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Shodhak : A Journal of Historical Research
ISSN : 0302-9832
Volume: 53, Issue: 02, No: 14, May - August : 2023
UGC CARE Group- 1 Page. 100
A STUDY ON DIGITAL DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF THE
YOUTH
Dr Sheel Nidhi Tripathi Associate Professor, Dept. of JMC, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of
Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi
Dr. Syed Nawaz Ahmad Dean, AAFT School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Noida
Abstract
The Digital Revolution has modernized various parts of life, including Political Participation. As Digital
Democracy has the potential to enhance democracy in India by facilitating greater citizen participation in
the political process, this research paper analyzes the relationship between digital media and political
participation in India, looking at how digital platforms have facilitated youths' engagement in the
democratic process. The paper also discusses the impact of digital media on voter turnout, political
activism, and social mobilization.
The research paper uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data on digital democracy in
India. The study involves a survey of the youth of NCR to examine their use of digital media in political
participation. In addition, the paper analyzes data from the social media platforms of political parties,
political leaders, and government agencies to determine how they use digital media to reach out to citizens.
The paper aims to highlight that digital media has become a significant platform for political participation
in India. Digital media has enabled citizens to participate in the democratic process by providing a
platform to voice their opinions, share their views, and engage with political leaders. Moreover, the study
will try to establish the fact that digital media has been an effective tool for political mobilization and has
contributed to increased voter turnout in Indian elections. However, the study also will try to figure out
that because of the digital divide that exists in India, where many citizens still lack access to digital media,
is a significant challenge that must be addressed to ensure that digital democracy is inclusive and
accessible to all citizens. Overall, the research highlights the importance of digital media in promoting
democracy and political participation in India and underscores the need for policymakers to leverage
digital technology to enhance citizen engagement in the democratic process.
Key Words:Digital Democracy, Digital Media, Social Media Platforms, Media engagement and
Communication, Political Communication
Introduction
The Digital Revolution has changed the way we live and has transformed the way we communicate and
participate in politics. The emergence of digital media has brought about new forms of political
participation, such as social media, online forums, blogs, and other digital platforms. In India, digital
democracy has the potential to enhance democracy by facilitating greater citizen participation in the
political process. This research paper examines the relationship between digital media and political
participation in India and how digital platforms have facilitated youths' engagement in the democratic
process. The paper also analyzes the impact of digital media on voter turnout, political activism, and social
mobilization.
India is the world's largest democracy, with over 900 million eligible voters. However, the country has
been grappling with the challenge of low voter turnout and political apathy among the youth. According
to the Election Commission of India, voter turnout in the 2019 Lok Sabha elections was 67.4%, which is
lower than the global average of 70%1. Moreover, the youth, who account for a significant portion of the
population, have been largely disengaged from the democratic process.
Shodhak : A Journal of Historical Research
ISSN : 0302-9832
Volume: 53, Issue: 02, No: 14, May - August : 2023
UGC CARE Group- 1 Page. 101
The emergence of digital media has changed this narrative, as it has provided a new platform for political
participation. Digital media has enabled citizens to participate in the democratic process by providing a
platform to voice their opinions, share their views, and engage with political leaders. Moreover, digital
media has been an effective tool for political mobilization and has contributed to increased voter turnout
in Indian elections.
Methodology
This research paper uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data on digital democracy in
India. The study involves a survey of the youth of NCR to examine their use of digital media in political
participation. In addition, the paper analyzes data from the social media platforms of political parties,
political leaders, and government agencies to determine how they use digital media to reach out to citizens.
Literature Review
According to experts who are concerned about the relations between new media and democracy, the
internet or digital media has the potential to enhance public communication and enrich democracy
(Coleman and Blumler, 2009)2 . The potential of the internet to reshape democracy is strongly influenced
by the normative values presented in the direct work of defenders of democracy and public spaces such
as Habermas, Bohman, Dryzek, Putnam (Davis, 2010)3. They argue that Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) provides tools for the application
of theories of democracy and public sphere, especially regarding more inclusive society participation and
deliberative exchange between ordinary citizens and political elites. Therefore, in theory, the internet has
the potential for the renewal and development of democracy. It is believed by democracy theorists that
democracy can be preserved through the active participation of citizens in politics and their concern for
civic affairs. Moreover, according to Towner (2013)4, the use of mass media is a positive indicator of
political participation, and with the changing media landscape, the internet has taken on an increasingly
significant role in politics. Some observers highlight the internet's potential role as a tool that can aid the
democratic process by providing citizens with access to political information. Additionally, some experts
suggest that the use of the internet has a positive impact on political participation, knowledge, and civic
engagement through social capital.
Digital democracy refers to the use of digital channels, particularly Web 2.0, as a means of political
participation or public support. Web 2.0 is defined as a business revolution in the computer industry
resulting from the shift to the internet, as an attempt to understand the rules for success on the platform5
(Wikipedia, 2017). It refers to a perceived second generation of web-based services, such as social
networking sites, Wikipedia, communication tools, and folksonomies that emphasize online collaboration
and sharing among users. A sense of citizenship is fostered and policy processes become more transparent
and accountable towards young people through youth participation. At the same time, self-confidence is
built, a sense of initiative is developed, and skills that are relevant for the workplace, such as
communication, negotiation, or teamwork, are acquired and tested in a practical environment by young
people. Digital channels, especially web 2.0, are utilized as a form of political participation or public
support in digital democracy. According to John Rawls (1971)6, the significance of information to
democracy is referred to as information-based justice. In this digital era, the opportunities and challenges
for the embodiment of information-based justice arise as a result of the development of communication
and information technology. Therefore, fair information for citizens is essential for democracy because
people need access to knowledge to determine the best option for themselves in all areas of social,
economic, legal, cultural, and political matters. The presence of information technology has an impact on
the form of information distribution among the community.
Shodhak : A Journal of Historical Research
ISSN : 0302-9832
Volume: 53, Issue: 02, No: 14, May - August : 2023
UGC CARE Group- 1 Page. 102
Analysis
Political parties in India have been increasingly using digital media to reach out to voters and promote
their agenda. Here are some of the ways they use digital media:
Social Media: Political parties in India are actively using social media platforms such as Facebook,
Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube to connect with voters, share their messages, and promote their
candidates. They use these platforms to post updates about their campaigns, engage with voters through
live chats and discussions, and even launch online campaigns.
Websites: Political parties have their own websites where they provide information about their policies,
candidates, and events. Voters can also donate money online through these websites.
Mobile Apps: Many political parties have developed mobile apps that allow voters to stay updated about
their campaigns, donate money, and participate in opinion polls.
SMS and WhatsApp: Political parties also use SMS and WhatsApp to send messages to voters about their
campaigns and events.
Digital Advertising: Political parties are also using digital advertising platforms such as Google AdWords
and Facebook Ads to reach out to voters with targeted messages.
Analytical Description
Analysis of Social Media accounts, websites, and mobile apps used by political leaders and government
agencies in India could provide insights into their communication strategies:
1. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Twitter Account: Prime Minister Narendra Modi is known for his
active presence on social media platforms such as Twitter. A content analysis of his Twitter account
could reveal the frequency of his posts, the types of content he shares, and the engagement levels of
his followers. For example, his tweets often highlight his government's initiatives, policies, and
achievements, and receive high engagement levels from his followers7.
2. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's Website: The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's
website provides information about the government's healthcare policies and initiatives. A content
analysis of the website could reveal the types of information provided, the frequency of updates, and
the user engagement levels. For example, the website provides information on the government's
vaccination drive against COVID-19, and its page on COVID-19 receives a high level of user
engagement8.
3. MyGov Mobile App: MyGov is a mobile app launched by the government of India to facilitate citizen
engagement with the government. A content analysis of the app could reveal the types of content
shared, the frequency of updates, and the user engagement levels. For example, the app provides
citizens with a platform to share their opinions and ideas with the government, and users can
participate in polls and surveys on various government initiatives9.
4. Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal's Facebook Page: Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal is
known for his use of social media platforms such as Facebook to connect with citizens. A content
analysis of his Facebook page could reveal the types of content he shares, the frequency of his posts,
and the engagement levels of his followers. For example, his posts often highlight his government's
achievements in areas such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure, and receive high engagement
levels from his followers10.
Overall, digital media has become an important tool for political parties in India to reach out to voters and
engage with them in the run-up to elections. This analysis of the Digital Media platforms used by political
leaders and government agencies in India could provide insights into their communication strategies, the
effectiveness of their messaging, and the levels of engagement with citizens.
To understand the objectives in detail, a quick and a ‘Small Survey’ was also done on the youth of NCR
Region to find out the relevancy of the topic.
Shodhak : A Journal of Historical Research
ISSN : 0302-9832
Volume: 53, Issue: 02, No: 14, May - August : 2023
UGC CARE Group- 1 Page. 103
Analysis of Survey
This research study examined various aspects related to digital democracy and political participation
among the youth. The analysis incorporated several questions and demographic factors which bring forth
the following points:
The demographic information about the respondents based on the data, the majority of the respondents
fall within the 18 to 24 years age group, accounting for 68% of the participants. Respondents aged between
25 to 34 years make up 19% of the sample, while those between 45 to 54 years represent 14%. In terms
of educational background, 52% of the respondents are graduates, while 38% are postgraduates. This
suggests a relatively high level of educational attainment among the participants. Furthermore, the gender
distribution reveals that 38% of the respondents identify as male, while 62% identify as female. This
indicates a slightly higher participation rate from female respondents in the study. These demographic
insights provide valuable context for understanding the perspectives and experiences of the respondents
in relation to digital democracy and political participation among the youth.
Regarding digital media usage, the study found that a significant percentage of respondents (91%) reported
using digital media platforms multiple times a day, with Instagram being the most widely used platform
for political discussions (35%). Additionally, a majority of respondents (46%) followed political leaders
or government agencies on social media.
In terms of engagement in online political discussions, the analysis revealed that a significant portion of
respondents engaged sometimes (24%), while a substantial number engaged rarely (40%) or never (27%).
This indicates variations in participation levels among the surveyed population.
When asked if digital media helped them become more politically active, the majority of respondents
(70%) agreed that it did, while a smaller percentage disagreed (11%) or remained unsure (19%).
Furthermore, respondents believed that digital media made it easier (81%) or did not make a significant
difference (17%) in their ability to participate in the democratic process.
The study also explored the respondents' involvement in digital campaigns or online petitions related to
politics in India. While 30% of respondents participated occasionally, a notable proportion (46%)
expressed their willingness to participate in such activities.
Regarding the impact of digital media on voter turnout in Indian elections, a significant percentage of
respondents believed that it has increased turnout either significantly (38%) or to some extent (43%).
However, a notable percentage remained unsure (14%) about its impact.
Overall, the findings highlight the significant role of digital media in shaping political engagement among
the youth in India. The study underscores the potential of digital platforms to increase citizen participation
in the democratic process, particularly through social media channels. However, challenges such as low
participation in online political discussions and the need to address misinformation remain areas for
further consideration. The insights gained from this analysis provide valuable context for understanding
the dynamics of digital democracy and political participation among the surveyed youth demographic.
Conclusion
The research emphasizes the significant role of digital media in enhancing democracy and political
participation in India. By leveraging digital platforms and technologies, citizens are able to actively engage
in the democratic process and experience heightened political involvement, particularly among the youth
population. The advent of digital media has revolutionized the way individuals interact with political
content, candidates, and campaigns.
One crucial aspect of digital media's impact on democracy in India is its ability to facilitate citizen
participation. Through various online platforms such as social media, news websites, and dedicated
political forums, citizens can easily access information, express their opinions, and actively engage in
discussions surrounding political issues. This accessibility and ease of communication have broken down
Shodhak : A Journal of Historical Research
ISSN : 0302-9832
Volume: 53, Issue: 02, No: 14, May - August : 2023
UGC CARE Group- 1 Page. 104
barriers that previously limited political engagement to traditional channels such as rallies, public
meetings, and print media.
Digital media has also proven to be a powerful tool for political mobilization. Social media platforms have
played a vital role in organizing and coordinating political campaigns, protests, and movements. They
enable citizens to connect and collaborate with like-minded individuals, amplify their voices, and mobilize
support for political causes. This level of mobilization has been instrumental in bringing attention to
various social and political issues, leading to increased public awareness and demand for change.
Furthermore, digital media has contributed to increased voter turnout in Indian elections. Online voter
registration systems, information dissemination through digital channels, and social media campaigns
have helped in spreading awareness about the importance of voting and the electoral process. Digital
platforms have allowed political parties and candidates to reach a broader audience and engage with voters
on a more personalized level. These efforts have resulted in a higher level of political participation and an
increased sense of civic duty among the population.
However, it is essential to acknowledge the digital divide that exists in India. The digital divide refers to
the gap between individuals who have access to digital technologies and those who do not. While digital
media has the potential to empower citizens and enhance democracy, it can also create disparities if not
accessible to all segments of society. In India, various factors such as economic inequality, geographical
location, and educational disparities contribute to the digital divide.
To ensure that digital democracy is inclusive and accessible to all citizens, policymakers must address the
challenges posed by the digital divide. This involves implementing measures to bridge the gap in access
to digital technologies, improving internet connectivity in remote areas, and promoting digital literacy
among all segments of society. Policymakers should also consider formulating regulations and guidelines
to ensure the responsible and ethical use of digital media in political campaigns, addressing issues related
to misinformation, and safeguarding user privacy.
In conclusion, the research underscores the transformative impact of digital media on democracy and
political participation in India. It highlights the positive effects of digital media in promoting citizen
engagement, political mobilization, and increased voter turnout. However, the existence of the digital
divide poses a significant challenge that policymakers must address to ensure that digital democracy is
accessible and inclusive to all citizens. By leveraging digital technology, policymakers can enhance citizen
engagement in the democratic process and work towards creating an equitable and participatory digital
democracy in India.
References
1. "India's 2019 election turnout lowest in decades" (BBC News, 2019)
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48314616
2. Coleman, S. and Blumler, J.G. (2009). The Internet and Democratic Citizenship: Theory, Practice, and
Policy. Cambridge University Press, New York.
3. Davis, A. (2010). “New Media and Fat Democracy: The Paradox of Online Participation”. Vol. 12, No.
5, pp. 745–761.
4. Towner, T.L. (2013). “All Political Participation is Socially Networked. New Media and the 2012
Election”. Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 31, October, pp. 527–541.
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-democracy
6. Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
7. "Narendra Modi becomes most followed world leader on Instagram" (India Today, 2019) -
https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/narendra-modi-most-followed-world-leader-instagram-1619672-
2019-11-01 "Modi’s Twitter army: Inside the BJP’s social media machinery" (Scroll.in, 2018) -
https://scroll.in/article/895929/modis-twitter-army-inside-the-bjps-social-media-machinery
Shodhak : A Journal of Historical Research
ISSN : 0302-9832
Volume: 53, Issue: 02, No: 14, May - August : 2023
UGC CARE Group- 1 Page. 105
8. "Ministry of Health and Family Welfare website" - https://www.mohfw.gov.in/ "Govt launches new
website on COVID-19" (Livemint, 2020) - https://www.livemint.com/news/india/govt-launches-new-
website-on-covid-19-11583923842486.html
9. "MyGov app: How it works and what are the key features" (India Today, 2020) -
https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/mygov-app-how-it-works-and-what-are-the-key-
features-1653825-2020-03-20 "MyGov.in: Modi’s new weapon for citizen engagement" (Livemint, 2014)
- https://www.livemint.com/Politics/TfbvRcKjFToCt0bTlGJjvM/MyGovin-Modis-new-weapon-for-
citizen-engagement.html
10. "Arvind Kejriwal’s Facebook page" - https://www.facebook.com/AAPkaArvind/"Arvind Kejriwal's
social media strategy: What makes him so popular online?" (India Today, 2019) -
https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/arvind-kejriwal-s-social-media-strategy-what-
makes-him-so-popular-online-1516071-2019-04-20
