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Taxonomic status of the oreasterid sea star Bothriaster primigenius Döderlein, 1916 (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)
Abstract
One of the oreasterid sea stars, Bothriaster primigenius, is a rarely encountered species in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. The taxonomic position of this species, and more specifically, whether to recognize this sea star as a species, remains unresolved. To resolve the question, we assessed the specific validity of this sea star based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis. The results revealed that this species is a young individual of another oreasterid sea star, Choriaster granulatus, and is placed as a junior synonym for the same.
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raxmlGUI is a graphical user interface to RAxML, one of the most popular and widely used softwares for phylogenetic inference using maximum likelihood.
Here we present raxmlGUI 2.0, a complete rewrite of the GUI which seamlessly integrates RAxML binaries for all major operating systems with an intuitive graphical front‐end to setup and run phylogenetic analyses.
Our program offers automated pipelines for analyses that require multiple successive calls of RAxML, built‐in functions to concatenate alignment files while automatically specifying the appropriate partition settings, and one‐click model testing to select the best substitution models using ModelTest‐NG. In addition to RAxML 8.x, raxmlGUI 2.0 also supports the new RAxML‐NG, which provides new functionality and higher performance on large datasets.
raxmlGUI 2.0 facilitates phylogenetic analyses by coupling an intuitive interface with the unmatched performance of RAxML.
We report a major update of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. This version has several new features, including
options for adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment, adjustment of direction in nucleotide alignment, constrained
alignment and parallel processing, which were implemented after the previous major update. This report shows actual examples
to explain how these features work, alone and in combination. Some examples incorrectly aligned by MAFFT are also shown to
clarify its limitations. We discuss how to avoid misalignments, and our ongoing efforts to overcome such limitations.
Seastars are some of the most beautiful and intriguing animals living in our oceans. Their shapes, diversity of colours, sizes and surface patterns are unique and amazing. Found from the deep sea to the shallow waters of intertidal areas, these 'stars of the sea' are often encountered by swimmers, snorkellers and divers, or even washed up on shore after storms and wild seas.
This comprehensive guide introduces the shallow water seastars of Australia, how to identify them, where they live, what they eat, when and how they reproduce, and many other fascinating aspects of their biology
Most coral-reef asteroids of Guam, at least 24 species in total, represent those which are widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific. The diversity of asteroid fauna in Micronesia and its surrounding region follows a general trend of a faunal center in the rich Indo-Malayan Archipelago area with the number of species diminishing eastward in the scattered and remote oceanic islands. Larval development in many common reef asteroids is oriented toward dispersion by producing planktotrophic and surface-floating larvae which stay in the pelagic environment for three weeks or longer. The major oceanic surface currents flow westward, driven by steady trade winds in the area surrounding Guam and most of the Micronesian Islands. It is argued that local recruitment of asteroid populations might be hazardous under such circumstances where coastal water masses would hardly conserve larval populations inshore. Juvenile populations of reef asteroids have been rarely located in the field, in spite of conspicuous adult populations. Feeding habits, life histories, and other aspects of natural histories of reef asteroids are discussed.
The Valvatacea is one the most ecologically important, taxonomically diverse, and widespread groups of post-Palaeozoic (i.e. modern) Asteroidea. Classification within the group has been historically problematic. We present a comprehensively sampled, three-gene (12S, 16S, early-stage histone H3) molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Valvatacea. We include five of the six families within the Paxillosida, the monotypic Notomyotida, and 13 of the 16 families of the living Valvatida. The Solasteridae is removed from the Velatida (Spinulosacea) and joins the Ganeriidae and the Leilasteridae as members of the clade containing the Asterinidae. The Poraniidae is supported as the sister group to the large cluster of Valvatacea. Asteropseids and poraniids are phylogenetically distant, contrary to morphological evidence. Several goniasterid-like ophidiasterids, such as Fromia and Neoferdina are supported as derived goniasterids rather than as Ophidiasteridae. The Benthopectinidae (Notomyotida) are supported as members of the Paxillosida as are two members of the Pseudarchasterinae that have traditionally been considered members of the Goniasteridae. Our data suggest that Antarctic valvataceans may be derived from sister taxa in adjacent regions.
© 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 161, 769–788.
Über die Gattung Oreaster und Verwandte
- L Döderlein
Döderlein, L., 1916. Über die Gattung Oreaster und
Verwandte. Zool. Jb. (Syst. Abt.), 40: 409-440.
Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition
- L Döderlein
Döderlein, L., 1935. Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. III.
Oreasteridae. Siboga-Exped., 46(3): 71-110.
The littoral Asteroidea of Port Galera Bay and adjacent waters
- J S Domantay
- H A Roxas
Domantay, J. S. & Roxas, H. A., 1938. The littoral Asteroidea
of Port Galera Bay and adjacent waters. Philippine J. Sci.,
65: 203-237.
Starfishes and other Echinoderms of the Tropical Indo-Pacific. 92 pp. Reef ID Books
- A Ryanskiy
Ryanskiy, A., 2020. Starfishes and other Echinoderms of the
Tropical Indo-Pacific. 92 pp. Reef ID Books (privately
published).