city must be constructed as an image formation process, which is formed from a mental map created by local people that produces an original identity to make a good branding. This research aims to reveal a new element of city identity and produce a mapping process of forming a strong city identity based on the advantages of the city that can be used in perfecting the concept of city branding. The result shows that the natural appearance in this study refers to the appearance of the river and the surrounding area called “RIVERINE” which means the area around the river. These elements also become the identity of Palembang and can be one of the elements to construct a concept of city branding. The research’s state-of-the-art findings are the new element to constructing the city identity of Palembang by revealing the role of the new element of city identity construction.
Gelişen teknolojiler, bilgiye daha kolay ve hızlı ulaşılmasını sağlayarak,
tüketicilerin farkındalık seviyesini artırmakta ve işletmelere yalnızca maddi
değil aynı zamanda sosyal sorumluluklar da yüklemektedir. Günümüzde
bilinçli tüketicilerin, sadece ucuz ve kaliteli hizmet veya ürün sağlayan
işletmelere değil, sosyal sorumluluk bilinci oluşmuş ve itibar seviyesi yüksek
işletmelere de yöneldikleri gözlemlenmektedir. Bu yüzden işletmeler, birçok
alanda kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk faaliyetleri uygulayarak paydaşlarının
beklentilerini karşılamak durumunda kalmaktadır. Ayrıca kurumsal sosyal
sorumluluk projeleri sayesinde var olan kurumsal itibar seviyesini de
yükseltmektedir.
Üç bölümden oluşan tez çalışmasında, birbirleri ile ilişkisi araştırılan
kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk ve kurumsal itibar kavramları alt boyutlarıyla ele
alınmıştır. Yerli ve yabancı literatürdeki bu alanda yapılmış çalışmalar
incelenerek, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk (KSS) ve kurumsal itibar konuları ile
ilgili ayrıntılara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk ile ilgili
olarak, güncel kitaplardan da faydalanılarak, KSS kavramının günümüze
uyarlanmış uygulamaları da tespit edilerek çalışmaya eklenmiştir. Bununla
birlikte ülkemizde KSS ile ilgili yapılan düzenlemeler, ilgili kurum ve
kuruluşlar ve örnek seviyede uygulanan projelere de yer verilmiştir. Tüm bu
bileşenlerle birlikte, iki bölümden oluşan kavramsal kısım oluşturulmuştur.
v
Üçüncü bölümde yer alan araştırma kısmında ise, kurumsal sosyal
sorumluluk uygulamalarının, kurumsal itibar seviyesine ne derece etki ettiği
araştırılmıştır. Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren ve KSS faaliyetlerine oldukça fazla
önem veren işletmelerden birisi olan OPET akaryakıt işletmesinin
hizmetlerinden yararlanan müşterilere yönelik olarak bir anket uygulaması
yapılmıştır. Anket sonucunda elde edilen veriler, istatistiki olarak analiz
edilerek belirlenen hipotezlerin geçerliliği araştırılmıştır. OPET işletmesinin
uyguladığı KSS projeleri hem alt boyutlar bazında hem de genel anlamda
araştırılarak, işletmenin kurumsal itibarına etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç
olarak, KSS faaliyetlerinin kurumsal itibar üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğu ve
KSS uygulamalarına zaman ve kaynak ayırmanın kurumsal itibarı olumlu
yönlü olarak etkilediği anlaşılmıştır.
The reputation of an organization is a reflection of the information that others have concerning how reliable the organization is from the viewpoint of its shareholders (or those interested in making business with it). Thus, the public opinion plays a major role in our understanding of that reputation. The value of reputation as an intangible asset is therefore, so great that it must be taken into consideration when making strategies and upon facing challenges as well. The objective of the current study is to collect opinions of a sampling group of lecturers and analyze those opinions in respect to the reputation subject in general and to the reputation of Iraqi educational institutes in particular, showing the potency (effectiveness) of the role played by the high management in reflecting (revealing) the reputation of the organization to the public opinion. Moreover, the study regards the reputation of the organization and its ethics as a critical success factor due to its role in turning that organization into a success or a failure. The global increase in the number of organizations adopting ethical systems has added more to the significance of the reputation of the organization, making it even more vivid. However, some of the approaches adopted do not take into consideration the importance of ethics and the need to put those ethics in practice. The statistical description of data was applied as a method on the targeted sample which included (132) lecturers from different universities in Iraq. Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics software were also used in demonstrating the relative importance of the characteristics of the reputation. The research came at the conclusion that the reputation of the organization and its ethics are the most critical factors of success, recommending that the organizations should stress on the importance of this factor. It also recommended that the educational establishments consider the reputation of the organization as one of the most significant strategic issues.
This article develops and tests an identity-based account of malfeasance in consumer markets. We hypothesize that multi-brand organizational structures help predatory firms short-circuit reputational discipline by rendering their underlying identities opaque to consumer audiences. The analysis utilizes comprehensive administrative data on all U.S. for-profit colleges, an industry characterized by widespread fraud and poor (although variable) educational outcomes. Consistent with the hypothesis that brand multiplicity facilitates malfeasance by reducing ex ante reputational risks, colleges that are part of multi-brand companies invest less in instruction, have worse student outcomes, and are more likely to face legal and regulatory sanctions (relative to single-brand firms). Maintaining multiple outward-facing brand identities also mitigates reputational penalties in the wake of law enforcement actions, as measured by news coverage of legal actions, and by subsequent enrollment growth. The results suggest identity multiplicity plays a key role in allowing firms to furnish substandard products, even amid frequent scandals and media scrutiny. Predatory practices are facilitated not only by the inherent informational asymmetries in a given product, but also by firms’ efforts to make themselves less legible to audiences. The analysis contributes to research on higher education, organizational theory, and the sociology of markets.
The profound cultural and communicational changes brought by internet and social media platforms in the last two decades have had major repercussion in the conceptualization of the world of information and many of its dynamics. In the last decade we have a conspicuous crescent amount of scientific literature focused on social media environments and, consequently, many new fields of application and research studies have spread. Social media platforms possess an accessible democratic nature that opens to everyone the territories once controlled by the mass media, official sources of political parties, organizations, and governmental institutions. In this article we will explore some of these peculiar dynamics and phenomena examining how social media have been involved by and have contributed to constructing the social imaginary and the conceptual frame of the current global pandemic caused by Coronavirus. We will also analyze the use of the war metaphor made by many politicians referring to COVID-19 in order to shape public understanding. We also aim to demonstrate that structural changes in communication, made possible by the digital dimension of social media together with the narrative-subjective approach to the facts have undermined the epistemological basis of truth as a realistic representation of the world. Keywords: communication, COVID-19, fake news, infodemic, post-truth
This chapter traces the concept of organizational identity in organization theory and places it in the social media context. It proposes that organizational communication theories intellectually based in the “linguistic turn” (e.g., the Montreal School Approach to how communication constitutes organizations, communicative theory of the firm) are well positioned to illuminate the constitutive capabilities of identity-bound interaction on social media. It suggest that social media is more than another organizational tool for communication with stakeholders in that it affords interactants the opportunity to negotiate foundational organizational practices: organizational identity, boundaries, and membership, in public. In this negotiative process, the organizing role of the stakeholder is emphasized and legitimized by organizational participation and engagement on social media platforms. The Montreal School Approach's conversation–text dialectic and the communicative theory of the firm's conceptualization of organizations as social, are two useful concepts when making sense of organization–stakeholder interaction in the social media context.
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