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Driving towards a sustainable future: Transport sector innovation, climate change and social welfare
... As urban populations continue to grow, cities are becoming more and more crucial for climate change mitigation efforts [2][3][4][5]. The transport sector is one of the main contributors to the emissions of both CO 2 and other air pollutants in urban areas [6]. Densification of the urban form has been a strategy to reduce transport emissions from reduced levels of car use, shorter everyday travel distances, as well as smaller living spaces that require less energy and, broadly, less infrastructure required per person [7][8][9]. ...
... Considering the rising populations in urban areas, the significant environmental impact of cities and travel [1][2][3][4][5][6], and the connection of both to wellbeing [18], it is imperative to understand the interplay between urban environments, travel behavior, and wellbeing. To reduce the environmental impact of cities, urban planning and policies should aim to meet the needs of the residents on multiple levels [23,39]. ...
Urban areas have a significant impact on climate change, with transport and mobility as one major source. Furthermore, the impact of urban areas on transport extends beyond their own geographic areas, via leisure travel. Research has suggested several mechanisms through which urban areas drive leisure travel, such as social norms, compensation for what is lacking in the urban environment or for the hectic daily life, and cosmopolitan attitudes, all of which increase leisure travel for its expected wellbeing benefits. More research is needed, however, about how the daily exposure to the urban environment affects leisure travel activity and how perceived wellbeing is associated with this. Therefore, this study was set to examine data from a 2017 softGIS survey from Reykjavík, Iceland, to study the connections between urban environment, local mobility, leisure travel, and life satisfaction. The study employs activity spaces as a basis for exposure modeling and canonical correlation analysis for statistical analysis. The results reveal that although exposure to green and gray spaces is important to overall life satisfaction, underlying socio-economic background is more relevant. Further, higher exposure to gray spaces was found to be associated with more emissions from long-distance leisure travel when socio-economic background was included, but it lost importance when attitudinal factors were added. Furthermore, indications of high levels of urban mobility leading to more leisure travel away from the city were found. Although overarching policy recommendations cannot be made, the study suggests having a more citizen-oriented approach in urban planning, particularly for mobility, which could yield benefits for both wellbeing and climate mitigation outcomes.
... This has resulted in increased greenhouse gas emissions, contributing substantially to climate change. Freight and passenger transport determine economic development, but primary energy consumption also has a negative impact on the environment [29]. Therefore, transport plays a significant role in stimulating economic development [30], a major contributor to GHG emissions [31]. ...
Environmental protection and climate change are the most debated issues, both in economic research and in EU legislative regulations. This work is also focused on these issues and aims to analyze the evolution of GHG emissions from transport, the main contributor to total emissions. The novelty of this research aligns with the EU climate policy established within the European Green Deal’s “Fit for 55” package, aiming for a 55% reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 (compared to 1990 levels), and the broader objective of climate neutrality by 2050 as outlined in the European Climate Law. The study’s originality lies in the selection of variables that can influence the reduction of emissions and the anticipation of future developments using the Prophet model, for the period 2024–2050. The estimates obtained allowed the construction of clusters to identify EU member states that will record reductions in GHG emissions in the analyzed period and will be able to represent models for other economies. The results obtained are beneficial for decision-makers at European and national levels and highlight the need for urgent action to reduce emissions and limit the negative effects of climate change.
... This is mainly because technological innovations facilitate deploying energy-efficient propulsion engines and low-carbon vehicular motors, which help decarbonize the transportation sector (Khurshid et al. 2023a, b, c). Moreover, studies by Khurshid et al. (2023b) and Kwilinski et al. (2024) for EU nations, Liu et al. (2022) for India, Bhowmik et al. (2022) for the top five countries with transport emissions and German et al. (2023) for the Philippines also reported similar findings. However, using heterogeneous panel estimators, Altas (2022) reported a positive effect of GTI on transport-based emissions for 15 EU nations from 1977 to 2015. ...
Although the transportation sector is a crucial component of economic growth, it also substantially contributes to environmental degradation. Thus, in alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the decarbonization of the transportation sector is pivotal for achieving SDG 11. Therefore, this study explores the underlying role of biofuel consumption (BC), green technology innovation (GTI), and environmental policy stringency (EPS) in abating transport sector emissions for eleven emerging economies spanning from 2005 to 2022. This study examines the individual and moderation effects using the cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) and augmented mean group (AMG) estimators while addressing the heterogeneity and unobserved endogeneity issues. The empirical findings posit that while biofuel has a positive impact, EPS has a modest but negative impact on transportation emissions. Conversely, GTI significantly abates transportation emissions in emerging countries. Besides, the moderation effect of EPS with BC and GTI significantly abates transportation emissions in the long run. Thus, this study suggests implementing coherent policies that include tax benefits, biofuel mandates to produce advanced biofuel products, and coordinated efforts to strengthen institutional and regulatory frameworks to decarbonize the transportation sector and achieve sustainable goals.
... Amidst the contemporary global discourse on sustainability, the imperative to reduce carbon emissions emerges as a central concern [1], given its extensive ramifications on environmental integrity [2], economic robustness [3], and social welfare [4]. As global concerns about climate change intensify, policymakers and academics are increasingly focusing on carbon emissions as a critical priority. ...
The manufacturing sector, a major contributor to global carbon emissions, is under growing pressure to adopt sustainable practices. Despite its potential, green hydrogen as a clean energy solution faces significant challenges, including limited technological feasibility, high costs, insufficient regulatory support, inadequate infrastructure, low market demand, and lack of awareness. This study addresses these barriers by proposing a novel framework that integrates green hydrogen acceptance and green digital technologies to kickstart manufacturing SMEs' “Go Green” journey and enhance low carbon emission performance. The research investigates critical factors influencing green hydrogen acceptance—such as technological feasibility, economic viability, regulatory support, infrastructure development, market demand, and awareness—and evaluates the mediating role of green digital technologies in reducing emissions. Data were collected from 343 owners and managers of manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS 24.0 software. Findings reveal that the proposed framework significantly enhances low carbon emission performance, with green digital technologies playing a partial mediating role. This framework provides practical insights for SMEs to adopt sustainable energy solutions and digital innovations, fostering a supportive ecosystem for sustainability. Its real-world application empowers SMEs to reduce carbon footprints, meet regulatory goals, and gain a competitive edge in the green economy.
... Two recent studies explore the relationship between renewable energy and human health and find that contemporary public agendas should call for integrating health policy and renewable energy policy so that renewable energy generates more significant health benefits [13,14]. The importance of green energy is also highlighted in some recent studies, which demonstrate that environmental degradation leads to elevated temperatures and increased rainfall, consequently amplifying the economic burden on welfare and revealing that long-term sustainable goals hinge on the development of green transportation, renewable energy sources, and investment in research and development [26,27]. Access to renewable energy can affect human health through several channels. ...
Background
Although some socioeconomic, environmental, and political factors could impact life expectancy, the economic literature loses sight of the relationship between the widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies and their potential effect on global life expectancy. An insightful analysis of the socio-economic and environmental benefits associated with renewable sources forms the foundation for investigating the broader implications for public health and well-being. Using panel data from 27 European countries over the period 2000–2020, this study examines the effects of renewable energy consumption on human life expectancy as well as how institutional quality and investment in renewable energy projects might promote better health outcomes.
Methods
The methodological approach is carefully selected to address salient estimation issues and includes a qualitative sequential methodology involving empiric analysis that provides coherence and viability for our study, but also quantitative methods, including factor analysis, panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), unit root tests, and cointegration techniques.
Results
We find that renewable energy consumption and institutional quality can improve life expectancy in EU countries. Furthermore, the empirical evidence indicates that sustaining longevity as a new government strategy requires strong institutional quality, capable of influencing the status of renewable energy and promoting long-term sustainability.
Conclusions
Our findings bear essential policy implications regarding sustaining longevity as new government strategies and exploring the scale of the target to increase healthy life expectancy. The entire EU health policy and the government's recommitment to narrowing the gap in healthy life expectancy should be focused on improving institutional quality and reducing carbon emissions through promoting projects capable of increasing renewable energy consumption. The results suggest that, on average, a 1% change in renewable energy consumption leads to a 0.331 change in life expectancy, and a 1% change in institutional quality leads to a 0.316 change in life expectancy.
... Transportation plays a pivotal role in enhancing individual and societal well-being, fostering economic growth, and elevating overall quality of life [1]. Nonetheless, it is not without its grave implications, particularly the distressing prevalence of traffic accidents that carry the potential for severe harm or loss of life. ...
This paper addresses the critical issue of road safety in the indispensable role of transportation for societal well-being and economic growth. Despite global initiatives like Vision Zero, traffic accidents persist, largely influenced by driver behavior. Advanced driver monitoring systems (ADMSs) utilizing computer vision have emerged to mitigate this issue, but existing systems are often costly and inaccessible, particularly for bus companies. This study introduces a lightweight, deep-learning-based ADMS tailored for real-time driver behavior monitoring, addressing practical barriers to enhance safety measures. A meticulously curated dataset, encompassing diverse demographics and lighting conditions, captures 4966 images depicting five key driver behaviors: eye closure, yawning, smoking, mobile phone usage, and seatbelt compliance. Three object detection models—Faster R-CNN, RetinaNet, and YOLOv5—were evaluated using critical performance metrics. YOLOv5 demonstrated exceptional efficiency, achieving an FPS of 125, a compact model size of 42 MB, and an mAP@IoU 50% of 93.6%. Its performance highlights a favorable trade-off between speed, model size, and prediction accuracy, making it ideal for real-time applications. Faster R-CNN achieved an FPS of 8.56, a model size of 835 MB, and an mAP@IoU 50% of 89.93%, while RetinaNet recorded an FPS of 16.24, a model size of 442 MB, and an mAP@IoU 50% of 87.63%. The practical deployment of the ADMS on a mini CPU demonstrated cost-effectiveness and high performance, enhancing accessibility in real-world settings. By elucidating the strengths and limitations of different object detection models, this research contributes to advancing road safety through affordable, efficient, and reliable technology solutions.
... international climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement 16 . In order to transition to a low-carbon economy that can support global growth while reducing the negative consequences of climate change, it is important to strike a balance between environmental stewardship and economic development 17 . ...
The G20 countries are responsible for around 75% of the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including the use of natural resources. In this regard, the role of globalization in achieving environmental sustainability is a relatively new topic of concern. As a result, the present study considers how globalization and natural resources affect GHG emissions, as well as the roles that renewable energy consumption and urbanization play in the G20 countries between 1990 and 2020. Moreover, this research utilizes advanced panel data estimation methods to assess these interrelationships, like CUP-FM and CUP-BC methods. The study finds that globalization and natural resource use contribute to increased GHG emissions, with a more pronounced effect in high-income countries because most of the countries have extended carbon taxes or emissions trading systems in the last few years. Conversely, the adoption of renewable energy is associated with a reduction in emissions, underscoring the importance of transitioning to cleaner energy sources. Urbanization trends also correlate positively with GHG emissions, highlighting the environmental impact of rapid urban growth, particularly in middle-income countries. These results underscore the need for targeted policy interventions. High-income countries should intensify efforts to reduce emissions through renewable energy and stricter regulations on resource consumption. While, middle-income countries require support to manage urbanization and adopt sustainable practices. This study provides crucial insights into the complex dynamics of globalization, resource use, and sustainability, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and researchers engaged in environmental management and climate change mitigation.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-81613-6.
... Policy mechanisms that facilitate sustainability-oriented innovation are essential in guiding private-sector initiatives. These instruments may encompass market-based mechanisms (including carbon pricing, emissions trading systems, and renewable energy subsidies) [34], regulatory frameworks (such as emissions standards or mandates for renewable energy utilization) [35], and financial incentives (like tax breaks or grants for the advancement of green technology) [36]. This article examines the integration of such instruments into Trump's economic strategy, promoting private-sector innovation in accordance with the administration's emphasis on job creation and economic growth. ...
This paper explores the prospective influence of private-sector leaders,
particularly Elon Musk, on the formulation of climate and energy policy in
a possible second term of President Donald Trump. Historically, the
goals of the Trump administration have been viewed as opposed to
environmental advocacy; yet, this analysis explores the potential for
public-private partnerships that reconcile economic objectives with
climate-positive results. Musk's enterprises—Tesla, SpaceX, and
SolarCity—are transforming clean energy, and his impact on federal
climate policies may initiate a new phase of environmentally sustainable
economic development within conservative administration. This study
analyzes case studies where Musk has collaborated with public
authorities to tackle environmental and energy issues, highlighting
practical strategies for partnership. Potential synergies are seen in
sectors including renewable energy, electric vehicle infrastructure, and
sustainability-oriented manufacturing, underscoring their alignment with
Trump's economic plan. Additionally, the article examines the policy
mechanisms—tax incentives, regulatory reforms, and investments in
clean technology—that may encourage private sector participation in a
nationally endorsed climate agenda. This article advocates for a
worldview in which leaders like Musk advance environmental progress
by harmonizing innovation with conservative regulatory frameworks while
preserving traditional economic objectives. Ultimately, it advocates for a
revolutionary public-private partnership paradigm that utilizes private
sector expertise to tackle climate challenges. This viewpoint enhances
the current dialogue on sustainable development and the changing
function of private enterprises in public policy, proposing a future where
economic growth and environmental stewardship coexist within U.S.
federal climate policy.
... It is believed that new transportation technologies lower welfare costs and emissions, with renewable energy contributing the most. The study stressed the importance of renewable energy and sustainable transportation for carbon neutrality and sustainable mobility by 2050 [27]. Over 15 years, electric and CNG buses are the most cost-effective; but, by 2035, hydrogen buses are anticipated to have the lowest operating costs due to anticipated changes in fuel prices and inflation [28]. ...
In the twenty-first century, global warming has become one of the severe challenges. Around one-fourth of the total carbon footprint is contributed by transport vehicles. It is crucial to provide alternative solutions to unsustainable transportation systems. This study compares the present travel modes of students of the Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, with the proposed sustainable travel mode. A campus survey (N = 565) was conducted to understand travel choices, travel times, origin and destinations, and student preferences, considering university buses and private vehicles. A comparison was made between the travel time analysis of university bus users and non-bus users. A sustainability analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of the present travel modes on students and the proposed university bus transport system. Five main factors were compared: fuel consumption and associated fuel costs, carbon and vehicular emissions, traffic noise pollution, traffic congestion, and accident ratio. The results show that 38% of students commute by private cars and 18% by motorbikes. Around 25% of the students avoid university buses due to long travel times, and 30% prefer because their parents ask them. On average, university buses take 56.8 min, and non-bus transports take 38.8 min for one-way travel. If all students travel by university busses, they could be 86% more sustainable in fuel costs and carbon emissions than non-bus travel modes. These results give useful policy implications for providing sustainable travel alternatives to educational institutions.
... Some of the measures include creating more green spaces with efficient energy consumption, providing green waste management solutions (such as chemical recycling, and waste-to-energy), reducing air pollution from vehicles and industries in urban areas, and access to clean water. Sustainable transportation such as vehicles using alternative fuel or electric vehicles may reduce air pollution, 71,72 community carpooling or opting for public transport may also lessen air pollution and reduce traffic congestion, as encouraging environmentally friendly transportation is one way to build a greener future. ...
Malaysia has initiated a roadmap aligned with the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to integrate them into its national development strategy. Chaired by the Prime Minister, the National SDG Council has established a participatory governance structure to foster collaboration among government agencies, civil society, and the private sector, promoting understanding of the SDGs’ interconnectedness. National symposiums and focus group sessions have been conducted to raise awareness and gather stakeholder input in formulating SDG-related policies and programs. Collaboration with NGOs, civil society, and the private sector has been prioritized, with initiatives integrated into the 11th Malaysian Plan to incorporate sustainable development into the national strategy. The creation of a national SDG Roadmap will offer a systematic approach to realizing the UN’s 2030 Agenda for SDGs. Chemistry serves as a crucial element in advancing SDGs by addressing pressing challenges and exploring new avenues for sustainable development. This article examines Malaysia’s sustainable development journey through a chemical lens, addressing 12 of the 17 SDGs. Malaysia aims to play a pivotal role in achieving these goals, addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges by leveraging scientific knowledge and innovation in chemistry. The recommendations underscore Malaysia’s potential to become a more resilient and sustainable nation, contributing significantly to global sustainability efforts.
... Various measures are being tried in polluting sectors, promoting a more intensive transition towards sustainability, such as greener harvesting practices in the agricultural sector or using renewable energy in the transport sector [30]. Green transport based on renewable energy could be an excellent tool for achieving carbon neutrality [31]. The authors [32] distinguish that it is difficult to combine sustainability goals and efficiency results in the agricultural sector, which makes this sector vulnerable. ...
Corporate sustainability performance is gaining ever greater importance. The negative impact of climate change is manifested through heavy air, water and soil pollution. Polluting sectors, as the major players, are characterized by large amounts of emissions, waste and consumption of resources, and therefore have a larger negative impact on the environment. Companies operating in polluting sectors are recognized globally as the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions; thus, their performance is widely debated. Despite their character, such companies strive for higher profitability, better financial performance and operational efficiency. However, higher financial resources create the potential for innovation investments in companies. It is widely accepted that research and experimental development (R&D) expenditures enable new business ideas, models, products, services, and processes. However, while pursuing sustainability targets, financial results could be directed towards sustainability performance. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the financial and innovation results of companies in polluting sectors interact with sustainability performance scores. For it, we have identified three essential pillars of sustainability: environmental, governance, and social. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions, models were developed for each pillar of sustainability, including corporate financial performance indicators and R&D expenditures. The obtained results provide the insights that a company operating in polluting sector size and turnover significantly interacts with all pillars of sustainability. However, we also found that the corporate debt ratio, earnings ratio, and current liquidity have a significant relation only with environmental and social sustainability indicators.
... In general, our estimations are consistent with earlier studies 12,15 2035 estimations), determining the trend inversion and explaining these differences (see Figure S4 and S6 of SI). Considering the results of the multiplicative regression model, the reasons for the different estimates are the renewable energy consumption, innovation practices, and economic sophistication, in line with previous studies [21][22][23]51,65,66 . ...
Urgent climate action, especially carbon emissions reduction, is required to achieve sustainable goals. Therefore, understanding the drivers of and predicting emissions is a compelling matter. We present two global modeling frameworks—a multivariate regression and a Random Forest Regressor (RFR)—to hindcast (until 2021) and forecast (up to 2035) emissions across 117 countries as driven by 12 socioeconomic indicators regarding carbon emissions, economic well-being, green and complexity economics, energy use and consumption. Our results identify key driving features to explain emissions pathways, where beyond-GDP indicators rooted in the Economic Complexity field emerge. Considering current countries’ development status, divergent emission dynamics appear. According to the RFR, a −6.2% reduction is predicted for developed economies by 2035 and a +19% increase for developing ones (referring to 2020), thus stressing the need to promote green growth and sustainable development in low-capacity contexts.
... Moreover, green transport using renewable energies is essential to achieve carbon neutrality (Khurshid et al., 2023b). Green transport neutralizes pollutant emissions (Khurshid et al., 2023a) and facilitates attainment of the 2030 SD agenda. ...
... Moreover, renewable energy, green and sustainable technology, and carbon emissions have a strong negative correlation. Khan and Khurshid (2024) for the Netherlands, Wang et al. (2022) for Central-Eastern European countries, Cao (2023) for E-7 nations, Hailiang et al. (2023) for BRICS countries, Jian and Afshan (2023) for G-10 countries, Khurshid et al., (2023a) for OECD countries, Khurshid et al., (2023d) for 15 most polluted European economies, and Khurshid et al., (2023c) for Central-Eastern Europe have shown that technological innovation has played a significant role in promoting environmental sustainability in the studied countries. Similarly, the impact of eco-technology on South Africa's CO₂ emissions is negative and substantial in the medium and long term (Bekun, 2024). ...
Energy access, affordability, and quality of institutions play an important role in adopting green technologies at the household level and facilitating the transition towards a sustainable future. This study examines environmental sustainability dynamics in 26 nations from 2001 to 2021 to emphasize Africa’s ecological calamity. The study evaluates the individual and interactive effects of green technology adoption-innovation, institutional quality, and energy access on household clean fuels technologies (CFT) adoption and GHG emissions. The hypotheses are robustly tested using Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), and Bootstrap Granger Causality is used for country-specific outcomes. The research revealed positive associations between CFT energy usage, climate change, and R&D expenditure but negative correlations with population and affordability. Innovation lowers GHG and CO2 emissions, and forests mitigate environmental damage. However, green innovation and institution quality (INIQ) negatively affect CFT. Meanwhile, the CTIQ reveals that adopting clean fuel technology and institutional quality has moderate environmental impacts. The study observed robust uni/bidirectional causality evidence in country-specific cases. The outcomes emphasize strategic investments in clean energy absorption, innovation, and institutional quality to promote sustainable environmental practices in African countries via customized green policies.
... Subsequently, environmental pollution becomes inevitable with the increasing amount of material utilization and waste generation, and the scale effect persists (Grossman & Krueger, 1995). Rapidly increasing population, industrializing societies, and irregularity in urbanization have become serious obstacles for activities associated with the preservation of natural resources (Khurshid et al., 2023;Onifade et al., 2021). For instance, Onifade et al. (2021) is among the current studies that found that a rise in energy consumption arising from the enhancement of production have increasing impacts on carbon dioxide gas. ...
Environmental protection and tax policies are part of the crucial pillars and the evolving aspects of environmental sustainability drive. These policies are increasingly employed to counter the 21st century's global climate problem alongside providing economic relief for the implementing economies. Being on the frontier (i.e., the European Union [EU]) of these policies, the current study examines and compares the impacts of environmental protection expenditures and environmental tax on energy consumption on the ploy to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the panel of EU member countries. With the use of system generalized method of moments and panel causality analyses, the study established the effectiveness of both environmental protection expenditure and environmental tax at improving environmental quality by respectively mitigating GHG emissions by elasticities of ~2.08 and ~0.18. Importantly, environmental protection expenditure is found to be about two times more effective at mitigating GHG emissions than environmental tax policy, thus providing a novel perspective in the literature. Moreover, energy intensity and Gross Domestic Product help to improve environmental quality by mitigating GHG emissions while population causes more pollutant effects. Additionally, the investigation reveals evidence of Granger causality from environmental protection expenditure to GHG emissions in seven of the EU countries and Granger causality from environmental tax to GHG emissions in 10 European countries. Notably, measurable dimensions of policy guidelines that are relevant for globally and/or nationally defined sustainable development goals are induced from the result of this investigation.
... The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimates that 95% of the solutions are intertwined with renewable energy and that by 2050, the proportion of renewable energy in energy supply will increase from 14% in 2018 to 74% (IRENA, 2021). However, the characteristics of renewable energy sources, notably their intermittency and uncertainty, are formidable obstacles to the transition to a low-carbon future (Ahmad et al., 2021;Khurshid et al., 2023). In recent years, advancements in AI technology have given rise to optimism that these challenges can be addressed. ...
... Shang and Lv (2023) reviewed the development of low-carbon technologies to achieve carbon neutrality, analyzed and summarized the research literature on low-carbon technologies in terms of urban low-carbon transportation and lowcarbon buildings, and illustrated the importance of lowcarbon transportation for carbon emission reduction and carbon neutrality in cities. Other scholars have studied the impact of technological innovation in energy utilization (Li et al. 2023a) and industrial production and processing (Khurshid and Deng 2021) on carbon emissions and the promotion of green growth, and Khurshid et al. (2023c) have studied the synergistic effects of new transportation technologies and green energy, combining them with new transportation technologies and green energy. Energy synergies and investigated their impacts on demand, economy, and carbon emissions. ...
The Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle is a vital growth pole and a new power source for Chinese high-quality development. Studying the spatial-temporal characteristics of carbon emissions and the role of factors affecting them under the transportation perspective is of great significance for this region to realize the carbon peak and carbon neutrality and to formulate carbon emission reduction policies. We use the exploring spatial data analysis (ESDA) and spatial regression model combined with the STIRPAT model, and research finding: (1) The total carbon emissions in the research area gradually increased from 2014 to 2020, but the growth rate showed a significant decline in 2019. (2) There is significant spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions in the study area; the hotspot areas of total carbon emissions are in Chongqing and Chengdu, forming a high-low aggregation of carbon emissions. Per capita carbon emissions show a high trend in the southwest and a low in the northeast. (3) From the factors of transportation perspective, highway density and private vehicles have a positive impact on carbon emissions, and urban road areas and public transportation have a very significant inhibition of carbon emissions and a spatial spillover effect. (4) Other factors, such as population size, national economic development, urbanization level, and industrial structure, all have a positive effect on carbon emissions, and disposable income has a negative effect on carbon emissions.
... Governments of this region must have solid policies for tourism development sector and force the tourists to maintain the cleanness and adopt the international laws of tourism. The correlation between tourist development and carbon emissions in SAARC countries can be ascribed to the energy-intensive characteristics of the tourism sector, encompassing transportation, infrastructure, and consumerrelated activities (Khurshid et al., 2023). ...
The intricate relationship between environment, globalization, and tourism has sparked captivating debates among researchers. Current work aims to explore the combined effects GDP, GDP squre(Kuznets curve) globalization, tourism development and financial development on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In particular, the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis within the SAARC region during 1995–2022 is investigated. To discern the long-term relationship between the variables, advanced estimators, namely continuous-updated fully modified and continuously updated and bias-corrected models, are employed. Findings indicate that globalization and tourism development contribute to increased emissions, while financial development helps in mitigating carbon emissions. It is emphasized that comprehensive changes encompassing economic, social, and political aspects are imperative to effectively curb emissions in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region. Policy makers should give careful attention to regional trade patterns, and the decision-makers of the SAARC countries are suggested to establish robust governmental and statutory frameworks to support sustainable tourism development. Furthermore, fostering financial development, particularly in the financial and private sectors, holds potential for addressing environmental degradation effectively.
Graphical abstract
... A large corpus of recent research reveals the aspects influencing environmentally friendly growth that is sustainable. Examples include FDI , (Waheed et al., 2018), economic growth (Çetin & Saygın, 2019), coal and oil consumption and industrialization (Sarwar et al., 2019), agricultural sector (Çetin et al., 2020), education and health , URB, environmental technology, and renewable energy (Cui et al., 2023), renewable energy, globalization, and trade , transport sector INV (Khurshid, Khan, Chen, & Cifuentes-Faura, 2023;Khurshid, Khan, Saleem, et al., 2023), financial development (Çetin et al., 2022, 2023Cetin & Ecevit, 2017), income inequality (Ozturk et al., 2022), coal industry , nuclear and geothermal energy (Ramzan et al., 2024). ...
This article examines the impact of government effectiveness (GE) and technological innovation on economic growth and environmental degradation in Middle East & North Africa countries. The study utilizes panel data from the period of 2002–2020. The findings indicate that there is a significant and positive relationship between innovation (INV) and CO 2 emissions (0.0244), while GE has a significant and negative impact on CO 2 emissions (−0.5753). In a similar vein, it can be observed that both INV and government efficacy exert a substantial and favorable influence on the process of economic growth (0.0353 and 0.0773). Furthermore, the interaction of INV and GE showed a noteworthy moderating effect on CO 2 emissions (−0.1581). Conversely, it exhibited a more pronounced positive influence on economic growth (0.1122). The study highlights that synergizing INV with GE is essential for attaining sustainable economic growth in the studied area.
The transportation sector ranks as the second-largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, primarily owing to its heavy reliance on fossil fuels. Consequently, the imperative to decarbonize transportation is paramount in the pursuit of sustainable development goals. However, despite its critical importance, research on decarbonization in transportation remains significantly limited. This gap in research is particularly glaring in developing countries, where there is a notable absence of studies addressing the decarbonization challenges within the transport sector. Addressing this research gap, this study aims to investigate the barriers and drivers influencing the decarbonization of the passenger transport sector in an emerging economy context, particularly for Bangladesh. The top three barriers identified include the ’Lack of concrete transportation policy’, ’Lack of decarbonization strategy/policy’, and ’Lack of biofuel refueling station/EV charging station’. These barriers are comprehensively analyzed based on various stakeholder perspectives. In terms of categorical barriers, policy barriers and technical barriers are predominant over other barriers. Despite these challenges, there is a growing interest in decarbonizing the transportation sector, albeit with some limitations. The primary drivers to decarbonize the transport sector include ‘Profitable return on investment’ and ’Government subsidies’. In terms of categorical drivers, economic drivers are dominant, followed by policy and social drivers. These findings are particularly relevant to the government bodies, users, manufacturers, and policymakers, offering valuable insights for navigating the complex landscape of decarbonizing passenger transport in emerging economies.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) promotes economic cooperation, connectivity, and
infrastructure development across economies. It impacts transport networks,
environmental practices, land use, resource consumption, and pollution levels, requiring
careful evaluation and analysis. In this backdrop, the present study delves into the impact
of green transportation systems on environmental quality in economies linked to the Belt
and Road initiative, employing a quasi-experimental approach. The results of the research
demonstrate that the implementation of green transport significantly moderates
environmental quality levels while simultaneously increasing carbon dioxide emissions.
To shed light on this outcome, we propose a development-matching theory. Most
importantly, the study's findings do not suggest a negative influence of green
transportation on environmental quality. Rather, within the context of the Belt and Road
framework, where investments flow from affluent to less developed nations, the latter
undergo a direct transition from the initial stage of economic development (characterized
by low carbon emissions) to the subsequent stage (marked by high carbon emissions) and
eventually reach the third stage (involving green energy). Consequently, green
transportation curtails the anticipated rise in carbon emissions that typically accompanies
economic development. As a result, green transportation effectively mitigates the
projected escalation in carbon emissions associated with economic progress.
Aligning with the United Nations SDGs, global efforts to enrich environmental quality can only be realized by decarbonizing carbon-intensive sectors, including transportation. Although emerging economies contribute substantially to the world economy, they struggle to achieve environmental sustainability with increasing industrialization, urban mobility, and transportation. Therefore, this study analyses whether the environmental tax (ET), green technology innovation (GTI), and biofuel use (BF) abate emissions from the transportation sector, considering 11 emerging economies from 2004 to 2022 using the dynamic fixed effect and CS-ARDL estimation techniques. The empirical analysis also discloses the imperative role of institutional quality (IQ) by integrating IQ's direct and moderation effects with GTI, BF, and ET. The empirical evidence highlights that while BF (-0.138), GTI (-0.074), and IQ (-1.303) ameliorate the decarbonization process, ET (-0.123) does not significantly decarbonize the transportation sector in the long-run. Furthermore, the results disclose an important role of IQ in moderating the emissions mitigation effectiveness of GTI (-0.174), BF (-0.129), and ET (-0.193) in emerging economies, indicating that benevolent institutional support is crucial for the sustainable transformation of the transportation sector in the long-run. Thus, this study suggests including policy mandates for generating second-generation biofuels, modernization of transportation infrastructure through green innovations, and strengthening institutional settings through a decentralized governance system to realize higher benefits and environmental goals.
The environmental, social, and governance (ESG) rating evaluates a company's value practices and impacts its operations. This study examines the effect of corporate sustainable innovation on ESG performance (ESGP) using data from 2009 to 2021 from Chinese A‐share listed companies. The analysis's findings, which utilize panel data models, indicate that effective, sustainable innovation enhances corporate ESGP. Moreover, the study demonstrates that private enterprises experience a more pronounced improvement in ESGP through sustainable innovation than public enterprises. Additionally, digital transformation positively moderates sustainable innovation and the ESGP relationship. These findings emphasize the financial advantages of sustainable innovation for business enterprises and the need for investor and governmental attention. Furthermore, prioritizing continuous innovation and advancing digital transformation efforts can further strengthen the constructive impact of sustainable innovation on ESGP.
Innovations in environmental technology are essential to address sustainability challenges. This study examines the sustainable development goals (SDGs) relationship with environmental technological innovation (ETI) in EU countries during 2000–2022, using a panel bootstrap causality approach. The result indicates bidirectional causality between SDGs and ETI. Furthermore, the findings indicate that SDGs have a causal impact on ETI in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Iceland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Similarly, ETI has a significant influence on SDGs in Austria, Estonia, France, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden. However, the remaining countries have no causal relationship between SDGs and ETI. The robust results further validate and confirm the reliability of the main findings, supporting the theoretical framework. Policymakers should incorporate the principles of SDGs into national innovation programs, providing targeted financing, incentives, and regulatory frameworks to support initiatives that align with SDGs.
Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, poses a critical threat to the planet, prompting countries worldwide to pledge carbon neutrality by the mid-century. This literature review identifies and analyzes strategies and technologies for achieving carbon neutrality across various sectors and regions. The study aims to determine the research focus across sectors, highlighting the well-studied sectors while identifying critical gaps in other sectors, offering policymakers and researchers a clearer understanding of which sectors need more attention and investment to achieve carbon neutrality goals. Through employing a systematic literature review approach, PRISMA 2020, 113 articles published between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed using content and bibliometric analysis. The results of the content analysis show that the energy sector is the most extensively studied, with a focus on the integration of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, and carbon capture technologies. Furthermore, results showed promising developments in energy-efficient electrification methods, and circular economy principles can be seen in the building, transportation, and industrial sectors. On the other hand, while having a large potential for sequestering carbon, the agriculture and forestry sectors are still understudied. As for the bibliometric analysis, this study reveals the complex interplay between technological innovation, sectoral strategies, and policy intervention in achieving carbon neutrality. It highlights the need for integrated, interdisciplinary approaches that consider interactions between technological, economic, social, and environmental factors. The analysis also emphasizes the importance of lifecycle assessment, economic complexity, and investments in shaping effective carbon neutrality strategies. As such, future research should address the identified gaps, particularly in agriculture and forestry, and develop more comprehensive models for the transition to carbon neutrality that incorporate both technological solutions and broader socio-economic considerations.
This paper uses panel data from 286 cities across 30 provinces in China to construct an intensity difference-in-differences model, examining the impact of the environmental protection tax on total labor demand and labor transfer. Empirical research demonstrates that the environmental protection tax significantly boosts total labor demand. Robustness tests confirm the validity of these findings. The effect of the environmental protection tax on labor demand varies significantly across industries, industrial structures, and regions, leading to labor transfers within these domains. Environmental protection tax increases labor demand in science and technology, water and environmental, health and social insurance industries, the tertiary industry, and the western regions. Conversely, it leads to a substantial reduction in labor demand within industries such as mining, manufacturing, electricity and gas industries, and the secondary industry. The labor transfer effect across industries, industrial structures, and regions is reflected in increased technological innovation input, industrial structure optimization and upgrading, and industrial regional transfer. Further analysis suggests that the development of the environmental protection tax can effectively promote economic growth and achieve pollution reduction. Based on these findings, the paper proposes policy recommendations to improve the environmental protection tax policy and foster labor growth.
Graphical abstract
Sustainable development is a global imperative; however, it is unattainable without a transformation of the production sector. Therefore, the study examines the impact of green strategies [Industrial innovation, Eco‐tech imports‐IMPT, and Green finances‐GFN] and policy interventions [Environmental policy‐EPY and Environmental taxes‐ETX] on production‐based emissions (PBE), industrial value addition (IVA), and sustainable development goals (SDG). The study covers the years 1990–2022 and focuses on 25 European nations. In addition, the pooled mean grouped (PMG)‐ARDL and mean group (MG) techniques were used to assess the short‐ and long‐term parameters. The country‐specific relationships are evaluated using the Bootstrap Granger Causality test. The results affirm that green strategies and policy interventions mitigated PBE and increased the IVA and SDG in Europe. However, globalization and energy use increase the PBE and IVA while impeding progress toward the SDGs. The mitigation technologies fueled with green energy (MPRE) came out as the ultimate solution, which requires green technologies and sustainable practices across all sectors. Therefore, it is suggested that governments implement eco‐friendly policies that boost GFN, reduce pollution, increase green output, and meet the Sustainable Development Goals.
In a phase of environmental awareness, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental governance's (EG) involvement in green innovation (GI) is a subject of growing significance. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the extent of environmental degradation that can be ascribed to the corporations listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. This study examines the detailed connection between CSR, EG, and GI within the context of ecologically sustainable development led by innovation. The data encompassing the years 2011 to 2020 are employed for this analysis. The findings indicate that the adoption of CSR initiatives by heavily polluting businesses significantly boosts their capacity for innovation. The positive effect is further enhanced by robust EG, particularly in the short term. The findings further suggest that CSR has a moderate influence on innovation within privately owned companies and those that primarily focus on addressing less severe environmental concerns. In contrast, CSR exhibits a more pronounced influence in state‐owned enterprises that face more substantial environmental challenges. The findings offer significant perspectives for businesses, policymakers, and scholars, thereby promoting sustainability and enabling eco‐friendly innovation in contaminated environments.
Sử dụng dữ liệu bảng cân bằng từ 33 quốc gia thành viên của Tổ chức Hợp tác và Phát triển Kinh tế (OECD) trong hơn 23 năm (1996-2018) và phương pháp ước lượng Pooled Mean Group, nghiên cứu này đánh giá tác động của đổi mới đối với tăng trưởng kinh tế trong cả bối cảnh ngắn hạn và dài hạn. Kết quả nghiên cứu khẳng định đổi mới làm giảm tăng trưởng trong ngắn hạn nhưng thúc đẩy phát triển trong dài hạn. Tuy nhiên, kết quả cũng cho thấy các quốc gia phải chấp nhận hy sinh tăng trưởng trong ngắn hạn để đạt được nhiều lợi ích hơn trong dài hạn. Đặc biệt, đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài và hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế thúc đẩy mạnh mẽ tăng trưởng kinh tế.
This study employs a rolling window approach to analyze the correlation between climate policy uncertainty and carbon emissions in the U.S. The findings demonstrate bidirectional causality between climate policy uncertainty and carbon emissions in the full sample. The rolling window results indicate that climate policy uncertainty causes carbon emissions in different subsamples and is influenced by uncertainty surrounding regulations, policy direction, energy prices, and technology adoption. Conversely, carbon emissions cause climate policy uncertainty across different subsamples. This uncertainty stems from increasing doubts about the feasibility and costliness of implementing ambitious climate policies, as well as uncertainty regarding climate laws and policy guidelines. Policymakers should prioritize providing precise and definitive policy details in order to reduce uncertainty and effectively respond to changes. Additionally, the adoption of technology impedes the reduction of emissions, while incentives such as carbon pricing should drive innovation and encourage wider adoption of low-carbon solutions.
A systematic exploratory review was carried out to describe the influence of climate change on the health conditions of land transport drivers, both physical and mental. Additionally, actions for the prevention of these complications are described. For the review, several databases, such as Science Direct, MEDLINE, Springer, PubMed, Redalyc, EBSCO, SciELO, and Scopus, were examined. There was the need to extend the search timeframe from 5 years to 10 years. The studies found consisted mainly of review articles, showing an emphasis on public health and a high frequency of possible physical effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. At the mental level, the presence of cases of anxiety, depression and stress were mentioned. As for alternatives for the prevention of these effects, the importance of creating public policies for health promotion and disease prevention was highlighted. It is important to increase scientific production in the field of occupational safety and health and applied studies.
Circular supply chains transform linear manufacturing into closed‐loop systems that promote Industry 4.0 and sustainable development. However, the barriers to China's textile sector have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study analyzes the contextual links between identified barriers and their prioritization for effective circular economy and green product development. This study enlisted 75 specialists to evaluate various obstacles utilizing the q‐ ROFS approach for comprehensive quantitative analysis. The results revealed the interdependence of barriers and identified major devising from the market, financial, and organizational sides. The significant impact of market barriers on other challenges is shown by high similarity (90%), showing market problems' profound effects. Financial constraints significantly impact organizational and market barriers, stressing the role of economic factors in adoption challenges. Sociological, financial, and market issues are interconnected with organizational barriers, emphasizing the need for an integrated strategy. Finally, the assessments rank market‐related constraints, followed by economic and organizational barriers. Then there are society, the environment, and technological, supply chain, and government barriers faced by the Chinese textile industry. These results emphasize the need for comprehensive policies to overcome market, financial, and organizational barriers and the role of economics and market dynamics in adoption.
This study explores the intricate interplay among cleaner energy, environmental policies, fiscal spending, trade and their impacts on green economic growth (GEG), and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) in the G-7 countries from 1990 to 2021. It fills a significant gap in the current literature by utilizing advanced second-generation panel data analysis techniques, particularly the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributive lag (CS-ARDL) technique. Primarily, it finds that environmental policy and cleaner energy correlate with reduced CO2e levels, highlighting their crucial role in environmental protection and carbon mitigation. Contrarily, the study reveals a complex effect of fiscal spending, showing that its impact on CO2e varies over short and long-term periods, potentially leading to environmental degradation. Additionally, environmental policy and cleaner energy adoption are linked with a boost in green growth, underlining their significance for sustainable development. The study’s results also support the theory that embracing eco-friendly technologies is crucial for sustaining and enhancing environmental quality. Furthermore, panel causality tests provide consistent results, supporting the argument for green growth and environmental sustainability advocacy among policymakers in G-7 countries. These insights offer a holistic understanding of the dynamics influencing environmental outcomes and present a factual rationale for informed policymaking.
Graphical abstract
Environmental regulation motivates producers to adopt greener and more sustainable technologies, fostering innovation in green technology. The study aims to examine the direct impact of environmental regulations (EPY) regulation on green innovation (EINV) to observe the learning effect in Europe. Therefore, this study uses a panel dataset of 25 European nations from 1994 to 2020 and employs the Spatial Durbin model to test the relationships. In addition, the study illuminates the significance of various factors, including environmental taxes, fiscal expenditure, urbanization, foreign direct investment, and research and development expenditures, in shaping the relationship between EPY and EINV. The results indicate that EPY has a significant total impact of 0.636 %, with a direct impact of 0.187 %. This direct effect incorporates both formal and informal EPY impacts on the development of green technologies. It indicates that EPY enhances EINV in Europe significantly. Furthermore, the spatial spillover effect demonstrates a substantially positive coefficient of 0.449 %, representing the learning behavior in European countries. The outcomes suggest that policymakers should consider EPY's direct and indirect effects on EINV when considering policy interventions to promote EINV in Europe.
This study aims to contribute to expanding international academic interest in enhancing the business, ecological, and social aspects of Industry 4.0. Specifically, the objectives of this study are twofold: (1) to assess the suitability of Industry 4.0 technologies for the triple bottom lines at the product level, and (2) to evaluate these technologies based on product sustainability criteria. Therefore, this study develops a novel Fuzzy Ortho-triplet interval-valued approach for securitizing technologies. To conduct a comprehensive evaluation, this study examines the perspectives of professional technologists holding significant positions as internal and external stakeholders in addressing technological matters within various organizations. The survey results revealed the extent to which nine key technologies could contribute to sustainability at the product level. The results showed that augmented VR has significant potential for advancing social sustainability at the manufacturing level. Similarly, big data analysis exhibits promising results for environmentally and economically sustainable practices at the product level. Policymakers interested in knowing about technologies and how they can be used to make sustainable products would benefit from this kind of assessment, which is essential for sustainable development.
This study evaluated the impact of geopolitical risk (GPR) on natural resources (NRs) by employing monthly from January 1990 to January 2023 and daily data from 3rd January 2022 to 31st March 2022. The outcomes using wavelet QQ and novel Bayesian structural model reveal that GPR has a more profound impact on oil prices (in a quantile range of 0.4–0.8), natural gas prices (range of quartiles from 0.4 to 0.8) and gold prices (in a range of lower to upper quantiles) exhibiting that they are more sensitive to geopolitical uncertainties at all levels. The effects of geopolitical risk are also prominent on palm oil in lower to upper quantile (0.2–0.7) and urea in medium or upper quantile, showing that higher uncertainty drives their prices. In contrast, the response of iron ore (IO) was observed only in upper quantiles (0.7–0.8). The results of the causal analysis reveal that the Russia-Ukraine conflict positively impact NRs prices and that there was a rapid divergence from counterfactual projections. Our findings bear significant implications for sample economies highlighting the alternatives to cope with the GPR and its consequences for natural resource prices.
Purpose
This study aims to explore the impact of monetary policy on bank lending rate with the moderating effects of financial sector development for eight Asian developing economics.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses panel autoregressive distributed lag/pooled mean group estimation over the period ranging from 1980 to 2020.
Findings
The empirical results exhibit an inverse link between monetary policy measured by broad money supply on the bank lending rate, indicating that the increase in the money supply by the central bank lowers the demand for loans and thereby lowers the cost of loan. Moreover, financial sector development decreases the lending rate and thus lowers cost of loan. It is also noted that the interactive term of monetary policy by lending broad money supply and financial sector development showed a positive impact on the lending rate in selected Asian developing countries during the period under the study.
Practical implications
The outcomes have many relevant policy implications that stronger financial development sector contributes to the efficiency of monetary policy. Regulators and policymakers are therefore recommended to pursue greater financial sector development to lower the cost for fund searchers and to lower the cost of loans, money supply increase is suggested.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the extant literature on the factors affecting lending rate with the prime aims of monetary policy effectiveness. This study also included financial sector development with some other variables and an interactive term of monetary policy with financial development to have new insight impact of both on the lending rate in developing Asian economies.
This study investigated the dynamic effects of economic growth, renewable energy consumption, urbanization, industrialization, tourism, agricultural productivity, and forest area on carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in Chile. Using the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approach, time series data from 1990 to 2020 were analyzed. A 1% increase in economic growth, urbanization, industrialization, and tourism will increase Chile's CO 2 emissions by 0.62%, 0.24%, 0.15%, and 0.1%, respectively. Additionally, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption, agricultural production, and forest area may lead to CO 2 emission reductions of 0.55%, 0.20%, and 0.98%, respectively. The estimated outcomes are insensitive to alternative estimators such as fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR). In order to ensure environmental sustainability through emission reductions, this article recommends policies on low-carbon economies, renewable energy consumption, sustainable urbanization, green industrialization, eco-friendly tourism, climate-smart agriculture, and sustainable forest management.
Green technology innovation is one of the driving forces of industrial structure upgrading. This innovation is thought to be related to environmental regulation. The study uses panel data for 30 Chinese provinces and cities from 2009 to 2020 and presents a comprehensive research-based explanation of how environmental regulations impact green innovation. This study employs the spatial Durbin model to analyze the spillover effect of the region. The results show that the total impact of environmental regulations is 0.223%, of which the direct effect is 0.099%. This impact includes the effects of both formal and informal environmental regulation. It indicates that ecological regulations significantly enhance green technology innovation. Furthermore, the spatial spillover effect is significantly positive at the 1% level with a coefficient of 0.124. Such spillover effects represent a learning effect of regional environmental regulation. Based on the results, the study suggests a few policy measures based on the detailed outcomes.
The continuous upsurge in worldwide economic development and human activities has intensified CO2 emissions that highlighted the significant role of eco-innovation and green investment in curbing CO2 emissions. The study aims to explore the impact of eco-innovation and green investment on CO2 emissions by using the China dataset for time period 1990–2019. The study adopts the ARDL approach. The study used two proxies to determine the impact of eco-innovation, namely environment-related technologies and patents. The empirical estimates of the ARDL approach confirm the negative impact of eco-innovation and green investment on CO2 emissions confirming that these determinants result in limiting CO2 emissions in China. Based on these findings, the study suggests strengthening environmentally friendly policies and the advancement of green investment to mitigate CO2 emissions.
The United Nations 2030 agenda states various sustainable development goals (SDGs) to counter climate change affecting individuals' health and economies. It puts forward various policy guidelines and tools to help in the mitigation process and orientation towards green growth. In this context, this study examines the influence of carbon taxes and innovation (mitigation technologies) on demand, supply and total emissions in OECD regions for a sample spanning from 2000 to 2018. The preliminary data testing employed second-generation approaches, whereas the long-run relationship among the variables is tested using error correction-based modeling approaches due to cross-sectional dependences. IPAT and STIRPAT models are used to test the demand- and production-based emissions, while PMG-ARDL is employed for total carbon emissions. The results confirm the presence of a long-run relationship among variables. Moreover, water and wastewater technologies neutralize production-based emissions by 68%, production and processing innovation by 62%, energy generation/transmission limit it by 39%, and transportation-related technologies lowered demand-based emissions by 15% in OECD states. Environmental taxes have a more dominant effect in lowering carbon emissions in the short run (25%) than in the long run (10%); however, energy consumption remains the main polluter in all sectors. In sum, the results reveal that the policy target achievement tends to be sub-region specific (Asia-Oceania, America, Europe). Nevertheless, carbon taxes and mitigation technologies are helping in achieving SDGs of carbon mitigation.
Graphical abstract
Research on consumers of electric vehicles appears to offer significant contributions relative to the behaviour factors that stimulate purchase. Although it is one of the topics most endorsed by international organisations, a holistic compendium of the literature is not provided. Therefore, different research directions necessitate a clear systematisation. This study moves in this direction by conducting a bibliometric and thematic analysis of 254 studies related to consumer behaviour in the electric car market. The research reveals the primary co-citation network between international journals and authors, a map of the leading research centres on the topic, and the dimensions covered by scholars. Additionally, the analysis extends the theory of planned behaviour, offering a valuable consumer identikit for practitioners. Based on the results, the study provides multiple research questions helpful to feed the academic debate.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are enforced by a set of instruments, among which environmental regulations, green innovation, and carbon taxes play a central part. This article aims to investigate the mitigation capacity of the above-mentioned elements using a sample of 15 European countries. This study takes CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) into account to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the findings. Augmented Dickey–Fuller and CIPS unit root tests, Pesaran CD, Bias-corrected scaled LM are employed to check the cross-sectional dependence. The panel effect is tested using error correction-based modeling along with dynamic approaches, while the Granger causality technique employs country-related outcomes. The results show that innovation and environmental policies help in reducing emissions both in the long and the short run. In addition to this, carbon pricing mitigates emissions in the regions although its effect is more country-specific. We find evidence of both unidirectional and bidirectional causality among the variables. However, in a few cases, they are too a country-specific artifact. As a general conclusion, carbon pricing is an efficient short-run tool to achieve SDGs. At the same time, long-run sustainability relies on green innovation and environmental policy stringency in the region.
No one denied the significant role of transportation infrastructure in economic development; however, it is also considered a major contributor to global warming. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development, it is imperative to transform the transport sector investment into low-carbon transportation choices. The public-private partnership investment in the transport sector could be proved a suitable tool for sustainable transport and efficiency. Therefore, we investigate the significance of public-private partnership investment (PPP) on transport emissions by incorporating the role of environmental innovation, economic growth, and population. Our preliminary findings confirm that all variables are abnormally distributed and embodied with structural breaks that distort true parameters in traditional regression. In compliance, we employ Quantile ARDL (QARDL) technique which provides more reliable results in case of non-normality, dynamic trends, and structural changes in data. The long-run empirical outcomes indicate that PPP reduces transport emissions mainly from middle (40th) to highest (95th) emissions quantiles. Similarly, environmental innovation reduces transport emissions from 60th to 95th quantiles. These results imply that the emissions-mitigating effect of PPP and environmental innovation is only pronounced at higher levels of transport emissions. The results provide valuable policy recommendations.
The dynamics of global emissions and the increasing focus on market-based policy instruments have prompted this research to examine the extent to which such instruments are successful in emission control. The study explores the influence of carbon taxes, eco-friendly innovations, and ecological policy in attaining sustainable development goals and fulfilling the mitigation targets of climate change for 2030. The article selected 15 EU countries from southern and western regions and tested the empirical relationship between 2000 and 2018. This work used second-generation testing approaches and error correction-based modeling approaches to analyze the relationship between the variables. The results show that eco-friendly innovations and environmental policies help reduce emissions in the long and short run. On the other hand, carbon taxes have a more prominent effect on mitigation efforts, specifically in the short run. Factors such as urbanization, economic growth, and energy consumption are the most prominent polluting elements, the results being consistent in all models. The results further show a unidirectional and bidirectional causality relationship between the variables, and outcomes are more country-specific. Given these arguments, carbon taxes are a short-term instrument in combating carbon emissions. However, the sustainable development vision 2030 relies on eco-innovations linked with research and development and the transition from gray to green energy.
Graphical abstract
Air transportation has a deep impact on environmental degradation due to the higher fossil fuel consumption. On the other hand, this industry also embraces the highest innovation that may alter its environmental consequences. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence that explores the impact of air transportation and eco-innovation on environmental quality. Therefore, this study is a pioneering attempt to examine the role of air-transportation and eco-innovation in reducing environmental degradation in G7 countries using annual data from 1990 to 2019. In doing so, we employed various advance econometric approaches to handle issues arises from panel data such as Pesaran (2007) and Bai and Carrion-I-Silvestre (2009) used to examine the presence of unit root, cross-sectional dependency checked through Pesaran (2015) test, and for parameters heterogeneity through Pesaran and Yamagata (2008). Moreover, the Westerlund and Edgerton (2008) test and Cross Sectional Augmented ARDL were employed to analyse the long run and short run association among variables. The overall results show that air transportation and eco-innovation play an important role in abating environmental deterioration. Air transportation is negatively correlated with carbon emission and PM2.5 exposure (air quality) due to the improved technical structure of aircraft engines and the use of mixed ration or alternative aviation fuels. These results provide valuable suggestions for all stakeholders.
The extant literature reveals that scholars and policy makers are highly concerned about exploring the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis using a different set of variables with the prime objective of exploring environmental degradation issues related to sustainable economic development for different countries. We examine the validity of the EKC hypothesis for the five most influenced economies of the G-20 from 1993 to 2017 using GDP per capita and CO 2 emissions, along with some other variables, namely technological development, financial development (FD), energy use, and social globalization to avoid any misspecification in the empirical model. The LM bootstrap approach confirms the co-integration in the series, and the panel Driscoll-Kraay standard error method confirms that veto-power economies have an N-shaped relationship between CO 2 emissions and GDP per capita. Furthermore, empirical findings exhibit that technological advancement and energy consumption positively correlate with CO 2 emissions, whereas FD and social globalization attenuate environmental degradation. These empirical findings suggest that appropriate policies need to be designed for these sample countries, depending on their GDP per capita and CO 2 emissions levels. An environmentally friendly policy may be adopted to achieve sustainable development goals. Policymakers also need to implement a policy that encourages financial development and boosts technologies with fewer polluting characteristics.
The pandemic causes social distancing and lockdown, which impedes consumer confidence and contracts the economy. Hence, this study analyzes the corona (COVID-19) impact on the airline industry revenues (ALR) and forecast by the vector autoregression (VAR) method. The results indicate that gross domestic product (GDP) and air cargo are the best predictors of ALR. The forecasting outcomes explore if ALR will decline and expect to back to pre-COVID-19 in 2023. Our results resemble both the V-shaped and U-shaped, which suggests slow gradual recovery with longer lockdown and border disclosure. The government can restore confidence building by providing economic stimulus packages and can encourage the airline to return to travel. Furthermore, softening the passenger rules concerning the refund of unflown ticket, reducing taxes, and reducing overflight taxes, all reduce the costs. Similarly, the mutually recognized global standards are crucial for effective execution, and any temporary measures taken by the government should have a clear exit strategy. The study major limitation includes the lack of relevant research and data availability.
The green innovations, environmental policies, and carbon taxes are the tools to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the mitigation process. This study is intended to examine the impact of innovation, carbon pricing (CTAX), environmental policies (EP), and energy consumption (ECON) on PM2.5 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission for Central-Eastern European countries. The panel effect during 2000–2018 is tested using a dynamic panel data model while the Granger causality approach obtains country-related outcomes. The outcomes reveal that eco-friendly innovations have a more profound effect on carbon mitigation. Environmental policies reduce emissions by 2.7% in the short run and 17.4% in the long run. Similarly, CTAX mitigates GHG emissions by 8.6% in the short-run and PM2.5 by 0.9% and 5.7% in the short and long run. However, urbanization, energy consumption and trade openness are the leading polluters in the region. The main findings remain dominant in the country-specific results and find unidirectional and bidirectional causality evidence among variables. The research concludes that green innovations and strict environmental policy can lead towards achieving sustainable development goals using carbon taxes as a tool on the way.
Graphical abstract
The role of technological innovation in lowering the pollution is motivated by the rise of global emissions. Technological innovation for carbon dioxide mitigation mainly focuses on the role of patents ignoring trademarks. This study tests the role of eco-patents and trademarks for carbon dioxide alleviation using data from 2000 to 2018. This study introduces a new interaction term by combining trademarks and eco-patents and examining the role of environmental policy, energy consumption, environmental taxes, urbanization, and economic growth on the environment. The panel effect is tested using the Nonlinear ARDL and OLS methods, whereas country-specific results are estimated using the Granger causality approach. The outcomes reveal that trademarks and eco-patents decrease carbon dioxide emission; however, energy consumption, urbanization and economic growth are the main polluters in both regions. Environmental policies and taxes have a significant impact on the western region’s mitigation efforts, while insignificant evidence is found for the southern region. Unidirectional and bidirectional causal relationships are observed among the variables; still, the outcomes are country-specific. The study also provides policy implications based on the results.
Switching to electricity in the ground transport sector is considered a promising way to achieve the energy transition and CO2 emission reductions required to meet China's carbon neutral target by 2060. In this study, a transport energy model containing an elaborate transport demand model and a technology bottom-up model for detailed behavioral and technological representations was developed to investigate how electric vehicles (EVs) will penetrate the markets in the long-term and what impacts on energy consumption and emissions would emerge following EV adoption in China at the provincial level. A set of scenarios was created based on different policy interventions for the promotion of electric mobility. The results showed that subsidies for EV adoption would significantly boost the market share and foster a rapid transition away from fossil fuels, while the business-as-usual scenario would only generate a moderate influence on EV penetration. The regional differences in the emission reduction potential due to EV subsidies across the 31 provinces indicated that policy instruments for EV promotion would have significant positive effects in the developed provinces in both the capital metropolitan area and southeastern China. An economic cost analysis revealed a relatively low economic feasibility in northeastern and northwestern regions where the emission reduction potential is also lower than the national average, implying that the developing provinces in northeastern and northwestern China require greater financial assistance and the establishment of supportive policies for EV promotion.
This book is about three key dimensions in economics—globalization, migration and the welfare state—that are of enduring interest. These issues are particularly important to consider at the present moment given the strains posed by the pandemic: there is at least a temporary setback to trade-globalization and migration, and the cost of fighting the pandemic will strain the ability of governments to provide welfare state services in a style and scope to which many of their citizens have become accustomed. The book explains the changing function of the welfare state in the presence of intensified globalization, or de-globalization, forces. The welfare state’s policy-maker attitudes toward openness and migration depend on open-economy fundamentals, and the income class it represents. The author demonstrates the interactions between migration, globalization and macroeconomic policy in practice, using real-world unique episodes, with Israel deemed as well-functioning trifecta, and the US and Europe as imperfectly functioning trifecta.
Assaf Razin is Schwartz Professor Emeritus of Tel-Aviv University, Israel, and former Friedman Professor of International Economics at Cornell University, USA. He received Israel’s EMET Prize in economics in 2017. His latest book is Israel and the World Economy: The Power of Globalization (MIT Press, 2018).
The purpose of this study was to examine the nexus amid economic growth, energy consumption and carbon emissions in G20 countries for the period 1992 to 2014. In order to obtain valid and reliable outcomes, more robust econometric techniques were employed. From the results, the studied panel was heterogeneous and cross-sectionally dependent. Also, the series of observed variables were first-differenced stationary and co-integrated. The key findings from the CCEMG and the AMG regression estimators adopted showed that economic growth and energy consumption promoted the emission of carbon in the countries. In addition, urbanization and foreign direct investments as control variables escalated the rate of the countries' CO2 emissions. From the discoveries of the Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test, a feedback causality between economic growth and CO2 emissions; energy consumption and CO2 emissions; and between urbanization and CO2 emissions were correspondingly unveiled. Howerver, a one-way caual link was evidenced from foreign direct investments to CO2 emissions. This exploration is vital because it will propel the countries to formulate policies that could help them to minimize their dependence on environmentally unfriendly energy sources, while promoting the usage of clean energies like solar, wind, biogas, biomass and hydropower among others. The study is also pertinent because it will aid the countries to plan, organize and implement environmental policies in compliance to their macroeconomic objectives. When this is accomplished, energy conservation policies implemented to minimize the emanation of CO2 will improve the countries' economic growth.
In recent years, a surging development of vehicles and continuous enhancement of transportation infrastructures have been witnessed worldwide, leading to a remarkable growing of traffic flow data. The traffic data is highly valuable in today's society, accurate modelling of traffic flow for the concerned areas can significantly benefit the government agencies, related commercial departments and individuals. Specifically, road users are allowed to make better traveling decisions, avoid traffic congestion, reduce carbon emissions and improve traffic operation efficiency. In order to estimate the possible traffic flow scenarios within a specific area for multiple horizons, we propose a scenario generation model based on sequential generative adversarial networks (LSTM-GAN) where the long short term memory (LSTM) network is incorporated to capture the temporal dynamics involved in traffic flows. Through game training, the spatiotemporal scenarios of traffic flow in line with the characteristics of observed road network traffic flow can be well generated. These traffic scenarios can be applied in the design and planning of road traffic system, as well as in the virtual training cases of intelligent driving.
The research explores the nexus between technological innovation and green growth in nine newly industrialized (NI) countries for the period from 2000 to 2016. Cross-sectional dependence and unit root tests are preliminary conducted. Pedroni’s panel cointegration and fully modified OLS (FMOLS) confirm the existence of long-run variables association. The outcome from IPAT, STIRPAT, and MLR reveals that production and processing-related technologies are harmful to green growth. Climate change mitigation technologies linked to transportation, water treatment, and processing have a positive impact on green growth. However, energy consumption, generation, and transmission technologies hurt the environment. Similarly, energy consumption in the agriculture sector adds in greenhouse gas emission, whereas, renewable energy is contributing positively to green production and growth. Environmental taxes and research and development budgets are playing a decisive role in the pursuit of green growth. The results have significant policy implications for policymakers, which can lead to green growth.
The continuous growth of transport sector and the increase in carbon emissions from transportation attract the attention of policy makers in sustainable transportation. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the determinants of pollution from transportation. The aim of this study is to analyze the impacts of economic growth, renewable energy consumption and urbanization on CO2 emissions from transport sector in an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework for European countries. To end this, second-generation panel long-run estimates and non-causality test are applied on the dataset from 1980–2014. Empirical pieces of evidence show that increases in renewable energy consumption mitigate carbon emissions from transportation, while urbanization has statistically insignificant positive impact on pollution. An increase in renewable energy consumption reduces CO2 from transportation by about 12 percent. The EKC hypothesis is validated. Moreover, unidirectional causality runs from renewable energy, economic growth and urbanization to emissions in transport sector. The findings of this study suggest strengthening the sustainable transportation system by promoting eco-friendly and energy-efficient modes of transportation and increase the environmental awareness of urban population and their overall concerns related to environmental issues caused by transportation. This study provides concrete evidence to the policy makers of European countries for especially sector-based renewable energy projects, drawing attention to the greenhouse gas impact of European transportation sector.
Graphic abstract
Under the threat of global warming, joint emission reduction strategy has been widely adopted as an effective solution for the industry to guarantee environmental sustainability. In the practice of supply chain, environmental regulations and supply chain contracts are applied with the attempt to improve environmental performance. However, whether these measures are actually effective remains unanswered. In this paper, we study a supply chain with one manufacturer and one retailer adopting joint emission reduction strategy. We first investigate under what circumstance the environmental regulation can effectively result in higher emission reduction efforts. The result shows that when the cost coefficient satisfies certain conditions, the increase of penalty or subsidy can lead to more investment in emission reduction. In addition, if the environmental impact caused by the production process is extremely high, the enforcement of the regulation is ineffective. We also explore how the cost-revenue-sharing contract affects the emission reduction strategy and the coordination of the members in the supply chain. The results suggest that the incentive effect of environmental regulation is more effective when the supply chain coordination contract exists. Numerical experiments are also presented to verify our analytical conclusions.
Business model architectures in the car industry are gaining increased attention from scientists and policymakers. Although scientific studies have been conducted to address the pressures faced by future business models to change, no research has examined the bibliometric variables in this area. This study aims to fill the gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis of 104 articles on business models for electric cars. The analysis showed that the literature on business models for electric cars is exhaustive, and it focuses on business model decisions for charging technologies, driver services, electricity management, commercial contracts, and plant. China, the United States of America, and Germany have conducted the maximum number of studies on the aforementioned theme. The topic dendrogram identified two evolving strands of discussions—innovative technologies and resource optimization and electricity management systems and product life cycle. These findings can guide the formulation of environmentally sustainable policies for electric car manufacturing and help car manufacturers to restructure their models.
Economic growth and economic energy consumption have received greater attention due to its contribution to global CO2 emissions in recent decades. The literature on CO2 emissions and innovation for regional differences is very scanty as there is not enough study that considered different regions in a single analysis. We adopt a holistic approach by incorporating different regions so as to assess how innovation contributes to emission reduction. The study, therefore, examined the effects of innovation and economic growth on CO2 emissions for 18 developed and developing countries over the period of 1990 to 2016. The study used panel technique capable of dealing with cross-section dependence effects: panel cross-sectional augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) unit root to determine the order of integration, Westerlund cointegration tests confirmed that the variables are co-integrated. We employed panel fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and panel dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) to estimate the long-run relationship. The results show that energy consumption increases CO2 emissions at all panel levels. However, innovation reduces CO2 emissions in G6 while it increases emissions in the MENA and the BRICS countries. Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is valid for the BRICS. The pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) and pollution halo effect were confirmed at different panel levels. Based on the findings different policy recommendations are proposed.
Road transport accounts for 92 per cent of CO2 emissions from all transport services, and car transport makes the largest contribution to the total. We examine the dynamic relationship between car CO2 emissions in western European Union countries (EU-13) with the dieselization of the passenger vehicle fleet, technological progress, fuel efficiency, mobility indicator, economic activity and motorization rate. We take advantage of a panel data set of 13 EU countries between 1990 and 2015 and estimate a Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) model using alternative econometric methods. This approach allows us to estimate the effect on car CO2 emissions of induced indirect channels involving the reaction of economic agents to changes in aforementioned explanatory variables. We provide evidence that CO2 emissions have been benefited from global technological progress and changes in average fuel efficiency, while increases of economic activity, motorization rate and the dieselization process hold positive and significant relationship with car CO2 emissions. These results are consistent with alternative model specifications and econometric methods.
We conducted a type of “field experiment” in September 2017 to evaluate how difficult it will be for companies to implement the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). We examined the disclosures of 15 of the largest oil & gas companies by market cap that had filed a 10‑K or 20‑F in 2016, so before the TCFD’s recommendations were published. In general, we found reporting for that year uneven, with some TCFD categories fairly well covered and others not. We also found variation across companies, with most making fairly modest disclosures but some being fairly progressive in this regard. Significantly, we also found that most of the disclosures were in voluntary sustainability reports, not the financial filings required by statute and as recommended by the TCFD. Taken in the aggregate, at least one company was reporting on each of the 11 recommendations with one exception. This suggests that it is feasible for companies in this sector to follow the TCFD’s recommendations if they are interested in doing so.
The sustainable development goals (SDGs), along with other internationally recognized frameworks, inspires better policies. At the European level, several institutions are also promoting better mechanisms to face present and future crises including social inequalities, food and energy supplies, and preservation of the environment. Traditional accounting systems in both public and private entities fail to capture these concerns into actual figures and concrete narratives. To face this challenge, several families of indicators have flourished. EFRAG (European Financial Reporting Advisory Group) is also preparing their own European sustainability reporting standards (ESRS), which will guide future European Directives on the matter. So, the years following 2024 will be a key period for the evolution of sustainability reporting, and hence, it is reasonable to consider that publicly owned enterprises are key scenarios. Hence, the aim of this work is to explore emerging reporting practices of region-owned enterprises from Canary Islands archipelago (Spain) and the Italian Abruzzi region.
The sustainable development initiative aims to combat climate change in which green innovations, renewables, and taxes play a significant role. This study argues that sectoral carbon footprints vary, and so does the impact of technical innovation (Transportation (MTT), production and processing (MTPP), and Energy generation (MTEG)) in mitigation efforts. Therefore, the study examines their influence along with taxes in OECD economies from 1990 to 2020. The preliminary assessment uses second-generation techniques, while the long-run relationship among variables is examined using Error-correction-based models because of cross-sectional interdependencies. The findings affirm the existence of long-term linkages between variables. Transport-related innovation (MTT) reduces demand-based (DBE) and GHG emissions by elasticities of 0.115 and 0.126, respectively. Similarly, MTEG and MTPP technologies reduce production-based emission (PBE) by 0.174% and 0.137%, respectively, and GHG by 0.301% and 0.140%. Energy consumption is the major polluter across all sectors, whereas carbon tax limits emissions.
It is well proven that the research on electric vehicles (EV) offers an outstanding contribution in identifying the variables that influence consumers’ behaviour in support of sustainable mobility. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the main factors that can significantly influence consumers’ purchasing choices. The analysis intends to examine and enrich what academics have already observed based on the observations within practitioners’
publications. This study moves in this direction by conducting a content analysis through Leximancer of 3254 articles connected to consumers’ behaviour in the market of electric vehicles. The comparison between academics and professionals better identifies positive and negative aspects that affect consumers’ willingness to buy electric vehicles, as well as detecting common factors, practical or theoretical gaps, and valuable evidence for
future developments. Based on the findings, the study contributes to the international debate on EVs by providing new perspectives to support public policy and academic studies with possible implications for practitioners’ activities.
In this paper, we are addressing the implications of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 or 2060, a topic raised at the 26th summit of the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties. And likewise, to attain Sustainable Development Goal 7, which addresses an affordable and clean environment, we examine how technology and renewable energy contribute to energy efficiency within the crossroad of carbon neutrality in the top ten manufacturing countries. The current research applies a novel Method of Moment Quantile Regression (MMQR) from 1990 to 2020. The study's outcome shows that energy efficiency and renewable energy are efficacious and significant in curbing greenhouse gas among the designated countries. Again, the study unveils that the manufacturing sector contributes positively to greenhouse gas emissions. However, the interaction term between energy efficiency and the manufacturing sector dwindles the emissions across all the quantiles, unveiling that energy efficiency within the manufacturing sector can offset the industrial growth-induced emissions. The role of technology remains positive and significant in greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Finally, the findings support the validity of EKC hypothesis within the top ten manufacturing countries. Results from this study shall form huge policy directions for policymakers within these countries in achieving carbon neutrality.
Abstract
Nowadays, Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered a disruptive technology that will-with time-become dominant over their predecessor. EVs range and cost are closely linked, where users can essentially trade one for the other as the battery is the single largest cost of an EV. Developing countries (e.g., Jordan) face several challenges related to the current supporting environment and infrastructure. Thus, the lack of reliable charging infrastructure is a key obstacle that would slow down the EVs' expansion. This paper aims to understand the feasibility of instigating EV charge facilities based on different parameters including charging technologies, charging-power demand, and potential locations of EV charge facilities. For this purpose, the Maximum Covering Location Model (MCLM) is utilized to optimize the charging demand. This optimization model is based upon the anticipated charging demand (daytime and nighttime). Also, different charging scenarios are selected to deal with different levels of charging technologies classified based on their charging speed and power. Moreover, a random parameters approach is adopted, for the first time, to model the demand for charging power in each district. A linear mixed-integer problem with multiple constraints is also formulated to optimize the charging station location and level of coverage over a relatively large metropolitan area. Thus, the study has a novel input to the prevailing charging demand modeling from coverage and financial feasibility perspectives, as well as guides stockholders and policymakers to improve EVs’ adoption.
Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are the foremost requirement of the entire world, and a sharing economy is potentially the best way to achieve them, a phenomenon which needs to be emphasized. This study empirically investigates the impact of the environmental, social and economic benefits of a sharing economy on SDG achievement, along with the mediating impact of innovative culture on the association between these benefits of a sharing economy and SDG achievement. This study gathered primary data from sample of employees of transportation industry of Vietnam. The study employs PLS-SEM using Smart-PLS to analyse the association among the constructs. The findings show that the social and economic benefits positively and significantly relate to SDGs achievement. Additionally, the findings also indicate that in the presence of innovative culture as a mediator, the determinants of sharing economy benefits are significantly correlated with sustainable development goals. This study provides guidelines for regulators formulating regulations related to SDG achievement through a sharing economy.
Accurate estimation of the welfare cost of air pollution provides an essential reference for government authorities to formulate air prevention and control actions. Although several attempts have been made on this issue, biases are present in the estimation results due to residents' different concerns and sensitivities to air pollution. By using a panel dataset of major Chinese cities from 2014 to 2018, this study investigates how heterogeneous public concerns contribute to welfare costs of air pollution from a housing market perspective. The Baidu search index was presented as a proxy of public concern about air pollution. Results show that a 1 % increase in air pollutant concentrations leads to a 0.495 % to 0.620 % decrease in housing prices, validating the moderating effect of public concern on the welfare costs of air pollution. Public concern increases residents' willingness to pay for clean air, and this increase is associated with current pollution exposure. The findings suggest that government authorities should consider the variability of residents' willingness to pay and actual pollution levels when developing environmental policies and cost-benefit assessments.
Electric power shortfalls driven by inadequate generation, electrification, and lack of clarity on the planning side have worsened Pakistan's power crises that deformed economic growth. This study focuses on the estimation of the electricity supply and demand in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) perspective and on the main reasons that motivate a transition to green resources. This paper estimated the demand-supply gap (1990–2015) and forecasted it (2016–2035), including CPEC projects using the System Dynamics model. The results show that the power demand will be met by 2021, fact highlighted also by a battery of robustness tests. We find that the CPEC efforts will increase energy growth from 4.5% (1990–2015) to 14.6% (2016–2035). The capacity growth will increase from 4.9% to 12.3% during 2016–2035. Moreover, the current renewable energy production and investment (Wind & Solar Power) will not help achieve policy targets. A total investment of 57,683 million is needed for a complete conversion to green energy. The study highlights the challenges on the green energy path and discusses policies needed to overcome these problems.
In recent years, international institutions have fostered initiatives to consider climate-related issues, and a Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) was created as an extension of the Carbon Disclosure Project and Global Reporting Initiative standards. This study examines how the air transport sector complies with the TCFD framework, which is considered to be a vehicle that translates scientific knowledge from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) about climate change. Relying on environmental criteria, our sample represents more than 65% of the total emissions of the sector. The disclosures on climate-related issues of twenty-four airlines are analysed within the period 2015–2018. Although climate reporting increased from 2015 to 2018 (before and after the issuance of the framework), our study documents that its compliance with TCFD recommendations is poor, specifically concerning the core element of strategy. Our contribution is twofold. First, we note that the climate change mitigation and adaptation policies disclosed in the reports could help close the information gap as desired by the company's stakeholders, but they are currently insufficient. Second, the normative pressures exerted by the TCFD align with the coercive pressures identified in some regions of the world and are promoting the construction of climate reporting.
Achieving sustainable environmental development, while further avoiding environmental degradation is an unprecedented challenge for policymakers. This article aims to explore whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds if the relevant carbon emissions modelling approach includes both energy consumption and the Konjunkturforschungsstelle (KOF) globalization index. The analysis is performed through panel methods and for 67 developed and developing countries, spanning the period 1971–2018. The empirical results demonstrate that there is a significant and positive association between globalization and carbon emissions. At the same time, higher GDP increases carbon emissions, while higher coal energy also leads to higher emissions, with the coefficient of the squared GDP turning out to be negative, which lends amble support to the validity of the EKC hypothesis. The findings of this article might be helpful in policy making regarding overall energy structure, carbon emissions, and globalization trends in developing and developed countries.
China faces the challenge of promoting high-tech industries and concomitantly reduces ecological footprints. This research analyzes the directional spillover impacts and connectedness for financial and trade globalization, high-tech industries, and environmental footprints of China. The authors used the data of financial globalization, trade globalization, economic complexity, middle and high-tech industrial contribution, and ecological footprint of China throughout 1996Q1 to 2019Q4. The empirics contribute to the debate on the impacts of the high technology industry, financial globalization for the environmental sustainably in the era of the digital economy. The study finds positive spillover effects from financial globalization (FGI), and economic complexity towards ecological footprints. Further, the high technology industrial contribution has a less significant impact on reducing environmental footprints. Overall, the findings are robust to the presence of structural change effects and the cleaner production objectives for China's case. Concomitantly, the empirical findings allow us to report innovative conclusions and implications regarding the sustainable development goals (SDG-7, 10), high-industry, and environmental sustainability in China.
To better analyze China's carbon neutrality target, this study investigates the effect of green innovation and investment in the energy industry on China's provincial and regional data from 1995 to 2017. Using Westerlund and Edgerton's panel cointegration test, the authors found a stable long-run relationship between CO2 emissions and its determinants. We found that under major structural breaks at the local, regional, and global levels, such as the East Asian crises of 1997, the financial crises of 2007–2008, China's RMB exchange rate reform announced on August 11, 2015, and mild recession in 2001, CO2 emissions, income, green innovation, renewable energy use, and energy industry investment are cointegrated. The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is valid. In the long run, income, environmental innovation, investment in the energy industry, and renewable energy consumption are key contributors in explaining CO2 emissions. The empirical evidence from augmented mean group (AMG) is consistent with the estimates of CS-ARDL. Concerning practical implications, the findings suggest that there is a need to switch the Chinese economy to more sustainable sources of energy, a viable solution to abate environmental degradation. China should introduce and shift investments to green innovation.
A growing number of studies empirically investigate the nexus between CO2 emissions and technological progress in the existing literature. However, these studies largely ignore sectoral-level differences. We argue that as the contribution of different sectors to carbon emissions are not equal, the environmental impact of technological progress might vary across sectors. The main purpose of this paper is to fill this research gap for the transport sector. To this end, we specifically focus on the EU15 countries over the period between 1977 and 2015. In order to empirically analyze this link, we use the Mean Group, Common Correlated Effects Mean Group, and the Augmented Mean Group estimators. Unlike the earlier country-level empirical studies, our findings reveal that environmental technologies have a statistically insignificant positive effect on CO2 emissions from the transport sector. Moreover, while economic growth and energy consumption lead to more pollution, the effect of urbanization on emissions is not statistically significant. It is recommended that the policymakers of EU15 countries should pay special attention to the transport sector for becoming a carbon-neutral economy by 2050.
The aim of this research is to explore the association between financial development, research and development (R&D) expenditures, globalization, institutional quality, and energy consumption in India by using the quarterly data of 1995–2018. Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) approach is employed to examine the relationship. An application of the QARDL approach suggests that the R&D, financial development, globalization, and institutional quality significantly influence energy utilization in India. R&D and institutional quality have a negative effect on energy utilization which shows that due to the increase in the quality of institutions and R&D in the country, energy utilization is likely to decrease. However, globalization and financial performance have a positive influence on energy which depicts that due to the increase in financial performance and globalization in India the energy consumption is likely to increase. According to the outcomes of this research, India should make a policy to ease the penalties of energy utilization by monitoring resource transfer by means of globalization and by implementing energy conversation procedures through the advancement of the financial sector.
This paper aims to describe measures mainly based on two strategic and policy documents published by the Portuguese authorities that intend to be a guide for the coming years for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). These documents define contributions, policies and measures to comply with international commitments, dealing with renewable energies, energy efficiency and other issues. The two documents are the Portugal National Energy and Climate Plan 2030 (NECP 2030) and the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050 (RCN 2050), but other initiatives are also described. Very ambitious targets were established in order to put Portugal at the forefront of a sustainable and environmental friendly development, without losing competitiveness and increasing the well-being of the population.
The land transport sector is one of the major emitters of CO2 and one of the hardest sectors to decarbonise. This study employs an environmentally-extended input-output model to conduct an economy-wide assessment of CO2 emissions in Cyprus, associated with a 22% increase in the final demand for the output of the sector by 2030. Model results indicate that the land transport sector creates the third highest (direct and indirect) CO2 emissions within Cyprus economy; for every 1 million euro increase in the final demand of the sector’s services and products, 407 additional tons of CO2 are emitted. Considering that temperature in Cyprus is projected to increase by up to 4.5–5°C by the end of the century, our findings highlight the importance of the land transport sector in the transition of Cyprus to a low-carbon economy and the urgency of implementing in-sector cost-effective decarbonisation strategies.
This study estimates total, inland, water and air transport net forward, backward and internal carbon linkages of EU's top seven emitters from 1995 to 2011. Moreover, it also reports direct emissions and intensities. Direct emissions of the seven for all four sectors mostly increased with varying proportions, while direct intensities followed a downward trend. Total, inland, water and air net backward emissions were reasonably stable excluding Germany who's total and inland net backward emissions sharply declined during 2000 while water and air emissions increased sharply. Although some nations witnessed a decrease, overall total, inland and air transport net forward emissions increased. While water transport net forward emissions had huge fluxes in the middle, stabilised towards the end. Total, inland, and air transport internal emissions for most of the nations increased over time. However, water transport internal emissions except for the UK were reasonably stable. ‘Electricity, Gas and Water Supply’ was the top source of German; Polish; Italian; British and Dutch net backward emissions. France and Spain's highest carbon imports were from ‘Coke, Refined Petroleum and Nuclear Fuel.’ Highest destinations of net forward emissions keep changing over time. The paper also discusses policy implications.
These days, climate change issues and their impacts on the economy, social and natural system of countries have become the main concern of worldwide, even for those countries that are facing major economic problems. These issues arise from the combustion of fossil fuels. One of the major contributors to global CO2 emission is the transport sector. Therefore, in order to identify the trends and characteristics of transport carbon emissions this study reviews the relevant literature significantly; and decomposes carbon emission in this sector in 7 top transport CO2 emitter countries by applying the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI). The results indicated that, during 2000–15, transport carbon emissions increased in the United States, China, India, Canada, Russia, and Brazil whereas decreased in Japan. Hence, in the majority of these countries, energy conservation strategies were not successfully implemented during the study period. In the majority of countries, the main contributor to CO2 emission reductions was carbon intensity, whereas the main drivers of CO2 emission increases were electricity structure and economic output effects. Reductions in carbon emissions could be achieved by further optimizing energy structures, limiting the private vehicle population. A set of policies and regulations, from demand-side and supply-side, must be implemented to be effective in reducing GHGs emissions.