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Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands
ISSN: 2252-6188 (Print), ISSN: 2302-3015 (Online, www.jlsuboptimal.unsri.ac.id)
Vol. 12, No.2: 218-225 Oktober 2023
DOI: 10.36706/JLSO.12.2.2023.651
.x
The Application of Compost Extract and Biopesticide in Three Different
Varieties of Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Aplikasi Ekstrak Kompos dan Biopestisida pada Tiga Varietas Berbeda Tanaman
Kedelai (Glycine max L.)
Erise Anggraini1,2*), Nuni Gofar1,3, Teguh Randi Pradana1, Wahyu Tri Patria1,
Diana Sinurat1
1Study Program of Agroekoteknologi, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662,
South Sumatra, Indonesia
2Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662,
South Sumatra, Indonesia
3Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662,
South Sumatra, Indonesia
*)Corresponding author: erise.anggraini@unsri.ac.id
(Received: 29 May 2023, Accepted: 21 September 2023)
Citation: Anggraini E, Gofar N, Pradana TR, Patria WT, Sinurat D. 2023. The application of compost extract
and biopesticide in three different varieties of soybean (Glycine max L.). Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal
of Suboptimal Lands. 12 (2): 219-226. DOI: 10.36706/JLSO.12.2.2023.651.
ABSTRAK
Kedelai merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki kandungan protein dan minyak
nabati yang cukup tinggi. Rendahnya produksi kedelai disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor
salah satunya adalah kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan
efektivitas antara pemberian pupuk EKKU (Ekstrak Kompos Kulit Udang) dan EKMTJ
(Ekstrak Kompos Media Tanam Jamur) yang dikombinasikan dengan bioinsektisida
berbahan aktif Beauveria bassiana terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai. Metode
yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial yang
terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu: Faktor 1 adalah ekstrak kompos: P1: Esktrak kompos kulit
udang (EKKU) dan P2: Ekstrak kompos media tanam jamur (EKMTJ). Faktor 2 adalah
dosis bioinsektisida berbahan aktif B. bassiana: Taraf dosis B1: 1 liter/ha dan B2: 2-liter/
ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kompos kulit udang (EKKU)
yang dikombinasikan dengan bioinsektisida dosis 2-liter/ha memberikan hasil terbaik
terhadap variabel tinggi tanaman dan berat basah tajuk. Sedangkan pemberian ekstrak
kompos media tanam jamur (EKMTJ) memberikan hasil terbaik pada variabel berat basah
dan kering polong tanaman serta berat kering tajuk tanaman.
Kata kunci: kedelai, ekstrak kompos, biopestisida
ABSTRACT
Soybeans are high in protein and vegetable oil. However, soil fertility, among other
factors, has resulted in low production. This study aimed to compare the effects of shrimp
shells compost extract (EKKU) and Mushroom Substrate Media Compost Extract (EKMTJ)
fertilizers in combination with bio-insecticides with active ingredients from Beauveria
bassiana on the growth and production of soybean. This was a factorial randomised design
study with two factors. The first factor was compost extract, with P1: EKKU and P2:
Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands
ISSN: 2252-6188 (Print), ISSN: 2302-3015 (Online, www.jlsuboptimal.unsri.ac.id)
Vol. 12, No.2: 219-226 Oktober 2023
DOI: 10.36706/JLSO.12.2.2023.651
220 Anggraini et al.: The Application of Compost Extract and Biopesticide
EKMTJ. Furthermore, the second factor is a dosage of bioinsecticides with B. bassiana
active ingredients of 1 litre/ha (B1) and 2 litres/ha (B2). The results showed that the
application of shrimp shell compost extract (EKKU) combined with 2 litres/ha
bioinsecticide gave the best results in plant height and shoot weight. On the other hand, the
application of mushroom substrate medium compost extract (EKMTJ) gave the best results
for wet and dry weight of plant pods and canopy dry weight.
Keywords: soybean, compost extract, biopesticide
INTRODUCTION
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a
leguminous plant with high protein and
vegetable oil content (Niwińska et al.,
2020). It is also one of Indonesia's most
important strategic food crops after rice and
corn (Hasan et al., 2015). In Indonesia,
soybeans are used in the industrial sector,
such as for material in producing soy sauce,
processed soy milk, tempeh and tofu, and
various other products (Krisnawati et al.,
2021).
Various factors, such as soybean
varieties that are more susceptible to
changes in weather patterns and more
resistant to pests, can lead to low soybean
production in Indonesia. Furthermore,
changes in weather patterns can bring about
the unpredictability of water availability. In
addition, continuously developing and
increasingly resistant diseases due to the
constant use of chemicals are also an
obstacle, for example, the armyworm
(Spodoptera litura), leaf-rolling caterpillar
(Chrysodeixis chalsites), the span caterpillar
Lamprosema indicate,Helicoverpa spp.,
and the pod ladybug (Riptortus linearis)
(Fathipour & Sedaratian, 2013).
The productivity of soybean plants can
be increased in many ways. Some of the
efforts that affect soybean production are
the application of fertilizer and the control
of soybean pests (Fathipour & Sedaratian,
2013; Heidari et al., 2016). The application
of fertilizer increases the available nutrients
in the soil (Krasilnikov et al., 2022). On the
other hand, bio-insecticides can be used to
control insect pests in an environmentally
sustainable method (Kumar et al., 2021).
The development of fertilization technology
and disease control in organic farming has
given various new findings. One of these
products is the development of composting
technology.
On the other hand, unused waste, such as
shrimp shell waste and mushroom substrate
media waste, is available in the community.
However, over the years, most people still
assume that waste is useless and not a
valuable resource. To overcome this
problem, waste must be properly managed
using the right technology. Despite this,
direct disposal of waste into the
environment is the dominant waste
management option (Sridhar & Hammed,
2014). This paradigm should be abandoned
and replaced by a new one that considers
waste as a resource with economic value
that can be utilised, for example, to produce
compost (Sayara et al., 2020).
Production boost can also be
accomplished by changing the fertilizer and
employing better planting patterns.
Applying widely used inorganic fertilizers
will impact the soil quality in the planting
area (Kakar et al., 2020). The use of organic
fertilizers can be one solution since not only
can they provide nutrients for plants to
grow, but they can also help improve soil
quality and keep it healthy (Itelima et al.,
2018; Shaji et al., 2021). These include the
use of organic materials such as shrimp
shells and unused mushroom substrate
media. In South Sumatra, mushroom
cultivation has expanded significantly.
The fertilizers used in this study are
EKKU (Ekstrak Kompost Kulit Udang or
shrimp shells compost extract) and EKMTJ
(Ekstrak Kompost Tanam Jamur or
mushroom substrate medium compost
extract). At the same time, the
bioinsecticide used is an insecticide with
the active ingredient of Beauveria bassiana.
Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 12 (2) Oktober 2023 221
Therefore, this study was conducted to
obtain information on the effectivity of
EKKU and EKTMJ fertilisation and
bioinsecticide application with Beauveria
bassiana active ingredient to soybean plants.
The results of this study may provide
alternative solutions for the reuse of shrimp
shell waste and mushroom substrate media
as organic fertilizers.
Furthermore, the combinations of
compost extracts and bio-insecticides can
also increase soybean productivity and
suppress insect pests. Therefore, the
application of compost extracts and bio-
insecticides to soybean plants is expected to
reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides in soybean cultivation. Therefore,
this study aimed to determine the
effectiveness of EKKU and EKMTJ
fertilizers combined with B. bassiana
bioinsecticide on soybean growth and
productivity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research Area
This research was conducted at the Agro
Techno Center (ATC) of the Faculty of
Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya
Campus.
Research Procedures
The bioinsecticide with the brand
“Bioverin” and the compost extract of
shrimp shell with the brand “Biofitalik”
used in this research were from the
Department of crop protection, University
of Sriwijaya. Furthermore, the compost
extract of mushroom substrate media was
conventionally made by this author, Erise
Anggraini. The soybean plants were planted
in soil with a total area of 500 m2.
This is a factorial randomized block
design study with the following treatments:
B1P1: bioinsecticide dose 1 litre/ha and
shrimp shell compost extract
B1P2: bioinsecticide dose of 1 litre/ha and
mushroom compost extract
B2P1: Bioinsecticide dose of 2 litres/ha and
compost extract of shrimp shells.
B2P2: Bioinsecticide dose of 2 litres/ha and
compost extract of mushroom substrate
media. Each treatment had four replications;
therefore, 16 experimental units and ten
plant samples were taken for each
experimental unit, so the whole plants
observed were 160. Each treatment was
applied to 3 soybean varieties, i.e., Deja 1,
Devon 1, and Dena 1.
The land preparation was carried out by
clearing the land of weeds and wood
residues. After the clearing, it was plowed
using a hand tractor. Subsequently, it was
plotted using a hoe into 16 plots of 2.5 m x
2.5 m. Before planting, it was fertilized
with 50 kg of cow manure for eight plots
and 100 kilograms for 16 plots. A direct
seed planting system was used with the
Deja 1, Devon 1, and Dena 1 varieties. The
seeds were buried about 2-3 cm from the
soil surface with a 30 cm x 20 cm distance
between planting holes. In one hole, there
were 2-3 seeds. The compost extract was
applied to the test plant by spraying it
evenly on all the leaves up to the neck of
the stem. The application was repeated
seven times at a concentration of 2%
shrimp shell compost extract and 5%
mushroom compost extract with an interval
of 7 days after the first application. The first
spraying was done when the soybean plants
were two weeks old or after the plants had
five leaves.
A bioinsecticide containing B. bassiana
was sprayed on soybean plants three weeks
after planting at concentrations of 1 litre/ha
and 2 litres/ha. Seven sprays were made at
7-day intervals. The plants were maintained
by regular watering every morning and
evening. Weeds were removed from the
planting area.
Data Analysis
The observations consisted of 1) plant
height, 2) wet weight of the plant shoots
and pods, and 3) dry weight of the plant
shoots and pods. The data obtained from the
observations were averaged. The resulting
differences were presented in the form of
bar charts and diagrams.
222 Anggraini et al.: The Application of Compost Extract and Biopesticide
RESULTS
The Plant Height
The statistical analysis showed that the
height of growth, the weight of the shoots
and the weight of the pods were not
significantly different between the soybean
varieties. Therefore, descriptive analysis
was used to calculate these in this study.
The average plant height of soybean
varieties Deja 1, Devon 1 and Dena 1
treated with shrimp shell compost extract
and mushroom substrate media compost
extract combined with bioinsecticide doses
were showed in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
The Average Wet and Dry Weights of
Sprouts And Pods of Soybean
The average wet and dry weights of
sprouts and pods of soybean varieties Deja
1, Devon 1 and Dena 1 treated with shrimp
shell compost extract and mushroom
substrate compost extract in combination
with bioinsecticides were showed in
Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7.
Figure 1: Deja 1 variety soybean growth height
Figure 2: Devon 1 variety soybean growth height
Figure 3: Dena 1 variety soybean growth height
Height (cm)
Height (cm)
Height (cm)
Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 12 (2) Oktober 2023 223
shoot dry weight
shoot wet weight
B1 B2 B1 B2 B1 B2
B1: Bioinsecticide 1 litre/ha ; B2: Bioinsecticide 2 litre/ha
Figure 4. The effect of EKKU on soybean shoot weight
shoot dry weight
shoot wet weight
B1 B2 B1 B2 B1 B2
B1: Bioinsecticide 1 litre/ha ; B2: Bioinsecticide 2 litre/ha
Figure 5. The effect of EKMTJ on soybean shoot weight
pod dry weight
pod wet weight
B1 B2 B1 B2 B1 B2
B1: Bioinsecticide 1 litre/ha ; B2: Bioinsecticide 2 litre/ha
Figure 6. The effect of EKKU on soybean pod weight
Deja 1
Devon 1
Dena 1
12.39 11.93
10.01
11.02
8
11.79
18.24
26.86
19.26
5.85
12.72
19.94
Deja 1
Devon 1
Dena 1
11.96 13.31 11.68 10.58
9.79
29.46
28.64
20.44
17.72
7.11
14.04
17.09
Deja 1
Devon 1
Dena 1
8.39
10.86
14.6
7.52
9.36
18.46
8.95
10.81
9.37
12.09
18.6
24.25
224 Anggraini et al.: The Application of Compost Extract and Biopesticide
pod dry weight
pod wet weight
B1 B2 B1 B2 B1 B2
B1: Bioinsecticide 1 litre/ha; B2: Bioinsecticide 2 litre/ha
Figure 7. The effect of EKMTJ on soybean pod weight
DISCUSSION
Based on the results of the average data
as presented in Figures 1 to 7, it can be
concluded that each variety has different
growth and production. Differences in
development and production between
varieties of the observed variables are
thought to be caused by differences in the
characteristics or superiority of each variety
according to its genotype. The differences
in genetic variations and environmental
factors are one of the causes of the diversity
of plant appearances (Kartahadimaja et al.,
2021). Genetics in a plant will be expressed
by various plant traits, including the form
and function of plants that result in different
growth and production.
The growth of soybean plants described
in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the average plant
height indicates that the B2P1 treatment
combination resulted in the highest plant
height compared to other treatment
combinations in each variety. From the
combination of these treatments, it was
found that giving shrimp shell compost
extract affected plant height. This is
because shrimp shell waste contains macro
and micronutrients needed by plants
(Abirami et al., 2022). In addition, the
chitosan content in shrimp shells can
stimulate plant growth by increasing the
response to gibberellins and auxin
hormones (Santo Pereira et al., 2017).
The treatments of B1 and B2 were the
dose levels used for bioinsecticides. It is
known that the bioinsecticide used contains
B. bassiana with shrimp shell compost
extract as carrier material. As a result, in
addition to being an ingredient for pest
control, bioinsecticide can also provide
additional nutrients for plants. The increase
in plant height corresponded with the
increase in the dose used. This is good for
plant cultivation since soybeans’ height will
affect their production ability. Nutrients,
water, and sunlight absorbed by plants
during the growth process will be
translocated as dry matter, then, at the end
of the vegetative phase, photosynthetic
products will accumulate in the plant organs
(Rouphael et al., 2012).
Based on the average results in Figures 4
and 5, the variable wet weight of the shoot
of soybean with the application of EKKU
with 2 litres of bioinsecticide/ha had the
best results. However, the best results were
obtained on the canopy dry weight variable
by administering EKMTJ with 2 litres of
bioinsecticide/ha. These results presumably
result from the B2P1 treatment using the
EKKU, which contains chitosan.
Application of chitosan can improve root
growth and overall plant development
(Hidangmayum et al., 2019). In the B2P2
treatment using the EKMTJ application,
EKMTJ has several nutrients plants need,
especially nitrogen (Carrasco et al., 2018).
Deja 1
Devon 1
Dena 1
14.47 15.32
8.44
9.37
15.63
10.8
6.67
8.51
18.63 19.09
18.83
22.72
Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 12 (2) Oktober 2023 225
The application of organic material in the
form of mushroom-substrate media waste
can support plant growth-promoting organic
amendment (Paula et al., 2017). In Figures
6 and 7 displaying the results of the average
wet and dry weight of plant pods, the
administration of EKMTJ with 2 litres/ha of
bioinsecticide had the best results. This
results from the EKMTJ containing
nutrients, especially nitrogen which is one
of the macronutrients plants need. Nitrogen
in plants helps prepare amino acids,
proteins, coenzymes, and chlorophyll to
increase the dry weight of seeds (Głowacka
et al., 2023; Singh et al., 2016).
CONCLUSION
Based on the results and discussion, it
can be concluded that the administration of
shrimp shell compost extract (EKKU)
combined with 2 litres/ha bioinsecticide
gave the best results on the height of the
three soybean plant varieties. Shrimp shell
compost extract (EKKU) gave the best
results for the canopy wet weight. In
contrast, the administration of mushroom
substrate media compost extract (EKMTJ)
showed the best results for the canopy dry
weight of the three varieties. Mushroom
substrate media compost extract (EKMTJ)
combined with 2 litres/ha bioinsecticide
gave the best results on the wet and dry
weight of the three varieties.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors acknowledge the Faculty of
Agriculture Universitas Sriwijaya for
providing this research's experimental land
(Agro Techno Centre).
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